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Tonge NA, Lim MH, Piccirillo ML, Fernandez KC, Langer JK, Rodebaugh TL. Interpersonal problems in social anxiety disorder across different relational contexts. J Anxiety Disord 2020; 75:102275. [PMID: 32891027 PMCID: PMC7755155 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
People with social anxiety disorder (SAD) frequently report interpersonal problems across various domains; however, it is unclear whether these problems are observable by others or represent negatively biased self-report. We assessed the interpersonal problems of people with and without SAD using self-report, friend, and romantic partner report. We hypothesized that SAD diagnosis would predict self-reported problems across multiple interpersonal domains, but restricted domains of informant report. Additionally, we hypothesized that diagnosis would predict discrepancy between self and informant report either in the form of a bias toward reporting more problems or in the form of lack of concordance between self and informant reporters. Using structural equation and multilevel models, we found evidence for differences between people with and without SAD in terms of domains of impairment observed by self and informants as well as differences in correspondence across relationship types. Results highlight the utility of multi-informant assessment of SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle H. Lim
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | | | | | - Julia K. Langer
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis
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Langer JK, Tonge NA, Piccirillo M, Rodebaugh TL, Thompson RJ, Gotlib IH. Symptoms of social anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder: A network perspective. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:531-538. [PMID: 30292147 PMCID: PMC6202058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used network analyses to examine symptoms that may play a role in the co-occurrence of social anxiety disorder (SAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Whereas latent variable models examine relations among latent constructs, network analyses have the advantage of characterizing direct relations among the symptoms themselves. METHOD We conducted network modeling on symptoms of social anxiety and depression in a clinical sample of 130 women who met criteria for SAD, MDD, both disorders, or had no lifetime history of mental illness. RESULTS In the resulting network, the core symptoms of social fear and depressed mood appeared at opposite ends of the network and were weakly related; so-called "bridges" between these symptoms appeared to occur via intervening variables. In particular, the worthless variable appeared to play a central role in the network. LIMITATIONS Because our data were cross-sectional, we are unable to draw conclusions about the direction of these effects or whether these variables are related to each other prospectively. CONCLUSIONS Continued testing of these pathways using longitudinal data will help facilitate the development of more effective clinical interventions for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Langer
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Natasha A. Tonge
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Marilyn Piccirillo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Thomas L. Rodebaugh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Renee J. Thompson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis
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Levinson CA, Brosof LC, Vanzhula I, Christian C, Jones P, Rodebaugh TL, Langer JK, White EK, Warren C, Weeks JW, Menatti A, Lim MH, Fernandez KC. Social anxiety and eating disorder comorbidity and underlying vulnerabilities: Using network analysis to conceptualize comorbidity. Int J Eat Disord 2018; 51:693-709. [PMID: 30102777 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorders (EDs) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are highly co-occurring. This comorbidity is extremely relevant, given that individuals with comorbid ED-SAD are less likely to seek and/or benefit from ED treatment. METHOD We used network analysis to conceptualize ED-SAD comorbidity in a sample of 2,215 participants with a primary diagnosis of ED, SAD, or no known diagnosis. We used novel network analyses methods to select symptoms for our models, identify potential illness pathways (i.e., bridge symptoms) between disorders and underlying vulnerabilities (e.g., perfectionism, social appearance anxiety), and to compare across sample types (e.g., clinical vs. nonclinical). We also tested several novel network analyses methods aimed at the following methodological concerns: (a) topological concerns (i.e., which items should be included in NA models), (b) how to use empirical indices to quantify bridge symptoms and (c) what differences in networks across samples mean. RESULTS We found that difficulty with drinking beverages and eating in public were bridge symptoms between ED and SAD. We also found that feeling nervous about one's appearance was a bridge symptom. CONCLUSIONS We identified public eating and drinking as bridge symptoms between EDs and SAD. Future research is needed to test if interventions focused on public eating and drinking might decrease symptoms of both EDs and SAD. Researchers can use this study (code provided) as an exemplar for how to use network analysis, as well as to use network analysis to conceptualize ED comorbidity and compare network structure and density across samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheri A Levinson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
| | - Leigh C Brosof
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
| | - Irina Vanzhula
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
| | - Caroline Christian
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
| | - Payton Jones
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas L Rodebaugh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Julia K Langer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Emily K White
- Neurological Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Cortney Warren
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Justin W Weeks
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andrew Menatti
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michelle H Lim
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Katya C Fernandez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Mörén L, Perryman R, Crook T, Langer JK, Oneill K, Syed N, Antti H. Correction to: Metabolomic profiling identifies distinct phenotypes for ASS1 positive and negative GBM. BMC Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29519248 PMCID: PMC5844079 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Mörén
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard Perryman
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Crook
- St Luke's Cancer Centre, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Julia K Langer
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Oneill
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nelofer Syed
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Henrik Antti
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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Mörén L, Perryman R, Crook T, Langer JK, Oneill K, Syed N, Antti H. Metabolomic profiling identifies distinct phenotypes for ASS1 positive and negative GBM. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:167. [PMID: 29422017 PMCID: PMC5806242 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumour cells have a high demand for arginine. However, a subset of glioblastomas has a defect in the arginine biosynthetic pathway due to epigenetic silencing of the rate limiting enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1). These tumours are auxotrophic for arginine and susceptible to the arginine degrading enzyme, pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20). Moreover, ASS1 deficient GBM have a worse prognosis compared to ASS1 positive tumours. Since altered tumour metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer we were interested to determine if these two subtypes exhibited different metabolic profiles that could allow for their non-invasive detection as well as unveil additional novel therapeutic opportunities. Methods We looked for basal metabolic differences using one and two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (1D/2D GC-TOFMS) followed by targeted analysis of 29 amino acids using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOFMS). We also looked for differences upon arginine deprivation in a single ASS1 negative and positive cell line (SNB19 and U87 respectively). The acquired data was evaluated by chemometric based bioinformatic methods. Results Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) of both the 1D and 2D GC-TOFMS data revealed significant systematic difference in metabolites between the two subgroups with ASS1 positive cells generally exhibiting an overall elevation of identified metabolites, including those involved in the arginine biosynthetic pathway. Pathway and network analysis of the metabolite profile show that ASS1 negative cells have altered arginine and citrulline metabolism as well as altered amino acid metabolism. As expected, we observed significant metabolite perturbations in ASS negative cells in response to ADI-PEG20 treatment. Conclusions This study has highlighted significant differences in the metabolome of ASS1 negative and positive GBM which warrants further study to determine their diagnostic and therapeutic potential for the treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Mörén
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard Perryman
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Crook
- St Luke's Cancer Centre, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Julia K Langer
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Oneill
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nelofer Syed
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Henrik Antti
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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Rodebaugh TL, Levinson CA, Langer JK, Weeks JW, Heimberg RG, Brown PJ, Menatti AR, Schneier FR, Blanco C, Liebowitz MR. The structure of vulnerabilities for social anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Res 2017; 250:297-301. [PMID: 28199950 PMCID: PMC5346047 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder symptoms are generally proposed to be related to broad temperamental vulnerabilities (e.g., a low level of approach and high level of avoidance temperament), specific psychological vulnerabilities (e.g., fears of negative and positive evaluation), and additional disorders (e.g., major depressive disorder). However, existing tests of such a model have either not considered depressive symptoms or relied on samples of undergraduates. We examined these and related questions via a latent variable model in a large dataset (N=2253) that combined participants across a variety of studies. The model had adequate fit in the whole sample, and good fit in a subsample in which more participants completed the depression measure. The model indicated that low level of approach and high level of avoidance temperament contributed to fears of evaluation and social anxiety symptoms, and that fears of evaluation additionally contributed independently to social anxiety symptoms. The relationship between social anxiety and depressive symptoms was entirely accounted for by these vulnerabilities: Depressive symptoms were only predicted by avoidance temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Rodebaugh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Cheri A Levinson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julia K Langer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Justin W Weeks
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | - Patrick J Brown
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Franklin R Schneier
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Anxiety Disorders Clinic, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Anxiety Disorders Clinic, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Although there is substantial support for the validity of the diagnosis of ADHD, there is considerable disagreement about how to best capture developmental changes in the expression of ADHD symptomatology. The current paper examines the associations among the 18 individual ADHD symptoms using a novel network analysis approach, from preschool to adulthood. The 1,420 participants were grouped into four age brackets: Preschool (age 3-6, n = 109), childhood (age 6-12, n = 548), adolescence (age 13-17, n = 357), and young adulthood (age 18-36, n = 406). All participants completed a multi-stage, multi-informant diagnostic process, and self and informant symptom ratings were obtained. Network analysis indicated ADHD symptom structure became more differentiated over development. Two symptoms Often easily distracted and Difficulty sustaining attention appeared as central, or core, symptoms across all age groups. Thus, a small number of core symptoms may warrant extra weighting in future diagnostic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia K Langer
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Psychiatry Department, Oregon Health & Science University
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Langer JK, Lim MH, Fernandez KC, Rodebaugh TL. Social Anxiety Disorder is Associated with Reduced Eye Contact During Conversation Primed for Conflict. Cogn Ther Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-016-9813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rodebaugh TL, Scullin RB, Langer JK, Dixon DJ, Huppert JD, Bernstein A, Zvielli A, Lenze EJ. Unreliability as a threat to understanding psychopathology: The cautionary tale of attentional bias. J Abnorm Psychol 2016; 125:840-51. [PMID: 27322741 PMCID: PMC4980228 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of unreliable measures constitutes a threat to our understanding of psychopathology, because advancement of science using both behavioral and biologically oriented measures can only be certain if such measurements are reliable. Two pillars of the National Institute of Mental Health's portfolio-the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative for psychopathology and the target engagement initiative in clinical trials-cannot succeed without measures that possess the high reliability necessary for tests involving mediation and selection based on individual differences. We focus on the historical lack of reliability of attentional bias measures as an illustration of how reliability can pose a threat to our understanding. Our own data replicate previous findings of poor reliability for traditionally used scores, which suggests a serious problem with the ability to test theories regarding attentional bias. This lack of reliability may also suggest problems with the assumption (in both theory and the formula for the scores) that attentional bias is consistent and stable across time. In contrast, measures accounting for attention as a dynamic process in time show good reliability in our data. The field is sorely in need of research reporting findings and reliability for attentional bias scores using multiple methods, including those focusing on dynamic processes over time. We urge researchers to test and report reliability of all measures, considering findings of low reliability not just as a nuisance but as an opportunity to modify and improve upon the underlying theory. Full assessment of reliability of measures will maximize the possibility that RDoC (and psychological science more generally) will succeed. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Rodebaugh TL, Lim MH, Fernandez KC, Langer JK, Weisman JS, Tonge N, Levinson CA, Shumaker EA. Self and friend's differing views of social anxiety disorder's effects on friendships. J Abnorm Psychol 2014; 123:715-24. [PMID: 25314261 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder is known to be associated with self-report of global friendship quality. However, information about specific friendships, as well as information beyond self-report, is lacking. Such information is crucial, because known biases in information processing related to social anxiety disorder render global self-ratings particularly difficult to interpret. We examined these issues focusing on diagnosed participants (n = 77) compared with community control participants (n = 63). We examined self-report regarding global (i.e., overall) friendship quality and a specific friendship's quality; in addition, we examined friend-report of that friendship's quality. Results suggested that social anxiety disorder has a negative impact on self-perception of friendship quality for a specific friendship, but that this effect is less evident as reported by the friends. Specifically, social anxiety disorder was associated with a tendency to report worse friendship quality in comparison to friend-report, particularly in participants who were younger or had less long-lasting friendships. However, friend-report did show clear differences based on diagnostic group, with friends reporting participants with social anxiety disorder to be less dominant in the friendship and less well-adjusted. Overall, the findings are consistent with results of other studies indicating that social anxiety disorder has a strong association with self-ratings of impairment, but that these ratings appear out of proportion with the report of observers (in this case, friends).
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Langer JK, Weisman JS, Rodebaugh TL, Binder EF, Lenze EJ. Short-term affective recovery from hip fracture prospectively predicts depression and physical functioning. Health Psychol 2014; 34:30-9. [PMID: 25133825 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goals of the current study were to determine the average affective experiences in the weeks and months after a hip fracture and assess how these experiences relate to physical and mental health functioning over time. METHOD Positive and negative affect were assessed over time in a sample of older adults recruited after surgery for hip fracture (n = 500) and a comparison sample of older adults without hip fracture (n = 102) for 1 year longitudinally. RESULTS For most of the individuals with a hip fracture, positive affect tended to increase over time and negative affect tended to decrease over time, suggesting that most people had at least some recovery of affect. In addition, individuals who showed a slower decrease in negative affect had higher levels of depression 1 year later, and individuals who showed a sharper increase in positive affect had superior physical function 1 year later. CONCLUSION The current study provides evidence that both positive and negative affect in the first 12 weeks of recovery from hip fracture are potential targets for intervention to maximize psychological and physical recovery in the ensuing year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Langer
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | | | | | - Ellen F Binder
- Internal Medicine/Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Eric J Lenze
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis
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Langer JK, Rodebaugh TL, Menatti AR, Weeks JW, Schneier FR. Psychometric properties of the gaze anxiety rating scale: convergent, discriminant, and factorial validity. Cogn Behav Ther 2014; 43:49-59. [PMID: 23815516 PMCID: PMC9745673 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2013.804116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fear and avoidance of gaze are two features thought to be associated with problematic social anxiety. Avoidance of eye contact has been linked with such undesirable traits as deceptiveness, insincerity, and lower self-esteem. The Gaze Anxiety Rating Scale (GARS) is a self-report measure designed to assess gaze anxiety and avoidance, but its psychometric properties have only been assessed in one preliminary study. We further investigated psychometric properties of the GARS by assessing convergent and factorial validity. We obtained a two-factor solution: gaze anxiety and avoidance across situations (1) in general (GARS-General) and (2) related to dominance communication (GARS-Dominance). The GARS-General factor related more strongly to social anxiety than the GARS-Dominance, and convergent validity of the factors was supported by expected relationships with personality and social anxiety variables. Our results indicate that the GARS subscales are psychometrically valid measures of gaze aversion, supporting their use in future study of the relationship between social anxiety and eye contact behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Langer
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Thomas L. Rodebaugh
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA;,Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, USA
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Myatt SS, Kongsema M, Man CWY, Kelly DJ, Gomes AR, Khongkow P, Karunarathna U, Zona S, Langer JK, Dunsby CW, Coombes RC, French PM, Brosens JJ, Lam EWF. SUMOylation inhibits FOXM1 activity and delays mitotic transition. Oncogene 2013; 33:4316-29. [PMID: 24362530 PMCID: PMC4096495 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The forkhead box transcription factor FOXM1 is an essential effector of G2/M-phase transition, mitosis and the DNA damage response. As such, it is frequently deregulated during tumorigenesis. Here we report that FOXM1 is dynamically modified by SUMO1 but not by SUMO2/3 at multiple sites. We show that FOXM1 SUMOylation is enhanced in MCF-7 breast cancer cells in response to treatment with epirubicin and mitotic inhibitors. Mutation of five consensus conjugation motifs yielded a SUMOylation-deficient mutant FOXM1. Conversely, fusion of the E2 ligase Ubc9 to FOXM1 generated an auto-SUMOylating mutant (FOXM1-Ubc9). Analysis of wild-type FOXM1 and mutants revealed that SUMOylation inhibits FOXM1 activity, promotes translocation to the cytoplasm and enhances APC/Cdh1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Further, expression of the SUMOylation-deficient mutant enhanced cell proliferation compared with wild-type FOXM1, whereas the FOXM1-Ubc9 fusion protein resulted in persistent cyclin B1 expression and slowed the time from mitotic entry to exit. In summary, our findings suggest that SUMOylation attenuates FOXM1 activity and causes mitotic delay in cytotoxic drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Myatt
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - M Kongsema
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - C W-Y Man
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - D J Kelly
- 1] Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK [2] Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A R Gomes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - P Khongkow
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - U Karunarathna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - S Zona
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - J K Langer
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - C W Dunsby
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R C Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - P M French
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J J Brosens
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
| | - E W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
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Fernandez KC, Langer JK, Rodebaugh TL, Jakatdar TA, Heimberg RG, Lenze EJ. Validation of the Ambivalent and Purposeful Engagement – Trait Measure. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping 2013; 27:317-34. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2013.838228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rodebaugh TL, Shumaker EA, Levinson CA, Fernandez KC, Langer JK, Lim MH, Yarkoni T. Interpersonal constraint conferred by generalized social anxiety disorder is evident on a behavioral economics task. J Abnorm Psychol 2012; 122:39-44. [PMID: 23231458 DOI: 10.1037/a0030975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although social anxiety disorder appears to confer impairment in friendships, evidence beyond self-report is minimal. We used the flexible iterated prisoner's dilemma as a simulated interaction with a friend with 27 individuals with the generalized type of social anxiety disorder and 23 demographically equivalent individuals without the disorder. Participants with generalized social anxiety disorder were less giving on the task. Lower giving was also moderately associated with interpersonal variables (e.g., coldness). A trend was also found for participants with generalized social anxiety disorder to show lower assertiveness on the task. The connection between generalized social anxiety disorder and friendship impairment appears likely to be partially explained by interpersonal constraint that is perceived by others as coldness and manifests in a behavioral economics task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Rodebaugh
- Department of Psychology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Rodebaugh TL, Weeks JW, Gordon EA, Langer JK, Heimberg RG. The longitudinal relationship between fear of positive evaluation and fear of negative evaluation. Anxiety, Stress & Coping 2012; 25:167-82. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2011.569709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Millour J, de Olano N, Horimoto Y, Monteiro LJ, Langer JK, Aligue R, Hajji N, Lam EWF. ATM and p53 regulate FOXM1 expression via E2F in breast cancer epirubicin treatment and resistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:1046-58. [PMID: 21518729 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we investigated the role and regulation of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) in breast cancer and epirubicin resistance. We generated epirubicin-resistant MCF-7 breast carcinoma (MCF-7-EPI(R)) cells and found FOXM1 protein levels to be higher in MCF-7-EPI(R) than in MCF-7 cells and that FOXM1 expression is downregulated by epirubicin in MCF-7 but not in MCF-7-EPI(R) cells. We also established that there is a loss of p53 function in MCF-7-EPI(R) cells and that epirubicin represses FOXM1 expression at transcription and gene promoter levels through activation of p53 and repression of E2F activity in MCF-7 cells. Using p53(-/-) mouse embryo fibroblasts, we showed that p53 is important for epirubicin sensitivity. Moreover, transient promoter transfection assays showed that epirubicin and its cellular effectors p53 and E2F1 modulate FOXM1 transcription through an E2F-binding site located within the proximal promoter region. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis also revealed that epirubicin treatment increases pRB (retinoblastoma protein) and decreases E2F1 recruitment to the FOXM1 promoter region containing the E2F site. We also found ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein and mRNA to be overexpressed in the resistant MCF-7-EPI(R) cells compared with MCF-7 cells and that epirubicin could activate ATM to promote E2F activity and FOXM1 expression. Furthermore, inhibition of ATM in U2OS cells with caffeine or depletion of ATM in MCF-7-EPI(R) with short interfering RNAs can resensitize these resistant cells to epirubicin, resulting in downregulation of E2F1 and FOXM1 expression and cell death. In summary, our data show that ATM and p53 coordinately regulate FOXM1 via E2F to modulate epirubicin response and resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Millour
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery andCancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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Rodebaugh TL, Klein SR, Yarkoni T, Langer JK. Measuring social anxiety related interpersonal constraint with the flexible iterated prisoner's dilemma. J Anxiety Disord 2011; 25:427-36. [PMID: 21145203 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Data from self-report and observational studies make it clear that problematic social anxiety confers interpersonal constraint that may contribute to the interpersonal dysfunction reported by individuals with social anxiety disorder. Direct observation of interpersonal behavior in established relationships is rare and difficult to obtain for practical reasons. We tested a flexible iterated prisoner's dilemma computer task to examine whether it might capture interpersonal constraint related to social anxiety. Our first study suggested that, at least for men, the task directly captures social anxiety's constraint on responses to friendly giving. Our second study more strongly supported the assertion that the task directly assesses interpersonal constraint. The data support a model in which social anxiety directly confers trait-like tendencies toward interpersonal constraint and indirectly constrains behavior in specific interactions. These studies provide further evidence that constrained responses to positive social behaviors are characteristic of people with problematic social anxiety and may be particularly important to dysfunctions in the close relationships of these individuals.
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