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Shi H, Mirzaei N, Koronyo Y, Davis MR, Robinson E, Braun GM, Jallow O, Rentsendorj A, Ramanujan VK, Fert-Bober J, Kramerov AA, Ljubimov AV, Schneider LS, Tourtellotte WG, Hawes D, Schneider JA, Black KL, Kayed R, Selenica MLB, Lee DC, Fuchs DT, Koronyo-Hamaoui M. Identification of retinal tau oligomers, citrullinated tau, and other tau isoforms in early and advanced AD and relations to disease status. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.13.579999. [PMID: 38405854 PMCID: PMC10888760 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.13.579999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Importance This study identifies and quantifies diverse pathological tau isoforms in the retina of both early and advanced-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) and determines their relationship with disease status. Objective A case-control study was conducted to investigate the accumulation of retinal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), paired helical filament (PHF)-tau, oligomeric tau (oligo-tau), hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), and citrullinated tau (Cit-tau) in relation to the respective brain pathology and cognitive dysfunction in mild cognitively impaired (MCI) and AD dementia patients versus normal cognition (NC) controls. Design setting and participants Eyes and brains from donors diagnosed with AD, MCI (due to AD), and NC were collected (n=75 in total), along with clinical and neuropathological data. Brain and retinal cross-sections-in predefined superior-temporal and inferior-temporal (ST/IT) subregions-were subjected to histopathology analysis or Nanostring GeoMx digital spatial profiling. Main outcomes and measure Retinal burden of NFTs (pretangles and mature tangles), PHF-tau, p-tau, oligo-tau, and Cit-tau was assessed in MCI and AD versus NC retinas. Pairwise correlations revealed associations between retinal and brain parameters and cognitive status. Results Increased retinal NFTs (1.8-fold, p=0.0494), PHF-tau (2.3-fold, p<0.0001), oligo-tau (9.1-fold, p<0.0001), CitR 209 -tau (4.3-fold, p<0.0001), pSer202/Thr205-tau (AT8; 4.1-fold, p<0.0001), and pSer396-tau (2.8-fold, p=0.0015) were detected in AD patients. Retinas from MCI patients showed significant increases in NFTs (2.0-fold, p=0.0444), CitR 209 -tau (3.5-fold, p=0.0201), pSer396-tau (2.6-fold, p=0.0409), and, moreover, oligo-tau (5.8-fold, p=0.0045). Nanostring GeoMx quantification demonstrated upregulated retinal p-tau levels in MCI patients at phosphorylation sites of Ser214 (2.3-fold, p=0.0060), Ser396 (1.8-fold, p=0.0052), Ser404 (2.4-fold, p=0.0018), and Thr231 (3.3-fold, p=0.0028). Strong correlations were found between retinal tau forms to paired-brain pathology and cognitive status: a) retinal oligo-tau vs. Braak stage (r=0.60, P=0.0002), b) retinal PHF-tau vs. ABC average score (r=0.64, P=0.0043), c) retinal pSer396-tau vs. brain NFTs (r=0.68, P<0.0001), and d) retinal pSer202/Thr205-tau vs. MMSE scores (r= -0.77, P=0.0089). Conclusions and Relevance This study reveals increases in immature and mature retinal tau isoforms in MCI and AD patients, highlighting their relationship with brain pathology and cognition. The data provide strong incentive to further explore retinal tauopathy markers that may be useful for early detection and monitoring of AD staging through noninvasive retinal imaging.
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Stachowicz A, Sadiq A, Walker B, Sundararaman N, Fert-Bober J. Treatment of human cardiac fibroblasts with the protein arginine deiminase inhibitor BB-Cl-amidine activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115443. [PMID: 37703660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac fibrosis contributes to end-stage extracellular matrix remodeling and heart failure (HF). Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) differentiate into myofibroblasts (myoFbs) to preserve the structural integrity of the heart; however, the molecular mechanisms regulating CF transdifferentiation remain poorly understood. Protein arginine deiminase (PAD), which converts arginine to citrulline, has been shown to play a role in myocardial infarction, fibrosis, and HF. This study aimed to investigate the role of PAD in CF differentiation to myoFbs and identify the citrullinated proteins that were associated with phenotypic changes in CFs. RESULTS Gene expression analysis showed that PAD1 and PAD2 isoforms, but not PAD4 isoforms, were abundant in both CFs and myoFbs, and PAD1 was significantly upregulated in myoFbs. The pan-PAD inhibitor BB-Cl-amidine (BB-Cl) downregulated the mRNA expression of PAD1 and PAD2 as well as the protein expression of the fibrosis marker COL1A1 in CFs and myoFbs. Interestingly, a proteomic approach pointed to the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway upon BB-Cl treatment in CFs and myoFbs. BB-Cl administration resulted in the upregulation of HO-1 at both the gene and protein levels in CFs and myoFbs. Importantly, the protein citrullination landscape of CFs consisting of 86 novel citrullination sites associated with focal adhesion (FN1(R1054)), inflammation (TAGLN(R12)) and DNA replication (EEF2(R767)) pathways was identified. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we revealed that BB-Cl treatment resulted in increased HO-1 expression via the Nrf2 pathway, which could prevent excessive tissue damage, thereby leading to substantial clinical benefits for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Stachowicz
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alia Sadiq
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian Walker
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niveda Sundararaman
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Precision Biomarker Laboratories, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Precision Biomarker Laboratories, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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3
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Ijichi T, Sundararaman N, Martin TG, Pandey R, Koronyo E, Kirk JA, Marbán E, Van Eyk JE, Fert-Bober J. Peptidyl arginine deiminase inhibition alleviates angiotensin II-induced fibrosis. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:4558-4572. [PMID: 37560217 PMCID: PMC10408542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The conversion of protein arginine residues to citrulline by calcium-dependent peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, indicating that PADs are therapeutic targets. A recent study indicated that PAD4 regulates age-related organ fibrosis and dysfunction; however, the specific role of this PAD and its citrullination substrate remains unclear. We investigated whether pharmacological inhibition of PAD activity could affect the progression of fibrosis and restore heart function. METHODS Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by chronic infusion of angiotensin (Ang) II. After 2 weeks of AngII infusion, a PAD inhibitor (Cl-amidine hydrochloride) or vehicle (saline) was injected every other day for the next 14 days together with the continued administration of AngII for a total of up to 28 days. Cardiac fibrosis and remodeling were evaluated by quantitative heart tissue histology, echocardiography, and mass spectrometry. RESULTS A reverse AngII-induced effect was observed in PAD inhibitor-treated mice (n=6) compared with AngII vehicle-treated mice, as indicated by a significant reduction in the heart/body ratio (AngII: 6.51±0.8 mg/g vs. Cl-amidine: 5.27±0.6 mg/g), a reduction in fibrosis (AngII: 2.1-fold increased vs. Cl-amidine: 1.8-fold increased), and a reduction in left ventricular posterior wall diastole (LWVPd) (AngII: 1.1±0.04 vs. Cl-amidine: 0.78±0.02 mm). Label-free quantitative proteomics analysis of heart tissue indicated that proteins involved in fibrosis (e.g., periostin), cytoskeleton organization (e.g., transgelin), and remodeling (e.g., myosin light chain, carbonic anhydrase) were normalized by Cl-amidine treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of PAD may be an effective strategy to attenuate cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ijichi
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Tokai UniversityIsehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Niveda Sundararaman
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
| | - Thomas G Martin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of MedicineMaywood, IL 60153, The United States
| | - Rakhi Pandey
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
| | - Etai Koronyo
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of MedicineMaywood, IL 60153, The United States
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
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Joung S, Weber B, Wu M, Liu Y, Tang AB, Driver M, Sternbach S, Wynter T, Hoang A, Barajas D, Kao YH, Khuu B, Bravo M, Masoom H, Tran T, Sun N, Botting PG, Claggett BL, Prostko JC, Frias EC, Stewart JL, Robertson J, Kwan AC, Torossian M, Pedraza I, Sterling C, Goldzweig C, Oft J, Zabner R, Fert-Bober J, Ebinger JE, Sobhani K, Cheng S, Le CN. Serological response to vaccination in post-acute sequelae of COVID. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:97. [PMID: 36797666 PMCID: PMC9933819 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC) may have a persistence in immune activation that differentiates them from individuals who have recovered from COVID without clinical sequelae. To investigate how humoral immune activation may vary in this regard, we compared patterns of vaccine-provoked serological response in patients with PASC compared to individuals recovered from prior COVID without PASC. METHODS We prospectively studied 245 adults clinically diagnosed with PASC and 86 adults successfully recovered from prior COVID. All participants had measures of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 assayed before or after receiving their first-ever administration of COVID vaccination (either single-dose or two-dose regimen), including anti-spike (IgG-S and IgM-S) and anti-nucleocapsid (IgG-N) antibodies as well as IgG-S angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding levels. We used unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted regression analyses to examine the association of PASC compared to COVID-recovered status with post-vaccination measures of humoral immunity. RESULTS Individuals with PASC mounted consistently higher post-vaccination IgG-S antibody levels when compared to COVID-recovered (median log IgG-S 3.98 versus 3.74, P < 0.001), with similar results seen for ACE2 binding levels (median 99.1 versus 98.2, P = 0.044). The post-vaccination IgM-S response in PASC was attenuated but persistently unchanged over time (P = 0.33), compared to in COVID recovery wherein the IgM-S response expectedly decreased over time (P = 0.002). Findings remained consistent when accounting for demographic and clinical variables including indices of index infection severity and comorbidity burden. CONCLUSION We found evidence of aberrant immune response distinguishing PASC from recovered COVID. This aberrancy is marked by excess IgG-S activation and ACE2 binding along with findings consistent with a delayed or dysfunctional immunoglobulin class switching, all of which is unmasked by vaccine provocation. These results suggest that measures of aberrant immune response may offer promise as tools for diagnosing and distinguishing PASC from non-PASC phenotypes, in addition to serving as potential targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Joung
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brittany Weber
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunxian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amber B Tang
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Driver
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Sternbach
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Wynter
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy Hoang
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Denisse Barajas
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu Hung Kao
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Briana Khuu
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Bravo
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hibah Masoom
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Teresa Tran
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nancy Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick G Botting
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian L Claggett
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jackie Robertson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alan C Kwan
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariam Torossian
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Isabel Pedraza
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carina Sterling
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Goldzweig
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Care Foundation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jillian Oft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Zabner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph E Ebinger
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimia Sobhani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars- Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Catherine N Le
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Sundararaman N, Bhat A, Venkatraman V, Binek A, Dwight Z, Ariyasinghe NR, Escopete S, Joung SY, Cheng S, Parker SJ, Fert-Bober J, Van Eyk JE. BIRCH: An Automated Workflow for Evaluation, Correction, and Visualization of Batch Effect in Bottom-Up Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Data. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:471-481. [PMID: 36695565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent surges in large-scale mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics studies demand a concurrent rise in methods to facilitate reliable and reproducible data analysis. Quantification of proteins in MS analysis can be affected by variations in technical factors such as sample preparation and data acquisition conditions leading to batch effects, which adds to noise in the data set. This may in turn affect the effectiveness of any biological conclusions derived from the data. Here we present Batch-effect Identification, Representation, and Correction of Heterogeneous data (BIRCH), a workflow for analysis and correction of batch effect through an automated, versatile, and easy to use web-based tool with the goal of eliminating technical variation. BIRCH also supports diagnosis of the data to check for the presence of batch effects, feasibility of batch correction, and imputation to deal with missing values in the data set. To illustrate the relevance of the tool, we explore two case studies, including an iPSC-derived cell study and a Covid vaccine study to show different context-specific use cases. Ultimately this tool can be used as an extremely powerful approach for eliminating technical bias while retaining biological bias, toward understanding disease mechanisms and potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niveda Sundararaman
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Archana Bhat
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Vidya Venkatraman
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Aleksandra Binek
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Zachary Dwight
- Precision Biomarker Laboratories, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Nethika R Ariyasinghe
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Sean Escopete
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Sandy Y Joung
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Susan Cheng
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Sarah J Parker
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
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6
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Stachowicz A, Pandey R, Sundararaman N, Venkatraman V, Van Eyk JE, Fert-Bober J. Protein arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) modulates the polarization of THP-1 macrophages to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. J Inflamm (Lond) 2022; 19:20. [DOI: 10.1186/s12950-022-00317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune system that undergo phenotypical changes in response to organ injury and repair. These cells are most often classified as proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Protein arginine deiminase (PAD), which catalyses the irreversible conversion of protein-bound arginine into citrulline, is expressed in macrophages. However, the substrates of PAD and its role in immune cells remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of PAD in THP-1 macrophage polarization to the M1 and M2 phenotypes and identify the citrullinated proteins and modified arginines that are associated with this biological switch using mass spectrometry.
Results
Our study showed that PAD2 and, to a lesser extent, PAD1 and PAD4 were predominantly expressed in M1 macrophages. We showed that inhibiting PAD expression with BB-Cl-amidine decreased macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype (TNF-α, IL-6) and increased macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype (MRC1, ALOX15). This process was mediated by the downregulation of proteins involved in the NF-κβ pathway. Silencing PAD2 confirmed the activation of M2 macrophages by increasing the antiviral innate immune response and interferon signalling. A total of 192 novel citrullination sites associated with inflammation, cell death and DNA/RNA processing pathways were identified in M1 and M2 macrophages.
Conclusions
We showed that inhibiting PAD activity using a pharmacological inhibitor or silencing PAD2 with PAD2 siRNA shifted the activation of macrophages towards the M2 phenotype, which can be crucial for designing novel macrophage-mediated therapeutic strategies. We revealed a major citrullinated proteome and its rearrangement following macrophage polarization, which after further validation could lead to significant clinical benefits for the treatment of inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
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Kaisey M, Lashgari G, Fert-Bober J, Ontaneda D, Solomon AJ, Sicotte NL. An Update on Diagnostic Laboratory Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2022; 22:675-688. [PMID: 36269540 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-022-01227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For many patients, the multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnostic process can be lengthy, costly, and fraught with error. Recent research aims to address the unmet need for an accurate and simple diagnostic process through discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers. This review summarizes recent studies on MS diagnostic fluid biomarkers, with a focus on blood biomarkers, and includes discussion of technical limitations and practical applicability. RECENT FINDINGS This line of research is in its early days. Accurate and easily obtainable biomarkers for MS have not yet been identified and validated, but several approaches to uncover them are underway. Continue efforts to define laboratory diagnostic biomarkers are likely to play an increasingly important role in defining MS at the earliest stages, leading to better long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Kaisey
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Neurology, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| | - Ghazal Lashgari
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Neurology, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Neurology, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Daniel Ontaneda
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave. U10 Mellen Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Andrew J Solomon
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont University Health Center, Arnold 2, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Nancy L Sicotte
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Neurology, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, A6600, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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8
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Ebinger JE, Joung S, Liu Y, Wu M, Weber B, Claggett B, Botting PG, Sun N, Driver M, Kao YH, Khuu B, Wynter T, Nguyen TT, Alotaibi M, Prostko JC, Frias EC, Stewart JL, Goodridge HS, Chen P, Jordan SC, Jain M, Sharma S, Fert-Bober J, Van Eyk JE, Minissian MB, Arditi M, Melmed GY, Braun JG, McGovern DPB, Cheng S, Sobhani K. Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with variations in antibody response to BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers at an academic medical centre: a longitudinal cohort analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059994. [PMID: 35613792 PMCID: PMC9130668 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to understand the demographic and clinical factors associated with variations in longitudinal antibody response following completion of two-dose regiment of BNT162b2 vaccination. DESIGN This study is a 10-month longitudinal cohort study of healthcare workers and serially measured anti-spike protein IgG (IgG-S) antibody levels using mixed linear models to examine their associations with participant characteristics. SETTING A large, multisite academic medical centre in Southern California, USA. PARTICIPANTS A total of 843 healthcare workers met inclusion criteria including completion of an initial two-dose course of BNT162b2 vaccination, complete clinical history and at least two blood samples for analysis. Patients had an average age of 45±13 years, were 70% female and 7% with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS Vaccine-induced IgG-S levels remained in the positive range for 99.6% of individuals up to 10 months after initial two-dose vaccination. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was the primary correlate of sustained higher postvaccination IgG-S levels (partial R2=0.133), with a 1.74±0.11 SD higher IgG-S response (p<0.001). Female sex (beta 0.27±0.06, p<0.001), younger age (0.01±0.00, p<0.001) and absence of hypertension (0.17±0.08, p=0.003) were also associated with persistently higher IgG-S responses. Notably, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection augmented the associations of sex (-0.42 for male sex, p=0.08) and modified the associations of hypertension (1.17, p=0.001), such that infection-naïve individuals with hypertension had persistently lower IgG-S levels whereas prior infected individuals with hypertension exhibited higher IgG-S levels that remained augmented over time. CONCLUSIONS While the IgG-S antibody response remains in the positive range for up to 10 months following initial mRNA vaccination in most adults, determinants of sustained higher antibody levels include prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, female sex, younger age and absence of hypertension. Certain determinants of the longitudinal antibody response appear significantly modified by prior infection status. These findings offer insights regarding factors that may influence the 'hybrid' immunity conferred by natural infection combined with vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Ebinger
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandy Joung
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yunxian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brittany Weber
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian Claggett
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick G Botting
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nancy Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew Driver
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yu Hung Kao
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Briana Khuu
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Timothy Wynter
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Trevor-Trung Nguyen
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mona Alotaibi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - John C Prostko
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Edwin C Frias
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - James L Stewart
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stanley C Jordan
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sonia Sharma
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Margo B Minissian
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Brawerman Nursing Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Smidt Heart Institute; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology; Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gil Y Melmed
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan G Braun
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kimia Sobhani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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9
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Mc Ardle A, Binek A, Moradian A, Chazarin Orgel B, Rivas A, Washington KE, Phebus C, Manalo DM, Go J, Venkatraman V, Coutelin Johnson CW, Fu Q, Cheng S, Raedschelders K, Fert-Bober J, Pennington SR, Murray CI, Van Eyk JE. Standardized Workflow for Precise Mid- and High-Throughput Proteomics of Blood Biofluids. Clin Chem 2022; 68:450-460. [PMID: 34687543 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate discovery assay workflows are critical for identifying authentic circulating protein biomarkers in diverse blood matrices. Maximizing the commonalities in the proteomic workflows between different biofluids simplifies the approach and increases the likelihood for reproducibility. We developed a workflow that can accommodate 3 blood-based proteomes: naive plasma, depleted plasma and dried blood. METHODS Optimal conditions for sample preparation and data independent acquisition-mass spectrometry analysis were established in plasma then automated for depleted plasma and dried blood. The mass spectrometry workflow was modified to facilitate sensitive high-throughput analysis or deeper profiling with mid-throughput analysis. Analytical performance was evaluated by the linear response of peptides and proteins to a 6- or 7-point dilution curve and the reproducibility of the relative peptide and protein intensity for 5 digestion replicates per day on 3 different days for each biofluid. RESULTS Using the high-throughput workflow, 74% (plasma), 93% (depleted), and 87% (dried blood) displayed an inter-day CV <30%. The mid-throughput workflow had 67% (plasma), 90% (depleted), and 78% (dried blood) of peptides display an inter-day CV <30%. Lower limits of detection and quantification were determined for peptides and proteins observed in each biofluid and workflow. Based on each protein and peptide's analytical performance, we could describe the observable, reliable, reproducible, and quantifiable proteomes for each biofluid and workflow. CONCLUSION The standardized workflows established here allows for reproducible and quantifiable detection of proteins covering a broad dynamic range. We envisage that implementation of this standard workflow should simplify discovery approaches and facilitate the translation of candidate markers into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mc Ardle
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aleksandra Binek
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Annie Moradian
- Precision Biomarker Laboratories, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Blandine Chazarin Orgel
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Rivas
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kirstin E Washington
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Conor Phebus
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Danica-Mae Manalo
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Go
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vidya Venkatraman
- Precision Biomarker Laboratories, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Qin Fu
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Smidt Heart Institute, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Koen Raedschelders
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen R Pennington
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christopher I Murray
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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10
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Liu Y, Ebinger JE, Mostafa R, Budde P, Gajewski J, Walker B, Joung S, Wu M, Bräutigam M, Hesping F, Rupieper E, Schubert AS, Zucht HD, Braun J, Melmed GY, Sobhani K, Arditi M, Van Eyk JE, Cheng S, Fert-Bober J. Paradoxical sex-specific patterns of autoantibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Transl Med 2021; 19:524. [PMID: 34965855 PMCID: PMC8716184 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pronounced sex differences in the susceptibility and response to SARS-CoV-2 infection remain poorly understood. Emerging evidence has highlighted the potential importance of autoimmune activation in modulating the acute response and recovery trajectories following SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Given that immune-inflammatory activity can be sex-biased in the setting of severe COVID-19 illness, the aim of the study was to examine sex-specific autoimmune reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of extreme clinical disease. Methods In this study, we assessed autoantibody (AAB) reactivity to 91 autoantigens previously linked to a range of classic autoimmune diseases in a cohort of 177 participants (65% women, 35% men, mean age of 35) with confirmed evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection based on presence of antibody to the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2. Data were compared to 53 pre-pandemic healthy controls (49% women, 51% men). For each participant, socio-demographic data, serological analyses, SARS-CoV-2 infection status and COVID-19 related symptoms were collected by an electronic survey of questions. The symptoms burden score was constructed based on the total number of reported symptoms (N = 21) experienced within 6 months prior to the blood draw, wherein a greater number of symptoms corresponded to a higher score and assigned as more severe burden. Results In multivariable analyses, we observed sex-specific patterns of autoreactivity associated with the presence or absence (as well as timing and clustering of symptoms) associated with prior COVID-19 illness. Whereas the overall AAB response was more prominent in women following asymptomatic infection, the breadth and extent of AAB reactivity was more prominent in men following at least mildly symptomatic infection. Notably, the observed reactivity included distinct antigens with molecular homology with SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion Our results reveal that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, even in the absence of severe clinical disease, can lead to a broad AAB response that exhibits sex-specific patterns of prevalence and antigen selectivity. Further understanding of the nature of triggered AAB activation among men and women exposed to SARS-CoV-2 will be essential for developing effective interventions against immune-mediated sequelae of COVID-19. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03184-8.
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11
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Mao L, Mostafa R, Ibili E, Fert-Bober J. Role of protein deimination in cardiovascular diseases: potential new avenues for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:1059-1071. [PMID: 34929115 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.2018303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arginine deimination (citrullination) is a post-translational modification catalyzed by a family of peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes. Cell-based functional studies and animal models have manifested the key role of PADs in various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). AREA COVERED This review summarizes the latest developments in the role of PADs in CVD pathogenesis. It focuses on the PAD functions and diverse citrullinated proteins in cardiovascular conditions like deep vein thrombosis, ischemia/reperfusion, and atherosclerosis. Identification of PAD isoforms and citrullinated targets are essential for directing diagnosis and clinical intervention. Finally, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are addressed as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. A search of PubMed biomedical literature from the past ten years was performed with a combination of the following keywords: PAD/PADI, deimination/citrullination, autoimmune, fibrosis, NET, neutrophil, macrophage, inflammation, inflammasome, cardiovascular, heart disease, myocardial infarction, ischemia, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and aging. Additional papers from retrieved articles were also considered. EXPERT OPINION PADs are unique family of enzymes that converts peptidyl-arginine to -citrulline in protein permanently. Overexpression or increased activity of PAD has been observed in various CVDs with acute and chronic inflammation as the background. Importantly, far beyond being simply involved in forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), accumulating evidence indicated PAD activation as a trigger for numerous processes, such as transcriptional regulation, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombus formation. In summary, the findings so far have testified the important role of deimination in cardiovascular biology, while more basic and translational studies are essential to further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rowann Mostafa
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Esra Ibili
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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12
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Stachowicz A, Sundararaman N, Venkatraman V, Van Eyk J, Fert-Bober J. pH/Acetonitrile-Gradient Reversed-Phase Fractionation of Enriched Hyper-Citrullinated Library in Combination with LC-MS/MS Analysis for Confident Identification of Citrullinated Peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2420:107-126. [PMID: 34905169 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1936-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Citrullination, the Ca2+-driven enzymatic conversion of arginine residues to citrulline, is a posttranslational modification, implicated in several physiological and pathological processes. Several methods to detect citrullinated proteins have been developed, including color development reagent, fluorescence, phenylglyoxal, and antibody-based methods. These methods yet suffer from limitations in sensitivity, specificity, or citrullinated site determination. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic analysis has emerged as a promising method to resolve these problems. However, due to low abundance of citrullinated proteins and similar MS features to deamidation of asparagine and glutamine, confident identification of citrullinated proteome is challenging. Here, we present a systematic approach to identify a compendium of steps to enhance the number of detected citrullinated residue and implement diagnostic MS feature that allow the confidence of MS-based identifications. Our method is based on the concept of generation of hyper-citrullinated library with high-pH reversed-phase peptide fractionation that allows to enrich in low abundance citrullinated peptides and amplify the effect of charge loss upon citrullination. Application of our approach to complex global citrullino-proteome datasets demonstrates the confident assessment of citrullinated peptides, thereby enhancing the size and functional interpretation of citrullinated proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Stachowicz
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Institute of Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Niveda Sundararaman
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Precision Biomarker Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vidya Venkatraman
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Precision Biomarker Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Van Eyk
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Precision Biomarker Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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13
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Ebinger JE, Lan R, Sun N, Wu M, Joung S, Botwin GJ, Botting P, Al-Amili D, Aronow H, Beekley J, Coleman B, Contreras S, Cozen W, Davis J, Debbas P, Diaz J, Driver M, Fert-Bober J, Gu Q, Heath M, Herrera E, Hoang A, Hussain SK, Huynh C, Kim L, Kittleson M, Liu Y, Lloyd J, Luong E, Malladi B, Merchant A, Merin N, Mujukian A, Nguyen N, Nguyen TT, Pozdnyakova V, Rashid M, Raedschelders K, Reckamp KL, Rhoades K, Sternbach S, Vallejo R, White S, Tompkins R, Wong M, Arditi M, Figueiredo JC, Van Eyk JE, Miles PB, Chavira C, Shane R, Sobhani K, Melmed GY, McGovern DPB, Braun JG, Cheng S, Minissian MB. Symptomology following mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Prev Med 2021; 153:106860. [PMID: 34687733 PMCID: PMC8527734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite demonstrated efficacy of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), widespread hesitancy to vaccination persists. Improved knowledge regarding frequency, severity, and duration of vaccine-associated symptoms may help reduce hesitancy. In this prospective observational study, we studied 1032 healthcare workers who received both doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and completed post-vaccine symptom surveys both after dose 1 and after dose 2. We defined appreciable post-vaccine symptoms as those of at least moderate severity and lasting at least 2 days. We found that symptoms were more frequent following the second vaccine dose than the first (74% vs. 60%, P < 0.001), with >80% of all symptoms resolving within 2 days. The most common symptom was injection site pain, followed by fatigue and malaise. Overall, 20% of participants experienced appreciable symptoms after dose 1 and 30% after dose 2. In multivariable analyses, female sex was associated with greater odds of appreciable symptoms after both dose 1 (OR, 95% CI 1.73, 1.19-2.51) and dose 2 (1.76, 1.28-2.42). Prior COVID-19 was also associated with appreciable symptoms following dose 1, while younger age and history of hypertension were associated with appreciable symptoms after dose 2. We conclude that most post-vaccine symptoms are reportedly mild and last <2 days. Appreciable post-vaccine symptoms are associated with female sex, prior COVID-19, younger age, and hypertension. This information can aid clinicians in advising patients on the safety and expected symptomatology associated with vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Ebinger
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roy Lan
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nancy Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandy Joung
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gregory J Botwin
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai, USA
| | - Patrick Botting
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniah Al-Amili
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harriet Aronow
- Brawerman Nursing Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Beekley
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bernice Coleman
- Brawerman Nursing Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Contreras
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine at UCI, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine at UCI, Irvine, CA, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai, USA
| | - Philip Debbas
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai, USA
| | - Jacqueline Diaz
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Driver
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Quanquan Gu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mallory Heath
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ergueen Herrera
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy Hoang
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shehnaz K Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carissa Huynh
- Biobank & Translational Research Core Laboratory, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda Kim
- Brawerman Nursing Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Kittleson
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunxian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Lloyd
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric Luong
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bhavya Malladi
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Akil Merchant
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noah Merin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela Mujukian
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai, USA
| | - Nathalie Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Trevor-Trung Nguyen
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Valeriya Pozdnyakova
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai, USA
| | - Mohamad Rashid
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Koen Raedschelders
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen L Reckamp
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kylie Rhoades
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Sternbach
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rocío Vallejo
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shane White
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai, USA
| | - Rose Tompkins
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Wong
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious, Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peggy B Miles
- Employee Health Services, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Chavira
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rita Shane
- Department of Pharmacy, Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimia Sobhani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gil Y Melmed
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai, USA
| | - Jonathan G Braun
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA..
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Margo B Minissian
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Brawerman Nursing Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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14
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McArdle A, Washington KE, Chazarin Orgel B, Binek A, Manalo DM, Rivas A, Ayres M, Pandey R, Phebus C, Raedschelders K, Fert-Bober J, Van Eyk JE. Discovery Proteomics for COVID-19: Where We Are Now. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4627-4639. [PMID: 34550702 PMCID: PMC8482317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible coronavirus responsible for the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has had a devastating impact on society. Here, we summarize proteomic research that has helped elucidate hallmark proteins associated with the disease with respect to both short- and long-term diagnosis and prognosis. Additionally, we review the highly variable humoral response associated with COVID-19 and the increased risk of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela McArdle
- Advanced
Clinical Biosystems Institute and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Kirstin E. Washington
- Advanced
Clinical Biosystems Institute and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Blandine Chazarin Orgel
- Advanced
Clinical Biosystems Institute and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Aleksandra Binek
- Advanced
Clinical Biosystems Institute and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Danica-Mae Manalo
- Advanced
Clinical Biosystems Institute and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Alejandro Rivas
- Advanced
Clinical Biosystems Institute and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Matthew Ayres
- Advanced
Clinical Biosystems Institute and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Rakhi Pandey
- Advanced
Clinical Biosystems Institute and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Connor Phebus
- Advanced
Clinical Biosystems Institute and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Koen Raedschelders
- Advanced
Clinical Biosystems Institute and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Advanced
Clinical Biosystems Institute and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
- Department
of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai
Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Advanced
Clinical Biosystems Institute and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
- Department
of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai
Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
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15
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Ebinger JE, Fert-Bober J, Printsev I, Wu M, Sun N, Prostko JC, Frias EC, Stewart JL, Van Eyk JE, Braun JG, Cheng S, Sobhani K. Antibody responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Nat Med 2021; 27:981-984. [PMID: 33795870 PMCID: PMC8205849 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In a cohort of BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) mRNA vaccine recipients (n = 1,090), we observed that spike-specific IgG antibody levels and ACE2 antibody binding inhibition responses elicited by a single vaccine dose in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 35) were similar to those seen after two doses of vaccine in individuals without prior infection (n = 228). Post-vaccine symptoms were more prominent for those with prior infection after the first dose, but symptomology was similar between groups after the second dose. Virus-specific antibody levels after a single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 are similar to levels after two doses of the vaccine in infection-naive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Ebinger
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ignat Printsev
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nancy Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John C Prostko
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Edwin C Frias
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - James L Stewart
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan G Braun
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Kimia Sobhani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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16
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Ebinger JE, Fert-Bober J, Printsev I, Wu M, Sun N, Figueiredo JC, Van Eyk JE, Braun JG, Cheng S, Sobhani K. Prior COVID-19 Infection and Antibody Response to Single Versus Double Dose mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination. medRxiv 2021:2021.02.23.21252230. [PMID: 33655279 PMCID: PMC7924304 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.23.21252230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The double dose regimen for mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 presents both a hope and a challenge for global efforts to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. With supply chain logistics impacting the rollout of population-scale vaccination programs, increasing attention has turned to the potential efficacy of single versus double dose vaccine administration for select individuals. To this end, we examined response to Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine in a large cohort of healthcare workers including those with versus without prior COVID-19 infection. For all participants, we quantified circulating levels of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike (S) protein IgG at baseline prior to vaccine, after vaccine dose 1, and after vaccine dose 2. We observed that the anti-S IgG antibody response following a single vaccine dose in persons who had recovered from confirmed prior COVID-19 infection was similar to the antibody response following two doses of vaccine in persons without prior infection (P≥0.58). Patterns were similar for the post-vaccine symptoms experienced by infection recovered persons following their first dose compared to the symptoms experienced by infection naïve persons following their second dose (P=0.66). These results support the premise that a single dose of mRNA vaccine could provoke in COVID-19 recovered individuals a level of immunity that is comparable to that seen in infection naïve persons following a double dose regimen. Additional studies are needed to validate our findings, which could allow for public health programs to expand the reach of population wide vaccination efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Ebinger
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ignat Printsev
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nancy Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jane C. Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan G. Braun
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kimia Sobhani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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17
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Ebinger JE, Botwin GJ, Albert CM, Alotaibi M, Arditi M, Berg AH, Binek A, Botting P, Fert-Bober J, Figueiredo JC, Grein JD, Hasan W, Henglin M, Hussain SK, Jain M, Joung S, Karin M, Kim EH, Li D, Liu Y, Luong E, McGovern DPB, Merchant A, Merin N, Miles PB, Minissian M, Nguyen TT, Raedschelders K, Rashid MA, Riera CE, Riggs RV, Sharma S, Sternbach S, Sun N, Tourtellotte WG, Van Eyk JE, Sobhani K, Braun JG, Cheng S. Seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043584. [PMID: 33579769 PMCID: PMC7883610 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the extent of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and the factors associated with seroprevalence across a diverse cohort of healthcare workers. DESIGN Observational cohort study of healthcare workers, including SARS-CoV-2 serology testing and participant questionnaires. SETTINGS A multisite healthcare delivery system located in Los Angeles County. PARTICIPANTS A diverse and unselected population of adults (n=6062) employed in a multisite healthcare delivery system located in Los Angeles County, including individuals with direct patient contact and others with non-patient-oriented work functions. MAIN OUTCOMES Using Bayesian and multivariate analyses, we estimated seroprevalence and factors associated with seropositivity and antibody levels, including pre-existing demographic and clinical characteristics; potential COVID-19 illness-related exposures; and symptoms consistent with COVID-19 infection. RESULTS We observed a seroprevalence rate of 4.1%, with anosmia as the most prominently associated self-reported symptom (OR 11.04, p<0.001) in addition to fever (OR 2.02, p=0.002) and myalgias (OR 1.65, p=0.035). After adjusting for potential confounders, seroprevalence was also associated with Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.98, p=0.001) and African-American race (OR 2.02, p=0.027) as well as contact with a COVID-19-diagnosed individual in the household (OR 5.73, p<0.001) or clinical work setting (OR 1.76, p=0.002). Importantly, African-American race and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with antibody positivity even after adjusting for personal COVID-19 diagnosis status, suggesting the contribution of unmeasured structural or societal factors. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE The demographic factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among our healthcare workers underscore the importance of exposure sources beyond the workplace. The size and diversity of our study population, combined with robust survey and modelling techniques, provide a vibrant picture of the demographic factors, exposures and symptoms that can identify individuals with susceptibility as well as potential to mount an immune response to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Ebinger
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gregory J Botwin
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christine M Albert
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mona Alotaibi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anders H Berg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aleksandra Binek
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Patrick Botting
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan D Grein
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wohaib Hasan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Biobank & Translational Research Core Laboratory, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mir Henglin
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shehnaz K Hussain
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sandy Joung
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dalin Li
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yunxian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eric Luong
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Akil Merchant
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Noah Merin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peggy B Miles
- Employee Health Services, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Margo Minissian
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Brawerman Nursing Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Trevor Trung Nguyen
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Koen Raedschelders
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohamad A Rashid
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Celine E Riera
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Richard V Riggs
- Chief Medical Officer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sonia Sharma
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sarah Sternbach
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nancy Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Warren G Tourtellotte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Biobank & Translational Research Core Laboratory, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kimia Sobhani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan G Braun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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18
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Fert-Bober J, Darrah E, Andrade F. Insights into the study and origin of the citrullinome in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Rev 2019; 294:133-147. [PMID: 31876028 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The presence of autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells to citrullinated proteins and citrullinating enzymes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), together with the accumulation of citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid joints, provides substantial evidence that dysregulated citrullination is a hallmark feature of RA. However, understanding mechanisms that dysregulate citrullination in RA has important challenges. Citrullination is a normal process in immune and non-immune cells, which is likely activated by different conditions (eg, inflammation) with no pathogenic consequences. In a complex inflammatory environment such as the RA joint, unique strategies are therefore required to dissect specific mechanisms involved in the abnormal production of citrullinated proteins. Here, we will review current models of citrullination in RA and discuss critical components that, in our view, are relevant to understanding the accumulation of citrullinated proteins in the RA joint, collectively referred to as the RA citrullinome. In particular, we will focus on potential caveats in the study of citrullination in RA and will highlight methods to precisely detect citrullinated proteins in complex biological samples, which is a confirmatory approach to mechanistically link the RA citrullinome with unique pathogenic pathways in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Fert-Bober
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Erika Darrah
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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19
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Ruiz-Romero C, Lam MPY, Nilsson P, Önnerfjord P, Utz PJ, Van Eyk JE, Venkatraman V, Fert-Bober J, Watt FE, Blanco FJ. Mining the Proteome Associated with Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:4231-4239. [PMID: 31599600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A steady increase in the incidence of osteoarthritis and other rheumatic diseases has been observed in recent decades, including autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatic and autoimmune diseases (RADs) are characterized by the inflammation of joints, muscles, or other connective tissues. In addition to often experiencing debilitating mobility and pain, RAD patients are also at a higher risk of suffering comorbidities such as cardiovascular or infectious events. Given the socioeconomic impact of RADs, broad research efforts have been dedicated to these diseases worldwide. In the present work, we applied literature mining platforms to identify "popular" proteins closely related to RADs. The platform is based on publicly available literature. The results not only will enable the systematic prioritization of candidates to perform targeted proteomics studies but also may lead to a greater insight into the key pathogenic processes of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ruiz-Romero
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Unidad de Proteómica, INIBIC - Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, SERGAS , Universidad de A Coruña , A Coruña 15006 , Spain
| | - Maggie P Y Lam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Anschutz Medical Campus , University of Colorado Denver , Aurora , Colorado 80045 , United States
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Department of Protein Science , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm 17121 , Sweden
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology , Lund University , Lund 22184 , Sweden
| | - Paul J Utz
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology , Stanford University School of Medicine ; Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Department of Medicine and The Heart Institute , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , California 90048 , United States
| | - Vidya Venkatraman
- Department of Medicine and The Heart Institute , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , California 90048 , United States
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Department of Medicine and The Heart Institute , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , California 90048 , United States
| | - Fiona E Watt
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7FY , United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, SERGAS , Departamento de Medicina Universidad de A Coruña , A Coruña 15006 , Spain
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20
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Fert-Bober J, Murray CI, Parker SJ, Van Eyk JE. Precision Profiling of the Cardiovascular Post-Translationally Modified Proteome: Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way. Circ Res 2019; 122:1221-1237. [PMID: 29700069 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.310966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is an exponential increase in biological complexity as initial gene transcripts are spliced, translated into amino acid sequence, and post-translationally modified. Each protein can exist as multiple chemical or sequence-specific proteoforms, and each has the potential to be a critical mediator of a physiological or pathophysiological signaling cascade. Here, we provide an overview of how different proteoforms come about in biological systems and how they are most commonly measured using mass spectrometry-based proteomics and bioinformatics. Our goal is to present this information at a level accessible to every scientist interested in mass spectrometry and its application to proteome profiling. We will specifically discuss recent data linking various protein post-translational modifications to cardiovascular disease and conclude with a discussion for enablement and democratization of proteomics across the cardiovascular and scientific community. The aim is to inform and inspire the readership to explore a larger breadth of proteoform, particularity post-translational modifications, related to their particular areas of expertise in cardiovascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Fert-Bober
- From the Advanced Clinical BioSystems Research Institute, Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christopher I Murray
- From the Advanced Clinical BioSystems Research Institute, Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sarah J Parker
- From the Advanced Clinical BioSystems Research Institute, Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- From the Advanced Clinical BioSystems Research Institute, Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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21
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Fert-Bober J, Venkatraman V, Hunter CL, Liu R, Crowgey EL, Pandey R, Holewinski RJ, Stotland A, Berman BP, Van Eyk JE. Mapping Citrullinated Sites in Multiple Organs of Mice Using Hypercitrullinated Library. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2270-2278. [PMID: 30990720 PMCID: PMC10363406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein citrullination (or deimination), an irreversible post-translational modification, has been implicated in several physiological and pathological processes, including gene expression regulation, apoptosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease. Several research studies have been carried out on citrullination under many conditions. However, until now, challenges in sample preparation and data analysis have made it difficult to confidently identify a citrullinated protein and assign the citrullinated site. To overcome these limitations, we generated a mouse hyper-citrullinated spectral library and set up coordinates to confidently identify and validate citrullinated sites. Using this workflow, we detect a four-fold increase in citrullinated proteome coverage across six mouse organs compared with the current state-of-the art techniques. Our data reveal that the subcellular distribution of citrullinated proteins is tissue-type-dependent and that citrullinated targets are involved in fundamental physiological processes, including the metabolic process. These data represent the first report of a hyper-citrullinated library for the mouse and serve as a central resource for exploring the role of citrullination in this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Fert-Bober
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Vidya Venkatraman
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | | | - Ruining Liu
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Erin L. Crowgey
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours - Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Rakhi Pandey
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Ronald J. Holewinski
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Aleksandr Stotland
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Berman
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
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22
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Rainer PP, Dong P, Sorge M, Fert-Bober J, Holewinski RJ, Wang Y, Foss CA, An SS, Baracca A, Solaini G, Glabe CG, Pomper MG, Van Eyk JE, Tomaselli GF, Paolocci N, Agnetti G. Desmin Phosphorylation Triggers Preamyloid Oligomers Formation and Myocyte Dysfunction in Acquired Heart Failure. Circ Res 2018; 122:e75-e83. [PMID: 29483093 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Disrupted proteostasis is one major pathological trait that heart failure (HF) shares with other organ proteinopathies, such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Yet, differently from the latter, whether and how cardiac preamyloid oligomers (PAOs) develop in acquired forms of HF is unclear. OBJECTIVE We previously reported a rise in monophosphorylated, aggregate-prone desmin in canine and human HF. We now tested whether monophosphorylated desmin acts as the seed nucleating PAOs formation and determined whether positron emission tomography is able to detect myocardial PAOs in nongenetic HF. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we first show that toxic cardiac PAOs accumulate in the myocardium of mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction and that PAOs comigrate with the cytoskeletal protein desmin in this well-established model of acquired HF. We confirm this evidence in cardiac extracts from human ischemic and nonischemic HF. We also demonstrate that Ser31 phosphorylated desmin aggregates extensively in cultured cardiomyocytes. Lastly, we were able to detect the in vivo accumulation of cardiac PAOs using positron emission tomography for the first time in acquired HF. CONCLUSIONS Ser31 phosphorylated desmin is a likely candidate seed for the nucleation process leading to cardiac PAOs deposition. Desmin post-translational processing and misfolding constitute a new, attractive avenue for the diagnosis and treatment of the cardiac accumulation of toxic PAOs that can now be measured by positron emission tomography in acquired HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Rainer
- From the Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (P.P.R.)
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.P.R., P.D., Y.W., C.A.F., M.G.P., G.F.T., N.P., G.A.)
| | - Peihong Dong
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.P.R., P.D., Y.W., C.A.F., M.G.P., G.F.T., N.P., G.A.)
| | | | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Beverly-Hills, CA (J.F.-B., R.J.H., J.E.V.E.)
| | | | - Yuchuan Wang
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.P.R., P.D., Y.W., C.A.F., M.G.P., G.F.T., N.P., G.A.)
| | - Catherine A Foss
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.P.R., P.D., Y.W., C.A.F., M.G.P., G.F.T., N.P., G.A.)
| | - Steven S An
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (S.S.A.)
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy (A.B., G.S., G.A.)
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy (A.B., G.S., G.A.)
| | | | - Martin G Pomper
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.P.R., P.D., Y.W., C.A.F., M.G.P., G.F.T., N.P., G.A.)
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Beverly-Hills, CA (J.F.-B., R.J.H., J.E.V.E.)
| | - Gordon F Tomaselli
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.P.R., P.D., Y.W., C.A.F., M.G.P., G.F.T., N.P., G.A.)
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.P.R., P.D., Y.W., C.A.F., M.G.P., G.F.T., N.P., G.A.)
- University of Perugia, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Giulio Agnetti
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (P.P.R., P.D., Y.W., C.A.F., M.G.P., G.F.T., N.P., G.A.)
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy (A.B., G.S., G.A.)
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23
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Geraldino-Pardilla L, Russo C, Sokolove J, Robinson WH, Zartoshti A, Van Eyk J, Fert-Bober J, Lima J, Giles JT, Bathon JM. Association of anti-citrullinated protein or peptide antibodies with left ventricular structure and function in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:534-540. [PMID: 27994093 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective High levels of ACPAs in RA are associated with more severe arthritis and worse prognosis. However, the role of ACPAs in mediating the increased risk of heart failure in RA remains undefined. We examined whether specific ACPAs were associated with subclinical left ventricular (LV) phenotypes that presage heart failure. Methods Sera from RA patients without clinical cardiovascular disease were assayed for specific ACPAs using a custom Bio-Plex bead assay, and their cross-sectional associations with cardiac magnetic resonance-derived LV measures were evaluated. High ACPA level was defined as ⩾ 75th percentile. Findings were assessed in a second independent RA cohort with an expanded panel of ACPAs and LV measures assessed by 3D-echocardiography. Results In cohort 1 (n = 76), higher levels of anti-citrullinated fibrinogen 41-60 and anti-citrullinated vimentin antibodies were associated with a 10 and 6% higher adjusted mean LV mass index (LVMI), respectively, compared with lower antibody levels (P < 0.05). In contrast, higher levels of anti-citrullinated biglycan 247-266 were associated with a 13% lower adjusted mean LVMI compared with lower levels (P < 0.001). In cohort 2 (n = 74), the association between ACPAs targeting citrullinated fibrinogen and citrullinated vimentin peptides or protein and LVMI was confirmed: higher anti-citrullinated fibrinogen 556-575 and anti-citrullinated vimentin 58-77 antibody levels were associated with a higher adjusted mean LVMI (19 and 15%, respectively; P < 0.05), but no association with biglycan was found. Conclusion Higher levels of antibodies targeting citrullinated fibrinogen and vimentin peptides or protein were associated with a higher mean LVMI in both RA cohorts, potentially implicating autoimmune targeting of citrullinated proteins in myocardial remodelling in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesare Russo
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Jeremy Sokolove
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.,Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto
| | - William H Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford.,Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto
| | - Afshin Zartoshti
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Jenny Van Eyk
- The Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- The Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joao Lima
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jon T Giles
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Joan M Bathon
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
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24
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Sohn DH, Rhodes C, Onuma K, Zhao X, Sharpe O, Gazitt T, Shiao R, Fert-Bober J, Cheng D, Lahey LJ, Wong HH, Van Eyk J, Robinson WH, Sokolove J. Local Joint inflammation and histone citrullination in a murine model of the transition from preclinical autoimmunity to inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 67:2877-87. [PMID: 26227989 DOI: 10.1002/art.39283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, their presence years before the onset of clinical RA is perplexing. Although multiple putative citrullinated antigens have been identified, no studies have demonstrated the specific capacity of these antigens to initiate inflammatory arthritis. This study was undertaken to recapitulate the transition from preclinical to clinical RA and to demonstrate the capacity of local citrullination to facilitate this transition. METHODS We performed proteomic analysis of activated human neutrophils to identify citrullinated proteins, including those targeted as part of the RA immune response. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we compared RA and osteoarthritis synovial fluid for levels of citrullinated histone H2B and its immune complex. Using macrophage activation assays, we assessed the effect of histone citrullination on immunostimulatory capacity and evaluated the stimulatory capacity of native and citrullinated H2B immune complexes. Finally, we assessed the potential for anti-citrullinated H2B antibodies to mediate arthritis in vivo. RESULTS We identified robust targeting of neutrophil-derived citrullinated histones by the ACPA immune response. More than 90% of the RA patients had anti-citrullinated H2B antibodies. Histone citrullination increased innate immunostimulatory capacity, and immune complexes containing citrullinated histones activated macrophage cytokine production and propagated neutrophil activation. Finally, we demonstrated that immunization with H2B was arthritogenic, but only in the setting of underlying articular inflammation. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that citrullinated histones, specifically citrullinated H2B, are an antigenic target of the ACPA immune response. Furthermore, local generation of citrullinated antigen during low-grade articular inflammation provides a mechanistic model for the conversion from preclinical autoimmunity to inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Sohn
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Christopher Rhodes
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kazuhiro Onuma
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Orr Sharpe
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Tal Gazitt
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Rani Shiao
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Danye Cheng
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lauren J Lahey
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Heidi H Wong
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - William H Robinson
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jeremy Sokolove
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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25
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Fert-Bober J, Giles JT, Holewinski RJ, Kirk JA, Uhrigshardt H, Crowgey EL, Andrade F, Bingham CO, Park JK, Halushka MK, Kass DA, Bathon JM, Van Eyk JE. Citrullination of myofilament proteins in heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 108:232-42. [PMID: 26113265 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Citrullination, the post-translational conversion of arginine to citrulline by the enzyme family of peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), is associated with several diseases, and specific citrullinated proteins have been shown to alter function while others act as auto-antigens. In this study, we identified citrullinated proteins in human myocardial samples, from healthy and heart failure patients, and determined several potential functional consequences. Further we investigated PAD isoform cell-specific expression in the heart. METHODS AND RESULTS A citrullination-targeted proteomic strategy using data-independent (SWATH) acquisition method was used to identify the modified cardiac proteins. Citrullinated-induced sarcomeric proteins were validated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and investigated using biochemical and functional assays. Myocardial PAD isoforms were confirmed by RT-PCR with PAD2 being the major isoform in myocytes. In total, 304 citrullinated sites were identified that map to 145 proteins among the three study groups: normal, ischaemia, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Citrullination of myosin (using HMM fragment) decreased its intrinsic ATPase activity and inhibited the acto-HMM-ATPase activity. Citrullinated TM resulted in stronger F-actin binding and inhibited the acto-HMM-ATPase activity. Citrullinated TnI did not alter the binding to F-actin or acto-HMM-ATPase activity. Overall, citrullination of sarcomeric proteins caused a decrease in Ca(2+) sensitivity in skinned cardiomyocytes, with no change in maximal calcium-activated force or hill coefficient. CONCLUSION Citrullination unique to the cardiac proteome was identified. Our data indicate important structural and functional alterations to the cardiac sarcomere and the contribution of protein citrullination to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Fert-Bober
- The Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Clinical BioSystems Research Institute, Advanced Health Science Building, 9229, Los Angeles, CA, USA Bayview Proteomics Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John T Giles
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald J Holewinski
- The Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Clinical BioSystems Research Institute, Advanced Health Science Building, 9229, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helge Uhrigshardt
- Bayview Proteomics Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin L Crowgey
- The Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Clinical BioSystems Research Institute, Advanced Health Science Building, 9229, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clifton O Bingham
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kyun Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Marc K Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joan M Bathon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- The Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Clinical BioSystems Research Institute, Advanced Health Science Building, 9229, Los Angeles, CA, USA Bayview Proteomics Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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26
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Fert-Bober J, Sokolove J. Proteomics of citrullination in cardiovascular disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:522-33. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Fert-Bober
- Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD USA
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Jeremy Sokolove
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System and Stanford University; Palo Alto CA USA
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27
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Romero V, Fert-Bober J, Nigrovic PA, Darrah E, Haque UJ, Lee DM, van Eyk J, Rosen A, Andrade F. Immune-mediated pore-forming pathways induce cellular hypercitrullination and generate citrullinated autoantigens in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:209ra150. [PMID: 24174326 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies to citrullinated protein antigens are specific markers of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although protein citrullination can be activated by numerous stimuli in cells, it remains unclear which of these produce the prominent citrullinated autoantigens targeted in RA. In these studies, we show that RA synovial fluid cells have an unusual pattern of citrullination with marked citrullination of proteins across the broad range of molecular weights, which we term cellular hypercitrullination. Although histone citrullination is a common event during neutrophil activation and death induced by different pathways including apoptosis, NETosis, and necroptosis/autophagy, hypercitrullination is not induced by these stimuli. However, marked hypercitrullination is induced by two immune-mediated membranolytic pathways, mediated by perforin and the membrane attack complex (MAC), which are active in the RA joint and of importance in RA pathogenesis. We further demonstrate that perforin and MAC activity on neutrophils generate the profile of citrullinated autoantigens characteristic of RA. These data suggest that activation of peptidylarginine deiminases during complement and perforin activity may be at the core of citrullinated autoantigen production in RA. These pathways may be amenable to monitoring and therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Romero
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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28
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Mathias RA, Huang L, Vergara CI, Gao L, Rafaels NM, Potee J, Campbell M, Masuko H, Fert-Bober J, Snider J, Taub M, Ruczinski I, Beaty TH, Van Eyk JE, Barnes KC. Sequencing Of The ST2 Gene and The Identification Of Genetic Determinants Of Serum Total ST2 Levels: Strong Evidence For Replication Across European and African American Populations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Morissette R, Schoenhoff F, Xu Z, Shilane DA, Griswold BF, Chen W, Yang J, Zhu J, Fert-Bober J, Sloper L, Lehman J, Commins N, Van Eyk JE, McDonnell NB. Transforming growth factor-β and inflammation in vascular (type IV) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:80-8. [PMID: 24399159 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (VEDS) causes reduced life expectancy because of arterial dissections/rupture and hollow organ rupture. Although the causative gene, COL3A1, was identified >20 years ago, there has been limited progress in understanding the disease mechanisms or identifying treatments. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied inflammatory and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling biomarkers in plasma and from dermal fibroblasts from patients with VEDS. Analyses were done in terms of clinical disease severity, genotype-phenotype correlations, and body composition and fat deposition alterations. VEDS subjects had increased circulating TGF-β1, TGF-β2, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, C-reactive protein, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and leptin and decreased interleukin-8 versus controls. VEDS dermal fibroblasts secreted more TGF-β2, whereas downstream canonical/noncanonical TGF-β signaling was not different. Patients with COL3A1 exon skipping mutations had higher plasma intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and VEDS probands had abnormally high plasma C-reactive protein versus affected patients identified through family members before any disease manifestations. Patients with VEDS had higher mean platelet volumes, suggesting increased platelet turnover because of ongoing vascular damage, as well as increased regional truncal adiposity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that VEDS is a systemic disease with a major inflammatory component. C-reactive protein is linked to disease state and may be a disease activity marker. No changes in downstream TGF-β signaling and increased platelet turnover suggest that chronic vascular damage may partially explain increased plasma TGF-β1. Finally, we found a novel role for dysregulated TGF-β2, as well as adipocyte dysfunction, as demonstrated through reduced interleukin-8 and elevated leptin in VEDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Morissette
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
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30
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Lindsay ME, Schepers D, Bolar NA, Doyle JJ, Gallo E, Fert-Bober J, Kempers MJE, Fishman EK, Chen Y, Myers L, Bjeda D, Oswald G, Elias AF, Levy HP, Anderlid BM, Yang MH, Bongers EMHF, Timmermans J, Braverman AC, Canham N, Mortier GR, Brunner HG, Byers PH, Van Eyk J, Van Laer L, Dietz HC, Loeys BL. Loss-of-function mutations in TGFB2 cause a syndromic presentation of thoracic aortic aneurysm. Nat Genet 2012; 44:922-7. [PMID: 22772368 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) associates with a tissue signature for high transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling but is often caused by heterozygous mutations in genes encoding positive effectors of TGF-β signaling, including either subunit of the TGF-β receptor or SMAD3, thereby engendering controversy regarding the mechanism of disease. Here, we report heterozygous mutations or deletions in the gene encoding the TGF-β2 ligand for a phenotype within the LDS spectrum and show upregulation of TGF-β signaling in aortic tissue from affected individuals. Furthermore, haploinsufficient Tgfb2(+/-) mice have aortic root aneurysm and biochemical evidence of increased canonical and noncanonical TGF-β signaling. Mice that harbor both a mutant Marfan syndrome (MFS) allele (Fbn1(C1039G/+)) and Tgfb2 haploinsufficiency show increased TGF-β signaling and phenotypic worsening in association with normalization of TGF-β2 expression and high expression of TGF-β1. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that compensatory autocrine and/or paracrine events contribute to the pathogenesis of TGF-β-mediated vasculopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Lindsay
- Helen B Taussig Children's Heart Center, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Giles JT, Fert-Bober J, Park JK, Bingham CO, Andrade F, Fox-Talbot K, Pappas D, Rosen A, van Eyk J, Bathon JM, Halushka MK. Myocardial citrullination in rheumatoid arthritis: a correlative histopathologic study. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R39. [PMID: 22364592 PMCID: PMC3392839 DOI: 10.1186/ar3752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to explore the presence and localization of myocardial citrullination in samples from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared to rheumatic and non-rheumatic disease control groups. Methods Archived myocardial samples obtained during autopsy from 1995 to 2009 were assembled into four groups: RA; scleroderma; fatal myocarditis; and non-rheumatic disease controls. Samples were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the presence and localization of citrullination and peptidyl arginine deiminase enzymes (PADs) by a single cardiovascular pathologist blinded to disease group and clinical characteristics. Results Myocardial samples from seventeen RA patients were compared with those from fourteen controls, five fatal myocarditis patients, and ten scleroderma patients. Strong citrullination staining was detected exclusively in the myocardial interstitium in each of the groups. However, average and peak anti-citrulline staining was 59% and 44% higher, respectively, for the RA group compared to the combined non-RA groups (P < 0.05 for both comparisons). Myocardial fibrosis did not differ between the groups. In contrast to citrullination, PADs 1 to 3 and 6 were detected in cardiomyocytes (primarily PADs 1 and 3), resident inflammatory cells (primarily PADs 2 and 4), and, to a smaller extent, in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. PAD staining did not co-localize with anti-citrulline staining in the interstitium and did not vary by disease state. Conclusions Staining for citrullination was higher in the myocardial interstitium of RA compared to other disease states, a finding that could link autoimmunity to the known increase in myocardial dysfunction and heart failure in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon T Giles
- Division of Rheumatology, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA.
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Doroszko A, Hurst TS, Polewicz D, Sawicka J, Fert-Bober J, Johnson DH, Sawicki G. Effects of MMP-9 inhibition by doxycycline on proteome of lungs in high tidal volume mechanical ventilation-induced acute lung injury. Proteome Sci 2010; 8:3. [PMID: 20205825 PMCID: PMC2824689 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-8-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although mechanical ventilation (MV) is a major supportive therapy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, it may result in side effects including lung injury. In this study we hypothesize that MMP-9 inhibition by doxycycline might reduce MV-related lung damage. Using a proteomic approach we identified the pulmonary proteins altered in high volume ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI). Forty Wistar rats were randomized to an orally pretreated with doxycycline group (n = 20) or to a placebo group (n = 20) each of which was followed by instrumentation prior to either low or high tidal volume mechanical ventilation. Afterwards, animals were euthanized and lungs were harvested for subsequent analyses. Results Mechanical function and gas exchange parameters improved following treatment with doxycycline in the high volume ventilated group as compared to the placebo group. Nine pulmonary proteins have shown significant changes between the two biochemically analysed (high volume ventilated) groups. Treatment with doxycycline resulted in a decrease of pulmonary MMP-9 activity as well as in an increase in the levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproduct, apoliporotein A-I, peroxiredoxin II, four molecular forms of albumin and two unnamed proteins. Using the pharmacoproteomic approach we have shown that treatment with doxycycline leads to an increase in levels of several proteins, which could potentially be part of a defense mechanism. Conclusion Administration of doxycycline might be a significant supportive therapeutic strategy in prevention of VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Doroszko
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious problem resulting from clinical setting of coronary revascularization. Despite extensive studies on I/R injury, the molecular bases of cardiac dysfunction caused by I/R are still unknown, but are likely to result from alterations in protein expression. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 15-30 min of no-flow ischemia without (Ischemia protocol) or with 30 min of reperfusion (I/R protocol). 2-DE analysis of heart proteins from both experimental protocols showed wide-ranging changes in protein levels. In the Ischemia protocol, 39 protein spots were changed in ischemic groups and those changes correlated with duration of ischemia. Ninety percent of the affected proteins were increased. In contrast to increased protein levels, the total messenger RNA (mRNA) level decreased approximately two fold. Compared to the Ischemia protocol, changes in protein levels in the I/R protocol did not correlate with the duration of ischemia and the degree of recovery of mechanical function. The decrease of affected protein from I/R protocol was associated with the increase in total protein level in reperfusate. Our studies show that the protein increase is correlated with the mechanical function of the I/R hearts and the increase is not likely associated with an increase in protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Fert-Bober
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Fert-Bober J, Sawicki G, Lopaschuk GD, Cheung PY. Proteomic analysis of cardiac metabolic enzymes in asphyxiated newborn piglets. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 318:13-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fert-Bober J, Leon H, Sawicka J, Basran RS, Devon RM, Schulz R, Sawicki G. Inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2 reduces protein release into coronary effluent from isolated rat hearts during ischemia-reperfusion. Basic Res Cardiol 2008; 103:431-43. [PMID: 18512095 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-008-0727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the disruption of the coronary endothelium and the increase in its permeability during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), are linked to matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity. Studies from our group have shown that during I/R, activity of MMP-2 in the coronary effluent increases and this increase is associated with cardiac dysfunction, which in turn, can be prevented by MMP inhibitors. Therefore, we hypothesize that inhibiting MMPs reduces the MMP-2 dependent disruption of the coronary endothelium and subsequent protein release during I/R. METHODS Isolated rat hearts were perfused in the Langendorff mode at a constant pressure and subjected to 15, 20 or 30 min no-flow ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion. The MMP inhibitors, o-phenanthroline (Phen, 100 microM) or doxycycline (Doxy, 30 microM) an inhibitors of MMPs, were added to the perfusion solution 10 min before ischemia and for the first 10 min of reperfusion. The coronary effluents were collected during perfusion for protein analysis. Creatine kinase was measured as an index of cellular damage. Endothelial integrity was assessed by measuring coronary flow and by measuring the levels of serotransferrin and interstitial albumin in the coronary effluent. Additionally, damage to the endothelium was assessed histologically by light microscopy analysis of the cellular structure of the myocardium. MMP-2 activity was measured by zymography in hearts subjected to 15, 20 and 30 min of ischemia without reperfusion. RESULTS MMP-2 activity was increased in heart tissue at the end of ischemia and was correlated with duration of ischemia. The post-ischemia decrease in coronary flow, and the increase in the release of serotransferrin and albumin were attenuated by Phen. Edema (another indirect marker of endothelial damage) was observed in I/R heart and the edema was abolished in I/R heart treated with MMP inhibitors. CONCLUSION MMP inhibition not only reduces cardiac mechanical dysfunction but also reduces endothelial damage resulting from cardiac I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Fert-Bober
- Dept. of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
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