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Riddell J, Cleary A, Dean JA, Flowers P, Heard E, Inch Z, Mutch A, Fitzgerald L, McDaid L. Social marketing and mass media interventions to increase sexually transmissible infections (STIs) testing among young people: social marketing and visual design component analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:620. [PMID: 38408945 PMCID: PMC10898181 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, sexually transmissible infections (STIs) continue to disproportionately affect young people. Regular STI testing is an important public health strategy but remains low among this age group. Raising awareness of testing is an essential step and requires effective interventions designed for young people. To inform the development of effective interventions that promote STI testing among young people, we conducted a systematic literature review to describe the social marketing and visual design components commonly found in STI testing interventions and explore associations of these components with intervention effectiveness. METHODS We used a systemic review methodology to identify peer-reviewed articles that met pre-defined inclusion criteria. Social marketing and visual component analyses were conducted using structured data extraction tools and coding schemes, based on the eight key social marketing principles and 28 descriptive dimensions for visual analysis. RESULTS 18 studies focusing on 13 separate interventions met the inclusion criteria. Most interventions used photograph-based images, using conventionally attractive actors, positioned centrally and making direct eye contact to engage the viewer. The majority of interventions featured text sparingly and drew on a range of tones (e.g. serious, humorous, positive, reassuring, empowering and informative) and three interventions used sexualised content. Four articles explicitly stated that the interventions was informed by social marketing principles, with two explicitly referencing all eight principles. Around half of the articles reported using a formal theoretical framework, but most were considered to have theoretical constructs implicit in interventions materials. Four articles provided detailed information regarding developmental consumer research or pre-testing. All articles suggested segmentation and development of materials specifically for young people. Explicit consideration of motivation and competition was lacking across all articles. This study found that there were some design elements common to interventions which were considered more effective. High social marketing complexity (where interventions met at least seven of the 11 criteria for complexity) seemed to be associated with more effective interventions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the incorporation of social marketing principles, could be more important for intervention effectiveness than specific elements of visual design. Effective and systematic use of social marketing principles may help to inform future evidence-informed and theoretically based interventions and should be employed within sexual health improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Anne Cleary
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Judith A Dean
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | | | - Emma Heard
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Griffith University, Creative Arts Research Institute, Southport, Australia
| | - Zeb Inch
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Allyson Mutch
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Lisa Fitzgerald
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Lisa McDaid
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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Dema E, Conolly A, Willis M, Copas AJ, Clifton S, Blake M, Riddell J, Bosó Pérez R, Tanton C, Bonell C, Sonnenberg P, Mercer CH, Mitchell KR, Field N. Methodology of Natsal-COVID Wave 2: A large, quasi-representative, longitudinal survey measuring the impact of COVID-19 on sexual and reproductive health in Britain. Wellcome Open Res 2024; 7:166. [PMID: 37794900 PMCID: PMC10545983 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17850.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles COVID study (Natsal-COVID) was designed to understand the impact of COVID-19 on Britain's sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Natsal-COVID Wave 1 survey and qualitative follow-up interviews were conducted in 2020. The Wave 2 survey was designed to capture one-year prevalence estimates for key SRH outcomes and measure changes over the first year of the pandemic. We describe the Wave 2 survey methodology and assess the sample representativeness. Methods Natsal-COVID Wave 2 was conducted March-April 2021; approximately one year after the start of Britain's first national lockdown. Data were collected using an online web-panel survey administered by Ipsos. The sample comprised a longitudinal sample of Wave 1 participants who had agreed to re-contact plus a sample of participants residing in Britain, aged 18-59, including a boost sample comprising people aged 18-29. Questions covered reproductive health, relationships, sexual behaviour and SRH service use. Quotas and weighting were used to achieve a quasi-representative sample of the British population. Comparisons were made with recent national probability surveys, Natsal-3 (2010-12) and Natsal-COVID Wave 1 to understand bias. Results A total of 6,658 individuals completed the survey. In terms of gender, age, ethnicity, and rurality, the weighted Natsal-COVID Wave 2 sample was like the general population. Participants were less likely to be married or to report being in good health than the general population. The longitudinal sample (n=2,098) were broadly like participants who only took part in Wave 1 but were older. Among the sexually active, longitudinal participants were less likely to report multiple sexual partners or a new sexual partner in the past year compared to those who only took part in Wave 1. Conclusions Natsal-COVID collected longitudinal, quasi-representative population data to enable evaluation of the population-level impact of COVID-19 on SRH and to inform policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Dema
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Anne Conolly
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
- NatCen Social Research, 35 Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0AX, UK
| | - Malachi Willis
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Berkeley Street, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| | - Andrew J. Copas
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Soazig Clifton
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
- NatCen Social Research, 35 Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0AX, UK
| | | | - Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Berkeley Street, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| | - Raquel Bosó Pérez
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Berkeley Street, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| | - Clare Tanton
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Chris Bonell
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Pam Sonnenberg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Catherine H. Mercer
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Kirstin R. Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Berkeley Street, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| | - Nigel Field
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
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Baxter AJ, Geary RS, Dema E, Bosó Pérez R, Riddell J, Willis M, Conolly A, Oakley LL, Copas AJ, Gibbs J, Bonell C, Sonnenberg P, Mercer CH, Clifton S, Field N, Mitchell K. Contraceptive use and pregnancy planning in Britain during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a large, quasi-representative survey (Natsal-COVID). BMJ Sex Reprod Health 2023; 49:260-273. [PMID: 36958823 PMCID: PMC10579517 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2022-201763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contraceptive services were significantly disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic in Britain. We investigated contraception-related health inequalities in the first year of the pandemic. METHODS Natsal-COVID Wave 2 surveyed 6658 adults aged 18-59 years between March and April 2021, using quotas and weighting to achieve quasi-representativeness. Our analysis included sexually active participants aged 18-44 years, described as female at birth. We analysed contraception use, contraceptive switching due to the pandemic, contraceptive service access, and pregnancy plannedness. RESULTS Of 1488 participants, 1619 were at risk of unplanned pregnancy, of whom 54.1% (51.0%-57.1%) reported routinely using effective contraception in the past year. Among all participants, 14.3% (12.5%-16.3%) reported switching or stopping contraception due to the pandemic. 3.2% (2.0%-5.1%) of those using effective methods pre-pandemic switched to less effective methods, while 3.8% (2.5%-5.9%) stopped. 29.3% (26.9%-31.8%) of at-risk participants reported seeking contraceptive services, of whom 16.4% (13.0%-20.4%) reported difficulty accessing services. Clinic closures and cancelled appointments were commonly reported pandemic-related reasons for difficulty accessing services. This unmet need was associated with younger age, diverse sexual identities and anxiety symptoms. Of 199 pregnancies, 6.6% (3.9%-11.1%) scored as 'unplanned'; less planning was associated with younger age, lower social grade and unemployment. CONCLUSIONS Just under a third of participants sought contraceptive services during the pandemic and most were successful, indicating resilience and adaptability of service delivery. However, one in six reported an unmet need due to the pandemic. COVID-induced inequalities in service access potentially exacerbated existing reproductive health inequalities. These should be addressed in the post-pandemic period and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Baxter
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rebecca S Geary
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emily Dema
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raquel Bosó Pérez
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Malachi Willis
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anne Conolly
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- NatCen Social Research, London, UK
| | - Laura L Oakley
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Copas
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jo Gibbs
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Pam Sonnenberg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Soazig Clifton
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- NatCen Social Research, London, UK
| | - Nigel Field
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsten Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Dibben GO, Martin A, Shore CB, Johnstone A, McMellon C, Palmer V, Pugmire J, Riddell J, Skivington K, Wells V, McDaid L, Simpson SA. Adolescents' interactive electronic device use, sleep and mental health: a systematic review of prospective studies. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13899. [PMID: 37029099 PMCID: PMC10909457 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Optimal sleep, both in terms of duration and quality, is important for adolescent health. However, young people's sleeping habits have worsened over recent years. Access to and use of interactive electronic devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, portable gaming devices) and social media have become deep-rooted elements of adolescents' lives and are associated with poor sleep. Additionally, there is evidence of increases in poor mental health and well-being disorders in adolescents; further linked to poor sleep. This review aimed to summarise the longitudinal and experimental evidence of the impact of device use on adolescents' sleep and subsequent mental health. Nine electronic bibliographical databases were searched for this narrative systematic review in October 2022. Of 5779 identified unique records, 28 studies were selected for inclusion. A total of 26 studies examined the direct link between device use and sleep outcomes, and four reported the indirect link between device use and mental health, with sleep as a mediator. The methodological quality of the studies was generally poor. Results demonstrated that adverse implications of device use (i.e., overuse, problematic use, telepressure, and cyber-victimisation) impacted sleep quality and duration; however, relationships with other types of device use were unclear. A small but consistent body of evidence showed sleep mediates the relationship between device use and mental health and well-being in adolescents. Increasing our understanding of the complexities of device use, sleep, and mental health in adolescents are important contributions to the development of future interventions and guidelines to prevent or increase resilience to cyber-bullying and ensure adequate sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace O. Dibben
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Anne Martin
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Colin B. Shore
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Avril Johnstone
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Christina McMellon
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Victoria Palmer
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Kathryn Skivington
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Valerie Wells
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Lisa McDaid
- Institute for Social Science ResearchThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Sharon A. Simpson
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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5
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Mitchell KR, Willis M, Dema E, Baxter AJ, Connolly A, Riddell J, Bosó Pérez R, Clifton S, Gibbs J, Tanton C, Geary R, Ratna N, Mohammed H, Unemo M, Bonell C, Copas A, Sonnenberg P, Mercer CH, Field N. Sexual and reproductive health in Britain during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional population survey (Natsal-COVID-Wave 2) and national surveillance data. Sex Transm Infect 2023; 99:386-397. [PMID: 36973042 PMCID: PMC10447381 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2022-055680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess sexual behaviour, and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes, after 1 year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Britain. METHODS 6658 participants aged 18-59 and resident in Britain completed a cross-sectional web-panel survey (Natsal-COVID-Wave 2, March-April 2021), 1 year after the first lockdown. Natsal-COVID-2 follows the Natsal-COVID-Wave 1 survey (July-August 2020) which captured impacts in the initial months. Quota-based sampling and weighting resulted in a quasi-representative population sample. Data were contextualised with reference to the most recent probability sample population data (Natsal-3; collected 2010-12; 15 162 participants aged 16-74) and national surveillance data on recorded sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing, conceptions, and abortions in England/Wales (2010-2020). The main outcomes were: sexual behaviour; SRH service use; pregnancy, abortion and fertility management; sexual dissatisfaction, distress and difficulties. RESULTS In the year from the first lockdown, over two-thirds of participants reported one or more sexual partners (women 71.8%; men 69.9%), while fewer than 20.0% reported a new partner (women 10.4%; men 16.8%). Median occasions of sex per month was two. Compared with 2010-12 (Natsal-3), we found less sexual risk behaviour (lower reporting of multiple partners, new partners, and new condomless partners), including among younger participants and those reporting same-sex behaviour. One in 10 women reported a pregnancy; pregnancies were fewer than in 2010-12 and less likely to be scored as unplanned. 19.3% of women and 22.8% of men were distressed or worried about their sex life, significantly more than in 2010-12. Compared with surveillance trends from 2010 to 2019, we found lower than expected use of STI-related services and HIV testing, lower levels of chlamydia testing, and fewer conceptions and abortions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with significant changes in sexual behaviour, SRH, and service uptake in the year following the first lockdown in Britain. These data are foundational to SRH recovery and policy planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin R Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Malachi Willis
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emily Dema
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Baxter
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anne Connolly
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- NatCen Social Research, London, UK
| | - Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Raquel Bosó Pérez
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Soazig Clifton
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- NatCen Social Research, London, UK
| | - Jo Gibbs
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clare Tanton
- Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Geary
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Natasha Ratna
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and HIV Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Hamish Mohammed
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and HIV Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Magnus Unemo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Christopher Bonell
- Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew Copas
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pam Sonnenberg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nigel Field
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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Mitchell KR, Shimonovich M, Bosó Pérez R, Dema E, Clifton S, Riddell J, Copas AJ, Tanton C, Macdowall W, Bonell C, Sonnenberg P, Mercer CH, Field N. Initial Impacts of COVID-19 on Sex Life and Relationship Quality in Steady Relationships in Britain: Findings from a Large, Quasi-representative Survey (Natsal-COVID). J Sex Res 2023; 60:1-12. [PMID: 35286182 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2035663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Intimate relationships are ubiquitous and exert a strong influence on health. Widespread disruption to them may impact wellbeing at a population level. We investigated the extent to which the first COVID-19 lockdown (March 2020) affected steady relationships in Britain. In total, 6,654 participants aged 18-59 years completed a web-panel survey (July-August 2020). Quasi-representativeness was achieved via quota sampling and weighting. We explored changes in sex life and relationship quality among participants in steady relationships (n = 4,271) by age, gender, and cohabitation status, and examined factors associated with deterioration to a lower-quality relationship. A total of 64.2% of participants were in a steady relationship (of whom 88.9% were cohabiting). A total of 22.1% perceived no change in their sex-life quality, and 59.5% no change in their relationship quality. Among those perceiving change, sex-life quality was more commonly reported to decrease and relationship quality to improve. There was significant variation by age; less often by gender or cohabitation. Overall, 10.6% reported sexual difficulties that started/worsened during lockdown. In total, 6.9% reported deterioration to a "lower quality" relationship, more commonly those: aged 18-24 and aged 35-44; not living with partner (women only); and reporting depression/anxiety and decrease in sex-life quality. In conclusion, intimate relationship quality is yet another way in which COVID-19 has led to divergence in experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raquel Bosó Pérez
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow
| | - Emily Dema
- Institute for Global Health, University College London
| | - Soazig Clifton
- Institute for Global Health, University College London
- NatCen Social Research
| | - Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow
| | | | - Clare Tanton
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
| | - Wendy Macdowall
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
| | - Chris Bonell
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
| | | | | | - Nigel Field
- Institute for Global Health, University College London
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7
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Mercer CH, Clifton S, Riddell J, Tanton C, Freeman L, Copas AJ, Dema E, Bosó Pérez R, Gibbs J, Macdowall W, Menezes D, Ridge MC, Bonell C, Sonnenberg P, Field N, Mitchell KR. Impacts of COVID-19 on sexual behaviour in Britain: findings from a large, quasi-representative survey (Natsal-COVID). Sex Transm Infect 2022; 98:469-477. [PMID: 34916335 PMCID: PMC8687784 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2021-055210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical restrictions imposed to combat COVID-19 dramatically altered sexual lifestyles but the specific impacts on sexual behaviour are still emerging. We investigated physical and virtual sexual activities, sexual frequency and satisfaction in the 4 months following lockdown in Britain in March 2020 and compared with pre-lockdown. METHODS Weighted analyses of web panel survey data collected July/August 2020 from a quota-based sample of 6654 people aged 18-59 years in Britain. Multivariable regression took account of participants' opportunity for partnered sex, gender and age, to examine their independent associations with perceived changes in sexual frequency and satisfaction. RESULTS Most participants (86.7%) reported some form of sex following lockdown with physical activities more commonly reported than virtual activities (83.7% vs 52.6%). Altogether, 63.2% reported sex with someone ('partnered sex') since lockdown, three-quarters of whom were in steady cohabiting relationships. With decreasing relationship formality, partnered sex was less frequently reported, while masturbation, sex toy use and virtual activities were more frequently reported. Around half of all participants perceived no change in partnered sex frequency compared with the 3 months pre-lockdown, but this was only one-third among those not cohabiting, who were more likely to report increases in non-partnered activities than those cohabiting. Two-thirds of participants perceived no change in sexual satisfaction; declines were more common among those not cohabiting. Relationship informality and younger age were independently associated with perceiving change, often declines, in sexual frequency and satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Our quasi-representative study of the British population found a substantial minority reported significant shifts in sexual repertoires, frequency and satisfaction following the introduction of COVID-19 restrictions. However, these negative changes were perceived by some more than others; predominantly those not cohabiting and the young. As these groups are most likely to experience adverse sexual health, it is important to monitor behaviour as restrictions ease to understand the longer term consequences, including for health services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soazig Clifton
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- NatCen Social Research, London, UK
| | - Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Clare Tanton
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lily Freeman
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Copas
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emily Dema
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raquel Bosó Pérez
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jo Gibbs
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wendy Macdowall
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Dee Menezes
- Institute for Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mary-Clare Ridge
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Bonell
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Pam Sonnenberg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nigel Field
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kirstin R Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Vongsachang H, Sprunt L, Padilla G, Schneberk T, Riddell J. 359 The Impact of an Experiential Social Medicine Curriculum in a County Emergency Medicine Residency Training Program: A Mixed Methods Study. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Dema E, Sonnenberg P, Gibbs J, Conolly A, Willis M, Riddell J, Bosó Pérez R, Copas AJ, Tanton C, Bonell C, Oeser C, Clifton S, Unemo M, Mercer CH, Mitchell KR, Field N. How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect access to condoms, chlamydia and HIV testing, and cervical cancer screening at a population level in Britain? (Natsal-COVID). Sex Transm Infect 2022; 99:261-267. [PMID: 35981863 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2022-055516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate how differential access to key interventions to reduce STIs, HIV and their sequelae changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS British participants (18-59 years) completed a cross-sectional web survey 1 year (March-April 2021) after the initial lockdown in Britain. Quota-based sampling and weighting resulted in a quasi-representative population sample. We compared Natsal-COVID data with Natsal-3, a household-based probability sample cross-sectional survey (16-74 years) conducted in 2010-2012. Reported unmet need for condoms because of the pandemic and uptake of chlamydia testing/HIV testing/cervical cancer screening were analysed among sexually experienced participants (18-44 years) (n=3869, Natsal-COVID; n=8551, Natsal-3). ORs adjusted for age and other potential confounders describe associations with demographic and behavioural factors. RESULTS In 2021, 6.9% of women and 16.2% of men reported unmet need for condoms because of the pandemic. This was more likely among participants: aged 18-24 years, of black or black British ethnicity, and reporting same-sex sex (past 5 years) or one or more new relationships (past year). Chlamydia and HIV testing were more commonly reported by younger participants, those reporting condomless sex with new sexual partners and men reporting same-sex partners; a very similar distribution to 10 years previously (Natsal-3). However, there were differences during the pandemic, including stronger associations with chlamydia testing for men reporting same-sex partners; with HIV testing for women reporting new sexual partners and with cervical screening among smokers. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests differential access to key primary and secondary STI/HIV prevention interventions continued during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there was not strong evidence that differential access has changed during the pandemic when compared with 2010-2012. While the pandemic might not have exacerbated inequalities in access to primary and secondary prevention, it is clear that large inequalities persisted, typically among those at greatest STI/HIV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Dema
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pam Sonnenberg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jo Gibbs
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Conolly
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,Health and Biomedical Surveys, NatCen Social Research, London, UK
| | - Malachi Willis
- Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow MRC/CSO, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julie Riddell
- Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow MRC/CSO, Glasgow, UK
| | - Raquel Bosó Pérez
- Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow MRC/CSO, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew J Copas
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clare Tanton
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Chris Bonell
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Clarissa Oeser
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Soazig Clifton
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,Health and Biomedical Surveys, NatCen Social Research, London, UK
| | - Magnus Unemo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden
| | | | - Kirstin R Mitchell
- Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow MRC/CSO, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nigel Field
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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10
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Dema E, Copas AJ, Clifton S, Conolly A, Blake M, Riddell J, Boso Perez R, Tanton C, Bonell C, Sonnenberg P, Mercer CH, Mitchell KR, Field N. Methodology of Natsal-COVID Wave 1: a large, quasi-representative survey with qualitative follow-up measuring the impact of COVID-19 on sexual and reproductive health in Britain. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:209. [PMID: 35495088 PMCID: PMC9020538 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16963.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Britain's National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal) have been undertaken decennially since 1990 and provide a key data source underpinning sexual and reproductive health (SRH) policy. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many aspects of sexual lifestyles, triggering an urgent need for population-level data on sexual behaviour, relationships, and service use at a time when gold-standard in-person, household-based surveys with probability sampling were not feasible. We designed the Natsal-COVID study to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the nation's SRH and assessed the sample representativeness. Methods: Natsal-COVID Wave 1 data collection was conducted four months (29/7-10/8/2020) after the announcement of Britain's first national lockdown (23/03/2020). This was an online web-panel survey administered by survey research company, Ipsos MORI. Eligible participants were resident in Britain, aged 18-59 years, and the sample included a boost of those aged 18-29. Questions covered participants' sexual behaviour, relationships, and SRH service use. Quotas and weighting were used to achieve a quasi-representative sample of the British general population. Participants meeting criteria of interest and agreeing to recontact were selected for qualitative follow-up interviews. Comparisons were made with contemporaneous national probability surveys and Natsal-3 (2010-12) to understand bias. Results: 6,654 participants completed the survey and 45 completed follow-up interviews. The weighted Natsal-COVID sample was similar to the general population in terms of gender, age, ethnicity, rurality, and, among sexually-active participants, numbers of sexual partners in the past year. However, the sample was more educated, contained more sexually-inexperienced people, and included more people in poorer health. Conclusions: Natsal-COVID Wave 1 rapidly collected quasi-representative population data to enable evaluation of the early population-level impact of COVID-19 and lockdown measures on SRH in Britain. Although sampling was less representative than the decennial Natsals, Natsal-COVID will complement national surveillance data and Natsal-4 (planned for 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Dema
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Andrew J Copas
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Soazig Clifton
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK,NatCen Social Research, 35 Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0AX, UK
| | - Anne Conolly
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK,NatCen Social Research, 35 Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0AX, UK
| | | | - Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Berkeley Street, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| | - Raquel Boso Perez
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Berkeley Street, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| | - Clare Tanton
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Chris Bonell
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Pam Sonnenberg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Catherine H Mercer
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Kirstin R Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Berkeley Street, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| | - Nigel Field
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK,
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11
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Dema E, Copas AJ, Clifton S, Conolly A, Blake M, Riddell J, Boso Perez R, Tanton C, Bonell C, Sonnenberg P, Mercer CH, Mitchell KR, Field N. Methodology of Natsal-COVID Wave 1: a large, quasi-representative survey with qualitative follow-up measuring the impact of COVID-19 on sexual and reproductive health in Britain. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:209. [PMID: 35495088 PMCID: PMC9020538 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16963.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Britain's National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal) have been undertaken decennially since 1990 and provide a key data source underpinning sexual and reproductive health (SRH) policy. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many aspects of sexual lifestyles, triggering an urgent need for population-level data on sexual behaviour, relationships, and service use at a time when gold-standard in-person, household-based surveys with probability sampling were not feasible. We designed the Natsal-COVID study to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the nation's SRH and assessed the sample representativeness. Methods: Natsal-COVID Wave 1 data collection was conducted four months (29/7-10/8/2020) after the announcement of Britain's first national lockdown (23/03/2020). This was an online web-panel survey administered by survey research company, Ipsos MORI. Eligible participants were resident in Britain, aged 18-59 years, and the sample included a boost of those aged 18-29. Questions covered participants' sexual behaviour, relationships, and SRH service use. Quotas and weighting were used to achieve a quasi-representative sample of the British general population. Participants meeting criteria of interest and agreeing to recontact were selected for qualitative follow-up interviews. Comparisons were made with contemporaneous national probability surveys and Natsal-3 (2010-12) to understand bias. Results: 6,654 participants completed the survey and 45 completed follow-up interviews. The weighted Natsal-COVID sample was similar to the general population in terms of gender, age, ethnicity, rurality, and, among sexually-active participants, numbers of sexual partners in the past year. However, the sample was more educated, contained more sexually-inexperienced people, and included more people in poorer health. Conclusions: Natsal-COVID Wave 1 rapidly collected quasi-representative population data to enable evaluation of the early population-level impact of COVID-19 and lockdown measures on SRH in Britain and inform policy. Although sampling was less representative than the decennial Natsals, Natsal-COVID will complement national surveillance data and Natsal-4 (planned for 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Dema
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Andrew J Copas
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Soazig Clifton
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK,NatCen Social Research, 35 Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0AX, UK
| | - Anne Conolly
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK,NatCen Social Research, 35 Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0AX, UK
| | | | - Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Berkeley Street, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| | - Raquel Boso Perez
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Berkeley Street, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| | - Clare Tanton
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Chris Bonell
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Pam Sonnenberg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Catherine H Mercer
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - Kirstin R Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Berkeley Street, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| | - Nigel Field
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, London, WC1E 6JB, UK,
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12
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Sweeting H, Blake C, Riddell J, Barrett S, Mitchell KR. Sexual harassment in secondary school: Prevalence and ambiguities. A mixed methods study in Scottish schools. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262248. [PMID: 35196313 PMCID: PMC8865636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is characterized by identity formation, exploration and initiation of intimate relationships. Much of this occurs at school, making schools key sites of sexual harassment. Schools often lack awareness and understanding of the issue, and UK research on the topic is scarce. We explored prevalence and perceptions of sexual harassment in a school-based mixed-methods study of 13-17 year-old Scottish adolescents. METHODS A student survey (N = 638) assessed past 3-months school-based victimization and perpetration prevalence via 17 behavioral items based on the most commonly used school-based sexual harassment measure ('Hostile Hallways'). Eighteen focus groups (N = 119 students) explored which of 10 behaviors were perceived as harassing/unacceptable and why. RESULTS Two-thirds reported any victimization: 64.7% 'visual/verbal' (e.g. sexual jokes) and 34.3% 'contact/personally-invasive' behaviors (e.g. sexual touching; most of whom also reported experiencing visual/verbal types) in the past 3-months. Data suggested a gateway effect, such that contact/personally-invasive behaviors are more likely to be reported by those also reporting more common visual/verbal behaviors. Some survey participants reported being unsure about whether they had experienced certain behaviors; and in focus groups, participants expressed uncertainty regarding the acceptability of most behaviors. Ambiguities centered on behavioral context and enactment including: degree of pressure, persistence and physicality; degree of familiarity between the instigator-recipient; and perception of the instigator's intent. In attempting to resolve ambiguities, students applied normative schemas underpinned by rights (to dignity, respect and equality) and 'knowingness', usually engendered by friendship. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms school-based sexual harassment is common but also finds significant nuance in the ways in which students distinguish between acceptable and harassing. School-based strategies to tackle sexual harassment must engage with this complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Sweeting
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn Blake
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Barrett
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kirstin R Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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13
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Sonnenberg P, Menezes D, Freeman L, Maxwell KJ, Reid D, Clifton S, Tanton C, Copas A, Riddell J, Dema E, Bosó Pérez R, Gibbs J, Ridge MC, Macdowall W, Unemo M, Bonell C, Johnson AM, Mercer CH, Mitchell K, Field N. Intimate physical contact between people from different households during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study from a large, quasi-representative survey (Natsal-COVID). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055284. [PMID: 35140158 PMCID: PMC8829844 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical distancing as a non-pharmaceutical intervention aims to reduce interactions between people to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Intimate physical contact outside the household (IPCOH) may expand transmission networks by connecting households. We aimed to explore whether intimacy needs impacted adherence to physical distancing following lockdown in Britain in March 2020. METHODS The Natsal-COVID web-panel survey (July-August 2020) used quota-sampling and weighting to achieve a quasi-representative population sample. We estimate reporting of IPCOH with a romantic/sexual partner in the 4 weeks prior to interview, describe the type of contact, identify demographic and behavioural factors associated with IPCOH and present age-adjusted ORs (aORs). Qualitative interviews (n=18) were conducted to understand the context, reasons and decision making around IPCOH. RESULTS Of 6654 participants aged 18-59 years, 9.9% (95% CI 9.1% to 10.6%) reported IPCOH. IPCOH was highest in those aged 18-24 (17.7%), identifying as gay or lesbian (19.5%), and in steady non-cohabiting relationships (56.3%). IPCOH was associated with reporting risk behaviours (eg, condomless sex, higher alcohol consumption). IPCOH was less likely among those reporting bad/very bad health (aOR 0.54; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.93) but more likely among those with COVID-19 symptoms and/or diagnosis (aOR 1.34; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.65). Two-thirds (64.4%) of IPCOH was reported as being within a support bubble. Qualitative interviews found that people reporting IPCOH deliberated over, and made efforts to mitigate, the risks. CONCLUSIONS Given 90% of people did not report IPCOH, this contact may not be a large additional contributor to SARS-CoV-2 transmission, although heterogeneity exists within the population. Public health messages need to recognise how single people and partners living apart balance sexual intimacy and relationship needs with adherence to control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pam Sonnenberg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dee Menezes
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lily Freeman
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karen J Maxwell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Reid
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Soazig Clifton
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- NatCen Social Research, London, UK
| | - Clare Tanton
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew Copas
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emily Dema
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raquel Bosó Pérez
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jo Gibbs
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mary-Clare Ridge
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wendy Macdowall
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Magnus Unemo
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Örebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Chris Bonell
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anne M Johnson
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kirstin Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nigel Field
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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14
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Dema E, Gibbs J, Clifton S, Copas AJ, Tanton C, Riddell J, Pérez RB, Reid D, Bonell C, Unemo M, Mercer CH, Mitchell KR, Sonnenberg P, Field N. Initial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual and reproductive health service use and unmet need in Britain: findings from a quasi-representative survey (Natsal-COVID). Lancet Public Health 2022; 7:e36-e47. [PMID: 34995541 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3862707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has affected sexual and reproductive health (SRH) service use and unmet need, but the impact is unknown. We aimed to determine the proportion of participants reporting sexual risk behaviours, SRH service use and unmet need, and to assess remote sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing service use after the first national lockdown in Britain. METHODS We used data from the National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal)-COVID cross-sectional, quasi-representative web survey (Natsal-COVID Wave 1). Adults aged 18-59 years who resided in England, Scotland, or Wales completed the survey between July 29 and Aug 10, 2020, which included questions about the approximate 4-month period after announcement of the initial lockdown in Britain (March 23, 2020). Quota-based sampling and weighting were used to achieve a quasi-representative population sample. Participants aged 45-59 years were excluded from services analysis due to low rates of SRH service use. Among individuals aged 18-44 years, we estimated reported SRH service use and inability to access, and calculated age-adjusted odds ratios (aORs) among sexually experienced individuals (those reporting any sexual partner in their lifetime) and sexually active individuals (those reporting any sexual partner in the past year). Unweighted denominators and weighted estimates are presented hereafter. FINDINGS 6654 individuals had complete interviews and were included in the analysis. Among 3758 participants aged 18-44 years, 82·0% reported being sexually experienced, and 73·7% reported being sexually active. 20·8% of sexually experienced participants aged 18-44 years reported using SRH services in the 4-month period. Overall, 9·7% of 3108 participants (9·5% of men; 9·9% of women) reported being unable to use a service they needed, although of the participants who reported trying but not being able to use a SRH service at least once, 76·4% of participants also reported an instance of successful use. 5·9% of 1221 sexually active men and 3·6% of 1560 sexually active women reported use of STI-related services and 14·8% of 1728 sexually experienced women reported use of contraceptive services, with SRH service use highest among individuals aged 18-24 years. Sexually active participants reporting condomless sex with new partners since lockdown were much more likely to report using STI-related services than those who did not report condomless sex (aOR 23·8 [95% CI 11·6-48·9]) for men, 10·5 [3·9-28·2] for women) and, among men, were also more likely to have an unsuccessful attempt at STI-service use (aOR 13·3 [5·3-32·9]). Among 106 individuals who reported using STI testing services, 64·4% accessed services remotely (telephone, video, or online). Among 2581 women aged 25-59 years, 2·4% reported cervical screening compared with an estimated 6% in a comparable 4-month period before the pandemic. INTERPRETATION Many people accessed SRH care during the initial lockdown; however, young people and those reporting sexual risk behaviours reported difficulties in accessing services and thus such services might need to address a backlog of need. FUNDING Wellcome Trust, The Economic and Social Research Council, The National Institute for Health Research, Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office and Public Health Sciences Unit, and UCL Coronavirus Response Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Dema
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Jo Gibbs
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Soazig Clifton
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK; NatCen Social Research, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Copas
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clare Tanton
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Raquel Bosó Pérez
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Reid
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Bonell
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Magnus Unemo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Kirstin R Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pam Sonnenberg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nigel Field
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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15
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Dema E, Gibbs J, Clifton S, Copas AJ, Tanton C, Riddell J, Pérez RB, Reid D, Bonell C, Unemo M, Mercer CH, Mitchell KR, Sonnenberg P, Field N. Initial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual and reproductive health service use and unmet need in Britain: findings from a quasi-representative survey (Natsal-COVID). Lancet Public Health 2022; 7:e36-e47. [PMID: 34995541 PMCID: PMC8730819 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has affected sexual and reproductive health (SRH) service use and unmet need, but the impact is unknown. We aimed to determine the proportion of participants reporting sexual risk behaviours, SRH service use and unmet need, and to assess remote sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing service use after the first national lockdown in Britain. METHODS We used data from the National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal)-COVID cross-sectional, quasi-representative web survey (Natsal-COVID Wave 1). Adults aged 18-59 years who resided in England, Scotland, or Wales completed the survey between July 29 and Aug 10, 2020, which included questions about the approximate 4-month period after announcement of the initial lockdown in Britain (March 23, 2020). Quota-based sampling and weighting were used to achieve a quasi-representative population sample. Participants aged 45-59 years were excluded from services analysis due to low rates of SRH service use. Among individuals aged 18-44 years, we estimated reported SRH service use and inability to access, and calculated age-adjusted odds ratios (aORs) among sexually experienced individuals (those reporting any sexual partner in their lifetime) and sexually active individuals (those reporting any sexual partner in the past year). Unweighted denominators and weighted estimates are presented hereafter. FINDINGS 6654 individuals had complete interviews and were included in the analysis. Among 3758 participants aged 18-44 years, 82·0% reported being sexually experienced, and 73·7% reported being sexually active. 20·8% of sexually experienced participants aged 18-44 years reported using SRH services in the 4-month period. Overall, 9·7% of 3108 participants (9·5% of men; 9·9% of women) reported being unable to use a service they needed, although of the participants who reported trying but not being able to use a SRH service at least once, 76·4% of participants also reported an instance of successful use. 5·9% of 1221 sexually active men and 3·6% of 1560 sexually active women reported use of STI-related services and 14·8% of 1728 sexually experienced women reported use of contraceptive services, with SRH service use highest among individuals aged 18-24 years. Sexually active participants reporting condomless sex with new partners since lockdown were much more likely to report using STI-related services than those who did not report condomless sex (aOR 23·8 [95% CI 11·6-48·9]) for men, 10·5 [3·9-28·2] for women) and, among men, were also more likely to have an unsuccessful attempt at STI-service use (aOR 13·3 [5·3-32·9]). Among 106 individuals who reported using STI testing services, 64·4% accessed services remotely (telephone, video, or online). Among 2581 women aged 25-59 years, 2·4% reported cervical screening compared with an estimated 6% in a comparable 4-month period before the pandemic. INTERPRETATION Many people accessed SRH care during the initial lockdown; however, young people and those reporting sexual risk behaviours reported difficulties in accessing services and thus such services might need to address a backlog of need. FUNDING Wellcome Trust, The Economic and Social Research Council, The National Institute for Health Research, Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office and Public Health Sciences Unit, and UCL Coronavirus Response Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Dema
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Jo Gibbs
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Soazig Clifton
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK; NatCen Social Research, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Copas
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clare Tanton
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Raquel Bosó Pérez
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Reid
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Bonell
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Magnus Unemo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Kirstin R Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pam Sonnenberg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nigel Field
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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McGarty A, McDaid L, Flowers P, Riddell J, Pachankis J, Frankis J. Mental health, potential minority stressors and resilience: evidence from a cross-sectional survey of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men within the Celtic nations. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2024. [PMID: 34742262 PMCID: PMC8572060 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are at a greater risk of mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression, than heterosexual adults. Numerous factors and stressors have been reported to impact men's mental health, although it has been suggested that resilience could have a protective effect. The aim of this study is to explore mental health, minority stressors, and resilience among a large online cross-sectional survey of GBMSM in the Celtic nations. METHODS Data for this cross-sectional study were collected from the Social Media, GBMSM and Sexual and Holistic Health (SMMASH2) self-report online survey. Participants (n = 3077) were recruited via gay sociosexual media in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors that increased the odds of moderate-to-severe anxiety and depression. Potentially relevant variables (p < 0.05) were carried forward in hierarchal logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of moderate-to-severe anxiety and depression was 19.9 and 14.4%, respectively. Having a disability (OR = 1.73) and having financial worries sometimes/all of the time (OR = 1.93) increased the odds of having moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety, respectively. No minority stressors were associated with depression, whereas experiencing any form of relationship abuse in the last 12 months significantly increased the odds of anxiety (OR = 1.50). Resilience, namely a sense of coherence, had a protective effect and significantly reduced the odds of moderate-to-severe depression (OR = 0.85) and anxiety (OR = 0.89). CONCLUSIONS Disability and financial worries were associated with increased depression and anxiety, respectively, while resilience had a protective effect for GBMSM in the SMMASH2 study. Future research is needed to better understand the role of resilience and the challenges and stresses of everyday life and intersecting health problems. Future research is also needed that incorporates the perspectives of those most affected by mental ill-health to co-develop effective solutions that respond to their contextual surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene McGarty
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1st floor Admin Building, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, 1055 Great Western Road, G12 0XH, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | - Lisa McDaid
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Long Pocket Precinct, 80 Meiers Rd, Indooroopilly, Brisbane, QLD 4068 Australia ,grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Top Floor, 200 Renfield Street, G2 3AX, Glasgow, Scotland UK
| | - Paul Flowers
- grid.11984.350000000121138138School of Psychological Sciences & Health, University of Strathclyde, 40 George Street, G1 1QE, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julie Riddell
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Top Floor, 200 Renfield Street, G2 3AX, Glasgow, Scotland UK
| | - John Pachankis
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Jamie Frankis
- grid.5214.20000 0001 0669 8188School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road G4 0BA, Glasgow, Scotland UK
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17
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Long E, Patterson S, Maxwell K, Blake C, Bosó Pérez R, Lewis R, McCann M, Riddell J, Skivington K, Wilson-Lowe R, Mitchell KR. COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on social relationships and health. J Epidemiol Community Health 2021; 76:128-132. [PMID: 34413184 PMCID: PMC8380476 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2021-216690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This essay examines key aspects of social relationships that were disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses explicitly on relational mechanisms of health and brings together theory and emerging evidence on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic to make recommendations for future public health policy and recovery. We first provide an overview of the pandemic in the UK context, outlining the nature of the public health response. We then introduce four distinct domains of social relationships: social networks, social support, social interaction and intimacy, highlighting the mechanisms through which the pandemic and associated public health response drastically altered social interactions in each domain. Throughout the essay, the lens of health inequalities, and perspective of relationships as interconnecting elements in a broader system, is used to explore the varying impact of these disruptions. The essay concludes by providing recommendations for longer term recovery ensuring that the social relational cost of COVID-19 is adequately considered in efforts to rebuild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Long
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Susan Patterson
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Maxwell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carolyn Blake
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Raquel Bosó Pérez
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ruth Lewis
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark McCann
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathryn Skivington
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel Wilson-Lowe
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kirstin R Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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18
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Langdridge D, Flowers P, Riddell J, Boydell N, Teal G, Coia N, McDaid L. A qualitative examination of affect and ideology within mass media interventions to increase HIV testing with gay men garnered from a systematic review. Br J Health Psychol 2021; 26:132-160. [PMID: 32735366 PMCID: PMC7611959 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing appropriate HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) is crucial to HIV prevention. Mass media interventions are effective in promoting testing, but to date, there has been little examination of their active content. DESIGN We conducted a qualitative analysis of intervention materials (n = 69) derived from a systematic review of mass media interventions designed to improve testing with MSM. METHODS Visual data were analysed for their affective and ideological content using a novel method drawing on concepts from semiotics (i.e., broadly speaking, the analysis of signs). RESULTS Whilst affect was not explicitly theorized or examined in any of the studies, there are clearly identifiable affective elements implicitly at play in these interventions. Four thematic categories of affect/ideology were identified including (1) sexual desire and the 'pornographication' of the gay/bisexual male subject; (2) narratives of romance and love; (3) fear, threat, and regret; and (4) 'flattened' affect. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine and detail the affective and ideological aspects of intervention content in this field. Using analytic techniques such as those reported here, in addition to approaches that focus on the manner in which intervention content address more proximal determinants of behaviour, can provide a rich and potentially more useful evidence base to assist with future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Langdridge
- School of Psychology and Counselling, The Open University, UK,Correspondence should be addressed to Darren Langdridge, School of Psychology, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK ()
| | - Paul Flowers
- School of Psychology & Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Nicola Boydell
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Gemma Teal
- Institute of Design Innovation, Glasgow School of Art, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Nicky Coia
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Lisa McDaid
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland,Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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19
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Gottlieb M, Riddell J, King A, Cooney R, Fung C, Sherbino J. 408EMF The Impact of Driving on Podcast Knowledge Acquisition and Retention among Emergency Medicine Resident Physicians. Ann Emerg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Vazquez A, Johnson E, Lam C, Diller D, Jain A, Shamoon M, Riddell J. 212 Do the Milestones Addressed by Faculty in Workplace-Based Narrative Assessments of Residents Differ by Sex? Ann Emerg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Riddell J, Teal G, Flowers P, Boydell N, Coia N, McDaid L. Mass media and communication interventions to increase HIV testing among gay and other men who have sex with men: Social marketing and visual design component analysis. Health (London) 2020; 26:338-360. [PMID: 32951461 PMCID: PMC8938994 DOI: 10.1177/1363459320954237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mass media and communication interventions can play a role in increasing HIV testing among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Despite the key role of social marketing principles and visual design within intervention development of this type, evidence is limited regarding interventions’ social marketing mix or visual design. As part of a systematic review, intervention content was assessed using social marketing theory and social semiotics. Data were extracted on the nature of the intervention, mode of delivery, use of imagery, content and tone and the eight key characteristics of social marketing. Data were synthesised narratively. Across the 19 included studies, reference to social marketing principles was often superficial. Common design features were identified across the interventions, regardless of effectiveness, including: the use of actors inferred to be GBMSM; use of ‘naked’ and sexually explicit imagery; and the use of text framed as statements or instructions. Our results suggest that effective interventions tended to use multiple modes of delivery, indicating high social marketing complexity. However, this is only part of intervention development, and social marketing principles are key to driving the development process. We identified consistent aspects of intervention design, but were unable to determine whether this is based on evidence of effectiveness or a lack of originality in intervention design. An openness to novel ideas in design and delivery is key to ensuring that evidence-informed interventions are effective for target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lisa McDaid
- University of Glasgow, UK.,The University of Queensland, Australia
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22
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Flowers P, Riddell J, Boydell N, Teal G, Coia N, McDaid L. What are mass media interventions made of? Exploring the active content of interventions designed to increase HIV testing in gay men within a systematic review. Br J Health Psychol 2019; 24:704-737. [PMID: 31267624 PMCID: PMC7058418 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mass media HIV testing interventions are effective in increasing testing, but there has been no examination of their theory or behaviour change technique (BCT) content. Within a heterogeneous body of studies with weak evaluative designs and differing outcomes, we attempted to gain useful knowledge to shape future interventions. METHODS Within a systematic review, following repeated requests to the authors of included studies for intervention materials, the Theory Coding Scheme, the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), and Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy (BCTT) were used to extract data relating to active intervention content. RESULTS Of 19 studies, five reported an explicit theoretical basis to their intervention. TDF analysis highlighted the key domains employed within the majority of interventions: 'knowledge', 'social roles and identities', and 'beliefs about consequences'. BCT analysis showed three BCT groupings commonly reported within interventions: 'Comparison of outcomes', 'Natural consequences', and 'Shaping knowledge'. Three individual BCTs formed the backbone of most interventions and can be considered 'standard' content: 'Instructions on how to perform behaviour'; 'Credible source'; and 'Information about health consequences'. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine and detail active intervention content in this field. It suggests future interventions should improve knowledge about testing, and use well-branded and trusted sources that endorse testing. Future interventions should also provide clear information about the health benefits of testing. Our analysis also suggests that to improve levels of effectiveness characterizing the current field, it may be useful to elicit commitment, and action plans, relating to how to implement testing intentions. STATEMENT OF CONTRIBUTION What is already known on this subject? Interventions are urgently needed to increase HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) and enable increased access to effective treatment for HIV infection. There is some evidence of the effectiveness of mass media interventions in increasing HIV testing among MSM. Nothing is known about the active components of existing mass media interventions targeting HIV testing. What does this study add? It describes the available literature concerning evaluated mass media interventions to increase HIV testing. It shows few interventions report any explicit theoretical basis although many interventions share common components, including coherently connected causal mechanisms and behaviour change techniques to moderate them. As a minimum, future interventions should improve knowledge about testing; use well-branded and trusted sources that endorse testing; and provide clear information about the health benefits of testing. Our analysis also tentatively suggests it may be useful to elicit commitment and planning of how to implement testing intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Flowers
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowUK
| | - Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowUK
| | - Nicola Boydell
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and InformaticsUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | - Gemma Teal
- Innovation School, The Glasgow School of ArtUK
| | | | - Lisa McDaid
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowUK
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23
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Purcell C, Riddell J, Brown A, Cameron ST, Melville C, Flett G, Bhushan Y, McDaid L. Women's experiences of more than one termination of pregnancy within two years: a mixed-methods study. BJOG 2017; 124:1983-1992. [PMID: 28922538 PMCID: PMC5725730 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the experiences of women seeking more than one termination of pregnancy (TOP) within 2 years. DESIGN Mixed methods study. SETTING Six TOP services across Scotland. SAMPLE Women presenting for TOP between July and December 2015. METHODS Descriptive and inferential analysis of quantitative survey data, thematic analysis of qualitative interview data and integrative analysis. In quantitative analysis, multinomial logistic regression was used to compare three groups: previous TOP within 2 years, previous TOP beyond 2 years and no previous TOP. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Characteristics and experiences of women seeking TOP. RESULTS Of 1662 questionnaire respondents, 14.6% (n = 242) and 19.8% (n = 329) reported previous TOP within and beyond 2 years, respectively. The previous TOP within 2 years group was significantly less likely to own their accommodation than the no previous TOP group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.34, 95% CI: 0.18-0.62) and previous TOP beyond 2 years group (aOR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.23-0.85); and more likely to report inconsistent (aOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.04-2.57; aOR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.16-3.28) and consistent (aOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.39-3.26; aOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.07-2.76) contraceptive use than the no previous TOP and previous TOP within 2 years groups, respectively. Twenty-three women from the previous TOP within 2 years group were interviewed. Qualitative and integrative analyses highlight issues relating to contraceptive challenges, intimate partner violence, life aspirations and socio-economic disadvantage. CONCLUSIONS Women undergoing more than one TOP within 2 years may experience particular challenges and vulnerabilities. Service provision should recognise this and move away from stigmatising discourses of 'repeat abortion'. FUNDING Scottish Government. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Women having two or more terminations of pregnancy in 2 years may face key challenges/vulnerabilities including intimate partner violence and socio-economic disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Purcell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - J Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - A Brown
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Sexual and Reproductive HealthSandyford CentralGlasgowUK
| | | | - C Melville
- True Relationships & Reproductive HealthWindsorQLDAustralia
| | - G Flett
- NHS Grampian Sexual and Reproductive HealthAberdeen Community Health and Care VillageAberdeenUK
| | - Y Bhushan
- NHS Tayside Gynaecology Assessment UnitNinewells HospitalDundeeUK
| | - L McDaid
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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24
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Flowers P, Riddell J, Park C, Ahmed B, Young I, Frankis J, Davis M, Gilbert M, Estcourt C, Wallace L, McDaid LM. Preparedness for use of the rapid result HIV self-test by gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM): a mixed methods exploratory study among MSM and those involved in HIV prevention and care. HIV Med 2016; 18:245-255. [PMID: 27492141 PMCID: PMC5347967 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to explore preparedness for the HIV self‐test among men who have sex with men (MSM) and those involved in HIV prevention and care. Methods A mixed methods exploratory research design was employed, detailing awareness and willingness to use the self‐test and the perceived barriers and facilitators to implementation. Quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis were completed in parallel. Descriptive and inferential analysis of cross‐sectional bar‐based survey data collected from MSM through a self‐completed questionnaire and oral fluid specimen collection (n = 999) was combined with qualitative, thematic, analysis of data collected through 12 expert focus groups (n = 55) consisting of gay men, National Health Service (NHS) staff, community organizations, entrepreneurs and activists. Findings were subsequently combined and assessed for synergies. Results Among MSM, self‐test awareness was moderate (55%). Greater awareness was associated with increased educational attainment [adjusted odds ratio 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–2.30; P = 0.05] and previous history of sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing (adjusted odds ratio 1.63; 95% CI 1.11–2.39; P = 0.01). Willingness to use the test was high (89%) and associated with meeting sexual partners online (unadjusted odds ratio 1.96; 95% CI 1.31–2.94; P < 0.001). Experts highlighted the overall acceptability of self‐testing; it was understood as convenient, discreet, accessible, and with a low burden to services. However, some ambivalence towards self‐testing was reported; it could reduce opportunities to engage with wider services, wider health issues and the determinants of risk. Conclusions Self‐testing represents an opportunity to reduce barriers to HIV testing and enhance prevention and access to care. Levels of awareness are moderate but willingness to use is high. Self‐testing may amplify health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Flowers
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Park
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.,MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - B Ahmed
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - I Young
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Frankis
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Davis
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - M Gilbert
- Applied Epidemiology Unit, Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Estcourt
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Barts Sexual Health Centre, Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - L Wallace
- Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - L M McDaid
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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25
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Riddell J, Boydell N, McDaid L. P173 Multi-drug use, and associated factors, within a community based sample of Gay and Bisexual Men in Scotland. Br J Vener Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2016-052718.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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26
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McDaid LM, Aghaizu A, Frankis J, Riddell J, Nardone A, Mercey D, Johnson AM, Hart GJ, Flowers P. Frequency of HIV testing among gay and bisexual men in the UK: implications for HIV prevention. HIV Med 2016; 17:683-93. [PMID: 26991460 PMCID: PMC5026165 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to explore HIV testing frequency among UK men who have sex with men (MSM) in order to direct intervention development. Methods Cross‐sectional surveys were completed by 2409 MSM in Edinburgh, Glasgow and London in 2011 and a Scotland‐wide online survey was carried out in 2012/13. The frequency of HIV testing in the last 2 years was measured. Results Overall, 21.2% of respondents reported at least four HIV tests and 33.7% reported two or three tests in the last 2 years, so we estimate that 54.9% test annually. Men reporting at least four HIV tests were younger and less likely to be surveyed in London. They were more likely to report higher numbers of sexual and anal intercourse partners, but not “higher risk” unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with at least two partners, casual partners and/or unknown/discordant status partners in the previous 12 months. Only 26.7% (238 of 893) of men reporting higher risk UAI reported at least four tests. Among all testers (n = 2009), 56.7% tested as part of a regular sexual health check and 35.5% tested following a risk event. Differences were observed between surveys, and those testing in response to a risk event were more likely to report higher risk UAI. Conclusions Guidelines recommend that all MSM test annually and those at “higher risk” test more frequently, but our findings suggest neither recommendation is being met. Additional efforts are required to increase testing frequency and harness the opportunities provided by biomedical HIV prevention. Regional, demographic and behavioural differences and variations in the risk profiles of testers suggest that it is unlikely that a “one size fits all” approach to increasing the frequency of testing will be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M McDaid
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - J Frankis
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - D Mercey
- University College London, London, UK
| | | | - G J Hart
- University College London, London, UK
| | - P Flowers
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
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27
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Prah P, Hickson F, Bonell C, McDaid LM, Johnson AM, Wayal S, Clifton S, Sonnenberg P, Nardone A, Erens B, Copas AJ, Riddell J, Weatherburn P, Mercer CH. Men who have sex with men in Great Britain: comparing methods and estimates from probability and convenience sample surveys. Sex Transm Infect 2016; 92:455-63. [PMID: 26965869 PMCID: PMC5013102 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine sociodemographic and behavioural differences between men who have sex with men (MSM) participating in recent UK convenience surveys and a national probability sample survey. Methods We compared 148 MSM aged 18–64 years interviewed for Britain's third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3) undertaken in 2010–2012, with men in the same age range participating in contemporaneous convenience surveys of MSM: 15 500 British resident men in the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS); 797 in the London Gay Men's Sexual Health Survey; and 1234 in Scotland's Gay Men's Sexual Health Survey. Analyses compared men reporting at least one male sexual partner (past year) on similarly worded questions and multivariable analyses accounted for sociodemographic differences between the surveys. Results MSM in convenience surveys were younger and better educated than MSM in Natsal-3, and a larger proportion identified as gay (85%–95% vs 62%). Partner numbers were higher and same-sex anal sex more common in convenience surveys. Unprotected anal intercourse was more commonly reported in EMIS. Compared with Natsal-3, MSM in convenience surveys were more likely to report gonorrhoea diagnoses and HIV testing (both past year). Differences between the samples were reduced when restricting analysis to gay-identifying MSM. Conclusions National probability surveys better reflect the population of MSM but are limited by their smaller samples of MSM. Convenience surveys recruit larger samples of MSM but tend to over-represent MSM identifying as gay and reporting more sexual risk behaviours. Because both sampling strategies have strengths and weaknesses, methods are needed to triangulate data from probability and convenience surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Prah
- Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ford Hickson
- Sigma Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Lisa M McDaid
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anne M Johnson
- Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sonali Wayal
- Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Soazig Clifton
- Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pam Sonnenberg
- Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Bob Erens
- Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Copas
- Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julie Riddell
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter Weatherburn
- Department of Social & Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Catherine H Mercer
- Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
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Terry V, Sebastian N, Yucha R, Taschuk F, McNamara L, Onafuwa-Nuga A, Riddell J, Bixby D, Collins K. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells harbor provirus with identical Gag and V3 sequences as residual plasma virus in optimally treated patients. J Virus Erad 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)31393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Sebastian N, Terry V, Taschuk F, McNamara L, Onafuwa-Nuga A, Riddell J, Bixby D, Collins K. CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic HIVs infect CD4 + hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vitro and in optimally treated people. J Virus Erad 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)31391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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30
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Cameron ST, Riddell J, Brown A, Thomson A, Melville C, Flett G, Caird L, Laird G. Characteristics of women who present for abortion towards the end of the mid-trimester in Scotland: national audit 2013-2014. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2015; 21:183-8. [PMID: 26568404 DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2015.1111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Women in Scotland who request an abortion (for non-medical reasons) within the legal gestational limit (up to 24 weeks) but beyond the gestational limit of all abortion facilities in Scotland (only up to 20 weeks) must travel to England if they wish to terminate the pregnancy. We wished to determine the number and characteristics of women presenting at ≥16 weeks' gestation for abortion, and compare the characteristics of those proceeding to abortion with those continuing the pregnancy. METHODS Over a period of 12 months we conducted a prospective audit of women presenting at ≥16 weeks' gestation to abortion services throughout Scotland. The characteristics of women proceeding to abortion and those continuing the pregnancy were compared. RESULTS A total of 267 women presented for abortion at ≥16 weeks' gestation. Their median age was 22 years (range 14 to 47 years); 231 were from deprived areas (86.5%), 128 (47.9%) already had a child and 73 (27.3%) had previously undergone abortion. A total of 175 women (65.5%) proceeded to abortion, locally (n = 125; 46.8%) or in England (50; 18.7%). Those at ≥20 weeks' gestation were statistically more likely to continue the pregnancy than those at earlier gestations (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Relatively few women present for abortion in Scotland at ≥16 weeks' gestation. Those who are over 20 weeks' gestation and would need to travel to England for abortion are more likely to continue the pregnancy, suggesting that travel is a barrier to accessing legal abortion for this group of women. Provision of abortion services up to 24 weeks' gestation should be considered within Scotland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucy Caird
- f NHS Highland , Inverness , Scotland, UK
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31
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Prah P, Hickson F, Bonell C, McDaid L, Erens B, Riddell J, Wayal S, Nardone A, Sonnenberg P, Johnson AM, Mercer CH. P11.02 Representing men who have sex with men (msm) in britain: evidence from comparative analyses of the latest convenience and probability surveys. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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32
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Pilie P, Werbel WA, Riddell J, Shu X, Schaubel D, Gregg KS. Adult patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection: impact of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on outcomes. Transpl Infect Dis 2015; 17:551-7. [PMID: 26059180 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common community-acquired pathogen responsible for a substantial disease burden in adults. We investigated the outcomes after RSV infection in hospitalized adults over a 3-year period. METHODS This single-center, retrospective study identified 174 patients hospitalized with RSV upper or lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) between January 1, 2009 and June 30, 2012. Clinical data were extracted from medical records. The primary outcome analyzed was all-cause mortality, defined as death during the index hospital admission. Subjects were divided into 3 groups for comparison: hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients, solid organ transplant (SOT) patients, and non-transplant patients. RESULTS In our study, 41/174 (23.6%) were HSCT recipients and 28/174 (16.1%) were SOT recipients. Twelve of 174 (6.9%) died. Death occurred in 2/41 (4.9%) HSCT and 3/28 (10.7%) SOT recipients, compared to 7/106 (6.6%) non-transplant patients. When compared to the non-transplant cohort, HSCT and SOT were not found to be significant risk factors for mortality (P = 0.685 and 0.645, respectively). In multivariate logistic regression, age >60 was associated with mortality (P = 0.019), while lymphopenia on admission trended toward an association with death (P = 0.054). HSCT patients were less likely to be admitted to an intensive care unit (odds ratio [OR] 0.26, P = 0.04), but were significantly more likely to receive ribavirin therapy (OR 11.62, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Adults hospitalized with RSV LRTI are at significant risk of mortality, and this risk may be increased in patients age >60 or with lymphopenia on admission. This study did not identify any significant increased mortality or morbidity associated with RSV infection in immune suppressed transplant recipients vs. patients who had not received a transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pilie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - W A Werbel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - J Riddell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - X Shu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - D Schaubel
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - K S Gregg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Martin S, Young I, Riddell J, Hilton S, McDaid L, Flowers P, Gilbert M. P68 Sexual health literacy and men who have sex with men (msm): a scoping review of research literature. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052126.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Riddell J, Padgett PE, Nash TH. Physiological responses of lichens to factorial fumigations with nitric acid and ozone. Environ Pollut 2012; 170:202-210. [PMID: 22832332 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper addresses the effects of gaseous nitric acid (HNO(3)) and ozone (O(3)), two important air pollutants, on six lichen species with different morphological, ecological, and biological characteristics. The treatment chambers were set up in a factorial design consisting of control chambers, chambers fumigated with HNO(3), with O(3), and with HNO(3) and O(3), together. Each species showed a different sensitivity to the fumigations, reflecting the physiological variation among species. Our results clearly indicate that HNO(3) is a strong phytotoxin to many lichens, and that O(3) alone has little effect on the measured parameters. The combined fumigation effects of HNO(3) and O(3) were not significantly different from HNO(3) alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Riddell
- Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Riddell J, Comer GM, Kauffman CA. Treatment of Endogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis: Focus on New Antifungal Agents. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:648-53. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciq204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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37
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Riddell J, Case A, Wopat R, Beckham S, Lucas M, McClung C, Swadron S. 249: Trends In Emergency Bedside Ultrasonography for the Detection of Hydronephrosis In a Population With Computed Tomography-Proven Stones. Ann Emerg Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.06.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Percival VG, Riddell J, Corcoran TB. Single dose Dexamethasone for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting – a Matched Case-Control Study of Postoperative Infection Risk. Anaesth Intensive Care 2010; 38:661-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1003800407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone is an effective prophylaxis against postoperative nausea and vomiting but is immunosuppressive and may predispose patients to an increased postoperative infection risk. This matched case-control study examined the association between the administration of a single intraoperative anti-emetic dose of dexamethasone (4 to 8 mg) and postoperative infection in patients undergoing non-emergency surgery in a university trauma centre. Cases were defined as patients who developed infection between one day and one month following an operative procedure under general anaesthesia. Controls who did not develop infection were matched for procedure, age and gender. Exclusion criteria included immunosuppressive medications, chronic glucocorticoid therapy, cardiac surgical and solid-organ transplantation procedures. Sixty-three cases and 172 controls were identified. Cases were more likely to have received dexamethasone intraoperatively (25.4 vs 11%, P=0.006), and less likely to have received perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (60.3 vs 84.3%, P=0.001). Stepwise, multivariate conditional logistic regression confirmed these associations, with adjusted odds ratios of 3.03 (1.06 to 19.3, P=0.035) and 0.12 (0.02 to 0.7, P=0.004) respectively for the associations between dexamethasone and perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, with postoperative infection. We conclude that intraoperative administration of dexamethasone for anti-emetic purposes may confer an increased risk of postoperative infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. G. Percival
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J. Riddell
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - T. B. Corcoran
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Clinical Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia and Director of Research, Royal Perth Hospital
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Peres E, Khaled Y, Krijanovski OI, Mineishi S, Levine JE, Kaul DR, Riddell J. Mycobacterium chelonae necrotizing pneumonia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant: report of clinical response to treatment with tigecycline. Transpl Infect Dis 2008; 11:57-63. [PMID: 18983415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2008.00351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of progressive Mycobacterium chelonae ssp. chelonae necrotizing pneumonia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in the presence of chronic graft-versus-host disease. The patient failed to respond to standard combination therapy with multiple agents and developed resistance to most drugs over the course of treatment. Tigecycline, a new glycylcycline antimicrobial agent with in vitro activity against M. chelonae, was then used with a clinical response to treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case demonstrating tigecycline to have a degree of clinical effectiveness to treat refractory pulmonary infection with M. chelonae in an HSCT recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peres
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5941, USA.
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40
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Riddell J, Rachman S. Robert David Mayer. West J Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.a1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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41
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Walker EJ, Riddell J, Rodgers HJ, Bassett ML, Wilson SR, Cavanaugh JA. IL1RN genotype as a risk factor for joint pain in hereditary haemochromatosis? Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:271-2. [PMID: 16410535 PMCID: PMC1798014 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.038158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
A previously healthy 33-year-old female died of disseminated infection with Scedosporium apiospermum in association with Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelets (HELLP) syndrome following the delivery of twins. Her postpartum course was complicated by multisystem organ failure managed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). She also developed bowel and left lower extremity ischemia requiring surgical resection. Blood cultures yielded S. apiospermum, and histologic findings revealed in vivo adventitious sporulation, an unusual occurrence with this pathogen. Autopsy showed extensive fungal infection of brain, lungs, thyroid, heart, and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Riddell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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43
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Reid G, Habash M, Vachon D, Denstedt J, Riddell J, Beheshti M. Oral fluoroquinolone therapy results in drug adsorption on ureteral stents and prevention of biofilm formation. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2001; 17:317-9; discussion 319-20. [PMID: 11295415 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(00)00353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The oral administration of ciprofloxacin (250mg bid) and ofloxacin (300mg bid) in 40 patients with ureteral stents, led to drug levels on all the device surfaces that were higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Escherichia coli (0.004--0.015 mg/l), the most common uropathogen. The drug levels in the film were higher than the MIC of other common pathogens, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.25--1.0 mg/l), Enterococcus faecalis (0.25--2.0 mg/l) and Staphylococcus aureus (0.12--0.5 mg/l) in a few cases (six, three and 14 cases out of 40, respectively). For both antibiotics, the concentrations were greater than the MIC of many uropathogens on the film surrounding the devices (0.89 vs 0.31 mg/l respectively, P=0.05), and on the devices themselves (0.22 vs. 0.12 mg/l, P=0.207). Adsorption of the antibiotics was higher to the film than to the stent (P<0.0001). Ciprofloxacin concentration on the film surrounding the stents was significantly higher than that of ofloxacin (P=0.05), while there was no statistical concentration difference between the two antibiotics adsorbed onto the actual devices (P=0.207). No bacteria were found in patients' urine and no biofilms were detected. This is the first report of an oral antibiotic being adsorbed onto medical devices. It potentially provides a new approach of preventing infection, and avoids the need to pre-coat devices with agents whose use will be restricted once bacteria develop resistance to them. If biomaterial properties can be enhanced to increase further the adsorptive concentration of drug, the risk of infections and recalcitrant biofilm formation could be significantly reduced in a highly susceptible patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Reid
- Division of Urology, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, Ont., N6A 4V2, London, Canada
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Goodnough LT, Strasburg D, Riddell J, Verbrugge D, Wish J. Has recombinant human erythropoietin therapy minimized red-cell transfusions in hemodialysis patients? Clin Nephrol 1994; 41:303-7. [PMID: 8050211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We have conducted a six-year (1986-1991) review of our transfusion service to identify the frequency of blood transfusions in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, before and after availability of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) as an alternative to allogeneic blood. Four hundred forty-nine patients who underwent a total of 54,929 dialysis events were reviewed. Overall, 343 (76%) of 449 patients received 4,864 red-cell transfusions during 54,929 dialysis events. Red-cell units transfused per patient were significantly lower in 1991 compared to the year (1988) prior to EPO (5.3 +/- 4.5, M+SD, vs 8.6 +/- 13.4, p = 0.02) but not compared to 1986 (6.4, p = 0.11). The frequency of red-cell transfusions per 100 dialysis events declined substantially when 1991 was compared to 1988 (4.11 vs 13.35, p < 0.01) but less so when 1991 was compared to 1986 (4.11 vs 6.20, p < 0.01). Overall, 4864 red-cell units transfused to dialysis patients accounted for 4.46% of 109,159 red-cell units released by our transfusion service, decreasing from 7.3% in 1988 to 2.0% in 1991. We conclude 1) the availability of EPO in 1989 was accompanied by a significant reduction in the frequency of red-cell exposure in patients undergoing dialysis from 1988, but the reduction was less impressive when compared to 1986. 2) Attention to EPO dosage, concomitant causes of anemia, and resistance to EPO therapy in this setting may be required to take full advantage of this biotechnologic alternative to blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Goodnough
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110
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45
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Abstract
Three cohorts of elective surgical patients were reviewed in order to develop a method in which the discharge haematocrit can serve as a clinical indicator for a subsequent study of the use of blood transfusion therapy. Three different levels of discharge haematocrit were evaluated: 36, 33, and 30% for 'generous', 'intermediate', and 'strict' criteria, respectively. Discharge haematocrits (%, mean +/- SD) for patients not transfused were 29.6 +/- 4.6, 33.7 +/- 5.0, and 33.6 +/- 3.4 for three different surgical groups (cardiac, orthopaedic, and urological surgical patients). When discharge haematocrits greater than 33% ('intermediate') were considered excessive due to previous transfusion, the prevalence of patients identified was 9, 6.5 and 13%, respectively. We found no relationship between the length of stay in hospital and the number of blood units transfused or patient discharge haematocrit levels. When the length of stay of patients identified by exceeding the clinical indicator was compared to that of patients not identified, orthopaedic and urological surgical patients showed no difference; however, cardiac surgical patients who exceeded the clinical indicator had shorter hospital stays compared to patients who were not so identified. We conclude the following: 1. The discharge haematocrit can be used as a clinical indicator for a subsequent review of use in order to evaluate the appropriateness of blood transfusion therapy. 2. The prevalence of patients identified who exceeded the clinical indicator, among three elective surgical patient groups, suggests that this indicator is applicable across elective surgical categories in order to target transfusion medicine education programmes and clinical outcome studies. 3. Additional factors important to the 'transfusion trigger', such as blood lost during hospitalization, may need to be included with the discharge haematocrit as clinical indicators in order to evaluate blood transfusion therapy in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Goodnough
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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46
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Hoepelman AI, Kieft H, Aoun M, Kosmidis J, Strand T, Verhoef J, Gillespie SH, Riddell J, Varghese G, Meunier F. International comparative study of cefepime and ceftazidime in the treatment of serious bacterial infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 1993; 32 Suppl B:175-86. [PMID: 8150761 DOI: 10.1093/jac/32.suppl_b.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this randomized multicentre study, we compared the safety and efficacy of cefepime, 2.0 g bd i.v., with that of ceftazidime, 2.0 g tid i.v., as initial treatment of adult patients with serious infections of bacterial aetiology. Three hundred and forty-eight patients were entered into the study, 173 received cefepime and 175 ceftazidime. The treatment groups were comparable with respect to demographic characteristics, including the types of infection (cefepime/ceftazidime: urinary tract, 55/72; lower respiratory tract, 83/74; skin and soft tissue, 23/14; septicaemia, 81/81; and others, 15/5). Gram-positive bacteria were identified as pathogens on 86 occasions (cefepime/ceftazidime: 48/41), including 20 Staphylococcus aureus isolates (13/7) and 27 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates (14/13). Gram-negative bacilli were isolated on 261 occasions (126/135), and included 219 Enterobacteriaceae (cefepime/ceftazidime: 108/111) and 34 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14/20). An intention-to-treat analysis revealed satisfactory clinical response rates of 80% and 79% for the cefepime and ceftazidime groups, respectively, and bacteriological eradication rates of 85% and 88% for the cefepime and ceftazidime groups, respectively. Of patients with microbiologically documented infections, 86% (84 of 98) treated with cefepime and 87% (94 of 108) treated with ceftazidime responded satisfactorily. Thirty-two patients (19%) treated with cefepime and 26 (15%) treated with ceftazidime died. Thirty-six patients in the cefepime group and 23 in the ceftazidime group experienced adverse events; therapy was discontinued prematurely in four and two patients in the cefepime and ceftazidime groups, respectively. Of the patients experiencing adverse events, 22 (13%) treated with cefepime developed intolerance at the injection site, compared with 11 (6%) treated with ceftazidime (P = 0.045). In conclusion, twice-daily cefepime (2 g bd) is at least as effective as ceftazidime (2 g tid), as initial empirical therapy for serious bacterial infections in non-neutropenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Hoepelman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Goodnough LT, Riddell J, Lazarus H, Chafel TL, Prince G, Hendrix D, Yomtovian R. Prevalence of platelet transfusion reactions before and after implementation of leukocyte-depleted platelet concentrates by filtration. Vox Sang 1993; 65:103-7. [PMID: 8212663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1993.tb02124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To determine the impact of platelet leukodepletion by filtration on the overall prevalence of reported transfusion reactions associated with platelet concentrates, we audited platelet transfusion reactions after infusion of platelet concentrates reported at University Hospitals of Cleveland over 6 months before (interval 1, July 1, 1989 to December 31, 1989) and after (interval 2, July 1, 1990 to December 31, 1990) implementation of the Pall PL 50 filter on our adult Hematology-Oncology inpatient unit (Division 60). Thirty-two (1.7%) of 1,901 random, pooled platelet transfusion events resulted in blood bank transfusion reaction workups in interval 1, compared to 90 (5.3%) of 1,704 in interval 2 (p < 0.001). The Division 60 service accounted for more of our hospital-wide platelet reactions after implementation of the filter in interval 2 (84%) than before filtration in interval 1 (42%), p = 0.002. The prevalence of reaction workups for Division 60 was 0.6% for interval 1, compared to 4.3% for interval 2 (p < 0.001). No differences were found between interval 1 and interval 2 for the rate of discontinuation of platelet transfusion (36 vs. 32%, p = 0.14), rate of premedication for platelet transfusion (72 vs. 65%, p = 0.6), percentage of direct antiglobulin test-positive reactions (17 vs. 5.4%, p = 0.09), percentage showing icteric/hemolyzed serum (15 vs. 4.4%, p = 0.09), or reactions believed to be due to red blood cell incompatibility (8.8 vs. 1.1%, p = 0.1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Goodnough
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Abstract
To address the potential role of innovative blood conservation interventions in nonelective surgery, we reviewed blood transfusions and blood losses during hospitalization of patients undergoing open reduction internal fixation of an intratrochanteric hip fracture. Sixty-four orthopaedic patients consecutively admitted over a 3-year interval were analyzed for transfusion needs by calculating red blood cell (RBC) volume lost during hospitalization. Overall, 39 (61%) patients received blood. We found that the "transfusion-trigger" was higher for females compared to males. Fifteen (23%) of 64 patients were identified to have been transfused with RBC volumes in excess of RBC volumes lost. The remaining 49 patients determined to be untransfused or to be transfused appropriately received 1.4 +/- 2.1 blood units (M +/- SD). Of these, 30 (60%) received < or = 1 U. We found no evidence that patients who received blood transfusions in excess of blood losses benefited compared to those whose blood replacement was less than blood lost. We conclude that innovative blood conservation interventions such as recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) therapy can be incorporated into this nonelective surgical setting and may permit a significant percentage of hip fracture patients to avoid homologous blood transfusion. An algorithm for physician education programs that can address blood transfusion practices is provided so that patients can benefit from new blood conservation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Goodnough
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Goodnough LT, Riddell J, Kursh E, Resnick MI. Utilization and efficacy of autologous blood predeposit in radical prostatectomy with lymphadenectomy: implications for blood conservation and physician education programs. Urology 1992; 40:201-5. [PMID: 1523740 DOI: 10.1016/0090-4295(92)90474-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autologous blood predeposit is a widely used transfusion practice that has become a standard of care for elective surgery. Despite the support for this practice there are unanswered questions in the usage and efficacy of autologous blood programs. This study is a prospective analysis of 52 consecutively audited urologic patients undergoing elective, radical prostatectomy with lymphadenectomy in which all 52 patients predonated autologous blood. Preoperative blood donation, blood transfused, surgical blood lost, and the "transfusion trigger" were evaluated for each of these patients. We conclude (1) the rate of homologous blood exposure (15%) despite preoperative autologous blood donation in every patient indicates a need for innovative blood conservation strategies to minimize homologous blood transfusion in this surgical group. (2) Unnecessary autologous transfusions could be identified in 8 (15%) of 52 patients, all of which were single unit autologous blood transfusions. (3) Physician education programs that emphasize increased procurement of autologous blood along with more conservative transfusion of this blood are needed to avoid necessary homologous blood and unnecessary autologous blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Goodnough
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Goodnough LT, Verbrugge D, Vizmeg K, Riddell J. Identifying elective orthopedic surgical patients transfused with amounts of blood in excess of need: the transfusion trigger revisited. Transfusion 1992; 32:648-53. [PMID: 1519327 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32792391039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The discharge hematocrit has been analyzed as a clinical indicator of the transfusion trigger by which to identify patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery who were transfused with blood in excess of need. The volume of red cells lost by each patient during surgical hospitalization was compared to the volume of red cells transfused. Three clinical indicator levels were considered. Red cell losses of 10, 20, and 30 percent of each patient's baseline red cell volume at admission were considered to be appropriate before subsequent blood transfusion replacement, representing generous, intermediate, or strict clinical indicator levels, respectively. With Level I as a generous clinical indicator, 110 (25%) of 525 patients were transfused in excess of blood needs; by Level II (intermediate) and Level III (strict) criteria, 221 (42%) and 314 (60%) of 525 patients, respectively, were transfused in excess of blood needs. Significant differences were found for transfused patients analyzed by gender (26% of women vs. 13% of men; Level I, p less than 0.001) and preoperative autologous blood donation (25% of autologous blood donors vs. 11% of those who did not donate autologous blood; Level I, p less than 0.001). It can be concluded that the discharge hematocrit and amount of blood lost during hospitalization can be used as clinical indicators with which to identify patients receiving transfusions in excess of needs in the elective surgical setting. With this method, it was found that the transfusion trigger is different for women and for men as well as for autologous blood donors and those who did not donate autologous blood undergoing elective orthopedic surgery [corrected].
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Goodnough
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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