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Liu K, Kadannagari S, Deruiter J, Pathak S, Abbott KL, Salamat JM, Pondugula SR, Akingbemi BT, Dhanasekaran M. Effects of developmental exposures to Bisphenol-A and Bisphenol-S on hepatocellular function in male Long-Evans rats. Life Sci 2023; 326:121752. [PMID: 37172818 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-S (BPS) is a current substitute for Bisphenol-A (BPA) in various commercial products (paper, plastics, protective can-coatings, etc.) used by all age groups globally. The current literature indicates that a drastic surge in pro-oxidants, pro-apoptotic, and pro-inflammatory biomarkers in combination with diminished mitochondrial activity can potentially decrease hepatic function leading to morbidity and mortality. Consequently, there are increasing public health concerns that substantial Bisphenol-mediated effects may impact hepatocellular functions, particularly in newborns exposed to BPA and BPS postnatally. However, the acute postnatal impact of BPA and BPS and the molecular mechanisms affecting hepatocellular functions are unknown. Therefore, the current study investigated the acute postnatal effect of BPA and BPS on the biomarkers of hepatocellular functions, including oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial activity in male Long-Evans rats. BPA and BPS (5 and 20 microgram/Liter (μg/L) of drinking water) were administered to 21-day-old male rats for 14 days. BPS had no significant effect on apoptosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial function but significantly reduced the reactive oxygen species (51-60 %, **p < 0.01) and nitrite content (36 %, *p < 0.05), exhibiting hepatoprotective effects. As expected, based on the current scientific literature, BPA induced significant hepatoxicity, as seen by significant glutathione depletion (50 %, *p < 0.05). The in-silico analysis indicated that BPS is effectively absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract without crossing the blood-brain barrier (whereas BPA crosses the blood-brain barrier) and is not a substrate of p-Glycoprotein and Cytochrome P450 enzymes. Thus, the current in-silico and in vivo findings revealed that acute postnatal exposure to BPS had no significant hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Liu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Surekha Kadannagari
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Jack Deruiter
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Suhrud Pathak
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL, USA
| | - Kodye L Abbott
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Julia M Salamat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Satyanarayana R Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Benson T Akingbemi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Abbott K, Salamat JM, Flannery PC, Chaudhury CS, Chandran A, Vishveshwara S, Mani S, Huang J, Tiwari AK, Pondugula SR. Gefitinib Inhibits Rifampicin-Induced CYP3A4 Gene Expression in Human Hepatocytes. ACS Omega 2022; 7:34034-34044. [PMID: 36188260 PMCID: PMC9520547 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During multidrug combination chemotherapy, activation of the nuclear receptor and the transcription factor human pregnane xenobiotic receptor (hPXR) has been shown to play a role in the development of chemoresistance. Mechanistically, this could occur due to the cancer drug activation of hPXR and the subsequent upregulation of hPXR target genes such as the drug metabolism enzyme, cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). In the context of hPXR-mediated drug resistance, hPXR antagonists would be useful adjuncts to PXR-activating chemotherapy. However, there are currently no clinically approved hPXR antagonists in the market. Gefitinib (GEF), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and effectively used in combinational chemotherapy treatments, is a promising candidate owing to its hPXR ligand-like features. We, therefore, investigated whether GEF would act as an hPXR antagonist when combined with a known hPXR agonist, rifampicin (RIF). At therapeutically relevant concentrations, GEF successfully inhibited the RIF-induced upregulation of endogenous CYP3A4 gene expression in human primary hepatocytes and human hepatocells. Additionally, GEF inhibited the RIF induction of hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 promoter activity in HepG2 human liver carcinoma cells. The computational modeling of molecular docking predicted that GEF could bind to multiple sites on hPXR including the ligand-binding pocket, allowing for potential as a direct antagonist as well as an allosteric inhibitor. Indeed, GEF bound to the ligand-binding domain of the hPXR in cell-free assays, suggesting that GEF directly interacts with the hPXR. Taken together, our results suggest that GEF, at its clinically relevant therapeutic concentration, can antagonize the hPXR agonist-induced CYP3A4 gene expression in human hepatocytes. Thus, GEF could be a potential candidate for use in combinational chemotherapies to combat hPXR agonist-induced chemoresistance. Further studies are warranted to determine whether GEF has sufficient hPXR inhibitor abilities to overcome the hPXR agonist-induced chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodye
L. Abbott
- Department
of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Auburn
University Research Initiative in Cancer, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Salk
Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Julia M. Salamat
- Department
of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Auburn
University Research Initiative in Cancer, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Patrick C. Flannery
- Department
of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Auburn
University Research Initiative in Cancer, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Salk
Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chloe S. Chaudhury
- Department
of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Auburn
University Research Initiative in Cancer, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Aneesh Chandran
- Department
of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur
University, Kannur, Kerala 670661, India
| | | | - Sridhar Mani
- Albert Einstein
Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, New York 10461, United States
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Salk
Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Center
of Medical Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 306, United Arab Emirates
- Department
of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
- Department
of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of
Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United
States
| | - Satyanarayana R. Pondugula
- Department
of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Auburn
University Research Initiative in Cancer, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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3
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Zheng HS, Daniel JG, Salamat JM, Mackay L, Foradori CD, Kemppainen RJ, Pondugula SR, Tao YX, Huang CCJ. Early transcriptomic response of mouse adrenal gland and Y-1 cells to dexamethasone. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-22-0064. [PMID: 35904237 PMCID: PMC9346337 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have short- and long-term effects on adrenal gland function and development. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify early transcriptomic responses to the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (Dex), in vitro and in vivo. In total, 1711 genes were differentially expressed in the adrenal glands of the 1-h Dex-treated mice. Among them, only 113 were also considered differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in murine adrenocortical Y-1 cells treated with Dex for 1 h. Gene ontology analysis showed that the upregulated DEGs in the adrenal gland of the 1-h Dex-treated mice were highly associated with the development of neuronal cells, suggesting the adrenal medulla had a rapid response to Dex. Interestingly, only 4.3% of Dex-responsive genes in the Y-1 cell line under Dex treatment for 1 h were differentially expressed under Dex treatment for 24 h. The heatmaps revealed that most early responsive DEGs in Y-1 cells during 1 h of treatment exhibited a transient response. The expression of these genes under treatment for 24 h returned to basal levels similar to that during control treatment. In summary, this research compared the rapid transcriptomic effects of Dex stimulation in vivo and in vitro. Notably, adrenocortical Y-1 cells had a transient early response to Dex treatment. Furthermore, the DEGs had a minimal overlap in the 1-h Dex-treated group in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifei Sophia Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Jeffrey G Daniel
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Julia M Salamat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Laci Mackay
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Chad D Foradori
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Robert J Kemppainen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Satyanarayana R Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Chen-Che Jeff Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
- Correspondence should be addressed to C-C J Huang:
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Pondugula SR, Harshan A, Ramesh S, Govindarajulu M, Almaghrabi M, Majrashi M, Abbott KL, Nadar R, Alturki M, Salamat JM, Smith F, Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Moore T, Ren J, Dhanasekaran M. Cardioprotective Effects of Oroxylum indicum Extract Against Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:67-77. [PMID: 34623620 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Administration of Chemotherapeutics, especially doxorubicin (DOX) and cyclophosphamide (CPS), is commonly associated with adverse effects such as myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity. At this time, few approved therapeutic options are currently available for the management of chemotherapy-associated cardiotoxicity. Thus, identification of novel therapeutics with potent cardioprotective properties and minimal adverse effects are pertinent in treating Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity. Oroxylum indicum extract (OIE, Sabroxy®) is a natural product known to possess several beneficial biological functions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. We therefore set to investigate the cardioprotective effects of OIE against Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity and explore the potential cardioprotective mechanisms involved. Adult male mice were treated with DOX and CPS in combination, OIE alone, or a combination of OIE and DOX & CPS. Swimming test was performed to assess cardiac function. Markers of oxidative stress were assessed by levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrite, hydrogen peroxide, catalase, and glutathione content. The activity of interleukin converting enzyme and cyclooxygenase was determined as markers of inflammation. Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring Complex-I activity. Apoptosis was assessed by Caspase-3 and protease activity. Mice treated with DOX and CPS exhibited reduced swim rate, increased oxidative stress, increased inflammation, and apoptosis in the heart tissue. These cardiotoxic effects were significantly reduced by co-administration of OIE. Furthermore, computational molecular docking studies revealed potential binding of DOX and CPS to tyrosine hydroxylase which validated our in vivo findings regarding the inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Our current findings indicated that OIE counteracts Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity-through inhibition of ROS-mediated apoptosis and by blocking the effect on tyrosine hydroxylase. Taken together, our findings suggested that OIE possesses cardioprotective effects to counteract potentially fatal cardiac complications associated with chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana R Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Aisha Harshan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Mohammed Almaghrabi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23881, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kodye L Abbott
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Rishi Nadar
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Mansour Alturki
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Julia M Salamat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Forrest Smith
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Muhammed Majeed
- Sabinsa Corporation, 20 Lake Drive, East Windsor, NJ, 08520, USA
| | | | - Timothy Moore
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Pondugula SR, Salamat JM, Abbott KL, Flannery PC, Majrashi M, Almaghrabi M, Govindarajulu M, Ramesh S, Sandey M, Onteru SK, Huang CCJ, Iwaki Y, Gill K, Narayanan N, McElroy E, Desai D, Nadar R, Moore T, Dhanasekaran M. A clinically relevant combination treatment with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide does not induce hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6J mice. Liver Res 2021; 5:239-242. [PMID: 34900377 PMCID: PMC8663913 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Chronic exposure to chemotherapeutics can lead to severe adverse events including hepatotoxicity. A combination chemotherapy regimen of doxorubicin (DOX) and cyclophosphamide (CPS) is employed in treatment of several cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, and breast cancer. It is not well understood whether a combination therapy of DOX and CPS can induce hepatotoxicity. We therefore sought to determine whether co-administration of DOX and CPS at their clinically relevant doses and frequency results in hepatotoxicity. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice received one intraperitoneal injection of saline or DOX-2mg /kg and CPS-50mg/kg once a week for 4 weeks. After the treatment period, liver histology and various serum biomarkers of hepatotoxicity were assessed. RESULTS Co-treatment of DOX and CPS did not alter the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, albumin, globulin, or total protein. Similarly, co-administration of DOX and CPS did not result in a noticeable change in liver histology. However, it was notable that the concomitant treatment with DOX and CPS resulted in a significant increase in serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Elevated serum AST levels were also associated with increased serum creatinine kinase (CK) levels, suggesting that the elevated serum AST levels are likely due to muscle injury following the co-administration of DOX and CPS. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results, for the first time, suggest that co-administration of DOX and CPS, at their clinically relevant doses and frequency does not induce a significant hepatotoxicity in the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana R Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA,Corresponding Authors: Satyanarayana R. Pondugula, DVM, PhD, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, Phone: 334-844-8505, Fax: 334-844-4542, , Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran, M.Pharm., PG. DPM & IR, Ph.D, Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, , Phone: 334-844-8327
| | - Julia M Salamat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kodye L Abbott
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Patrick C Flannery
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Mohammed Almaghrabi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Suneel K Onteru
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Chen-Che J Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yoshimi Iwaki
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kristina Gill
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Natasha Narayanan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Edwin McElroy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Darshini Desai
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rishi Nadar
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Timothy Moore
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA,Corresponding Authors: Satyanarayana R. Pondugula, DVM, PhD, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, Phone: 334-844-8505, Fax: 334-844-4542, , Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran, M.Pharm., PG. DPM & IR, Ph.D, Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, , Phone: 334-844-8327
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Pondugula SR, Salamat JM, Abbott KL, Flannery PC, Majrashi M, Almaghrabi M, Govindarajulu M, Ramesh S, Onteru SK, Sandey M, Huang CC, Gill K, Narayanan N, McElroy E, Desai D, Nadar R, Moore T, Nagabhushanam K, Majeed M, Dhanasekaran M. Oroxylum indicum extract, at a physiologically relevant dosage, does not induce hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6J mice. Nat Prod Commun 2021; 16. [PMID: 34306298 DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211016966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Botanical supplements have been proven to provide beneficial health effects. However, they can induce unintended adverse events such as hepatotoxicity. Oroxylum indicum extract (OIE, Sabroxy®) has several health benefits including anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antifungal, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects. It is currently unknown whether OIE has the potential to induce hepatotoxicity. Purpose In the current study, we sought to determine whether OIE can induce hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6J mouse model. Methods The male mice were fed powdered rodent food (control group) or powdered rodent food mixed with OIE (Sabroxy®, 500mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks. Following the treatment, we assessed liver histology and serum levels of biomarkers commonly associated with liver damage, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Results No significant alterations were observed in liver histology, and serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, albumin, globulin and total protein in the OIE fed mice compared to the control mice. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest that OIE, when fed at its physiologically relevant dosage, does not induce hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana R Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Julia M Salamat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kodye L Abbott
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Patrick C Flannery
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Mohammed Almaghrabi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Suneel K Onteru
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn Univeristy, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chen-Che Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kristina Gill
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Natasha Narayanan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Edwin McElroy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Darshini Desai
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rishi Nadar
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Timothy Moore
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | | | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Salamat JM, Abbott KL, Flannery PC, Pondugula SR. Dysregulation of Endobiotic Homeostasis Mechanisms: Novel Insights into Adverse Pharmacokinetic Interactions between Illicit Substances and Clinical Drugs. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4021-4023. [PMID: 33232117 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with a variety of medical conditions take illicit substances concomitantly with clinical drugs. This concomitant usage can lead to life-threatening adverse events. Despite the evidence that these adverse events can be caused by pharmacokinetic interactions, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Investigation of mechanisms involved in dysregulation of endobiotic homeostasis during the concomitant usage of illicit substances with clinical drugs could provide novel insights into pharmacokinetic mechanisms of adverse interactions between illicit substances and clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Salamat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Auburn University Research Initiative in Cancer, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Kodye L. Abbott
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Auburn University Research Initiative in Cancer, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Patrick C. Flannery
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, Colorado 80134, United States
| | - Satyanarayana R. Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Auburn University Research Initiative in Cancer, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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Salamat JM, Abbott KL, Majrashi M, Almaghrabi M, Govindarajulu M, Ramesh S, Gill K, Fahoury E, Narayanan N, Desai D, Nadar R, McElroy E, Moore T, Nagabhushanam K, Majeed M, Pondugula S, Dhanasekaran M. Oroxylum indicum
extract does not induce hepatotoxicity in mice. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.07406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abbott KL, Salamat JM, Flannery PC, Chaudhury CS, Narayanan N, Chandran A, Vishveshwara S, Mani S, Pondugula SR. Gefitinib, at Its Clinically Relevant Concentrations, Inhibits Rifampicin‐Induced CYP3A4 Gene Expression in Human Hepatocytes. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.07255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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