1
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Bisquert J, Roldán JB, Miranda E. Hysteresis in memristors produces conduction inductance and conduction capacitance effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13804-13813. [PMID: 38655741 PMCID: PMC11078199 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00586d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Memristors are devices in which the conductance state can be alternately switched between a high and a low value by means of a voltage scan. In general, systems involving a chemical inductor mechanism as solar cells, asymmetric nanopores in electrochemical cells, transistors, and solid state memristive devices, exhibit a current increase and decrease over time that generates hysteresis. By performing small signal ac impedance spectroscopy, we show that memristors, or any other system with hysteresis relying on the conductance modulation effect, display intrinsic dynamic inductor-like and capacitance-like behaviours in specific input voltage ranges. Both the conduction inductance and the conduction capacitance originate in the same delayed conduction process linked to the memristor dynamics and not in electromagnetic or polarization effects. A simple memristor model reproduces the main features of the transition from capacitive to inductive impedance spectroscopy spectra, which causes a nonzero crossing of current-voltage curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain.
| | - Juan B Roldán
- Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique Miranda
- Dept. Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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2
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H. Balaguera E, Bisquert J. Accelerating the Assessment of Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Energy Lett 2024; 9:478-486. [PMID: 38356938 PMCID: PMC10863394 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c02779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Halide perovskite materials have reached important milestones in the photovoltaic field, positioning them as realistic alternatives to conventional solar cells. However, unavoidable kinetic phenomena have represented a major concern for reliable steady-state performance assessment from standard current-voltage measurements. In particular, the dynamic hysteresis of current-voltage curves requires relatively long stabilization to achieve a credible figure for the power conversion efficiency. Hysteresis is caused by complex current transient phenomena that become active during staircase voltammetry. Here, we address the root of this problem. We pinpoint the dynamic characteristics behind the slow transient responses to strategically predict a minimum time delay and thus estimate the power conversion efficiency under steady-state conditions. Circuit-element analysis and impedance spectroscopy confirm our predictions based on an advanced transient study. Our results fundamentally explore the possibility of reducing data time acquisition in a reliable performance assessment, providing disruptive solutions and perspectives toward systematic production of photovoltaic perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique H. Balaguera
- Escuela
Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología (ESCET), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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3
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Yudco S, Bisquert J, Etgar L. Enhanced LED Performance by Ion Migration in Multiple Quantum Well Perovskite. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11610-11617. [PMID: 38100371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we study the effect of ion migration on the performance of perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs). We compared aromatic and linear barrier molecules in Ruddlesden-Popper and Dion-Jacobson two-dimensional perovskites having multiple quantum well (MQW) structures. PeLED devices were fabricated by using the same conditions and architecture, while their electroluminescence properties and ion migration behavior were investigated. Impedance spectroscopy measurements were used to analyze the PeLEDs, which found a direct link between the barrier molecule type, the device efficiency, and ion migration. The best performing LEDs were based on the aromatic barriers, which present dominant inductive impedance, indicating an earlier onset voltage of radiative recombination. These findings present an approach of how to control radiative emission in perovskite LEDs which opens the way for further improvement in PeLEDs and memristors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Yudco
- Institute of Chemistry, Casali Center for Applied Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Lioz Etgar
- Institute of Chemistry, Casali Center for Applied Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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4
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Bisquert J. Hysteresis in Organic Electrochemical Transistors: Distinction of Capacitive and Inductive Effects. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10951-10958. [PMID: 38037745 PMCID: PMC10726359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are effective devices for neuromorphic applications, bioelectronics, and sensors. Numerous reports in the literature show persistent dynamical hysteresis effects in the current-voltage curves, attributed to the slow ionic charging of the channel under the applied gate voltage. Here we present a model that considers the dominant electrical and electrochemical operation aspects of the device based on a thermodynamic function of ion insertion. We identify the volume capacitance as the derivative of the thermodynamic function, associated with the chemical capacitance of the ionic-electronic film. The dynamical analysis shows that the system contains both capacitive and inductive hysteresis effects. The inductor response, which can be observed in impedance spectroscopy, is associated with ionic diffusion from the surface to fill the channel up to the equilibrium value. The model reveals the multiple dynamical features associated with specific kinetic relaxations that control the transient and impedance response of the OCET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials
(INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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5
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Abstract
We demonstrate a multipore nanofluidic memristor with conical pores showcasing a wide range of hysteresis and memristor properties that provide functionalities for brainlike computation in neuromorphic applications. Leveraging the interplay between the charged functional groups on the pore surfaces and the confined ionic solution, the memristor characteristics are modulated through the electrolyte type, ionic concentrations, and pH levels of the aqueous solution. The multipore membrane mimics the functional characteristics of biological ion channels and displays synaptical potentiation and depression. Furthermore, this property can be inverted in polarity by chemically varying the pH level. The ability to modulate memory effects by ionic conductivity holds promise for enhancing signal information processing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Ramirez
- Dept. de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 València, Spain
| | - Vicente Gómez
- Dept. de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 València, Spain
| | - Javier Cervera
- Dept. de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Salvador Mafe
- Dept. de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, E-46022 València, Spain
- Dept. de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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6
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Abstract
Brain-inspired neuromorphic computing is currently being investigated for effective artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The development of artificial neurons and synapses is imperative to creating efficient computational biomimetic networks. Here we propose the minimal configuration of an effective iontronic spiking neuron based on a conical nanofluidic pore ionic diode. The conductance is composed of a Boltzmann open channel probability and a blocking inactivation function, forming the structure of a memristor. The presence of a negative resistance and the combination of activation-deactivation dynamics cause a Hopf bifurcation. Using the characteristic frequencies of small perturbation impedance spectroscopy, we discuss the conditions of spiking, in which the system enters a limit cycle oscillation. We arrive at the conclusion that an excitable neuron-like system can be made with a single active channel instead of the more complex combination of multiple channels that occurs in the Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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7
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Sánchez RS, Villanueva-Antolí A, Bou A, Ruiz-Murillo M, Mora-Seró I, Bisquert J. Radiative Recombination Processes in Halide Perovskites Observed by Light Emission Voltage Modulated Spectroscopy. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2207993. [PMID: 36401575 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of light emission in halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells is composed of a radiative recombination of voltage-injected carriers mediated by additional steps such as carrier trapping, redistribution of injected carriers, and photon recycling that affect the observed luminescence decays. These processes are investigated in high-performance halide perovskite LEDs, with external quantum efficiency (EQE) and luminance values higher than 20% and 80 000 Cd m-2 , by measuring the frequency-resolved emitted light with respect to modulated voltage through a new methodology termed light emission voltage modulated spectroscopy (LEVS). The spectra are shown to provide detailed information on at least three different characteristic times. Essentially, new information is obtained with respect to the electrical method of impedance spectroscopy (IS), and overall, LEVS shows promise to capture internal kinetics that are difficult to be discerned by other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S Sánchez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, 12006, Spain
| | | | - Agustín Bou
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, 12006, Spain
| | | | - Iván Mora-Seró
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, 12006, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, 12006, Spain
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8
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Abstract
Hysteresis effects in ionic-electronic devices are a valuable resource for the development of switching memory devices that can be used in information storage and brain-like computation. Halide perovskite devices show frequent hysteresis in current-voltage curves that can be harnessed to build effective memristors. These phenomena can be often described by a set of highly nonlinear differential equations that involve current, voltage, and internal state variables, in the style of the famous Hodgkin-Huxley model that accounts for the initiation and temporal response of action potentials in biological neurons. Here we extend the neuron-style models that lead to chemical inductors by introducing a capacitive coupling in the slow relaxation variable. The extended model is able to explain naturally previous observations concerning the transition from capacitor to inductor in impedance spectroscopy of MAPbBr solar cells and memristors in the dark. The model also generates new types of oscillating systems by the generation of a truly negative capacitance distinct from the usual inductive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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9
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Shaddad MN, Arunachalam P, Hezam M, BinSaeedan NM, Gimenez S, Bisquert J, Al-Mayouf AM. Facile Fabrication of heterostructured BiPS4-Bi2S3-BiVO4 photoanode for enhanced stability and photoelectrochemical water splitting performance. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Sakhatskyi K, John RA, Guerrero A, Tsarev S, Sabisch S, Das T, Matt GJ, Yakunin S, Cherniukh I, Kotyrba M, Berezovska Y, Bodnarchuk MI, Chakraborty S, Bisquert J, Kovalenko MV. Assessing the Drawbacks and Benefits of Ion Migration in Lead Halide Perovskites. ACS Energy Lett 2022; 7:3401-3414. [PMID: 36277137 PMCID: PMC9578653 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Since the inception of the unprecedented rise of halide perovskites for photovoltaic research, ion migration has shadowed this material class with undesirable hysteresis and degradation effects, limiting its practical implementations. Unfortunately, the localized doping and electrochemical reactions triggered by ion migration cause many more undesirable effects that are often unreported or misinterpreted because they deviate from classical semiconductor behavior. In this Perspective, we provide a concise overview of such effects in halide perovskites, such as operational instability in photovoltaics, polarization-induced abnormal external quantum efficiency in light-emitting diodes, and energy channel shift and anomalous sensitivities in hard radiation detection. Finally, we highlight a unique use case of exploiting ion migration as a boon to design emerging memory technologies such as memristors for information storage and computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostiantyn Sakhatskyi
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rohit Abraham John
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Sergey Tsarev
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Sabisch
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tisita Das
- Materials
Theory for Energy Scavenging (MATES) Lab, Harish-Chandra Research Institute (HRI) Allahabad, HBNI, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211019, India
| | - Gebhard J. Matt
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sergii Yakunin
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ihor Cherniukh
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kotyrba
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yuliia Berezovska
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- Materials
Theory for Energy Scavenging (MATES) Lab, Harish-Chandra Research Institute (HRI) Allahabad, HBNI, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211019, India
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
- Yonsei
Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa −
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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11
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Bisquert J. Interpretation of the Recombination Lifetime in Halide Perovskite Devices by Correlated Techniques. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7320-7335. [PMID: 35920697 PMCID: PMC9972473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recombination lifetime is a central quantity of optoelectronic devices, as it controls properties such as the open-circuit voltage and light emission rates. Recently, the lifetime properties of halide perovskite devices have been measured over a wide range of the photovoltage, using techniques associated with a steady state by small perturbation methods. It has been remarked that observation of the lifetime is affected by different additional properties of the device, such as multiple trapping effects and capacitive charging. We discuss the meaning of delay factors in the observations of recombination lifetime in halide perovskites. We formulate a general equivalent circuit model that is a basis for the interpretation of all the small perturbation techniques. We discuss the connection of the recombination model to the previous reports of impedance spectroscopy of halide perovskites. Finally, we comment on the correlation properties of the different light-modulated techniques.
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12
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Bisquert J, Guerrero A. Dynamic Instability and Time Domain Response of a Model Halide Perovskite Memristor for Artificial Neurons. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3789-3795. [PMID: 35451841 PMCID: PMC9974066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Memristors are candidate devices for constructing artificial neurons, synapses, and computational networks for brainlike information processing and sensory-motor autonomous systems. However, the dynamics of natural neurons and synapses are challenging and cannot be well reproduced with standard electronic components. Halide perovskite memristors operate by mixed ionic-electronic properties that may lead to replicate the live computation elements. Here we explore the dynamical behavior of a halide perovskite memristor model to evaluate the response to a step perturbation and the self-sustained oscillations that produce analog neuron spiking. As the system contains a capacitor and a voltage-dependent chemical inductor, it can mimic an action potential in response to a square current pulse. Furthermore, we discover a property that cannot occur in the standard two-dimensional model systems: a three-dimensional model shows a dynamical instability that produces a spiking regime without the need for an intrinsic negative resistance. These results open a new pathway to create spiking neurons without the support of electronic circuits.
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13
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Ravishankar S, Bisquert J, Kirchartz T. Interpretation of Mott-Schottky plots of photoanodes for water splitting. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4828-4837. [PMID: 35655867 PMCID: PMC9067593 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06401k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of literature reports that both bismuth vanadate and haematite photoanodes are semiconductors with an extremely high doping density between 1018 and 1021 cm-3. Such values are obtained from Mott-Schottky plots by assuming that the measured capacitance is dominated by the capacitance of the depletion layer formed by the doping density within the photoanode. In this work, we show that such an assumption is erroneous in many cases because the injection of electrons from the collecting contact creates a ubiquitous capacitance step that is very difficult to distinguish from that of the depletion layer. Based on this reasoning, we derive an analytical resolution limit that is independent of the assumed active area and surface roughness of the photoanode, below which doping densities cannot be measured in a capacitance measurement. We find that the reported doping densities in the literature lie very close to this value and therefore conclude that there is no credible evidence from capacitance measurements that confirms that bismuth vanadate and haematite photoanodes contain high doping densities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Universitat Jaume I Castellón de la Plana 12071 Spain
| | - Thomas Kirchartz
- IEK-5 Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Str. 199 47057 Duisburg Germany
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14
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Sahamir SR, Kamarudin MA, Ripolles TS, Baranwal AK, Kapil G, Shen Q, Segawa H, Bisquert J, Hayase S. Enhancing the Electronic Properties and Stability of High-Efficiency Tin-Lead Mixed Halide Perovskite Solar Cells via Doping Engineering. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3130-3137. [PMID: 35357181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming Voc loss to increase the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been aggressively studied. In this work, we introduce and compare rubidium iodide (RbI) and potassium iodide (KI) alkali metal halides (AMHs) as dopants in a tin-lead (SnPb)-based perovskite system to improve the performance of PSCs by enhancing their Voc. Improvement in terms of surface morphology, crystallinity, charge transfer, and carrier transport in the SnPb perovskites was observed with the addition of AMH dopants. Significant power conversion efficiency improvement has been achieved with the incorporation of either dopant, and the highest efficiency was 21.04% in SnPb mixed halide PSCs when the RbI dopant was employed. In conclusion, we can outline the enhancement strategy that yields a remarkable efficiency of >20% with a smaller Voc loss and improved storage, light, and thermal stability in SnPb PSCs via doping engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrir Razey Sahamir
- Info-Powered Energy System Research Center (i-PERC), The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Muhammad Akmal Kamarudin
- Info-Powered Energy System Research Center (i-PERC), The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Teresa S Ripolles
- Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales, University of Valencia, Carrer del Catedrátic José Beltrán Martinez, 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ajay Kumar Baranwal
- Info-Powered Energy System Research Center (i-PERC), The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Gaurav Kapil
- Info-Powered Energy System Research Center (i-PERC), The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Qing Shen
- Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Segawa
- Research Center for Advance Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Edificio de Investigación n°1 Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Shuzi Hayase
- Info-Powered Energy System Research Center (i-PERC), The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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15
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Abstract
![]()
A multitude of chemical,
biological, and material systems present
an inductive behavior that is not electromagnetic in origin. Here,
it is termed a chemical inductor. We show that the structure of the
chemical inductor consists of a two-dimensional system that couples
a fast conduction mode and a slowing down element. Therefore, it is
generally defined in dynamical terms rather than by a specific physicochemical
mechanism. The chemical inductor produces many familiar features in
electrochemical reactions, including catalytic, electrodeposition,
and corrosion reactions in batteries and fuel cells, and in solid-state
semiconductor devices such as solar cells, organic light-emitting
diodes, and memristors. It generates the widespread phenomenon of
negative capacitance, it causes negative spikes in voltage transient
measurements, and it creates inverted hysteresis effects in current–voltage
curves and cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, it determines stability,
bifurcations, and chaotic properties associated to self-sustained
oscillations in biological neurons and electrochemical systems. As
these properties emerge in different types of measurement techniques
such as impedance spectroscopy and time-transient decays, the chemical
inductor becomes a useful framework for the interpretation of the
electrical, optoelectronic, and electrochemical responses in a wide
variety of systems. In the paper, we describe the general dynamical
structure of the chemical inductor and we comment on a broad range
of examples from different research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Castelló 12006, Spain.,Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Castelló 12006, Spain
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16
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Guerrero A, Bisquert J, Garcia-Belmonte G. Impedance Spectroscopy of Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells from the Perspective of Equivalent Circuits. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14430-14484. [PMID: 34845904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Impedance spectroscopy (IS) provides a detailed understanding of the dynamic phenomena underlying the operation of photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. Here we provide a broad summary of the application of IS to metal halide perovskite materials, solar cells, electrooptic and memory devices. IS has been widely used to characterize perovskite solar cells, but the variability of samples and the presence of coupled ionic-electronic effects form a complex problem that has not been fully solved yet. We summarize the understanding that has been obtained so far, the basic methods and models, as well as the challenging points still present in this research field. Our approach emphasizes the importance of the equivalent circuit for monitoring the parameters that describe the response and providing a physical interpretation. We discuss the possibilities of models from the general perspective of solar cell behavior, and we describe the specific aspects and properties of the metal halide perovskites. We analyze the impact of the ionic effects and the memory effects, and we describe the combination of light-modulated techniques such as intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) for obtaining more detailed information in complex cases. The transformation of the frequency to time domain is discussed for the consistent interpretation of time transient techniques and the prediction of features of current-voltage hysteresis. We discuss in detail the stability issues and the occurrence of transformations of the sample coupled to the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain.,Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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17
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Abstract
The dynamics of neurons consist of oscillating patterns of a membrane potential that underpin the operation of biological intelligence. The FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) model for neuron excitability generates rich dynamical regimes with a simpler mathematical structure than the Hodgkin-Huxley model. Because neurons can be understood in terms of electrical and electrochemical methods, here we apply the analysis of the impedance response to obtain the characteristic spectra and their evolution as a function of applied voltage. We convert the two nonlinear differential equations of FHN into an equivalent circuit model, classify the different impedance spectra, and calculate the corresponding trajectories in the phase plane of the variables. In analogy to the field of electrochemical oscillators, impedance spectroscopy detects the Hopf bifurcations and the spiking regimes. We show that a neuron element needs three essential internal components: capacitor, inductor, and negative differential resistance. The method supports the fabrication of memristor-based artificial neural networks.
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Abstract
Understanding the operation of neurons and synapses is essential to reproducing biological computation. Building artificial neuromorphic networks opens the door to a new generation of faster and low-energy-consuming electronic circuits for computation. The main candidates to imitate the natural biocomputation processes, such as the generation of action potentials and spiking, are memristors. Generally, the study of the performance of material neuromorphic elements is done by the analysis of time transient signals. Here, we present an analysis of neural systems in the frequency domain by small-amplitude ac impedance spectroscopy. We start from the constitutive equations for the conductance and memory effect, and we derive and classify the impedance spectroscopy spectra. We first provide a general analysis of a memristor and demonstrate that this element can be expressed as a combination of simple parts. In particular, we derive a basic equivalent circuit where the memory effect is represented by an RL branch. We show that this ac model is quite general and describes the inductive/negative capacitance response in many systems such as halide perovskites and organic LEDs. Thereafter, we derive the impedance response of the integrate-and-fire exponential adaptative neuron model that introduces a negative differential resistance and a richer set of spectra. On the basis of these insights, we provide an interpretation of the varied spectra that appear in the more general Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model. Our work provides important criteria to determine the properties that must be found in material realizations of neuronal elements. This approach has the great advantage that the analysis of highly complex phenomena can be based purely on the shape of experimental impedance spectra, avoiding the need for specific modeling of rather involved material processes that produce the required response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Bou
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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19
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Bisquert J, Janssen M. From Frequency Domain to Time Transient Methods for Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: The Connections of IMPS, IMVS, TPC, and TPV. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7964-7971. [PMID: 34388001 PMCID: PMC8404195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The correlation of different methods of measurement can become an important tool to identify the dominant physical elements that govern the electronic and ionic dynamics in perovskite solar cells. The diverse phenomena underlying the response of halide perovskite materials to different stimuli are reflected in time-domain measurements, where transients appear with time scales spanning orders of magnitude, from nanoseconds to hours. We discuss the connection between different frequency- and time-domain methods to probe the voltage and current response of halide perovskite solar cells to different small perturbations. To solve the frequency-to-time transformation, we start from models of the transfer function of intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) and derive the associated impulse response function, the transient photocurrent (TPC), in response to a short light pulse. Similarly, we determine the transient photovoltage (TPV) starting from the intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) transfer function. We also discuss the open-circuit voltage decays (OCVD). We first show the response of simple equivalent circuit models, and then we treat the full model for generation-diffusion-recombination of electrons that shows a spiraling loop in IMPS. This model gives rise to overshoots in the time domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bisquert
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Mathijs Janssen
- Department
of Mathematics, Mechanics Division, University
of Oslo, N-0851 Oslo, Norway
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20
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Abstract
The photovoltage Voc of high-performance solar cells such as GaAs and metal halide perovskites is affected by the exponential Urbach tail in the absorption spectrum, with an energy parameter EU. It has been observed that increasing Urbach energy decreases the maximum photovoltage that can be achieved. On the basis of detailed balance and reciprocity of absorption and emission, we present a calculation that shows that the voltage loss due to the exponential tail in an absorption obeys a universal relation ΔVocrad = (kBT/q) ln(1 - EU/kBT) for EU < kBT, independently of the bandgap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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21
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Abstract
Perovskite solar cells show a number of internal electronic-ionic effects that produce hysteresis in the current-voltage curves and a dependence of the temporal response on the conditions of the previous stimulus applied to the sample. There are many models and explanations in the literature, but predictive methods that may lead to an assessment of the solar cell behavior based on independent measurements are needed. Here, we develop a method to predict time domain response starting from the frequency domain response measured by impedance spectroscopy over a collection of steady states. The rationale of the method is to convert the impedance response into a set of differential equations, in which the internal state variables emerge naturally and need not be predefined in terms of a physical (drift/diffusion/interfaces) model. Then, one solves (integrates) the evolution for a required external perturbation such as voltage sweep at a constant rate (cyclic voltammetry). Using this method, we solve two elementary but relevant equivalent circuit models for perovskite solar cells and memristors, and we show the emergence of hysteresis in terms of the relevant time and energy constants that can be fully obtained from impedance spectroscopy. We demonstrate quantitatively a central insight in agreement with many observations: regular hysteresis is capacitive, and inverted hysteresis is inductive. Analysis of several types of perovskite solar cells shows excellent correlation of the type of equivalent circuit and the observed hysteresis. A new phenomenon of transformation from capacitive to inductive hysteresis in the course of the current-voltage curve is reported.
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Bou A, A̅boliņš H, Ashoka A, Cruanyes H, Guerrero A, Deschler F, Bisquert J. Extracting in Situ Charge Carrier Diffusion Parameters in Perovskite Solar Cells with Light Modulated Techniques. ACS Energy Lett 2021; 6:2248-2255. [PMID: 34778561 PMCID: PMC8576830 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Frequency resolved methods are widely used to determine device properties of perovskite solar cells. However, obtaining the electronic parameters for diffusion and recombination by impedance spectroscopy has been so far elusive, since the measured spectra do not present the diffusion of electrons. Here we show that intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) displays a high frequency spiraling feature determined by the diffusion-recombination constants, under conditions of generation of carriers far from the collecting contact. We present models and experiments in two different configurations: the standard sandwich-contacts solar cell device and the quasi-interdigitated back-contact (QIBC) device for lateral long-range diffusion. The results of the measurements produce the hole diffusion coefficient of D p = 0.029 cm2/s and lifetime of τ p = 16 μs for one cell and D p = 0.76 cm2/s and τ p = 1.6 μs for the other. The analysis in the frequency domain is effective to separate the carrier diffusion (at high frequency) from the ionic contact phenomena at a low frequency. This result opens the way for a systematic determination of transport and recombination features in a variety of operando conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Bou
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat sn, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Haralds A̅boliņš
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arjun Ashoka
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Héctor Cruanyes
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat sn, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat sn, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Felix Deschler
- Walter-Schottky-Institute,
Physics Department, Technical University
Munich, Am Coulombwall
4, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat sn, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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23
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Perkhun P, Köntges W, Pourcin F, Esteoulle D, Barulina E, Yoshimoto N, Pierron P, Margeat O, Videlot-Ackermann C, Bharwal AK, Duché D, Herrero CR, Gonzales C, Guerrero A, Bisquert J, Schröder RR, Pfannmöller M, Ben Dkhil S, Simon JJ, Ackermann J. High‐Efficiency Digital Inkjet‐Printed Non‐Fullerene Polymer Blends Using Non‐Halogenated Solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aesr.202000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Perkhun
- Aix Marseille University CINAM - Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille UMR CNRS 7325 13288 Marseille France
| | - Wolfgang Köntges
- CAM – Centre for Advanced Materials Heidelberg University 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Florent Pourcin
- Dracula Technologies 3 Rue Georges Auric Valence 26000 France
| | | | - Elena Barulina
- Aix Marseille University CINAM - Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille UMR CNRS 7325 13288 Marseille France
| | - Noriyuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Physical Science and Materials Engineering Iwate University Ueda Morioka 020 8551 Japan
| | - Pascal Pierron
- Dracula Technologies 3 Rue Georges Auric Valence 26000 France
| | - Olivier Margeat
- Aix Marseille University CINAM - Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille UMR CNRS 7325 13288 Marseille France
| | - Christine Videlot-Ackermann
- Aix Marseille University CINAM - Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille UMR CNRS 7325 13288 Marseille France
| | - Anil Kumar Bharwal
- Aix Marseille University Université de Toulon IM2NP - Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence UMR CNRS 7334 Marseille IM2NP France
| | - David Duché
- Aix Marseille University Université de Toulon IM2NP - Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence UMR CNRS 7334 Marseille IM2NP France
| | - Carmen Ruiz Herrero
- Aix Marseille University Université de Toulon IM2NP - Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence UMR CNRS 7334 Marseille IM2NP France
| | - Cedric Gonzales
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I Castelló 12006 Spain
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I Castelló 12006 Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I Castelló 12006 Spain
| | - Rasmus R. Schröder
- 3DMM2O – Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1 – 390761711) and CAM – Centre for Advanced Materials Heidelberg University 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Martin Pfannmöller
- CAM – Centre for Advanced Materials Heidelberg University 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sadok Ben Dkhil
- Dracula Technologies 3 Rue Georges Auric Valence 26000 France
| | - Jean-Jacques Simon
- Aix Marseille University Université de Toulon IM2NP - Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence UMR CNRS 7334 Marseille IM2NP France
| | - Jörg Ackermann
- Aix Marseille University CINAM - Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille UMR CNRS 7325 13288 Marseille France
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Bou A, Pockett A, Raptis D, Watson T, Carnie MJ, Bisquert J. Beyond Impedance Spectroscopy of Perovskite Solar Cells: Insights from the Spectral Correlation of the Electrooptical Frequency Techniques. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8654-8659. [PMID: 32955259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Small perturbation techniques have proven to be useful tools for the investigation of perovskite solar cells. A correct interpretation of the spectra given by impedance spectroscopy (IS), intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS), and intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) is key for the understanding of device operation. The utilization of a correct equivalent circuit to extract real parameters is essential to make this good interpretation. In this work, we present an equivalent circuit, which is able to reproduce the general and the exotic behaviors found in impedance spectra. From the measurements, we demonstrate that the midfrequency features that may appear to depend on the active layer thickness, and we also prove the spectral correlation of the three techniques that has been suggested theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Bou
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Adam Pockett
- SPECIFIC, Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Raptis
- SPECIFIC, Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Trystan Watson
- SPECIFIC, Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Carnie
- SPECIFIC, Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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25
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Milić JV, Ehrler B, Molina C, Saliba M, Bisquert J. Online Meetings in Times of Global Crisis: Toward Sustainable Conferencing. ACS Energy Lett 2020; 5:2024-2026. [PMID: 34192148 PMCID: PMC7269096 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jovana V Milić
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Ehrler
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michael Saliba
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNER, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
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26
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Solanki A, Guerrero A, Zhang Q, Bisquert J, Sum TC. Interfacial Mechanism for Efficient Resistive Switching in Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites for Non-volatile Memories. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:463-470. [PMID: 31873017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ion migration, one origin of current-voltage hysteresis, is the bane of halide perovskite optoelectronics. Herein, we leverage this unwelcome trait to unlock new opportunities for resistive switching using layered Ruddlesdsen-Popper perovskites (RPPs) and explicate the underlying mechanisms. The ON/OFF ratio of RPP-based devices is strongly dependent on the layers and peaks at n̅ = 5, demonstrating the highest ON/OFF ratio of ∼104 and minimal operation voltage in 1.0 mm2 devices. Long data retention even in 60% relative humidity and stable write/erase capabilities exemplify their potential for memory applications. Impedance spectroscopy reveals a chemical reaction between migrating ions and the external contacts to modify the charge transfer barrier at the interface to control the resistive states. Our findings explore a new family of facile materials and the necessity of ionic population, migration, and their reactivity with external contacts in devices for switching and memory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Solanki
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
- Department of Science, School of Technology , Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University , Gandhinagar 382007 , India
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) , Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló , Spain
| | - Qiannan Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) , Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló , Spain
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
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27
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Li C, Wang N, Guerrero A, Zhong Y, Long H, Miao Y, Bisquert J, Wang J, Huettner S. Understanding the Improvement in the Stability of a Self-Assembled Multiple-Quantum Well Perovskite Light-Emitting Diode. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6857-6864. [PMID: 31559821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We fabricate two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper layered perovskite films by introducing 1-naphthylmethylamine iodide into the precursor, which forms a self-assembled multiple-quantum well (MQW) structure. Enabling outstanding electroluminescence properties, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using the MQW structure also demonstrate significant improvement in stability in comparison with the stability of devices made from formamidinium lead iodide. To understand this, we perform electroabsorption spectroscopy, wide-field photoluminescence imaging microscopy and impedance spectroscopy. Our approach enables us to determine the mobility of iodide ions in MQW perovskites to be (1.5 ± 0.8) × 10-8 cm2 V-1 s-1, ∼2 orders of magnitude lower than that in three-dimensional perovskites. We highlight that activated ion migration is a requirement for a degradation pathway in which a steady supply of ions is needed to modify the perovskite/external contact interfaces. Therefore, the improvement in stability in a MQW perovskite LED is directly attributed to the suppressed ion migration due to the inserted organic layer acting as a barrier for ionic movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bayreuth , Universitätstrasse 30 , 95447 Bayreuth , Germany
| | - Nana Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) , Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castello , Spain
| | - Yu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bayreuth , Universitätstrasse 30 , 95447 Bayreuth , Germany
| | - Huan Long
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bayreuth , Universitätstrasse 30 , 95447 Bayreuth , Germany
| | - Yanfeng Miao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) , Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castello , Spain
| | - Jianpu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Sven Huettner
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bayreuth , Universitätstrasse 30 , 95447 Bayreuth , Germany
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant V Kamat
- Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, (USA)
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castelló, (Spain)
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29
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Aranda C, Guerrero A, Bisquert J. Crystalline Clear or Not: Beneficial and Harmful Effects of Water in Perovskite Solar Cells. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2587-2599. [PMID: 31268613 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Clarification of how water affects the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells is one of the major challenges to successfully develop a large-scale low-cost fabrication process. Many authors have reported beneficial effects of moisture during the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), such as enhanced crystallinity, photoluminescence and photovoltage. However, the highest power conversion efficiency reported until this date was obtained under completely dry atmosphere conditions, avoiding the presence of water during perovskite formulation and preserving the damage caused by moisture exposure with encapsulation techniques. This apparent contradiction makes patent the necessity of an extensive clarification to establish the conditions in which water represents a beneficial or harmful factor in the development of high efficiency and stable perovskite devices. In this review, we summarized the effects of water, both as an additive into the perovskite formulation as an additive and as moisture exposure during fabrication. We discuss in depth the structural and chemical effects, analysing also the photovoltaic consequences during operation conditions. As a final input, we remark a useful method to perform high efficiency PSCs under different lab ambient conditions and highlight the latest advances in hydrophobic devices and encapsulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Aranda
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castelló, Spain
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castelló, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castelló, Spain
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) , Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló , Spain
| | - Emilio J Juarez-Perez
- ARAID Foundation, Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA) , University of Zaragoza , 50018 Zaragoza , Spain
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31
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Shaddad M, Cardenas-Morcoso D, García-Tecedor M, Fabregat-Santiago F, Bisquert J, Al-Mayouf AM, Gimenez S. TiO 2 Nanotubes for Solar Water Splitting: Vacuum Annealing and Zr Doping Enhance Water Oxidation Kinetics. ACS Omega 2019; 4:16095-16102. [PMID: 31592477 PMCID: PMC6777075 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the cooperative effect of Zr doping and vacuum annealing on the carrier dynamics and interfacial kinetics of anodized TiO2 nanotubes for light-driven water oxidation. After evaluation of different Zr loads and different annealing conditions, it was found that both Zr doping and vacuum annealing lead to a significantly enhanced light harvesting efficiency and photoelectrochemical performance. The substitution of Zr4+ by Ti4+ species leads to a higher density of surface defects such as oxygen vacancies, facilitating electron trapping on Zr4+, which reduced the charge recombination and hence boosted the charge transfer kinetics. More importantly, vacuum annealing promoted the presence of surface defects. Furthermore, the mechanistic study through impedance spectroscopy revealed that both charge transfer and surface conductivity are significantly enhanced due the presence of an oxygen-deficient TiO2 surface. These results represent an important step forward in the optimization of nanostructured TiO2-based photoelectrodes, with high potential in photocatalytic applications, including solar fuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged
N. Shaddad
- Electrochemical
Sciences Research Chair (ESRC), Department of Chemistry, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Mayouf
- Electrochemical
Sciences Research Chair (ESRC), Department of Chemistry, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sixto Gimenez
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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32
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Aranda C, Bisquert J, Guerrero A. Impedance spectroscopy of perovskite/contact interface: Beneficial chemical reactivity effect. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:124201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5111925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Aranda
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló, Spain
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Schatz GC, McCoy AB, Shea JE, Murphy CJ, Scholes G, Batista V, Bhattacharyya K, Bisquert J, Crawford D, Cuk T, Dickson R, Fairbrother H, Forsyth M, Fourkas J, Geiger F, Gewirth A, Goodson T, Goward GR, Guo H, Hartland GV, Jungwirth P, Link S, Liu GY, Liu ZP, Mennucci B, Minton T, Mullin AS, Prezhdo O, Schneider WF, Schwartz B, Snider N, Solomon G, Weitz E, Yang X, Yethiraj A, Zaera F, Zanni M, Zhang J, Zhong H, Zwier T. The JPC Periodic Table. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5973-5984. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schatz GC, McCoy AB, Shea JE, Murphy CJ, Scholes G, Batista V, Bhattacharyya K, Bisquert J, Crawford D, Cuk T, Dickson R, Fairbrother H, Forsyth M, Fourkas J, Geiger F, Gewirth A, Goodson T, Goward GR, Guo H, Hartland GV, Jungwirth P, Link S, Liu GY, Liu ZP, Mennucci B, Minton T, Mullin AS, Prezhdo O, Schneider WF, Schwartz B, Snider N, Solomon G, Weitz E, Yang X, Yethiraj A, Zaera F, Zanni M, Zhang J, Zhong H, Zwier T. The JPC Periodic Table. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5837-5848. [PMID: 31315402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu K, Ma M, Wu L, Valenti M, Cardenas-Morcoso D, Hofmann JP, Bisquert J, Gimenez S, Smith WA. Electronic Effects Determine the Selectivity of Planar Au-Cu Bimetallic Thin Films for Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:16546-16555. [PMID: 30969748 PMCID: PMC6509640 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Au-Cu bimetallic thin films with controlled composition were fabricated by magnetron sputtering co-deposition, and their performance for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 was investigated. The uniform planar morphology served as a platform to evaluate the electronic effect isolated from morphological effects while minimizing geometric contributions. The catalytic selectivity and activity of Au-Cu alloys was found to be correlated with the variation of electronic structure that was varied with tunable composition. Notably, the d-band center gradually shifted away from the Fermi level with increasing Au atomic ratio, leading to a weakened binding energy of *CO, which is consistent with low CO coverage observed in CO stripping experiments. The decrease in the *CO binding strength results in the enhanced catalytic activity for CO formation with the increase in Au content. In addition, it was observed that copper oxide/hydroxide species are less stable on Au-Cu surfaces compared to those on the pure Cu surface, where the surface oxophilicity could be critical to tuning the binding strength of *OCHO. These results imply that the altered electronic structure could explain the decreased formation of HCOO- on the Au-Cu alloys. In general, the formation of CO and HCOO- as main CO2 reduction products on planar Au-Cu alloys followed the shift of the d-band center, which indicates that the electronic effect is the major governing factor for the electrocatalytic activity of CO2 reduction on Au-Cu bimetallic thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Materials
for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ming Ma
- Materials
for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Longfei Wu
- Laboratory
for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis (IMC), Department of Chemical
Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Valenti
- Materials
for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Drialys Cardenas-Morcoso
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Jan P. Hofmann
- Laboratory
for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis (IMC), Department of Chemical
Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Sixto Gimenez
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Wilson A. Smith
- Materials
for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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Valenti M, Prasad NP, Kas R, Bohra D, Ma M, Balasubramanian V, Chu L, Gimenez S, Bisquert J, Dam B, Smith WA. Suppressing H2 Evolution and Promoting Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CO at Low Overpotentials by Alloying Au with Pd. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Valenti
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Nitin P. Prasad
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Recep Kas
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Divya Bohra
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ming Ma
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Vignesh Balasubramanian
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Liangyong Chu
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Sixto Gimenez
- Photovoltaic and Optoelectronics Devices Group, Departament de Fisica, Universitat Jaume I Av Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castello, Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Photovoltaic and Optoelectronics Devices Group, Departament de Fisica, Universitat Jaume I Av Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castello, Spain
| | - Bernard Dam
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Wilson A. Smith
- Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
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Scholes GD, Schatz GC, Bisquert J, Forsyth M, Mennucci B, Prezhdo O, Zaera F, Zwier T, Zhang J. JPCL: A Dynamic Journal with a Global Reach. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:113-114. [PMID: 30985143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Zhang
- University of California , Santa Cruz
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Li C, Guerrero A, Huettner S, Bisquert J. Unravelling the role of vacancies in lead halide perovskite through electrical switching of photoluminescence. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5113. [PMID: 30504825 PMCID: PMC6269531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We address the behavior in which a bias voltage can be used to switch on and off the photoluminescence of a planar film of methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite (MAPbI3) semiconductor with lateral symmetric electrodes. It is observed that a dark region advances from the positive electrode at a slow velocity of order of 10 μm s–1. Here we explain the existence of the sharp front by a drift of ionic vacancies limited by local saturation, that induce defects and drastically reduce the radiative recombination rate in the film. The model accounts for the time dependence of electrical current due to the ion-induced doping modification, that changes local electron and hole concentration with the drift of vacancies. The analysis of current dependence on time leads to a direct determination of the diffusion coefficient of iodine vacancies and provides detailed information of ionic effects over the electrooptical properties of hybrid perovskite materials. Methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite based solar cells have attracted lots of attention but many physical characteristics of this material remain elusive. Here Li et al. reveal the role of defects in the carrier recombination dynamics in photoluminescence experiments and present a model to describe it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castello, Spain
| | - Sven Huettner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castello, Spain.
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Rahman MM, Fabregat F, Guerrero A, Asiri AM, Bisquert J. Semiconductor α‐Fe 2O 3Hematite Fabricated Electrode for Sensitive Detection of Phenolic Pollutants. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research & Chemistry departmentKing Abdulaziz UniversityFaculty of Science Jeddah 21589 P.O. Box 80203 Saudi Arabia
| | - Francisco Fabregat
- Institute of Advanced MaterialsUniversitat Jaume I 12006 Castelló de la Plana Spain
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced MaterialsUniversitat Jaume I 12006 Castelló de la Plana Spain
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research & Chemistry departmentKing Abdulaziz UniversityFaculty of Science Jeddah 21589 P.O. Box 80203 Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research & Chemistry departmentKing Abdulaziz UniversityFaculty of Science Jeddah 21589 P.O. Box 80203 Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Advanced MaterialsUniversitat Jaume I 12006 Castelló de la Plana Spain
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Bisquert J. Top Selected Papers in the Physical Chemistry of Energy Materials 2016-2017. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5897-5905. [PMID: 30282457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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41
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Ravishankar S, Aranda C, Boix PP, Anta JA, Bisquert J, Garcia-Belmonte G. Effects of Frequency Dependence of the External Quantum Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3099-3104. [PMID: 29787276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells are known to show very long response time scales, on the order of milliseconds to seconds. This generates considerable doubt over the validity of the measured external quantum efficiency (EQE) and consequently the estimation of the short-circuit current density. We observe a variation as high as 10% in the values of the EQE of perovskite solar cells for different optical chopper frequencies between 10 and 500 Hz, indicating a need to establish well-defined protocols of EQE measurement. We also corroborate these values and obtain new insights regarding the working mechanisms of perovskite solar cells from intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy measurements, identifying the evolution of the EQE over a range of frequencies, displaying a singular reduction at very low frequencies. This reduction in EQE is ascribed to additional resistive contributions hindering charge extraction in the perovskite solar cell at short-circuit conditions, which are delayed because of the concomitant large low-frequency capacitance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandheep Ravishankar
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) , Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló , Spain
| | - Clara Aranda
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) , Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló , Spain
| | - Pablo P Boix
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) , Universitat de València , Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 , 46980 Paterna , Spain
| | - Juan A Anta
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems , University Pablo de Olavide , 41013 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) , Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló , Spain
| | - Germà Garcia-Belmonte
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) , Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló , Spain
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42
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Ng CH, Ripolles TS, Hamada K, Teo SH, Lim HN, Bisquert J, Hayase S. Tunable Open Circuit Voltage by Engineering Inorganic Cesium Lead Bromide/Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2482. [PMID: 29410450 PMCID: PMC5802841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells based on series of inorganic cesium lead bromide and iodide mixture, CsPbBr3-xI x , where x varies between 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 molar ratio were synthesized by two step-sequential deposition at ambient condition to design the variations of wide band gap light absorbers. A device with high overall photoconversion efficiency of 3.98 % was obtained when small amount of iodide (CsPbBr2.9I0.1) was used as the perovskite and spiro-OMeTAD as the hole transport material (HTM). We investigated the origin of variation in open circuit voltage, Voc which was shown to be mainly dependent on two factors, which are the band gap of the perovskite and the work function of the HTM. An increment in Voc was observed for the device with larger perovskite band gap, while keeping the electron and hole extraction contacts the same. Besides, the usage of bilayer P3HT/MoO3 with deeper HOMO level as HTM instead of spiro-OMeTAD, thus increased the Voc from 1.16 V to 1.3 V for CsPbBr3 solar cell, although the photocurrent is lowered due to charge extraction issues. The stability studies confirmed that the addition of small amount of iodide into the CsPbBr3 is necessarily to stabilize the cell performance over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Huey Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Teresa S Ripolles
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan.
| | - Kengo Hamada
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Siow Hwa Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Hong Ngee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Functional Device Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castelló, Spain.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shuzi Hayase
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan.
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Kim TY, Wei W, Lee TK, Kim BS, Park SC, Lee S, Suh EH, Jang J, Bisquert J, Kang YS. Imidazolium Iodide-Doped PEDOT Nanofibers as Conductive Catalysts for Highly Efficient Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Employing Polymer Electrolyte. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:2537-2545. [PMID: 29281253 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The electrical conductivity and catalytic activity of nanofibrous poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)s (PEDOT NFs) was improved by redoping with dimethyl imidazolium iodide (DMII) as a charge transfer facilitator. Addition of the new DMII dopant into the PEDOT NFs reduced the concentration of dodecyl sulfate anions (DS-) predoped during the polymerization process and concomitantly enhanced the doping concentration of I- by ion exchange. Redoping with DMII increased the mobility of the PEDOT NFs by up to 18-fold and improved the conductivity due to the enhanced linearization, suppressed aggregation, and improved crystallinity of the PEDOT chains. The catalytic activity was also improved, primarily due to the increase in the compatibility and the effective surface area upon replacement of sticky DS- with the more basic and smaller I- of DMII on the surface of the PEDOT NFs. The charge-transfer resistance across the interface between the poly(ethylene oxide)-based solid polymer electrolyte and PEDOT NF counter electrode (CE) was thus reduced to a large extent, giving an energy conversion efficiency (ECE) of 8.52% for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), which is even better than that achieved with Pt CE (8.25%). This is the highest ECE reported for solid-state DSCs with conductive polymer CEs under 1 sun conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea-Yon Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering and Center for Next Generation Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Energy Engineering and Center for Next Generation Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering and Center for Next Generation Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Byung Su Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering and Center for Next Generation Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seul Chan Park
- Department of Energy Engineering and Center for Next Generation Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sungjin Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering and Center for Next Generation Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Eui Hyun Suh
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Jang
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong Soo Kang
- Department of Energy Engineering and Center for Next Generation Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Hanyang University , Seoul 04763, Korea
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Scholes GD, Bisquert J, Forsyth M, Mennucci B, Prezhdo O, Zaera F, Zwier T, Schatz GC. Editorial: 2017 in Perspective. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:138-140. [PMID: 30985123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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Abstract
A comprehensive overview of the development of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiao Pan
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Huashang Rao
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Iván Mora-Seró
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)
- Universitat Jaume I
- 12006 Castelló
- Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)
- Universitat Jaume I
- 12006 Castelló
- Spain
| | - Xinhua Zhong
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
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Li C, Guerrero A, Zhong Y, Gräser A, Luna CAM, Köhler J, Bisquert J, Hildner R, Huettner S. Real-Time Observation of Iodide Ion Migration in Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskites. Small 2017; 13. [PMID: 28945946 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites (e.g., CH3 NH3 PbI3-x Clx ) emerge as a promising optoelectronic material. However, the Shockley-Queisser limit for the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite-based photovoltaic devices is still not reached. Nonradiative recombination pathways may play a significant role and appear as photoluminescence (PL) inactive (or dark) areas on perovskite films. Although these observations are related to the presence of ions/defects, the underlying fundamental physics and detailed microscopic processes, concerning trap/defect status, ion migration, etc., still remain poorly understood. Here correlated wide-field PL microscopy and impedance spectroscopy are utilized on perovskite films to in situ investigate both the spatial and the temporal evolution of these PL inactive areas under external electric fields. The formation of PL inactive domains is attributed to the migration and accumulation of iodide ions under external fields. Hence, we are able to characterize the kinetic processes and determine the drift velocities of these ions. In addition, it is shown that I2 vapor directly affects the PL quenching of a perovskite film, which provides evidence that the migration/segregation of iodide ions plays an important role in the PL quenching and consequently limits the PCE of organometal halide-based perovskite photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Organic and Hybrid Electronics, Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castellö, Spain
| | - Yu Zhong
- Organic and Hybrid Electronics, Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anna Gräser
- Organic and Hybrid Electronics, Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Carlos Andres Melo Luna
- Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Photonics - CIBioFi, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Edificio 320 No. 1069, 760032, Cali, Colombia
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad del Valle, 760032, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castellö, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard Hildner
- Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sven Huettner
- Organic and Hybrid Electronics, Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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Ansari-Rad M, Bisquert J. Theory of Light-Modulated Emission Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3673-3677. [PMID: 28731351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells and fluorescent collectors formed by a dispersion of quantum dots in a transparent solid are paradigmatic devices for photon capture and utilization that involve the coupling of photon displacement, absorption and regeneration. In order to obtain information about the coupled photonic processes in systems involving photon recycling, we analyze the transfer function for modulated outgoing to incoming photon flux. We show the physical features of light-to-light impedance that reveals a trap-limited diffusion of photons coupled with the nonradiative recombination. The spectral shapes allow one to distinguish readily photonic recombination and diffusion kinetic phenomena and consequently to determine the physical parameters that control the system's quantum yield for photoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ansari-Rad
- Department of Physics, Shahrood University of Technology , Shahrood, Iran
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain
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Ghahremanirad E, Bou A, Olyaee S, Bisquert J. Inductive Loop in the Impedance Response of Perovskite Solar Cells Explained by Surface Polarization Model. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1402-1406. [PMID: 28287736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of perovskite solar cells by impedance spectroscopy has provided a rich variety of behaviors that demand adequate interpretation. Two main features have been reported: First, different impedance spectral arcs vary in combination; second, inductive loops and negative capacitance characteristics appear as an intrinsic property of the current configuration of perovskite solar cells. Here we adopt a previously developed surface polarization model based on the assumption of large electric and ionic charge accumulation at the external contact interface. Just from the equations of the model, the impedance spectroscopy response is calculated and explains the mentioned general features. The inductance element in the equivalent circuit is the result of the delay of the surface voltage and depends on the kinetic relaxation time. The model is therefore able to quantitatively describe exotic features of the perovskite solar cell and provides insight into the operation mechanisms of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Ghahremanirad
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain
- Nano-photonics and Optoelectronics Research Laboratory (NORLab), Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University , 16788-15811 Lavizan, Tehran, Iran
| | - Agustín Bou
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Saeed Olyaee
- Nano-photonics and Optoelectronics Research Laboratory (NORLab), Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University , 16788-15811 Lavizan, Tehran, Iran
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Rahman MM, Alfonso VG, Fabregat-Santiago F, Bisquert J, Asiri AM, Alshehri AA, Albar HA. Hydrazine sensors development based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a nanostructured TiO2 films by electrochemical approach. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ravishankar S, Almora O, Echeverría-Arrondo C, Ghahremanirad E, Aranda C, Guerrero A, Fabregat-Santiago F, Zaban A, Garcia-Belmonte G, Bisquert J. Surface Polarization Model for the Dynamic Hysteresis of Perovskite Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:915-921. [PMID: 28170275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic hysteresis of perovskite solar cells consists of the occurrence of significant deviations of the current density-voltage curve shapes depending on the specific conditions of measurement such as starting voltage, waiting time, scan rate, and other factors. Dynamic hysteresis is a serious impediment to stabilized and reliable measurement and operation of the perovskite solar cells. In this Letter, we formulate a model for the dynamic hysteresis based on the idea that the cell accumulates a huge quantity of surface electronic charge at forward bias that is released on voltage sweeping, causing extra current over the normal response. The charge shows a retarded dynamics due to the slow relaxation of the accompanying ionic charge, that produces variable shapes depending on scan rate or poling value and time. We show that the quantitative model provides a consistent description of experimental results and allows us to determine significant parameters of the perovskite solar cell for both the transient and steady-state performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandheep Ravishankar
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Osbel Almora
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | | | - Elnaz Ghahremanirad
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain
- Nano-photonics and Optoelectronics Research Laboratory (NORLab), Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University , 16788-15811 Lavizan, Tehran, Iran
| | - Clara Aranda
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | | | - Arie Zaban
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University , Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | | | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain
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