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Bhat VS, Watanabe S, Baumgaertl K, Kleibert A, Schoen MAW, Vaz CAF, Grundler D. Magnon Modes of Microstates and Microwave-Induced Avalanche in Kagome Artificial Spin Ice with Topological Defects. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:117208. [PMID: 32975965 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.117208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate spin dynamics of microstates in artificial spin ice (ASI) in Ni_{81}Fe_{19} nanomagnets arranged in an interconnected kagome lattice using microfocus Brillouin light scattering, broadband ferromagnetic resonance, magnetic force microscopy, x-ray photoemission electron microscopy, and simulations. We experimentally reconfigure microstates in ASI using a 2D vector field protocol and apply microwave-assisted switching to intentionally trigger reversal. Our work is key for the creation of avalanches inside the kagome ASI and reprogrammable magnonics based on ASIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Bhat
- Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Magnonics, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- International Research Centre MagTop, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Watanabe
- Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Magnonics, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Baumgaertl
- Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Magnonics, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Kleibert
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 PSI Villigen, Switzerland
| | - M A W Schoen
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 PSI Villigen, Switzerland
| | - C A F Vaz
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 PSI Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D Grundler
- Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Magnonics, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Microengineering, Laboratory of Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Magnonics, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Giordano MC, Baumgaertl K, Escobar Steinvall S, Gay J, Vuichard M, Fontcuberta I Morral A, Grundler D. Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Nickel Nanotubes with Low Resistivity and Coherent Magnetization Dynamics for 3D Spintronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:40443-40452. [PMID: 32805802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) to prepare conformal nickel thin films and nanotubes using nickelocene as a precursor, water as the oxidant agent, and an in-cycle plasma-enhanced reduction step with hydrogen. The optimized ALD pulse sequence, combined with a post-processing annealing treatment, allowed us to prepare 30 nm-thick metallic Ni layers with a resistivity of 8 μΩ cm at room temperature and good conformality both on the planar substrates and nanotemplates. Thus, we fabricated several micrometers-long nickel nanotubes with diameters ranging from 120 to 330 nm. We report the correlation between ALD growth and functional properties of individual Ni nanotubes characterized in terms of magnetotransport and the confinement of spin-wave modes. The findings offer novel perspectives for Ni-based spintronics and magnonic devices operated in the GHz frequency regime with 3D device architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Escobar Steinvall
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - A Fontcuberta I Morral
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Grundler
- Institute of Microengineering (IMT), School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Horstmann MA, Pösl M, Scholz RB, Anderegg B, Simon P, Baumgaertl K, Delling G, Kabisch H. Frequent reduction or loss of DCC gene expression in human osteosarcoma. Br J Cancer 1997; 75:1309-17. [PMID: 9155051 PMCID: PMC2228234 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1997.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The 'deleted in colon carcinoma' (DCC) gene has been considered a candidate tumour-suppressor gene that encodes for a transmembrane protein with strong structural similarity to members of the superfamily of neural cell adhesion molecules. It has been mapped to the chromosomal region 18q21.1 and it is implicated in cellular differentiation and developmental processes. In human osteosarcoma allelic loss frequently occurs on the long arm of chromosome 18, suggesting a possible involvement of the DCC gene in the pathogenesis of this tumour entity. In the present study the mRNA and protein expression and rearrangements at the DNA level of the DCC gene were addressed in 25 osteosarcomas and several tumour cell lines, including osteosarcoma- and colon carcinoma-derived cell lines. Using an reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reach in (RT-PCR)-based approach DCC expression was found to be lost or substantially reduced in 14 of 19 high-grade osteosarcomas, in three of six lower grade osteosarcomas and most of the tumour cell lines, in contrast to normally differentiated osteoblasts. Immunohistochemical studies on DCC protein expression of 14 selected tumours correlated well with the RT-PCR-based results. In view of the putative tumour-suppressor characteristics of the DCC gene its loss or reduction of expression could be a specific event in the development or progression of many high-grade osteosarcomas.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Blotting, Southern
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bone Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Child
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics
- DCC Receptor
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, DCC/genetics
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor/genetics
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Osteosarcoma/genetics
- Osteosarcoma/metabolism
- Osteosarcoma/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Horstmann
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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