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Biernacki K, Ciupak O, Daśko M, Rachon J, Flis D, Budka J, Inkielewicz-Stępniak I, Czaja A, Rak J, Demkowicz S. Development of potent and effective SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors based on maleimide analogs for the potential treatment of COVID-19. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2290910. [PMID: 38093611 PMCID: PMC10732195 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2290910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we report a new series of potent SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (Mpro) inhibitors based on maleimide derivatives. The inhibitory activities were tested in an enzymatic assay using recombinant Mpro (3CL Protease from coronavirus SARS-CoV-2). Within the set of new Mpro inhibitors, 6e demonstrated the highest activity in the enzymatic assay with an IC50 value of 8.52 ± 0.44 µM. The IC50 value for Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332, used as a reference) was 0.84 ± 0.37 µM. The cytotoxic properties were determined in the MTT assay using MRC-5 and HEK-293 cell lines. In the course of the investigation, we found that the newly obtained maleimide derivatives are not substantially cytotoxic (IC50 values for most compounds were above 200 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Biernacki
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Olga Ciupak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Daśko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Janusz Rachon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Damian Flis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Budka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Anna Czaja
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Janusz Rak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sebastian Demkowicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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Budka J, Debowski D, Mai S, Narajczyk M, Hac S, Rolka K, Vrettos EI, Tzakos AG, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Design, Synthesis, and Antitumor Evaluation of an Opioid Growth Factor Bioconjugate Targeting Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:283. [PMID: 38399336 PMCID: PMC10892429 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents a formidable challenge with high lethality and limited effective drug treatments. Its heightened metastatic potential further complicates the prognosis. Owing to the significant toxicity of current chemotherapeutics, compounds like [Met5]-enkephalin, known as opioid growth factor (OGF), have emerged in oncology clinical trials. OGF, an endogenous peptide interacting with the OGF receptor (OGFr), plays a crucial role in inhibiting cell proliferation across various cancer types. This in vitro study explores the potential anticancer efficacy of a newly synthesized OGF bioconjugate in synergy with the classic chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine (OGF-Gem). The study delves into assessing the impact of the OGF-Gem conjugate on cell proliferation inhibition, cell cycle regulation, the induction of cellular senescence, and apoptosis. Furthermore, the antimetastatic potential of the OGF-Gem conjugate was demonstrated through evaluations using blood platelets and AsPC-1 cells with a light aggregometer. In summary, this article demonstrates the cytotoxic impact of the innovative OGF-Gem conjugate on pancreatic cancer cells in both 2D and 3D models. We highlight the potential of both the OGF-Gem conjugate and OGF alone in effectively inhibiting the ex vivo pancreatic tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) process, a phenomenon not observed with Gem alone. Furthermore, the confirmed hemocompatibility of OGF-Gem with platelets reinforces its promising potential. We anticipate that this conjugation strategy will open avenues for the development of potent anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Budka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dawid Debowski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Shaoshan Mai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Narajczyk
- Bioimaging Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Hac
- Department of General Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rolka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Andreas G. Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- University Research Center of Ioannina, Institute of Materials Science and Computing, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Romanowski G, Budka J, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Catalytic and Biological Activity of Oxidovanadium(V) Complexes with Chiral Tetradentate Schiff Bases. Molecules 2023; 28:7408. [PMID: 37959827 PMCID: PMC10649191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
New oxidovanadium(V) complexes, VOL1-VOL10, with chiral tetradentate Schiff bases obtained by monocondensation reaction of salicylaldehyde derivatives with 1S,2S-(+)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propanediol. All complexes have been characterized using different spectroscopic methods, viz. IR, UV-Vis, circular dichroism, one- (1H, 51V) and two-dimensional (COSY, NOESY) NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the catalytic ability of all compounds in the epoxidation of styrene, cyclohexene, and its naturally occurring monoterpene derivatives, i.e., S(-)-limonene and (-)-α-pinene has also been studied, using two different oxidants, i.e., aqueous 30% H2O2 or tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). In addition, the biological properties of these chiral oxidovanadium(V) compounds, but also cis-dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes with the same chiral Schiff bases, were studied. Their cytotoxic and cytoprotective activity studies with the HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cells revealed a concentration-dependent effect in the range of 10-100 μM. Moreover, vanadium(V) complexes, in contrast to cis-dioxidomolybdenum(VI) compounds, demonstrated higher cytotoxicity and lack of cytoprotective ability against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Romanowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Justyna Budka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, Building 27, PL-80211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, Building 27, PL-80211 Gdansk, Poland
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Budka J, Kowalski S, Chylinska M, Dzierzbicka K, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Opioid Growth Factor and its Derivatives as Potential Non-toxic Multifunctional Anticancer and Analgesic Compounds. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:673-686. [PMID: 32129162 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200304122406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant research progress on the pathogenesis, molecular biology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer, its morbidity and mortality are still high around the world. The emerging resistance of cancer cells to anticancer drugs remains still a significant problem in oncology today. Furthermore, an important challenge is the inability of anticancer drugs to selectively target tumor cells thus sparing healthy cells. One of the new potential options for efficient and safe therapy can be provided by opioid growth factor (OGF), chemically termed Met-enkephalin. It is an endogenous pentapeptide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met) with antitumor, analgesic, and immune-boosting properties. Clinical trials have demonstrated that OGF therapy alone, as well as in combination with standard chemotherapies, is a safe, non-toxic anticancer agent that reduces tumor size. In this paper, we review the structure-activity relationship of OGF and its analogues. We highlight also OGF derivatives with analgesic, immunomodulatory activity and the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and may be used as safe agents enhancing chemotherapy efficacy and improving quality of life in cancer patients. The reviewed papers indicate that Met-enkephalin and its analogues are interesting candidates for the development of novel, non-toxic, and endowed with an analgesic activity anticancer drugs. More preclinical and clinical studies are needed to explore these opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Budka
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Szymon Kowalski
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Chylinska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
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Vrzal L, Kratochvílová-Šimánová M, Landovský T, Polívková K, Budka J, Dvořáková H, Lhoták P. Application of RDC enhanced NMR spectroscopy in structural analysis of thiacalix[4]arene derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9610-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01424g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The conformational behaviour of novel phenoxathiin-based skeletons was studied using the Residual Dipolar Coupling constant (RDC) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Vrzal
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | | | - T. Landovský
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - K. Polívková
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - J. Budka
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - H. Dvořáková
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - P. Lhoták
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
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Makrlík E, Budka J, Vaňura P, Selucký P. Stability constants of some metal cation complexes of tetraphenyl p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene tetraketone in nitrobenzene saturated with water. Monatsh Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-008-0070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kříž J, Dybal J, Makrlík E, Budka J, Vaňura P. Protonation of Tetrapropoxy-4-tert-butylcalix[4]arene: NMR Study of Interaction and Probable Structures of the Product. Supramol Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270701422065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Kříž
- a Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Heyrovského sq. 2, 162 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Dybal
- a Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Heyrovského sq. 2, 162 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E. Makrlík
- b Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia , Husova 11, 306 14, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - J. Budka
- c Prague Institute of Chemical Technology , Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P. Vaňura
- c Prague Institute of Chemical Technology , Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
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Makrlík E, Budka J, Vaňura P. Extraction of H+, NH4 +, Ag+ and Tl+ into nitrobenzene by using sodium dicarbollylcobaltate in the presence of tetramethyl p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene tetraketone. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-007-7053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sykora J, Budka J, Lhotak P, Stibor I, Cisarova I. Complexes of 1,3-alternate calix[4]arenes with silver cation. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302097465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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