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Golebiewski C, Gastaldi C, Vieu DL, Mari B, Rezzonico R, Bernerd F, Marionnet C. Identification and functional validation of SRC and RAPGEF1 as new direct targets of miR-203, involved in regulation of epidermal homeostasis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14006. [PMID: 37635193 PMCID: PMC10460794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermis is mostly composed of keratinocytes and forms a protecting barrier against external aggressions and dehydration. Epidermal homeostasis is maintained by a fine-tuned balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. In the regulation of this process, the keratinocyte-specific miR-203 microRNA is of the outmost importance as it promotes differentiation, notably by directly targeting and down-regulating mRNA expression of genes involved in keratinocyte proliferation, such as ΔNp63, Skp2 and Msi2. We aimed at identifying new miR-203 targets involved in the regulation of keratinocyte proliferation/differentiation balance. To this end, a transcriptome analysis of human primary keratinocytes overexpressing miR-203 was performed and revealed that miR-203 overexpression inhibited functions like proliferation, mitosis and cell cycling, and activated differentiation, apoptosis and cell death. Among the down-regulated genes, 24 putative target mRNAs were identified and 8 of them were related to proliferation. We demonstrated that SRC and RAPGEF1 were direct targets of miR-203. Moreover, both were down-regulated during epidermal morphogenesis in a 3D reconstructed skin model, while miR-203 was up-regulated. Finally silencing experiments showed that SRC or RAPGEF1 contributed to keratinocyte proliferation and regulated their differentiation. Preliminary results suggest their involvement in skin carcinoma hyperproliferation. Altogether this data indicates that RAPGEF1 and SRC could be new mediators of miR-203 in epidermal homeostasis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cécile Gastaldi
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
- LIA BAHN, CSM-UVSQ, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | | | - Bernard Mari
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - Roger Rezzonico
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
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Chandran L, Backer W, Schleutker R, Kong D, Beati SAH, Luschnig S, Müller HAJ. Src42A is required for E-cadherin dynamics at cell junctions during Drosophila axis elongation. Development 2023; 150:286529. [PMID: 36628974 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Src kinases are important regulators of cell adhesion. Here, we have explored the function of Src42A in junction remodelling during Drosophila gastrulation. Src42A is required for tyrosine phosphorylation at bicellular (bAJ) and tricellular (tAJ) junctions in germband cells, and localizes to hotspots of mechanical tension. The role of Src42A was investigated using maternal RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9-induced germline mosaics. We find that, during cell intercalations, Src42A is required for the contraction of junctions at anterior-posterior cell interfaces. The planar polarity of E-cadherin is compromised and E-cadherin accumulates at tricellular junctions after Src42A knockdown. Furthermore, we show that Src42A acts in concert with Abl kinase, which has also been implicated in cell intercalations. Our data suggest that Src42A is involved in two related processes: in addition to establishing tension generated by the planar polarity of MyoII, it may also act as a signalling factor at tAJs to control E-cadherin residence time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin Chandran
- Developmental Genetics, Institut für Biologie, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Wilko Backer
- Institute for Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Raphael Schleutker
- Institute for Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Deqing Kong
- Developmental Genetics, Fachbereich Biologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Seyed A H Beati
- Developmental Genetics, Institut für Biologie, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Stefan Luschnig
- Institute for Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H-Arno J Müller
- Developmental Genetics, Institut für Biologie, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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Zhong T, Feng M, Su M, Wang D, Li Q, Jia S, Luo F, Wang H, Hu E, Yang X, Fan Y. Qihuzha granule attenuated LPS-induced acute spleen injury in mice via Src/MAPK/Stat3 signal pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 281:114458. [PMID: 34352329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qihuzha granule (QHZG), is one of traditional Chinese patent medicines composed of eleven edible medicinal plant, which has been used in the clinic for the treatment of indigestion and anorexia in children caused by deficiency of the spleen and stomach. Yet it is noteworthy that QHZG has therapeutic effect on recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) in children. However, its potential molecular mechanisms remained unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of QHZG on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute spleen injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS The acute spleen injury model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) and safe doses of QHZG was administered by gavage once a day for 23 days before LPS treatment. Serum inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-1β, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were tested by ELISA. Related protein levels were detected by Western blotting. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was employed to observe the histological alterations. The distribution of macrophages and neutrophils in the mouse spleen was examined by immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS QHZG pretreatment significantly abolished the increased secretion of cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-1β, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which were attributable to LPS treatment. Immunofluorescence staining and Histological analysis of spleen tissue revealed the protective effect of QHZG against LPS-induced acute spleen injury in mice. Further study indicated that pretreatment with QHZG significantly inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of Src. Accordingly, the increased phosphorylation of Src downstream components (JNK, ERK, P38 and STAT3) induced by LPS was remarkably diminished by QHZG, suggesting the involvement of Src/MAPK/STAT3 pathway in the inhibitory effects of QHZG on spleen injury in mice. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that QHZG protected mice from LPS-induced acute spleen injury via inhibition of Src/MAPK/Stat3 signal pathway. These results suggested that QHZG might serve as a new drug for the treatment of LPS-stimulated spleen injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Min Feng
- Sunflower Pharmaceutical Group (Guizhou) Hongqi Co., Ltd, Liupanshui, 553400, PR China
| | - Minzhi Su
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Daoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Shuqin Jia
- Guiyang First People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Sunflower Pharmaceutical Group (Guizhou) Hongqi Co., Ltd, Liupanshui, 553400, PR China
| | - Enming Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, PR China
| | - Xiaosheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, PR China.
| | - Yanhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550014, PR China.
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Abdulmawjood B, Costa B, Roma-Rodrigues C, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR. Genetic Biomarkers in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: What Have We Learned So Far? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12516. [PMID: 34830398 PMCID: PMC8626020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a rare malignant proliferative disease of the hematopoietic system, whose molecular hallmark is the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). The Ph chromosome originates an aberrant fusion gene with abnormal kinase activity, leading to the buildup of reactive oxygen species and genetic instability of relevance in disease progression. Several genetic abnormalities have been correlated with CML in the blast phase, including chromosomal aberrations and common altered genes. Some of these genes are involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis and proliferation, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tumor protein p53 (TP53), or Schmidt-Ruppin A-2 proto-oncogene (SRC); cell adhesion, e.g., catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1); or genes associated to TGF-β, such as SKI like proto-oncogene (SKIL), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) or transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2); and TNF-α pathways, such as Tumor necrosis factor (TNFA) or Nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1). The involvement of miRNAs in CML is also gaining momentum, where dysregulation of some critical miRNAs, such as miRNA-451 and miRNA-21, which have been associated to the molecular modulation of pathogenesis, progression of disease states, and response to therapeutics. In this review, the most relevant genomic alterations found in CML will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Abdulmawjood
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.A.); (B.C.); (C.R.-R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Costa
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.A.); (B.C.); (C.R.-R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.A.); (B.C.); (C.R.-R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro V. Baptista
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.A.); (B.C.); (C.R.-R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; (B.A.); (B.C.); (C.R.-R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
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5
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Yang J, Zhang X, Liu L, Yang X, Qian Q, Du B. c-Src promotes the growth and tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma via the Hippo signaling pathway. Life Sci 2021; 264:118711. [PMID: 33186566 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the association between c-Src and the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its underlying mechanisms. The relationship between c-Src expression and the occurrence and development of HCC was explored using GEPIA and further confirmed by western blotting analysis and real-time quantitative PCR. CCK-8, flow cytometry, Transwell, and wound-healing assays were conducted to analyze the effects of c-Src on the growth, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and infiltration of HCC cells. Mouse models of transplanted xenogeneic human tumors were constructed to explore the effects of c-Src on HCC tumor growth. Compared with that in adjacent normal liver tissues, the expression level of c-Src in HCC tissues was significantly increased and was negatively correlated with patient survival. These findings are consistent with those in the GEPIA database. Downregulation of c-Src expression can inhibit the growth, infiltration, and migration of HCC cells. c-Src impeded the translocation of YAP from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and promoted Yes-associated protein transcriptional activity. In vivo experiments showed that c-Src inhibition suppressed tumor growth in mice. We found that c-Src can promote the growth and tumorigenesis of HCC cells by activating the Hippo signaling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/drug effects
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Hippo Signaling Pathway
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/enzymology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Prognosis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China.
| | - Leilei Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second People's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Qingfu Qian
- Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Du
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
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An EJ, Kim Y, Lee SH, Ko HM, Chung WS, Jang HJ. Anti-Cancer Potential of Oxialis obtriangulata in Pancreatic Cancer Cell through Regulation of the ERK/Src/STAT3-Mediated Pathway. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102301. [PMID: 32422890 PMCID: PMC7288118 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As a plant medicine, Oxalidaceae has been used to treat various diseases in Korea. However, there is little data on the anti-cancer efficacy of Oxalidaceae, particularly O. obtriangulata. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effect of O. obtriangulata methanol extract (OOE) and its regulatory actions on pancreatic carcinoma. OOE showed anti-proliferative effects and induced cell death in the colony formation and cell viability assays, respectively. The Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) data confirmed that OOE significantly induced cell cycle accumulation at the G2/M phase and apoptotic effects. Additionally, OOE inhibited the activated ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase)/Src (Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src)/STAT3 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 3) pathways including nuclear translocation of STAT3. Furthermore, suppression of Ki67, PARP(Poly ADP-ribose polymerase), caspase-3, P27(Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B), and c-Myc as well as the STAT3 target genes CDK(cyclin-dependent kinase)1, CDK2, Cyclin B1, VEGF-1(vascular endothelial growth factor-1), MMP-9(Matrix metallopeptidase 9), and Survivin by OOE was observed in BxPC3. We speculate that these molecular actions might support an anti-cancer effect of OOE. In this study, we demonstrated that OOE may be a promising anti-cancer material and may serve as a natural therapy and alternative remedy for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin An
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (E.-J.A.); (Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (H.M.K.)
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Yumi Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (E.-J.A.); (Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (H.M.K.)
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyeon Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (E.-J.A.); (Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (H.M.K.)
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyun Min Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (E.-J.A.); (Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (H.M.K.)
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Won-Seok Chung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (E.-J.A.); (Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (H.M.K.)
- Correspondence: (W.-S.C.); (H.-J.J.)
| | - Hyeung-Jin Jang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (E.-J.A.); (Y.K.); (S.-H.L.); (H.M.K.)
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- College of Korean Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (W.-S.C.); (H.-J.J.)
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7
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Abdulrahim JW, Kwee LC, Grass E, Siegler IC, Williams R, Karra R, Kraus WE, Gregory SG, Shah SH. Epigenome-Wide Association Study for All-Cause Mortality in a Cardiovascular Cohort Identifies Differential Methylation in Castor Zinc Finger 1 ( CASZ1). J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013228. [PMID: 31642367 PMCID: PMC6898816 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is implicated in many chronic diseases and may contribute to mortality. Therefore, we conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) for all-cause mortality with whole-transcriptome data in a cardiovascular cohort (CATHGEN [Catheterization Genetics]). Methods and Results Cases were participants with mortality≥7 days postcatheterization whereas controls were alive with≥2 years of follow-up. The Illumina Human Methylation 450K and EPIC arrays (Illumina, San Diego, CA) were used for the discovery and validation sets, respectively. A linear model approach with empirical Bayes estimators adjusted for confounders was used to assess difference in methylation (Δβ). In the discovery set (55 cases, 49 controls), 25 629 (6.5%) probes were differently methylated (P<0.05). In the validation set (108 cases, 108 controls), 3 probes were differentially methylated with a false discovery rate-adjusted P<0.10: cg08215811 (SLC4A9; log2 fold change=-0.14); cg17845532 (MATK; fold change=-0.26); and cg17944110 (castor zinc finger 1 [CASZ1]; FC=0.26; P<0.0001; false discovery rate-adjusted P=0.046-0.080). Meta-analysis identified 6 probes (false discovery rate-adjusted P<0.05): the 3 above, cg20428720 (intergenic), cg17647904 (NCOR2), and cg23198793 (CAPN3). Messenger RNA expression of 2 MATK isoforms was lower in cases (fold change=-0.24 [P=0.007] and fold change=-0.61 [P=0.009]). The CASZ1, NCOR2, and CAPN3 transcripts did not show differential expression (P>0.05); the SLC4A9 transcript did not pass quality control. The cg17944110 probe is located within a potential regulatory element; expression of predicted targets (using GeneHancer) of the regulatory element, UBIAD1 (P=0.01) and CLSTN1 (P=0.03), were lower in cases. Conclusions We identified 6 novel methylation sites associated with all-cause mortality. Methylation in CASZ1 may serve as a regulatory element associated with mortality in cardiovascular patients. Larger studies are necessary to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawan W. Abdulrahim
- Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDuke University School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | - Lydia Coulter Kwee
- Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDuke University School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | - Elizabeth Grass
- Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDuke University School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | - Ilene C. Siegler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | - Redford Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | - Ravi Karra
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDuke University School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC
| | - Simon G. Gregory
- Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDuke University School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
| | - Svati H. Shah
- Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDuke University School of MedicineDuke UniversityDurhamNC
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC
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8
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Iida M, Sahashi K, Kondo N, Nakatsuji H, Tohnai G, Tsutsumi Y, Noda S, Murakami A, Onodera K, Okada Y, Nakatochi M, Tsukagoshi Okabe Y, Shimizu S, Mizuno M, Adachi H, Okano H, Sobue G, Katsuno M. Src inhibition attenuates polyglutamine-mediated neuromuscular degeneration in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4262. [PMID: 31537808 PMCID: PMC6753158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Here, we perform a comprehensive analysis of signaling pathways in a mouse model of SBMA (AR-97Q mice) utilizing a phosphoprotein assay. We measure the levels of 17 phosphorylated proteins in spinal cord and skeletal muscle of AR-97Q mice at three stages. The level of phosphorylated Src (p-Src) is markedly increased in the spinal cords and skeletal muscles of AR-97Q mice prior to the onset. Intraperitoneal administration of a Src kinase inhibitor improves the behavioral and histopathological phenotypes of the transgenic mice. We identify p130Cas as an effector molecule of Src and show that the phosphorylated p130Cas is elevated in murine and cellular models of SBMA. These results suggest that Src kinase inhibition is a potential therapy for SBMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Iida
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sahashi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Naohide Kondo
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakatsuji
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Genki Tohnai
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Seiya Noda
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Suzuka National Hospital, 3-2-1, Kasado, Suzuka city, Mie, 513-8501, Japan
| | - Ayuka Murakami
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Suzuka National Hospital, 3-2-1, Kasado, Suzuka city, Mie, 513-8501, Japan
| | - Kazunari Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1, Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute-city, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1, Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute-city, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Department of Nursing, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi, 461-8673, Japan
| | - Yuka Tsukagoshi Okabe
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Shinobu Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mizuno
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Adachi
- Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanichi-ku, Kitakyushu-city, Fukuoka, 807-0804, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
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9
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Olivares-Castiñeira I, Llimargas M. Anisotropic Crb accumulation, modulated by Src42A, is coupled to polarised epithelial tube growth in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007824. [PMID: 30475799 PMCID: PMC6283610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The control of the size of internal tubular organs, such as the lungs or vascular system, is critical for proper physiological activity and to prevent disease or malformations. This control incorporates the intrinsic physical anisotropy of tubes to generate proportionate organs that match their function. The exact mechanisms underlying tube size control and how tubular anisotropy is translated at the cellular level are still not fully understood. Here we investigate these mechanisms using the Drosophila tracheal system. We show that the apical polarity protein Crumbs transiently accumulates anisotropically at longitudinal cell junctions during tube elongation. We provide evidence indicating that the accumulation of Crumbs in specific apical domains correlates with apical surface expansion, suggesting a link between the anisotropic accumulation of Crumbs at the cellular level and membrane expansion. We find that Src42A is required for the anisotropic accumulation of Crumbs, thereby identifying the first polarised cell behaviour downstream of Src42A. Our results indicate that Src42A regulates a mechanism that increases the fraction of Crb protein at longitudinal junctions, and genetic interaction experiments are consistent with Crb acting downstream of Src42A in controlling tube size. Collectively, our results suggest a model in which Src42A would sense the inherent anisotropic mechanical tension of the tube and translate it into a polarised Crumbs accumulation, which may promote a bias towards longitudinal membrane expansion, orienting cell elongation and, as a consequence, longitudinal growth at the tissue level. This work provides new insights into the key question of how organ growth is controlled and polarised and unveils the function of two conserved proteins, Crumbs and Src42A, with important roles in development and homeostasis as well as in disease, in this biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette Olivares-Castiñeira
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Llimargas
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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10
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Madhyastha H, Madhyastha R, Nakajima Y, Maruyama M. Deciphering the molecular events during arsenic induced transcription signal cascade activation in cellular milieu. Biometals 2017; 31:7-15. [PMID: 29143154 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic sources of arsenic poses and creates unintentional toxico-pathological concerns to humans in many parts of the world. The understanding of toxicity of this metalloid, which shares properties of both metal and non-metal is principally structured on speciation types and holy grail of toxicity prevention. Visible symptoms of arsenic toxicity include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. In this review, we focused on the dermal cell stress caused by trivalent arsenic trioxide and pentavalent arsanilic acid. Deciphering the molecular events involved during arsenic toxicity and signaling cascade interaction is key in arsenicosis prevention. FoxO1 and FoxO2 transcription factors, members of the Forkhead/Fox family, play important roles in this aspect. Like Foxo family proteins, ATM/CHK signaling junction also plays important role in DNA nuclear factor guided cellular development. This review will summarize and discuss current knowledge about the interplay of these pathways in arsenic induced dermal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 8891692, Japan
| | - Radha Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 8891692, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 8891692, Japan
| | - Masugi Maruyama
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 8891692, Japan.
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11
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Zhang X, Yuan X, Chen L, Wei H, Chen J, Li T. The change in retinoic acid receptor signaling induced by prenatal marginal vitamin A deficiency and its effects on learning and memory. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 47:75-85. [PMID: 28570942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the prenatal marginal vitamin A deficiency (mVAD)-related impairment in learning and memory and the interactions between RARα, Src and NR1. Learning and memory were assessed in adult rats that were exposed to prenatal mVAD with Morris water maze. The average escape time was longer in mVAD rats, and they passed the hidden platform fewer times during the memory retention test than normal vitamin A intake (VAN) rats. The mRNA and protein levels of RARα, Src and NR1 in mVAD rats were significantly lower than those in VAN rats. RARα and Src, but not NR1, were in the same protein complex. RA treatment-induced increase in RARα, Src and NR1 expressions in mVAD neurons was much lower than that in VAN neurons. Overexpression of RARα gene in VAN neurons induced an increase in RARα, Src and NR1 expressions, while silencing of RARα gene induced a decrease in expressions of RARα and Src, but not that of of NR1. In mVAD neurons, however, overexpression of RARα did not induce an increase in NR1 expression, while silencing of RARα gene had no effect on Src and NR1 expressions. Furthermore, inhibition of Src was associated with a decrease in NR1 expression but not that of RARα. Prenatal mVAD was associated with impaired learning and memory in adult rats. It is possible that mVAD-related decrease in RARα led to a decrease in Src expression, which in turn down-regulated NR1 expression and Ca2+ influx and eventually caused learning and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Primary Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R. China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xingang Yuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R. China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R. China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China; Clinical Psychology Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R. China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China; Children's Nutrition Research Center, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Department of Primary Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R. China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P.R. China.
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12
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Imamura K, Izumi Y, Watanabe A, Tsukita K, Woltjen K, Yamamoto T, Hotta A, Kondo T, Kitaoka S, Ohta A, Tanaka A, Watanabe D, Morita M, Takuma H, Tamaoka A, Kunath T, Wray S, Furuya H, Era T, Makioka K, Okamoto K, Fujisawa T, Nishitoh H, Homma K, Ichijo H, Julien JP, Obata N, Hosokawa M, Akiyama H, Kaneko S, Ayaki T, Ito H, Kaji R, Takahashi R, Yamanaka S, Inoue H. The Src/c-Abl pathway is a potential therapeutic target in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:eaaf3962. [PMID: 28539470 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal disease causing progressive loss of motor neurons, still has no effective treatment. We developed a phenotypic screen to repurpose existing drugs using ALS motor neuron survival as readout. Motor neurons were generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from an ALS patient with a mutation in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Results of the screen showed that more than half of the hits targeted the Src/c-Abl signaling pathway. Src/c-Abl inhibitors increased survival of ALS iPSC-derived motor neurons in vitro. Knockdown of Src or c-Abl with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) also rescued ALS motor neuron degeneration. One of the hits, bosutinib, boosted autophagy, reduced the amount of misfolded mutant SOD1 protein, and attenuated altered expression of mitochondrial genes. Bosutinib also increased survival in vitro of ALS iPSC-derived motor neurons from patients with sporadic ALS or other forms of familial ALS caused by mutations in TAR DNA binding protein (TDP-43) or repeat expansions in C9orf72 Furthermore, bosutinib treatment modestly extended survival of a mouse model of ALS with an SOD1 mutation, suggesting that Src/c-Abl may be a potentially useful target for developing new drugs to treat ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Imamura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kayoko Tsukita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Knut Woltjen
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kondo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shiho Kitaoka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Ohta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akito Tanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Dai Watanabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuya Morita
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takuma
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tilo Kunath
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Selina Wray
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Hirokazu Furuya
- Department of Neurology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Takumi Era
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kouki Makioka
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital, Maebashi 371-0847, Japan
| | - Takao Fujisawa
- Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideki Nishitoh
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1601, Japan
| | - Kengo Homma
- Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Research Centre of Mental Health Institute of Quebec (IUSMQ), Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Nanako Obata
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masato Hosokawa
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Neurology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1191, Japan
| | - Takashi Ayaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kaji
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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13
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Kumar S, Sun X, Noonepalle SK, Lu Q, Zemskov E, Wang T, Aggarwal S, Gross C, Sharma S, Desai AA, Hou Y, Dasarathy S, Qu N, Reddy V, Lee SG, Cherian-Shaw M, Yuan JXJ, Catravas JD, Rafikov R, Garcia JGN, Black SM. Hyper-activation of pp60 Src limits nitric oxide signaling by increasing asymmetric dimethylarginine levels during acute lung injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:217-228. [PMID: 27838434 PMCID: PMC5449193 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which the endothelial barrier becomes compromised during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mediated acute lung injury (ALI) are still unresolved. We have previously reported that the disruption of the endothelial barrier is due, at least in part, to the uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and increased peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of RhoA. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which LPS induces eNOS uncoupling during ALI. Exposure of pulmonary endothelial cells (PAEC) to LPS increased pp60Src activity and this correlated with an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production, but also an increase in NOS derived superoxide, peroxynitrite formation and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels. These effects could be simulated by the over-expression of a constitutively active pp60Src (Y527FSrc) mutant and attenuated by over-expression of dominant negative pp60Src mutant or reducing pp60Src expression. LPS induces both RhoA nitration and endothelial barrier disruption and these events were attenuated when pp60Src expression was reduced. Endothelial NOS uncoupling correlated with an increase in the levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in both LPS exposed and Y527FSrc over-expressing PAEC. The effects in PAEC were also recapitulated when we transiently over-expressed Y527FSrc in the mouse lung. Finally, we found that the pp60-Src-mediated decrease in DDAH activity was mediated by the phosphorylation of DDAH II at Y207 and that a Y207F mutant DDAH II was resistant to pp60Src-mediated inhibition. We conclude that pp60Src can directly inhibit DDAH II and this is involved in the increased ADMA levels that enhance eNOS uncoupling during the development of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Kumar
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Xutong Sun
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Evgeny Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christine Gross
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yali Hou
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sridevi Dasarathy
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ning Qu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Vijay Reddy
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sung Gon Lee
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center and the Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - John D Catravas
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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14
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Chien PTY, Lin CC, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. c-Src/Pyk2/EGFR/PI3K/Akt/CREB-activated pathway contributes to human cardiomyocyte hypertrophy: Role of COX-2 induction. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 409:59-72. [PMID: 25869400 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin and COX-2 regulating cardiac hypertrophy are via various signaling cascades. Several transcriptional factors including CREB involve in COX-2 expression. However, the interplay among thrombin, CREB, and COX-2 in primary human neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes remains unclear. In this study, thrombin-induced COX-2 promoter activity, mRNA and protein expression, and PGE2 synthesis were attenuated by pretreatment with the inhibitors of c-Src (PP1), Pyk2 (PF431396), EGFR (AG1478), PI3K/Akt (LY294002/SH-5), and p300 (GR343), or transfection with siRNAs of c-Src, Pyk2, EGFR, p110, Akt, CREB, and p300. Moreover, thrombin-stimulated phosphorylation of c-Src, Pyk2, EGFR, Akt, CREB and p300 was attenuated by their respective inhibitors. These results indicate that thrombin-induced COX-2 expression is mediated through PAR-1/c-Src/Pyk2/EGFR/PI3K/Akt linking to CREB and p300 cascades. Functionally, thrombin-induced hypertrophy and ANF/BNP release were, at least in part, mediated through a PAR-1/COX-2-dependent pathway. We uncover the importance of COX-2 regarding human cardiomyocyte hypertrophy that will provide a therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tzu-Yu Chien
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Ageing Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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15
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Wei C, Ren H, Xu L, Li L, Liu R, Zhang L, Zhao F, Lu J, Zhang X, Du L. Signals of Ezh2, Src, and Akt Involve in myostatin-Pax7 pathways regulating the myogenic fate determination during the sheep myoblast proliferation and differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120956. [PMID: 25811841 PMCID: PMC4374906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin and Pax7 have been well documented individually, however, the mechanism by which Myostatin regulates Pax7 is seldom reported. Here, based on muscle transcriptome analysis in Texel (Myostatin mutant) and Ujumqin (wild type) sheep across the five fetal stages, we constructed and examined the Myostatin-Pax7 pathways in muscle. Then we validated the signals by RNAi in the proliferating and differentiating sheep myoblasts in vitro at mRNA, protein, and cell morphological levels. We reveal that Myostatin signals to Pax7 at least through Ezh2, Src, and Akt during the sheep myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Other signals such as p38MAPK, mTOR, Erk1/2, Wnt, Bmp2, Smad, Tgfb1, and p21 are most probably involved in the Myostatin-affected myogenic events. Myostatin knockdown significantly reduces the counts of nucleus and myotube, but not the fusion index of myoblasts during cell differentiation. In addition, findings also indicate that Myostatin is required for normal myogenic differentiation of the sheep myoblasts, which is different from the C2C12 myoblasts. We expand the regulatory network of Myostatin-Pax7 pathways and first illustrate that Myostatin as a global regulator participates in the epigenetic events involved in myogenesis, which contributes to understand the molecular mechanism of Myostatin in regulation of myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wei
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hangxing Ren
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingyang Xu
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruizao Liu
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuping Zhao
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Lu
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Du
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Palchetti S, Starace D, De Cesaris P, Filippini A, Ziparo E, Riccioli A. Transfected poly(I:C) activates different dsRNA receptors, leading to apoptosis or immunoadjuvant response in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5470-83. [PMID: 25568326 PMCID: PMC4342463 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.601625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of surgery or radiation therapy for the treatment of early-stage prostate cancer (PCa), there is currently no effective strategy for late-stage disease. New therapeutic targets are emerging; in particular, dsRNA receptors Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and cytosolic helicases expressed by cancer cells, once activated, exert a pro-apoptotic effect in different tumors. We previously demonstrated that the synthetic analog of dsRNA poly(I:C) induces apoptosis in the androgen-dependent PCa cell line LNCaP in a TLR3-dependent fashion, whereas only a weak apoptotic effect is observed in the more aggressive and androgen-independent PCa cells PC3 and DU145. In this paper, we characterize the receptors and the signaling pathways involved in the remarkable apoptosis induced by poly(I:C) transfected by Lipofectamine (in-poly(I:C)) compared with the 12-fold higher free poly(I:C) concentration in PC3 and DU145 cells. By using genetic inhibition of different poly(I:C) receptors, we demonstrate the crucial role of TLR3 and Src in in-poly(I:C)-induced apoptosis. Therefore, we show that the increased in-poly(I:C) apoptotic efficacy is due to a higher binding of endosomal TLR3. On the other hand, we show that in-poly(I:C) binding to cytosolic receptors MDA5 and RIG-I triggers IRF3-mediated signaling, leading uniquely to the up-regulation of IFN-β, which likely in turn induces increased TLR3, MDA5, and RIG-I proteins. In summary, in-poly(I:C) activates two distinct antitumor pathways in PC3 and DU145 cells: one mediated by the TLR3/Src/STAT1 axis, leading to apoptosis, and the other one mediated by MDA5/RIG-I/IRF3, leading to immunoadjuvant IFN-β expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Palchetti
- From the Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedics, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy and
| | - Donatella Starace
- From the Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedics, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy and
| | - Paola De Cesaris
- the Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- From the Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedics, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy and
| | - Elio Ziparo
- From the Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedics, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy and
| | - Anna Riccioli
- From the Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedics, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy and
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17
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Mittal M, Urao N, Hecquet CM, Zhang M, Sudhahar V, Gao XP, Komarova Y, Ushio-Fukai M, Malik AB. Novel role of reactive oxygen species-activated Trp melastatin channel-2 in mediating angiogenesis and postischemic neovascularization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:877-87. [PMID: 25675998 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transient receptor potential melastatin-2 (TRPM2) channel is a nonselective cation channel that mediates influx of Ca(2+) and Na(+) with relative permeability of PCa:PNa ≈0.6 in response to cellular oxidative stress. As angiogenesis and ischemic neovascularization are both significantly dependent on oxidant signaling, here we investigated the possible role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced reactive oxygen species production in activating TRPM2-dependent Ca(2+) signaling and in the mechanism of angiogenesis and ischemic neovascularization. APPROACH AND RESULTS We observed that VEGF stimulation rapidly induced the association of TRPM2 and cellular Src kinase with vascular endothelial-cadherin forming a signalplex at vascular endothelial-cadherin junctions in endothelial cells. Using endothelial cells isolated from TRPM2(-/-) mice or after small interfering RNA depletion of TRPM2, we demonstrated that TRPM2-activated Ca(2+) signaling was required for cellular Src kinase-induced phosphorylation of vascular endothelial-cadherin at Y658 and Y731, the crucial sites involved in vascular endothelial-cadherin internalization in response to VEGF. VEGF-induced reactive oxygen species generation activated TRPM2-induced Ca(2+) entry, whereas the reactive oxygen species-insensitive TRPM2 mutant (C1008→A) showed impaired Ca(2+) entry. Endothelial cells depleted of TRPM2 also displayed significantly perturbed migratory phenotype and impaired activation of cellular Src in response to VEGF. TRPM2(-/-) mice reconstituted with wild-type myeloid cells demonstrated aberrant angiogenesis and neovascularization in the hindlimb ischemia model as compared with wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS VEGF-induced angiogenesis and postischemic neovascularization in mice required reactive oxygen species generation in endothelial cells and resultant TRPM2 activation. Thus, our findings provide novel insight into the role of TRPM2 in mechanism of angiogenesis and ischemic neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Mittal
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Norifumi Urao
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Claudie M Hecquet
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Min Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Varadarajan Sudhahar
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Xiao-Pei Gao
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Yulia Komarova
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Asrar B Malik
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago.
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18
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Villacis RAR, Silveira SM, Barros-Filho MC, Marchi FA, Domingues MAC, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Aguiar S, Lopes A, Cunha IW, Rogatto SR. Gene expression profiling in leiomyosarcomas and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas: SRC as a new diagnostic marker. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102281. [PMID: 25028927 PMCID: PMC4100821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS) and high-grade Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) are soft tissue tumors with an aggressive clinical behavior, frequently developing local recurrence and distant metastases. Despite several gene expression studies involving soft tissue sarcomas, the potential to identify molecular markers has been limited, mostly due to small sample size, in-group heterogeneity and absence of detailed clinical data. Materials and Methods Gene expression profiling was performed for 22 LMS and 22 UPS obtained from untreated patients. To assess the relevance of the gene signature, a meta-analysis was performed using five published studies. Four genes (BAD, MYOCD, SRF and SRC) selected from the gene signature, meta-analysis and functional in silico analysis were further validated by quantitative PCR. In addition, protein-protein interaction analysis was applied to validate the data. SRC protein immunolabeling was assessed in 38 UPS and 52 LMS. Results We identified 587 differentially expressed genes between LMS and UPS, of which 193 corroborated with other studies. Cluster analysis of the data failed to discriminate LMS from UPS, although it did reveal a distinct molecular profile for retroperitoneal LMS, which was characterized by the over-expression of smooth muscle-specific genes. Significantly higher levels of expression for BAD, SRC, SRF, and MYOCD were confirmed in LMS when compared with UPS. SRC was the most value discriminator to distinguish both sarcomas and presented the highest number of interaction in the in silico protein-protein analysis. SRC protein labeling showed high specificity and a positive predictive value therefore making it a candidate for use as a diagnostic marker in LMS. Conclusions Retroperitoneal LMS presented a unique gene signature. SRC is a putative diagnostic marker to differentiate LMS from UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando A. R. Villacis
- Neogene Laboratory, Research Center (CIPE), A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara M. Silveira
- Neogene Laboratory, Research Center (CIPE), A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus C. Barros-Filho
- Neogene Laboratory, Research Center (CIPE), A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio A. Marchi
- Inter-Institutional Grad Program on Bioinformatics, Mathematics and Statistics Institute, USP - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A. C. Domingues
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Samuel Aguiar
- Department of Pelvic Surgery, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ademar Lopes
- Department of Pelvic Surgery, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela W. Cunha
- Department of Pathology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia R. Rogatto
- Neogene Laboratory, Research Center (CIPE), A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Peterson LK, Pennington LF, Shaw LA, Brown M, Treacy EC, Friend SF, Hatlevik Ø, Rubtsova K, Rubtsov AV, Dragone LL. SLAP deficiency decreases dsDNA autoantibody production. Clin Immunol 2014; 150:201-9. [PMID: 24440645 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Src-like adaptor protein (SLAP) adapts c-Cbl, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, to activated components of the BCR signaling complex regulating BCR levels and signaling in developing B cells. Based on this function, we asked whether SLAP deficiency could decrease the threshold for tolerance and eliminate development of autoreactive B cells in two models of autoantibody production. First, we sensitized mice with a dsDNA mimetope that causes an anti-dsDNA response. Despite equivalent production of anti-peptide antibodies compared to BALB/c controls, SLAP(-/-) mice did not produce anti-dsDNA. Second, we used the 56R tolerance model. SLAP(-/-) 56R mice had decreased levels of dsDNA-reactive antibodies compared to 56R mice due to skewed light chain usage. Thus, SLAP is a critical regulator of B-cell development and function and its deficiency leads to decreased autoreactive B cells that are otherwise maintained by inefficient receptor editing or failed negative selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Luke F Pennington
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Laura A Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Meredith Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Eric C Treacy
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Samantha F Friend
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Øyvind Hatlevik
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Kira Rubtsova
- Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Anatoly V Rubtsov
- Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Leonard L Dragone
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Colorado Children's Hospital, 13123 E. 16th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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20
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Zhang XQ, Liu CS, Yan XL, Cheng XL, Liu J, Wang QL, Liu K, Wei SL. [Sequence analysis and identification of a chloroplast matK gene in Rhei Rhizoma from different botanical origins]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2013; 48:1722-1728. [PMID: 24475712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rhei Rhizoma is a Chinese medicine with multiple botanical origins. There is a problem to identify it with conventional methods. To compare the characteristics of chloroplast matK gene sequences of different Rheum species and authenticate inspected species, the matK gene sequences of different species from different origins were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. Genomic DNA of Rheum plants was extracted using modified DNA extracted Kit and matK gene sequences were analyzed by ContingExpress, DNAman and MEGA5.0. The length of matK gene sequences of Rheum palmatum, R. tanguticum and R. officinale were 1 518 bp containing 57 variable loci. According to the mutation sites, R. palmatum, R. tanguticum and R. officinale were divided into different genotypes separately. Based on the established method according to the loci 587, 707, 838, we successfully identified the genuine Rheum species from its adulterants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-qin Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Chun-sheng Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xing-li Yan
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xiao-li Cheng
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Qiu-ling Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Sheng-li Wei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
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21
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Yuan D, Wu X, Chen X, Jiang X. [Src homology and collagen homology (Shc) mediates autophagy induced by troglitazone in PAE cells]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2013; 53:1072-1079. [PMID: 24409763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the mechanism of Src homology and collagen homology (Shc) in autophagy caused by troglitazone (TZ). METHODS To reveal the regulatory role of p52Shc in autophagy, we used confocal microscopy and immunoblotting to examine autophagy induced by TZ. Then we used small RNA interference (siRNA) to deplete Shc and plasmids transfection to overexpress wtShc as well as 3mShc in PAE cells. Finally, we reached conclusion by detecting autophagic status following the deprivation of UNC-51-like kinase 1 (Ulk1) by siRNA. RESULTS We found that the deprivation of Shc showed to enhance autophagy, whereas p52Shc over expression suppressed TZ-depended autophagy concurring with an attenuated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Ulk1 signaling. Besides, it demonstrated that p52Shc tyrosine sites of 239, 240 and 317 implemented a critical role in the process. CONCLUSION Collectively, Shc adaptor protein was involved in TZ-inducing autophagy likely via affecting AMPK and Ulk1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiangqin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiuling Chen
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Brys Z, Pluhar A, Kis JT, Buda B, Szabo A. Network analysis of neurotransmitter related human kinase genes: possible role of SRC, RAF1, PTK2B? Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2013; 15:165-171. [PMID: 24108181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous co-expression analysis of human kinase genes highlighted 119 genes in neurotransmitter-related activity (based on Go:Terms). Using a merged interactome dataset, we analyzed the network of these Neurotransmitter Related Human Kinase Genes. Using the full interactome dataset we extended the network and calculating degrees and closeness centralities we identified SRC, MAPK1, RAF1, PTK2B and AKT1 kinase genes as potentially relevant nodes which did not show relevant activity in the original experimental study. As AKT1 and MAPK1 have already been indicated in various neuronal functions, we hypothesize a potential direct or indirect role for SRC, RAF1, PTK2B genes in neurotransmission and in central nervous system signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Brys
- Literatura Medica Network Research Section, Budapest, Hungary.
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Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTPα) functions as an activator of Src by dephosphorylating Tyr527/530, a critical negative regulatory site. The increase of PTPα catalytic activity requires its phosphorylation at Ser180 and/or Ser204 and its dissociation from PTPα/Grb2 complex. Here, we show that epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation increases the ability of PTPα to activate Src by dephosphorylating Tyr530 in BT-20 and SKBR3 breast cancer cell lines. Treatment of these cells with EGF transiently decreased the association of PTPα with Grb2 and enhanced PTPα catalytic activity via Ser180 and Ser204 phosphorylation that was blocked by the protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) inhibitor rottlerin or knockdown of PKCδ by siRNA or by the overexpression of PTPαS180A/S204A mutant. PTPα siRNA blocked EGF-mediated Src activation in cancer cells and inhibited on colony formation, whereas control siRNA did not. These results suggested that PTPα links activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling with Src activation and may provide a novel therapeutic target for treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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24
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Muppala S, Mudduluru G, Leupold JH, Buergy D, Sleeman JP, Allgayer H. CD24 induces expression of the oncomir miR-21 via Src, and CD24 and Src are both post-transcriptionally downregulated by the tumor suppressor miR-34a. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59563. [PMID: 23533633 PMCID: PMC3606220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease process that evolves as a consequence of multiple malfunctions in key regulatory molecular networks. Understanding these networks will be essential to combat cancer. In this study, we focussed on central players in such networks. In a series of colon and breast cancer cell lines, we found that CD24 activates Src, and induces the activation of c-Jun and expression of c-Jun and c-Fos. Thereby CD24 increases the promoter activity and expression of miR-21, which in turn suppresses expression of Pdcd4 and PTEN. Co-transfection of a CD24 expression construct and an siRNA that silences Src showed that CD24-dependent upregulation of miR-21 is mediated by Src. Additionally, we found that miR-34a post-transcriptionally downregulates CD24 and Src expression, leading to the deactivation of c-Jun, reduced expression of c-Jun and c-Fos, inhibition of miR-21, and upregulation of Pdcd4 and PTEN. Furthermore, miR-34a-mediated inhibition of Src expression reduced migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Resected tumor tissues from 26 colorectal patients showed significantly lower expression of Pdcd4 and miR-34a, and higher expression of CD24, Src and miR-21 compared to the corresponding normal tissues. Moreover, CD24 positively correlated with the amount of Src protein in tumor tissues, and a trend towards an inverse correlation between miR-34a and Src protein levels was also observed. Our results reveal essential players in the complex networks that regulate the progression of solid tumors such as colorectal cancer. These findings therefore identify novel therapeutic approaches for combating tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santoshi Muppala
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim and Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giridhar Mudduluru
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim and Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg H. Leupold
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim and Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Buergy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jonathan P. Sleeman
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- KIT Karlsruhe Campus Nord, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim and Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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25
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Kazi JU, Rönnstrand L. Src-Like adaptor protein (SLAP) binds to the receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3 and modulates receptor stability and downstream signaling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53509. [PMID: 23300935 PMCID: PMC3534055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) is an important growth factor receptor in hematopoiesis. Gain-of-function mutations of the receptor contribute to the transformation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Src-like adaptor protein (SLAP) is an interaction partner of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl that can regulate receptor tyrosine kinases-mediated signal transduction. In this study, we analyzed the role of SLAP in signal transduction downstream of the type III receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3. The results show that upon ligand stimulation SLAP stably associates with Flt3 through multiple phosphotyrosine residues in Flt3. SLAP constitutively interacts with oncogenic Flt3-ITD and co-localizes with Flt3 near the cell membrane. This association initiates Cbl-dependent receptor ubiquitination and degradation. Depletion of SLAP expression by shRNA in Flt3-transfected Ba/F3 cells resulted in a weaker activation of FL-induced PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling. Meta-analysis of microarray data from patient samples suggests that SLAP mRNA is differentially expressed in different cancers and its expression was significantly increased in patients carrying the Flt3-ITD mutation. Thus, our data suggest a novel role of SLAP in different cancers and in modulation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling apart from its conventional role in regulation of receptor stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U. Kazi
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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26
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Czimmerer Z, Varga T, Poliska S, Nemet I, Szanto A, Nagy L. Identification of novel markers of alternative activation and potential endogenous PPARγ ligand production mechanisms in human IL-4 stimulated differentiating macrophages. Immunobiology 2012; 217:1301-14. [PMID: 22954708 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.08.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Czimmerer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Life Science Building, Egyetem ter 1, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
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27
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Abstract
The functional significance of decreased RAP1GAP protein expression in human tumors is unclear. To identify targets of RAP1GAP downregulation in the thyroid gland, RAP1 and RAP2 protein expression in human thyroid cells and in primary thyroid tumors were analyzed. RAP1GAP and RAP2 were co-expressed in normal thyroid follicular cells. Intriguingly, RAP1 was not detected in normal thyroid cells, although it was detected in papillary thyroid carcinomas, which also expressed RAP2. Both RAP proteins were detected at the membrane in papillary thyroid tumors, suggesting that they are activated when RAP1GAP is downregulated. To explore the functional significance of RAP1GAP depletion, RAP1GAP was transiently expressed at the lowest level that is sufficient to block endogenous RAP2 activity in papillary and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines. RAP1GAP impaired the ability of cells to spread and migrate on collagen. Although RAP1GAP had no effect on protein tyrosine phosphorylation in growing cells, RAP1GAP impaired phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin at sites phosphorylated by SRC in cells acutely plated on collagen. SRC activity was increased in suspended cells, where it was inhibited by RAP1GAP. Inhibition of SRC kinase activity impaired cell spreading and motility. These findings identify SRC as a target of RAP1GAP depletion and suggest that the downregulation of RAP1GAP in thyroid tumors enhances SRC-dependent signals that regulate cellular architecture and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Dong
- Department of Pharmacology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate how diabetes mellitus (DM) influences responsiveness of retinal neovessels to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. To this end, we used an ex vivo assay in which neovessels sprouted from retinal explants (isolated from either control or DM mice) when cultured between two layers of collagen and in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor-A. While DM had no effect on the formation of neovessels, it prevented LPA-induced regression. High-glucose (HG) treatment of retinal explants mimicked the DM phenotype. Similarly, primary retinal endothelial cells (RECs), which were subjected to HG treatment, organized into tubes that were resistant to LPA. HG caused LPA resistance within RECs by elevating ROS, which activated Src-family kinases that stimulated the extracellular signal-related kinase (Erk) pathway, which antagonized LPA-mediated signaling events that were required for regression. This ROS/Src/Erk pathway mechanism appeared to be the same route by which DM induced LPA resistance of retinal neovessels. We conclude that DM/HG reprograms signaling pathways in RECs to induce a state of LPA resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Aranda
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruta Motiejunaite
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eunok Im
- Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrius Kazlauskas
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Corresponding author: Andrius Kazlauskas,
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Du XY, Tang DF, Huang J, Xu YH, Chen WY, Zheng LP, Zheng YH. [Preliminary study about the role of c-src in the initiation of primordial follicle in rat ovary]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2011; 27:490-494. [PMID: 22295534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of c-src on the initiation of primordial follicles. METHODS 2-days-old female SD rats' ovaries were cultured in Waymouth culture system and were used HE staining and immunohistochemy to observe the number of follicles after 0, 4, 8 days cultured. Use chemically synthesized small interference RNA (siRNA) transfected into ovarian tissue in cultured for RNA interference, and use HE staining and RT-PCR to detect the best siRNA and packaging it by lentiviruses to test the interference effect. RESULTS With the increase of culturing days, the nummber of the primordial follicles in ovarian gradually reduced. We packed the best siRNA by lentiviruses to doing RNA interference and found comparing with the blank control group and blank vector group, c-src mRNA of the best interference group were significantly decreased. The total number of primordial follicles was relatively greater and the development of primordial folliculars was inhibited. CONCLUSION c-src plays an important role in primordial follicle development and folliculogenesis initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Du
- Department of Physiology Reproduction, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang 330006, China
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30
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Ceppi P, Rapa I, Lo Iacono M, Righi L, Giorcelli J, Pautasso M, Billè A, Ardissone F, Papotti M, Scagliotti GV. Expression and pharmacological inhibition of thymidylate synthase and Src kinase in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:1777-86. [PMID: 21618517 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy with signaling pathway inhibitors represents a potential strategy to improve the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an enzyme essential for DNA synthesis, and its overexpression has been associated with the reduced sensitivity to antifolate agents. Src is a tyrosine kinase that modulates the cytotoxicity of cancer cells after drug treatment, and in vitro data indicate that its inhibition could revert the resistance to TS-inhibiting drugs. Our study investigated the significance of TS and Src expression in NSCLC tissues, and the effects of their pharmacological inhibition in cell lines. In tumor and normal tissues from 94 resected NSCLC patients, TS and Src transcript levels were found positively correlated (R(S) = 0.66), associated with patients smoking history and overall survival. At multivariate analysis, TS gene expression was an independent prognostic factor (relative risk (RR) = 1.78, from 1.16 to 2.72; p < 0.01). Immunohistochemical detection in tumor specimens confirmed that Src kinase activation, evaluated by phospho-specific antibody, was associated to a higher TS expression. In cell lines, dasatinib, a Src-inhibiting agent, synergistically enhanced pemetrexed-cytotoxicity of A549 cells, as evaluated by MTT and apoptosis assays. The biological explanation for this interaction was based on the upregulation of TS messenger RNA and protein levels induced by pemetrexed, which was significantly prevented by dasatinib cotreatment. The data of our study suggest that TS and Src may belong to a common pathway that bears prognostic significance in NSCLC, and that Src represents a potential target to improve the efficacy of TS-inhibiting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ceppi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy.
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Heldsinger A, Grabauskas G, Song I, Owyang C. Synergistic interaction between leptin and cholecystokinin in the rat nodose ganglia is mediated by PI3K and STAT3 signaling pathways: implications for leptin as a regulator of short term satiety. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:11707-15. [PMID: 21270124 PMCID: PMC3064222 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.198945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that the synergistic interaction between vagal cholecystokinin-A receptors (CCKARs) and leptin receptors (LRbs) mediates short term satiety. We hypothesize that this synergistic interaction is mediated by cross-talk between signaling cascades used by CCKARs and LRbs, which, in turn, activates closure of K(+) channels, leading to membrane depolarization and neuronal firing. Whole cell patch clamp recordings were performed on isolated rat nodose ganglia neurons. Western immunoblots elucidated the intracellular signaling pathways that modulate leptin/CCK synergism. In addition, STAT3, PI3K, Src, and MAPK genes were silenced by lentiviral infection and transient Lipofectamine transfection of cultured rat nodose ganglia to determine the effect of these molecules on leptin/CCK synergism. Patch clamp studies showed that a combination of leptin and CCK-8 caused a significant increase in membrane input resistance compared with leptin or CCK-8 alone. Silencing the STAT3 gene abolished the synergistic action of leptin/CCK-8 on neuronal firing. Leptin/CCK-8 synergistically stimulated a 7.7-fold increase in phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), which was inhibited by AG490, C3 transferase, PP2, LY294002, and wortmannin, but not PD98059. Silencing the Src and PI3K genes resulted in a loss of leptin/CCK-stimulated pSTAT3. We conclude that the synergistic interaction between vagal CCKARs and LRbs is mediated by the phosphorylation of STAT3, which, in turn, activates closure of K(+) channels, leading to membrane depolarization and neuronal firing. This involves the interaction between CCK/Src/PI3K cascades and leptin/JAK2/PI3K/STAT3 signaling pathways. Malfunctioning of these signaling molecules may result in eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Heldsinger
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Gintautas Grabauskas
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Il Song
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Chung Owyang
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Sancier F, Dumont A, Sirvent A, Paquay de Plater L, Edmonds T, David G, Jan M, de Montrion C, Cogé F, Léonce S, Burbridge M, Bruno A, Boutin JA, Lockhart B, Roche S, Cruzalegui F. Specific oncogenic activity of the Src-family tyrosine kinase c-Yes in colon carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17237. [PMID: 21390316 PMCID: PMC3044743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Yes, a member of the Src tyrosine kinase family, is found highly activated in colon carcinoma but its importance relative to c-Src has remained unclear. Here we show that, in HT29 colon carcinoma cells, silencing of c-Yes, but not of c-Src, selectively leads to an increase of cell clustering associated with a localisation of β-catenin at cell membranes and a reduction of expression of β-catenin target genes. c-Yes silencing induced an increase in apoptosis, inhibition of growth in soft-agar and in mouse xenografts, inhibition of cell migration and loss of the capacity to generate liver metastases in mice. Re-introduction of c-Yes, but not c -Src, restores transforming properties of c-Yes depleted cells. Moreover, we found that c-Yes kinase activity is required for its role in β-catenin localisation and growth in soft agar, whereas kinase activity is dispensable for its role in cell migration. We conclude that c-Yes regulates specific oncogenic signalling pathways important for colon cancer progression that is not shared with c-Src.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurélie Dumont
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Audrey Sirvent
- Equipe labellisée LA LIGUE 2009, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, UMR5237 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Thomas Edmonds
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Michel Jan
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Francis Cogé
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | | | | | - Alain Bruno
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean A. Boutin
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Brian Lockhart
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Serge Roche
- Equipe labellisée LA LIGUE 2009, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, UMR5237 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (FC); (SR)
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Pastuszak-Gabinowska M, Peregud-Pogorzelski J, Łuksza K, Sznelewski P, Brodkiewicz A. [Some aspects of molecular bases of keloid formation]. Ann Acad Med Stetin 2011; 57:10-17. [PMID: 23002663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Keloid scarring, also known as keloid disease, is a benign, locally aggressive fibroproliferative scar overgrowth that expands with involvement of adjacent healthy skin. The pathogenesis of keloid disease has not been fully elucidated. In recent years, many reports have been published that unequivocally reveal genetic predispositions to keloid formation. Basing on the available literature, the authors present the most recent research on some aspects of molecular bases of keloid scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pastuszak-Gabinowska
- Klinika Chorób Skórnych i Wenerycznych Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin
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Lin FL, Chang CI, Chuang KP, Wang CY, Liu HJ. Advanced glycation end products down-regulate gap junctions in human hepatoma SKHep 1 cells via the activation of Src-dependent ERK1/2 and JNK/SAPK/AP1 signaling pathways. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:8636-8642. [PMID: 20681653 DOI: 10.1021/jf904240c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with an elevated risk of developing several cancers in diabetic patients. However, the detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The mechanism of AGE-bovine serum albumin (BSA) on gap junction intercellular communication in human hepatoma cell line, SKHep 1, was investigated. Both Cx32 and Cx43 are major gap junction forming proteins in the liver, the loss of which has been shown to facilitate tumorigenesis. Although the MTT assay results showed that AGE-BSA significantly increased cell growth by 31%, AGE-BSA down-regulated Cx32 and Cx43 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The present study also demonstrated that ERK1/2 and JNK/SAPK were significantly activated by AGE-BSA and that Src, ERK1/2, and JNK/SAPK inhibitors significantly reversed the reduction of Cx32 and Cx43 proteins by AGE-BSA. Taken together, these results strongly support the hypothesis that Src-dependent ERK1/2 and JNK/SAPK/AP1 signaling pathways play a key role in AGE-BSA-mediated down-regulation of Cx32 and Cx43 protein expression in SKHep 1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng L Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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35
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Kobayashi T, Inoue T, Shimizu Y, Terada N, Maeno A, Kajita Y, Yamasaki T, Kamba T, Toda Y, Mikami Y, Yamada T, Kamoto T, Ogawa O, Nakamura E. Activation of Rac1 is closely related to androgen-independent cell proliferation of prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:722-34. [PMID: 20203103 PMCID: PMC5417531 DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We and others previously showed that signaling through cSrc or atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) pathway regulates the proliferation of prostate cancer cells and is associated with their progression to castrate-resistance in vivo. However, the interrelation of these two kinases has been largely unexplored. In the present study, we show that androgen-induced activation of cSrc regulates the activity of aPKC through the small molecular weight G protein Rac1 in androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. Knockdown of cSrc in those cells reduces the phosphorylation of aPKC and the abundance of activated form of Rac1. Additionally, the treatment of those cells with Rac1 inhibitor repressed cell cycle progression at G(1)/S transition. In fact, forced expression of a constitutively active Rac1 mutant in LNCaP cells promoted cell proliferation under androgen-depleted conditions both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, LNCaP C4-2 and AILNCaP cells, the syngeneic androgen-independent sublines from LNCaP cells, harbored abundant Rac1-GTP. Importantly, the inhibition of Rac1 suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death in all prostate cancer cell lines tested irrespective of their androgen-dependence. In immunohistochemical evaluation of tumor specimens from prostate cancer patients, Rac1 pathway appeared to be activated in the majority of castrate-resistant diseases. Collectively, our present results both in vitro and in vivo highly implicate that Rac1 can be a potential therapeutic target for patients with advanced prostate cancer, especially those with castrate-resistant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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36
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Arulanandam R, Geletu M, Raptis L. The simian virus 40 large tumor antigen activates cSrc and requires cSrc for full neoplastic transformation. Anticancer Res 2010; 30:47-53. [PMID: 20150616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of the cellular protooncogene product, cSrc, in neoplastic transformation by the large tumor antigen of simian virus 40 (TAg), the ability of TAg to increase cSrc activity was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS cSrc activity was measured in cells expressing wild-type or mutant TAg and compared to the parental line. RESULTS The results indicated that TAg expression in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts causes a dramatic increase in cSrc activity, a finding which establishes TAg as a cSrc activator. This ability depended upon a TAg, intact retinoblastoma-susceptibility gene product (Rb) family-binding site. In addition, genetic ablation of pRb in mouse fibroblasts increased cSrc activity, suggesting that pRb inactivation by TAg might be responsible for the observed cSrc activation. Furthermore, down-regulation or genetic ablation of cSrc alone, or together with the Src family members, Yes and Fyn, caused a dramatic reduction in the ability of TAg to transform mouse fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest for the first time that cSrc is part of an important pathway emanating from TAg and leading to neoplastic conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozanne Arulanandam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, Rm. 713, Kingston, Ontario K7L3N6, Canada
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37
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Abstract
In metazoan organisms, pre-mRNA splicing is thought to occur during transcription, and it is postulated that these two processes are functionally coupled via still-unknown mechanisms. Current evidence supports co-transcriptional spliceosomal assembly, but there is little quantitative information on how much splicing is completed during RNA synthesis. Here we isolate nascent chromatin-associated RNA from free, nucleoplasmic RNA already released from the DNA template. Using a quantitative RT-PCR assay, we show that the majority of introns separating constitutive exons are already excised from the human c-Src and fibronectin pre-mRNAs that are still in the process of synthesis, and that these introns are removed in a general 5'-to-3' order. Introns flanking alternative exons in these transcripts are also removed during synthesis, but show differences in excision efficiency between cell lines with different regulatory conditions. Our data suggest that skipping of an exon can induce a lag in splicing compared to intron removal under conditions of exon inclusion. Nevertheless, excision of the long intron encompassing the skipped exon is still completed prior to transcript release into the nucleoplasm. Thus, we demonstrate that the decision to include or skip an alternative exon is made during transcription and not post-transcriptionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Pandya-Jones
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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38
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Zhang XHF, Wang Q, Gerald W, Hudis CA, Norton L, Smid M, Foekens JA, Massagué J. Latent bone metastasis in breast cancer tied to Src-dependent survival signals. Cancer Cell 2009; 16:67-78. [PMID: 19573813 PMCID: PMC2749247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis may arise years after removal of a primary tumor. The mechanisms allowing latent disseminated cancer cells to survive are unknown. We report that a gene expression signature of Src activation is associated with late-onset bone metastasis in breast cancer. This link is independent of hormone receptor status or breast cancer subtype. In breast cancer cells, Src is dispensable for homing to the bones or lungs but is critical for the survival and outgrowth of these cells in the bone marrow. Src mediates AKT regulation and cancer cell survival responses to CXCL12 and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), factors that are distinctively expressed in the bone metastasis microenvironment. Breast cancer cells that lodge in the bone marrow succumb in this environment when deprived of Src activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang H.-F. Zhang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qiongqing Wang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William Gerald
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clifford A. Hudis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Larry Norton
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcel Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Josephine Nefkens Institute and Cancer Genomics Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John A. Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Josephine Nefkens Institute and Cancer Genomics Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
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Piserchio A, Ghose R, Cowburn D. Optimized bacterial expression and purification of the c-Src catalytic domain for solution NMR studies. J Biomol NMR 2009; 44:87-93. [PMID: 19399371 PMCID: PMC2735562 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-009-9318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Progression of a host of human cancers is associated with elevated levels of expression and catalytic activity of the Src family of tyrosine kinases (SFKs), making them key therapeutic targets. Even with the availability of multiple crystal structures of active and inactive forms of the SFK catalytic domain (CD), a complete understanding of its catalytic regulation is unavailable. Also unavailable are atomic or near-atomic resolution information about their interactions, often weak or transient, with regulating phosphatases and downstream targets. Solution NMR, the biophysical method best suited to tackle this problem, was previously hindered by difficulties in bacterial expression and purification of sufficient quantities of soluble, properly folded protein for economically viable labeling with NMR-active isotopes. Through a choice of optimal constructs, co-expression with chaperones and optimization of the purification protocol, we have achieved the ability to bacterially produce large quantities of the isotopically-labeled CD of c-Src, the prototypical SFK, and of its activating Tyr-phosphorylated form. All constructs produce excellent spectra allowing solution NMR studies of this family in an efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piserchio
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York, 10027
- The Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, New York 10031
| | - Ranajeet Ghose
- The Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, New York 10031
- Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016
| | - David Cowburn
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, New York, 10027
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40
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Dar AC, Lopez MS, Shokat KM. Small molecule recognition of c-Src via the Imatinib-binding conformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:1015-22. [PMID: 18940662 PMCID: PMC2702663 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 09/20/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The cancer drug, Imatinib, is a selective Abl kinase inhibitor that does not inhibit the closely related kinase c-Src. This one drug and its ability to selectively inhibit Abl over c-Src has been a guiding principle in virtually all kinase drug discovery efforts in the last 15 years. A prominent hypothesis explaining the selectivity of Imatinib is that Abl has an intrinsic ability to adopt an inactive conformation (termed DFG-out), whereas c-Src appears to pay a high intrinsic energetic penalty for adopting this conformation, effectively excluding Imatinib from its ATP pocket. This explanation of the difference in binding affinity of Imatinib for Abl versus c-Src makes the striking prediction that it would not be possible to design an inhibitor that binds to the DFG-out conformation of c-Src with high affinity. We report the discovery of a series of such inhibitors. We use structure-activity relationships and X-ray crystallography to confirm our findings. These studies suggest that small molecules are capable of inducing the generally unfavorable DFG-out conformation in c-Src. Structural comparison between c-Src in complex with these inhibitors allows us to speculate on the differential selectivity of Imatinib for c-Src and Abl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin C Dar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Genentech Hall, 600 16(th) Street, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Desprat N, Supatto W, Pouille PA, Beaurepaire E, Farge E. Tissue deformation modulates twist expression to determine anterior midgut differentiation in Drosophila embryos. Dev Cell 2008; 15:470-477. [PMID: 18804441 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical deformations associated with embryonic morphogenetic movements have been suggested to actively participate in the signaling cascades regulating developmental gene expression. Here we develop an appropriate experimental approach to ascertain the existence and the physiological relevance of this phenomenon. By combining the use of magnetic tweezers with in vivo laser ablation, we locally control physiologically relevant deformations in wild-type Drosophila embryonic tissues. We demonstrate that the deformations caused by germ band extension upregulate Twist expression in the stomodeal primordium. We find that stomodeal compression triggers Src42A-dependent nuclear translocation of Armadillo/beta-catenin, which is required for Twist mechanical induction in the stomodeum. Finally, stomodeal-specific RNAi-mediated silencing of Twist during compression impairs the differentiation of midgut cells, resulting in larval lethality. These experiments show that mechanically induced Twist upregulation in stomodeal cells is necessary for subsequent midgut differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Desprat
- Mechanics and Genetics of Embryonic and Tumoral Development Group, UMR168 CNRS, Institut Curie, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Willy Supatto
- Mechanics and Genetics of Embryonic and Tumoral Development Group, UMR168 CNRS, Institut Curie, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France; Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS and INSERM U 696, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Philippe-Alexandre Pouille
- Mechanics and Genetics of Embryonic and Tumoral Development Group, UMR168 CNRS, Institut Curie, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS and INSERM U 696, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Emmanuel Farge
- Mechanics and Genetics of Embryonic and Tumoral Development Group, UMR168 CNRS, Institut Curie, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France.
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Mueller KL, Hunter LA, Ethier SP, Boerner JL. Met and c-Src cooperate to compensate for loss of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase activity in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2008; 68:3314-22. [PMID: 18451158 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancers are not responsive to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), although 30% of breast cancers overexpress EGFR. The mechanism of intrinsic resistance to EGFR TKIs in breast cancer is the focus of current studies. Here, we observed that EGFR remains tyrosine phosphorylated in breast cancer cells that proliferate in the presence of EGFR TKIs. In one such cell line, SUM229, inhibiting c-Src kinase activity with either a dominant-negative c-Src or a c-Src TKI decreased EGFR phosphorylation on Tyr(845), Tyr(992), and Tyr(1086) in the presence of EGFR TKIs. Conversely, overexpressing wild-type (wt) c-Src in the EGFR TKI-sensitive breast cancer cell line SUM149 increased EGFR kinase-independent EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. In addition, in the presence of EGFR TKIs, inhibiting c-Src kinase activity decreased cell growth in SUM229 cells, and overexpressing wt-c-Src increased cell growth in SUM149 cells. We identified the receptor tyrosine kinase Met to be responsible for activating c-Src in SUM229 cells. Inhibiting Met kinase activity with a small molecule inhibitor decreased c-Src phosphorylation and kinase activation. In addition, inhibiting Met kinase activity in SUM229 cells decreased EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation and growth in the presence of EGFR TKIs. Stimulating Met kinase activity in SUM149 cells with hepatocyte growth factor increased EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation and cell growth in the presence of EGFR TKIs. These data suggest a Met/c-Src-mediated signaling pathway as a mediator of EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation and cell growth in the presence of EGFR TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Mueller
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Arnott JA, Zhang X, Sanjay A, Owen TA, Smock SL, Rehman S, DeLong WG, Safadi FF, Popoff SN. Molecular requirements for induction of CTGF expression by TGF-beta1 in primary osteoblasts. Bone 2008; 42:871-85. [PMID: 18314002 PMCID: PMC2430079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is a cysteine rich, extracellular matrix protein that acts as an anabolic growth factor to regulate osteoblast differentiation and function. In osteoblasts, CTGF is induced by TGF-beta1 where it acts as a downstream mediator of TGF-beta1 induced matrix production. The molecular mechanisms that control CTGF induction by TGF-beta1 in osteoblasts are not known. To assess the role of individual Smads in mediating the induction of CTGF by TGF-beta1, we used specific Smad siRNAs to block Smad expression. These studies demonstrated that Smads 3 and 4, but not Smad 2, are required for TGF-beta1 induced CTGF promoter activity and expression in osteoblasts. Since the activation of MAPKs (Erk, Jnk and p38) by TGF-beta1 is cell type specific, we were interested in determining the role of individual MAPKs in TGF-beta1 induction of CTGF promoter activity and expression. Using dominant negative (DN) mutants for Erk, Jnk and p38, we demonstrated that the expression of DN-Erk caused a significant inhibition of TGF-beta1 induced CTGF promoter activity. In contrast, the expression of DN-p38 or DN-Jnk failed to inhibit activation of CTGF promoter activity. To confirm the vital role of Erk, we used the Erk inhibitor (PD98059) to block its activation, demonstrating that it prevented TGF-beta1 activation of the CTGF promoter and up-regulation of CTGF expression in osteoblasts. Since Src can also act as a downstream signaling effector for TGF-beta in some cell types, we determined its role in TGF-beta1 induction of CTGF in osteoblasts. Treatment of osteoblasts with a Src family kinase inhibitor, PP2, or the expression of two independent kinase-dead Src mutant constructs caused significant inhibition of TGF-beta1 induced CTGF promoter activity and expression. Additionally, blocking Src activation prevented Erk activation by TGF-beta1 demonstrating a role for Src as an upstream mediator of Erk in regulating CTGF expression in osteoblasts. To investigate the involvement of the TGF-beta1 response element (TRE) and the SMAD binding element (SBE) in CTGF induction, we cloned the rat CTGF proximal promoter (-787 to +1) containing the TRE and SBE motifs into a pGL3-Luciferase reporter construct. Using a combination of CTGF promoter deletion constructs and site-directed mutants, we demonstrated the unique requirement of both the TRE and SBE for CTGF induction by TGF-beta1 in osteoblasts. Electro-mobility shift assays using specific probes containing the TRE, SBE or both showed TGF-beta1 inducible complexes that can be ablated by mutation of the respective motif, confirming their requirement for TGF-beta1 induced CTGF promoter activity. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that CTGF induction by TGF-beta1 in osteoblasts involves Smads 3 and 4, the Erk and Src signaling pathways, and requires both the TRE and SBE motifs in the CTGF proximal promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Arnott
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase, FAK is a 125 kDa nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that localizes to focal adhesions. FAK is overexpressed in human tumors and regulates cellular adhesion and survival signaling. We have shown previously that the dominant-negative FAK, C-terminal FAK-CD, caused detachment and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells, and that overexpression of an activated form of Src tyrosine kinase or epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR, suppressed FAK-CD induced apoptotic effects in breast cancer cells. In the present study, we studied the effect of a novel FAK inhibitor, TAE226 (Novartis, Inc.), on the breast cancer cell lines. We used stable breast cancer cell lines overexpressing Src (MCF-7-Src and BT474-Src) or overexpressing EGFR (BT474-EGFR), and control breast cancer cell lines for the treatment with different doses of TAE226 drug. The detachment and apoptosis caused by TAE226 was analyzed and compared with the effect of the dominant-negative adenoviral FAK-CD. The TAE226 drug caused a dose-dependent increase of detachment and apoptosis in both BT474 and MCF-7-Vector and Src cells and in BT474-EGFR and BT474-pcDNA3 cells. Additionally, TAE226 caused downregulation of Y397-FAK, FAK and activation of PARP or caspase-3 proteins. Both Src and EGFR-overexpressing cells were not resistant to the TAE226 treatment compared to FAK-CD treatment. In addition, normal breast MCF-10A cell line was resistant to both TAE226 drug and to the Ad-FAK-CD inhibitor. Thus, inhibition of autophosphorylation activity of FAK with the TAE226 inhibitor at 10-20 microM is effective in causing apoptosis in breast cancer cells, resistant to the Ad-FAK-CD inhibitor that can be used effectively in therapy.
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Zagozdzon R, Fu Y, Avraham HK. Csk homologous kinase inhibits CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling in neuroblastoma. Int J Oncol 2008; 32:619-623. [PMID: 18292939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the second most common pediatric malignancy. The clinical course of this disease ranges from spontaneous regression and good survival to highly malignant therapy-resistant tumors. There is a continuous need for genetic and biologic markers for the diverse clinical phenotypes observed in neuroblastoma patients. One of the known markers in neuroblastoma is expression of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor. CXCR4 expression correlates with high-stage disease, and the autocrine stimulation of CXCR4 by its ligand (CXCL12) was shown to be necessary for the survival of some neuroblastoma cells in vitro. However, the mechanisms responsible for activation of the CXCL12-CXCR4 autocrine pathway in neuroblastoma remain uncertain. Our previous findings suggest that Csk homologous kinase (CHK) is a physiological inhibitor of CXCR4 expression. Since CHK is highly expressed in neurons, we evaluated changes in CHK expression in human neuroblastoma. CHK protein expression was below detectable levels based on Western blot analyses in 13 out of 16 human neuroblastoma cell lines and in 6 out of 16 primary neuroblastoma tissues. When CHK expression was restored in IMR32 neuroblastoma cells by retrovirus-mediated cDNA transfer, diminished CXCR4 mRNA and protein levels were observed, as assessed by RT-PCR and flow cytometry analyses, respectively. Furthermore, exogenous expression of CHK markedly suppressed the mRNA levels and secretion of the CXCL12 chemokine from IMR32 cells as well as inhibited the growth rate of these cells. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that CHK is capable of inhibiting the CXCL12-CXCR4 pathway in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Zagozdzon
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Tanikawa R, Tanikawa T, Okada Y, Nakano K, Hirashima M, Yamauchi A, Hosokawa R, Tanaka Y. Interaction of galectin-9 with lipid rafts induces osteoblast proliferation through the c-Src/ERK signaling pathway. J Bone Miner Res 2008; 23:278-86. [PMID: 17907924 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Galectin-9 is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin expressed in various tissues, including bone. The role of galectin-9 in human osteoblasts, however, remains unclear. This study showed that galectin-9 interacts with lipid rafts and induces osteoblast proliferation through the c-Src/ERK signaling pathway. INTRODUCTION Galectin-9 is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin that modulates many biological functions by interacting with particular carbohydrates attached to proteins and lipids. However, the role of galectin-9 in bone metabolism and osteoblast proliferation remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of galectin-9 on osteoblast proliferation and its signaling mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of galectin-9 on osteoblast proliferation was tested by measuring the conversion of tetrazolium salt WST-8 to formazan. Protein phosphorylation was assayed by western blotting and confocal microscopy was used to localize lipid rafts. RESULTS Galectin-9-induced proliferation of the obtained osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner, whereas galectin-1, -3, and -4 did not. Galectin-9-induced phosphorylation of c-Src and subsequent ERK1/ERK2 in the osteoblasts. The galectin-9-induced phosphorylation and proliferation were inhibited by PP2, a selective inhibitor of c-Src. Galectin-9-induced clustering of lipid rafts detected by cholera toxin B (CTB; binding the raft-resident ganglioside GM1) using confocal microscopy. Cross-linking of the GM1 ganglioside with CTB by anti-CTB antibody-induced phosphorylation of c-Src, whereas disruption of galectin-9-induced lipid rafts by beta-methylcyclodextrin reduced c-Src phosphorylation and proliferation of the cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that galectin-9, but not other galectins, induced proliferation of human osteoblasts through clustering lipid rafts on membrane and subsequent phosphorylation of the c-Src/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Tanikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Abstract
MetAP substrates and their physiological roles have remained elusive. In this issue of Chemistry & Biology, Hu and colleagues [1] employ a small molecule approach to study the impact of MetAP inhibition on the molecular regulation and cellular functions of the proto-oncogene c-Src.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Hannig
- Zafgen, 890 Winter Street, Suite 320, Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
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Bouchard V, Demers MJ, Thibodeau S, Laquerre V, Fujita N, Tsuruo T, Beaulieu JF, Gauthier R, Vézina A, Villeneuve L, Vachon PH. Fak/Src signaling in human intestinal epithelial cell survival and anoikis: differentiation state-specific uncoupling with the PI3-K/Akt-1 and MEK/Erk pathways. J Cell Physiol 2007; 212:717-28. [PMID: 17443665 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human intestinal epithelial cell survival and anoikis are distinctively regulated according to the state of differentiation. In the present study, we analyzed the roles of focal adhesion kinase (Fak)/Src signaling to the PI3-K/Akt-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular regulated kinases (Erk) pathways, within the context of such differentiation-state distinctions. Anoikis was induced by inhibition of beta1 integrins (antibody blocking), inhibition of Fak (pharmacologic inhibition or overexpression of dominant negative mutants), or by maintaining cells in suspension. Activation parameters of Fak, Src, Akt-1, and Erk1/2 were analyzed. Activities of Src, Akt-1, or Erk1/2 were also blocked by pharmacological inhibition or by overexpression of dominant-negative mutants. We report that: (1) the loss or inhibition of beta1 integrin binding activity causes anoikis and results in a down-activation of Fak, Src, Akt-1, and Erk1/2 in both undifferentiated, and differentiated cells; (2) the inhibition of Fak likewise causes anoikis and a down-activation of Src, Akt-1, and Erk1/2, regardless of the differentiation state; (3) Src, PI3-K/Akt-1, and MEK/Erk contribute to the survival of differentiated cells, whereas MEK/Erk does not play a role in the survival of undifferentiated ones; (4) the inhibition/loss of beta1 integrin binding and/or Fak activity results in a loss of Src engagement with Fak, regardless of the state of differentiation; and (5) Src contributes to the activation of both the PI3-K/Akt-1 and MEK/Erk pathways in undifferentiated cells, but does not influence PI3-K/Akt-1 in differentiated ones. Hence, Fak/Src signaling to the PI3-K/Akt-1 and MEK/Erk pathways undergoes a differentiation state-specific uncoupling which ultimately reflects upon the selective engagement of these same pathways in the mediation of intestinal epithelial cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bouchard
- Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Xu K, Kitchen CM, Shu HKG, Murphy TJ. Platelet-derived growth factor-induced stabilization of cyclooxygenase 2 mRNA in rat smooth muscle cells requires the c-Src family of protein-tyrosine kinases. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:32699-709. [PMID: 17855367 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705272200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are crucial rate-limiting enzymes required for the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. COX-2 is an inducible isoform of this enzyme, which is believed to play important roles in the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease. We found that COX-2 expression rapidly increases in response to various signaling events, including activation of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) pathway. Activation of PDGF receptor (PDGFR) in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells leads to c-Src-dependent stabilization of COX-2 mRNA requiring an AU-rich region within the 3'-untranslated region of this transcript. This regulation correlates with tyrosine phosphorylation of the RNA-associated protein, CUG-binding protein 2 (CUGBP2), which appears to enhance its interaction with COX-2 mRNA. Site-directed mutagenesis of putative tyrosine phosphorylation sites in CUGBP2 identified tyrosine 39 as a c-Src target, and a CUGBP2 with a mutated tyrosine 39 displayed an attenuated ability to bind COX-2 mRNA. We further show that silencing of CUGBP2 with specific small interference RNAs significantly reduces PDGF-dependent induction of COX-2 at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, forced expression of CUGBP2 or constitutively active c-Src leads to stabilization of co-expressed COX-2 mRNA. Finally, in vitro RNA decay assay demonstrates that CUGBP2 is functionally required for the stabilization of COX-2 mRNA. Therefore, our data suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of CUGBP2 is an important underlying mechanism for the ability of PDGFR/c-Src signaling to control the stability of COX-2 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Lluis JM, Buricchi F, Chiarugi P, Morales A, Fernandez-Checa JC. Dual role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in hypoxia signaling: activation of nuclear factor-{kappa}B via c-SRC and oxidant-dependent cell death. Cancer Res 2007; 67:7368-77. [PMID: 17671207 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a prominent feature of solid tumor development and is known to stimulate mitochondrial ROS (mROS), which, in turn, can activate hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1alpha and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Because NF-kappaB plays a central role in carcinogenesis, we examined the mechanism of mROS-mediated NF-kappaB activation and the fate of cancer cells during hypoxia after mitochondrial reduced glutathione (mGSH) depletion. Hypoxia generated mROS in hepatoma (HepG2, H35), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), and colon carcinoma (DLD-1) cells, leading to hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1alpha-dependent gene expression and c-Src activation that was prevented in cells expressing a redox-insensitive c-Src mutant (C487A). c-Src stimulation activated NF-kappaB without IkappaB-alpha degradation due to IkappaB-alpha tyrosine phosphorylation that was inhibited by rotenone/TTFA or c-Src antagonism. The c-Src-NF-kappaB signaling contributed to the survival of cells during hypoxia as c-Src inhibition or p65 down-regulation by small interfering RNA-sensitized HepG2 cells to hypoxia-induced cell death. Moreover, selective mGSH depletion resulted in an accelerated and enhanced mROS generation by hypoxia that killed SH-SY5Y and DLD-1 cells without disabling the c-Src-NF-kappaB pathway. Thus, although mROS promote cell survival by NF-kappaB activation via c-Src, mROS overgeneration may be exploited to sensitize cancer cells to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Lluis
- Liver Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas Esther Koplowitz, Instituto de Malalties Digestives, Hospital Clinic I Provincial and CIBEREHD, Instituto Salud Carlos III, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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