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Schoen JH, Burdette JH, West TG, Geer CP, Lipford ME, Sachs JR. Savings in CT Net Scan Energy Consumption: Assessment Using Dose Report Metrics and Comparison With Savings in Idle State Energy Consumption. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2024; 222:e2330189. [PMID: 37937836 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.23.30189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. CT scanners' net scan state (i.e., image acquisition period) represents a potential target for energy savings through protocol adjustments. However, gauging CT energy savings is difficult without installing costly energy monitors. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article was to assess correlations between CT dose report metrics and energy consumption during the system net scan state and to compare theoretic energy savings from matching percentage reductions in energy consumption during net scan and idle system states. METHODS. Current sensors were installed on a single CT scanner. A phantom was scanned at varying kilovoltage settings and effective tube current-rotation time settings. A retrospective assessment was performed in 32 patients (mean age, 61.2 ± 17.9 [SD] years; 17 men, 15 women) who underwent 32 single-energy noncontrast abdominopelvic CT examinations from September 22, 2021, to September 27, 2021, on the same scanner. Correlations between dose report metrics and net scan energy consumption were assessed in the phantom and clinical scans, and equations were generated to derive net scan energy consumption from DLP. An additional retrospective assessment was performed in 1355 patients (mean age, 59.3 ± 16.9 years; 663 men, 692 women) who underwent 1728 single-energy noncontrast abdominopelvic CT examinations from January 1, 2021, through December 31, 2021, on the same scanner to estimate net scan energy consumption per examination. This information was integrated with literature-derived values to compare estimated annual national energy savings resulting from 20% reductions in net scan and idle state energy consumption. RESULTS. Net scan energy consumption in the phantom scans showed high linear correlation with DLP (R2 = 0.87), and, in the clinical scans, high linear correlation with CTDIvol (R2 = 0.89) and very high linear correlation with DLP (R2 = 0.92). When combining mean DLP in examinations performed in the 1-year interval, an equation relating DLP and net scan energy consumption and literature values estimated that annual national energy savings was 14.9 times greater (40,437,870 kWh/2,704,000 kWh) by targeting the idle state rather than net scan state. CONCLUSION. CT net scan energy savings can be inferred from reductions in dose report metrics. However, targeting net scan energy consumption has modest impact relative to targeting idle state energy consumption. CLINICAL IMPACT. Environmental sustainability efforts should target the idle state energy consumption of CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Schoen
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Jonathan H Burdette
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Thomas G West
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Carol P Geer
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Megan E Lipford
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Jeffrey R Sachs
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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Zigmund B, Hijaz T, Northrup BE, Schoen JH, Hanneman K, Brown M, Dave P, Gross JS, Henry CE, Leschied JR, Maturen KE, Quirk CR, Woolen SA, Zalis ME, Scheel JR. Public Health Statement of the Association of University Radiologists Committee on Climate Change and Sustainability. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:2358-2361. [PMID: 37438160 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beth Zigmund
- Department of Radiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Larner College of Medicine, 111 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT 05401 (B.Z.).
| | - Tarek Hijaz
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois (T.H.)
| | | | - Julia H Schoen
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (J.H.S.)
| | - Kate Hanneman
- Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (K.M.)
| | - Maura Brown
- Diagnostic Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.B.)
| | - Priya Dave
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (P.D.)
| | - Jonathan S Gross
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Texas (J.S.G.)
| | - Cameron E Henry
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (C.E.H., J.R.L.)
| | - Jessica R Leschied
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (C.E.H., J.R.L.)
| | - Katherine E Maturen
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan (K.E.M.)
| | - Cody R Quirk
- Department of Radiology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (C.R.Q.)
| | - Sean A Woolen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.A.W.)
| | - Michael E Zalis
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (M.E.Z.)
| | - John R Scheel
- Vanderbilt Breast Center - Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (J.R.S.)
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Leschied JR, Maturen KE, Brown M, Hanneman K, Schoen JH, Zigmund B, Northrup BE, Gross JS, Dave P, Woolen SA, Henry C, Quirk CR, Hijaz TA, Zalis ME, Scheel JR. Letter to the Editor: Radiology Action for Climate Change. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:2435-2436. [PMID: 37230822 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Leschied
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.R.L., C.H., J.R.S.).
| | | | - Maura Brown
- Diagnostic Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada (M.B.)
| | - Kate Hanneman
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (K.H.)
| | - Julia H Schoen
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.H.S.)
| | - Beth Zigmund
- Department of Radiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT (B.Z.)
| | | | - Jonathan S Gross
- Interventional Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX (J.S.G.)
| | - Priya Dave
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (P.D.)
| | - Sean A Woolen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA (S.A.W.)
| | - Cameron Henry
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.R.L., C.H., J.R.S.)
| | - Cody R Quirk
- Department of Radiology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA (C.R.Q.)
| | - Tarek A Hijaz
- Deparment of Radiology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL (T.A.H.)
| | - Michael E Zalis
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (M.E.Z.)
| | - John R Scheel
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.R.L., C.H., J.R.S.)
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Schoen JH, Scheel JR. Planetary Health: Should We Care? J Am Coll Radiol 2023:S1546-1440(23)00511-2. [PMID: 37473856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of radiologic services and other health care produces a large amount of environmental pollution, which increases human morbidity and mortality. Planetary health looks for sustainable strategies to deliver high-quality health care and reduce environmental impact. Radiologists should consider the sustainability and resilience of their practice in the face of limited natural resources and increasing extreme weather events. Additionally, there is a strong business case for including planetary health in radiology given the financial benefits of sustainability efforts. The extent of radiology's environmental impact and the central role radiologists play in patient care should encourage radiologists to lead these efforts in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Schoen
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Co-Chair, ACR Task Force on Sustainability and Climate.
| | - John R Scheel
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Chair, Association of University Radiologists Task Force on Sustainability; Vice Chair of Global and Planetary Health. https://twitter.com/JohnRScheel
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Slanetz PJ, Schoen JH, Maturen KE, Zigmund B. Green Is Rad: Engaging Radiologists in Building More Sustainable Radiology Practices. J Am Coll Radiol 2023; 20:282-284. [PMID: 35397228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2022.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla J Slanetz
- Vice Chair, Academic Affairs and Associate Program Director, Diagnostic Radiology Residency, Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Director, Early Career Faculty Development and Co-Director of the Academic Writing Program, Boston University Medical Group, Boston, Massachusetts; President of Massachusetts Radiological Society; Vice President, Association of University Radiologists; and Subspecialty Chair, ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Breast Imaging Panels.
| | - Julia H Schoen
- Department of Radiology, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Chair, Radiologists for a Sustainable Future
| | - Katherine E Maturen
- Associate Chair for Ambulatory Care and Strategy, Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Board of Directors for the Society of Abdominal Radiology and the Board of Trustees for the American Board of Radiology
| | - Beth Zigmund
- Director, Lung Cancer Screening and Education Director, Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont; Department of Radiology, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont; and Leader, Advocacy Team for Radiologists for a Sustainable Future
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Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are beginning to receive attention as a source of pollution in aquatic environments. Yet the impact of physician prescription patterns on water resources is not often discussed in clinical decision making. Here, we comment on a case in which empiric antibiotic treatment might benefit a patient while simultaneously being detrimental to the aquatic environment. We first highlight the potential harm caused by this prescription from its production to its disposal. We then suggest that Van Rensselaer Potter's original conceptualization of bioethics can be used to balance clinicians' obligations to protect individual, public, and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Payal K Patel
- The medical director of antimicrobial stewardship at the Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and an assistant professor of infectious diseases at the University of Michigan
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Schoen JH. Some supplementary data concerning the central tegmental tract in man. Acta Morphol Neerl Scand 1972; 10:380-1. [PMID: 4657710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Schoen JH. The composition of the lemniscus medialis in man. Acta Morphol Neerl Scand 1971; 8:239-40. [PMID: 5554581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Schoen JH. The corticofugal projection on the brain stem and spinal cord in man. Psychiatr Neurol Neurochir 1969; 72:121-8. [PMID: 5766695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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