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Choi YJ, Koo JB, Kim HY, Seo JW, Lee EJ, Kim WR, Cho JY, Hahm KB, Hong SP, Kim DH, Yoo JH. Umbilical cord/placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit fibrogenic activation in human intestinal myofibroblasts via inhibition of myocardin-related transcription factor A. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:291. [PMID: 31547873 PMCID: PMC6757442 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lack of anti-fibrotic agents targeting intestinal fibrosis is a large unmet need in inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Previous studies have found that perinatal tissue (umbilical cord, UC; placenta, PL)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reduce fibrosis in several organs. However, their effects on human intestinal fibrosis are poorly understood. This study investigated the anti-fibrogenic properties and mechanisms of MSCs derived from UC and PL (UC/PL-MSCs) on human primary intestinal myofibroblasts (HIMFs). Methods The HIMFs were treated with TGF-β1 and co-cultured with UC/PL-MSCs. We used a small molecular inhibitor CCG-100602 to examine whether serum response factor (SRF) and its transcriptional cofactor myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) are involved in TGF-β1-induced fibrogenic activation in HIMFs. The anti-fibrogenic mechanism of UC/PL-MSCs on HIMFs was analyzed by detecting the expression of RhoA, MRTF-A, and SRF in HIMFs. Results UC/PL-MSCs reduced TGF-β1-induced procollagen1A1, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin expression in HIMFs. This anti-fibrogenic effect was more apparent in the UC-MSCs. TGF-β1 stimulation increased the expressions of RhoA, MRTF-A, and SRF in the HIMFs. TGF-β1 induced the synthesis of procollagen1A1, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin through a MRTF-A/SRF-dependent mechanism. Co-culture with the UC/PL-MSCs downregulated fibrogenesis by inhibition of RhoA, MRTF-A, and SRF expression. Conclusions UC/PL-MSCs suppress TGF-β1-induced fibrogenic activation in HIMFs by blocking the Rho/MRTF/SRF pathway and could be considered as a novel candidate for stem cell-based therapy of intestinal fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1385-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Choi
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-712, South Korea.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jun Bon Koo
- Clinical Research Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | | | - Jin Won Seo
- CHA Biotech, Co. Ltd., Seongnam, South Korea
| | | | - Woo Ram Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Joo Young Cho
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-712, South Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-712, South Korea
| | - Sung Pyo Hong
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-712, South Korea
| | - Duk Hwan Kim
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-712, South Korea.
| | - Jun-Hwan Yoo
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-712, South Korea. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
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Koo JB, Nam MO, Jung Y, Yoo J, Kim DH, Kim G, Shin SJ, Lee KM, Hahm KB, Kim JW, Hong SP, Lee KJ, Yoo JH. Anti-fibrogenic effect of PPAR-γ agonists in human intestinal myofibroblasts. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:73. [PMID: 28592228 PMCID: PMC5463383 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal fibrosis is a serious complication of inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. There is no specific treatment for intestinal fibrosis. Studies have indicated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ (PPAR-γ) agonists have anti-fibrogenic properties in organs besides the gut; however, their effects on human intestinal fibrosis are poorly understood. This study investigated the anti-fibrogenic properties and mechanisms of PPAR-γ agonists on human primary intestinal myofibroblasts (HIFs). Methods HIFs were isolated from normal colonic tissue of patients undergoing resection due to colorectal cancer. HIFs were treated with TGF-β1 and co-incubated with or without one of two synthetic PPAR-γ agonists, troglitazone or rosiglitazone. mRNA and protein expression of procollagen1A1, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin were determined by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. LY294002 (Akt inhibitor) was used to examine whether Akt phosphorylation was a downstream mechanism of TGF-β1 induced expression of procollagen1A1, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin in HIFs. The irreversible PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 was used to investigate whether the effect of PPAR-γ agonists was PPAR-γ dependent. Results Both PPAR-γ agonists reduced the TGF-β1-induced expression of α-smooth muscle actin which was integrated into stress fibers in HIFs, as determined by actin microfilaments fluorescent staining and α-smooth muscle actin-specific immunocytochemistry. PPAR-γ agonists also inhibited TGF-β1-induced mRNA and protein expressions of procollagen1A1, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin. TGF-β1 stimulation increased phosphorylation of downstream signaling molecules Smad2, Akt, and ERK. TGF-β1 induced synthesis of procollagen1A1, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent mechanism. PPAR-γ agonists down regulated fibrogenesis, as shown by inhibition of Akt and Smad2 phosphorylation. This anti-fibrogenic effect was PPAR-γ independent. Conclusions Troglitazone and rosiglitazone suppress TGF-β1-induced synthesis of procollagen1A1, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin in HIFs and may be useful in treating intestinal fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12876-017-0627-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bon Koo
- Clinical Research Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Ok Nam
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Younshin Jung
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-712, South Korea
| | - Jongman Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Duk Hwan Kim
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-712, South Korea
| | - Gwangil Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380, South Korea
| | - Kee Myung Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380, South Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-712, South Korea
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sung Pyo Hong
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-712, South Korea
| | - Kwang Jae Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 443-380, South Korea.
| | - Jun Hwan Yoo
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-712, South Korea.
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Koo JB, Han JS. Cigarette smoke extract-induced interleukin-6 expression is regulated by phospholipase D1 in human bronchial epithelial cells. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41:77-89. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bon Koo
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Korea
| | - Joong-Soo Han
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Korea
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Yoon MS, Koo JB, Jeong YG, Kim YS, Lee JH, Yun HJ, Lee KS, Han JS. Phospholipase D1 as a key enzyme for decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells. Biol Reprod 2006; 76:250-8. [PMID: 17065600 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.056226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Using primary cell cultures of human endometrial stromal cells (ES cells), we investigated the role of phospholipase D (PLD) in 8-Br-cAMP-induced decidualization, which involves morphological and biological differentiation processes. When treated with 0.5 mM 8-Br-cAMP for 12 days, ES cells were transformed into a decidualized morphology and produced significant amounts of prolactin (PRL) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1). Simultaneously, the activity and expression levels of PLD1 increased. In addition, removal of 8-Br-cAMP from decidualized ES cells restored the undifferentiated state, and this was accompanied by decreases in PLD1 promoter activity and PLD1 expression. Overexpression of dominant negative (DN)-PLD1 inhibited the morphological changes induced by 0.5 mM 8-Br-cAMP, whereas PLD1 overexpression induced morphological changes in the absence of 0.5 mM 8-Br-cAMP treatment. Moreover, knockdown of PLD1 by siRNA and blockage of PLD by treatment with 0.3% 1-butanol decreased PRL/IGFBP1 mRNA expression, whereas PLD1 overexpression increased PRL/IGFBP1 mRNA expression. Treatment of ES cells with phosphatidic acid (PA) for 3 days induced PRL mRNA expression and morphological changes, which implies that PA is an end-product of PLD activation-induced decidualization. In addition, pretreatment of ES cells with mepacrine decreased PRL/IGFBP1 expression and inhibited morphological change, whereas pretreatment with propranolol caused no changes, as compared to cAMP-treated cells, which suggests that PA induces decidualization through phospholipase A2 (PLA2G1B). Taken together, these results suggest that PLD1 regulates 8-Br-cAMP-induced decidualization through PLA2G1B, and that PLD1 upregulation is essential for the decidualization of ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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Yoon MS, Koo JB, Hwang JH, Lee KS, Han JS. Activation of phospholipase D by 8-Br-cAMP occurs through novel pathway involving Src, Ras, and ERK in human endometrial stromal cells. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:5635-42. [PMID: 16214133 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2005] [Revised: 08/12/2005] [Accepted: 09/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of 8-Br-cAMP-mediated phospholipase D (PLD) activation using a primary cell culture system of human endometrial stromal cells (ES cells). PLD activity was increased by the treatment of ES cells with 8-Br-cAMP, maximally at 5 min. To determine whether the effects of 8-Br-cAMP on PLD occurred as a consequence of PKC activation, ES cells were preincubated for 15 min with RO320432 (1 microM) and GF109203X (1 microM), the PKC inhibitors, or they were pretreated for 24h with phorbol myristate acetate (100 nM) to downregulate PKC. However, these treatments had no effects on PLD activation induced by 8-Br-cAMP. Furthermore, 8-Br-cAMP had no effects on the subcellular distribution of PKC alpha and PKC betaI, confirming no involvement of PKC. 8-Br-cAMP activated ERK1/2, maximally at 5 min, and PD98059 (MEK inhibitor: 50 microM) and transfection of ES cells with dominant negative (DN)-MEK completely inhibited 8-Br-cAMP-induced PLD activation, suggesting that ERK1/2 mediates the PLD activation. To investigate the involvement of protein kinase A (PKA), Src, and Ras in 8-Br-cAMP-induced PLD activation, we used PKA inhibitor, H89 and Rp-cAMPs, and transfections of DN-Src and DN-Ras. H-89 and Rp-cAMPs completely blocked 8-Br-cAMP-mediated PLD and ERK activation, implying the involvement of PKA in this PLD activation. In addition, transfection of ES cells with DN-Src, or DN-Ras partially inhibited 8-Br-cAMP-induced ERK1/2 and consequently PLD activation, whereas cotransfection of DN-Src and DN-Ras completely inhibited ERK1/2 and PLD activation, suggesting that Src and Ras independently regulate ERK/PLD activation. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel pathway in ES cells that 8-Br-cAMP activate PLD through PKA and ERK1/2 and this ERK/PLD activation by 8-Br-cAMP is mediated by Src and Ras, separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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