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Abstract
In order to further investigate the epidemiology of Mycoplasma genitalium, 680 men attending departments of genitourinary medicine in Bristol, Bath and Truro were studied. M. genitalium was detected in 36 men (5.3%) and was present at all three clinics. Clinically, both urethritis and the presence of a urethral discharge and/or dysuria, but not penile irritation were independently associated with the detection of M. genitalium, the former being with the strongest association (odds ratio [OR] 10.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] [3.10–37.29], P < 0.0001; OR 3.01, 95% CI [1.28–7.05], P = 0.011 and OR 1.28, 95% CI [0.61–2.69], P = 0.51, respectively). In men with urethritis, those with a discharge and/or dysuria were more likely to have M. genitalium detected (OR 2.61, 95% CI [1.09–6.25], P = 0.032). We found no association with younger age or a recent change of sexual partner. In conclusion, M. genitalium is associated with symptomatic urethritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leung
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8AS, UK.
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Eastick K. P3.263 Do Men Harbour the Same Strain of Gonococcus at Multiple Anatomical Sites?: Abstract P3.263 Table 1. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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3
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Shone J, Cunningham C, Orange G, Eastick K, Yirrell D, Allstaff S. P74 Epidemiology of an Neisseria gonorrhoeaeoutbreak in a low prevalence area. Br J Vener Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2012-050601c.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Shone J, Orange G, Allstaff S, Cunningham C, Yirrell D, Eastick K. P70 Neisseria gonorrhoeaeST26; emergence of an MSM associated strain within a heterosexual population during an outbreak: Abstract P70 Table 1. Br J Vener Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2012-050601c.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Eastick K, Winter A, Jamdar S. Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with a recombinant porA gene in Scotland, United Kingdom, 2010 to 2011. Euro Surveill 2012; 17:20101. [PMID: 22401562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Three isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae have been identified in Scotland in 2010 and 2011, which lack sequences in the porA pseudogene commonly used as the target for confirmatory gonorrhoea polymerase chain reaction assays. Two isolates were clustered temporally and geographically and have the same sequence type and porA sequence. A similar strain was reported in Australia during early 2011. The other Scottish isolate was identified separately and is different in sequence type and porA sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Eastick
- Scottish Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections Reference Laboratory, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Eastick K, Winter A, Jamdar S. Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with a recombinant porA gene in Scotland, United Kingdom, 2010 to 2011. Euro Surveill 2012. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.17.09.20101-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae have been identified in Scotland in 2010 and 2011, which lack sequences in the porA pseudogene commonly used as the target for confirmatory gonorrhoea polymerase chain reaction assays. Two isolates were clustered temporally and geographically and have the same sequence type and porA sequence. A similar strain was reported in Australia during early 2011. The other Scottish isolate was identified separately and is different in sequence type and porA sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Eastick
- Scottish Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections Reference Laboratory, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Winter
- Sandyford Sexual Health Services, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Jamdar
- Department of Microbiology, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, United Kingdom
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Eastick K, Noel M, Cloy K, Danial J, Cameron F, Cepeda J, Templeton K. P.028 The utility of vomit as a specimen in the investigation of norovirus outbreaks. J Clin Virol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(08)70091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Manning A, Russell V, Eastick K, Leadbetter GH, Hallam N, Templeton K, Simmonds P. Epidemiological profile and clinical associations of human bocavirus and other human parvoviruses. J Infect Dis 2006; 194:1283-90. [PMID: 17041855 PMCID: PMC7199845 DOI: 10.1086/508219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHuman bocavirus (HBoV) and PARV4 are newly discovered human parvoviruses. HBoV, which was first detected in respiratory samples, has a potential role in the development of human respiratory disease. The present study compared the frequencies, epidemiological profiles, and clinical backgrounds of HBoV and PARV4 infections with those of other respiratory virus infections, by evaluating diagnostic samples referred to the Specialist Virology Laboratory (SVL) at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (Edinburgh, United Kingdom) MethodsAnonymized samples and study subject information were obtained from the respiratory sample archive of the SVL. Samples were screened for HBoV, PARV4, B19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenoviruses, influenza viruses, and parainfluenza viruses by use of nested polymerase chain reaction ResultsHBoV infection was detected in 47 (8.2%) of 574 study subjects,&ranking third in prevalence behind RSV infection (15.7%) and adenovirus infection (10.3%). Peak incidences of HBoV were noted among infants and young children (age, 6–24 months) during the midwinter months (December and January) and were specifically associated with lower respiratory tract infections. HBoV infections were frequently accompanied by other respiratory viruses (frequency, 43%), and they were more prevalent among individuals infected with other respiratory viruses (17%), frequently adenovirus or RSV. All respiratory samples were negative for PARV4 ConclusionsIn the present study, HBoV was a frequently detected, potential respiratory pathogen, with a prevalence and an epidemiological profile comparable to those of RSV. Identification of HBoV infections may be clinically important in the future
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Manning
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, and
- Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Peter Simmonds, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh, EH9 IQH, UK ()
| | - V. Russell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, and
| | - K. Eastick
- Specialist Virology Laboratory, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - G. H. Leadbetter
- Specialist Virology Laboratory, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - N. Hallam
- Specialist Virology Laboratory, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - K. Templeton
- Specialist Virology Laboratory, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - P. Simmonds
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, and
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Krause C, Eastick K, Mitchell A. Mumps meningitis in south-east Scotland—a retrospective study. J Clin Virol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Templeton K, Manning A, Russell V, Eastick K, Leadbetter G, Hallam N, Simmonds P. Epidemiology and potential clinical associations of human bocavirus. J Clin Virol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Eastick K, Leadbetter G, Hallam N, Simmonds P, Templeton K. Respiratory virus real-time PCR in diagnostic use. J Clin Virol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Simms I, Eastick K, Mallinson H, Thomas K, Gokhale R, Hay P, Herring A, Rogers PA. Associations between Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis and pelvic inflammatory disease. J Clin Pathol 2003; 56:616-8. [PMID: 12890814 PMCID: PMC1770020 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.56.8.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) METHODS: A case-control methodology was used. Swab eluates were processed using the QIAamp DNA mini kit. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for M genitalium was carried out using a real time in-house 16S based assay. An endocervical swab was taken and tested for the presence of C trachomatis (ligase chain reaction, Abbott Laboratories), and a high vaginal swab was taken and tested for the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and bacterial vaginosis. RESULTS Of the PID cases 13% (6/45) had evidence of M genitalium infection compared to none of the controls (0/37); 27% (12/45) of the cases had C trachomatis infection compared to none of the controls; and 16% (7/45) of cases only had serological evidence of C trachomatis infection compared to 5% (2/37) of controls. Cases were more likely to present with M genitalium and/or C trachomatis than controls (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that there may be an association between M genitalium and PID, and that this relation is largely independent of C trachomatis. Future studies need to investigate the pathological basis of the relation between M genitalium and PID using samples from women with PID diagnosed using laparoscopy and endometrial biopsy. Little is known about the epidemiology of M genitalium: large scale epidemiological investigations are needed to determine the prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with this emerging infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Simms
- Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, UK.
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Simms I, Eastick K, Mallinson H, Thomas K, Gokhale R, Hay P, Herring A, Rogers PA. Associations between Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Sex Transm Infect 2003; 79:154-6. [PMID: 12690141 PMCID: PMC1744630 DOI: 10.1136/sti.79.2.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) METHODS: A case-control methodology was used. Swab eluates were processed using the QIAamp DNA mini kit. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for M. genitalium was carried out using a real time in-house 16S based assay. An endocervical swab was taken and tested for the presence of C. trachomatis (ligase chain reaction, Abbott Laboratories), and a high vaginal swab was taken and tested for the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and bacterial vaginosis. RESULTS Of the PID cases 13% (6/45) had evidence of M. genitalium infection compared to none of the controls (0/37); 27% (12/45) of the cases had C. trachomatis infection compared to none of the controls; and 16% (7/45) of cases only had serological evidence of C. trachomatis infection compared to 5% (2/37) of controls. Cases were more likely to present with M. genitalium and/or C trachomatis than controls (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that there may be an association between M. genitalium and PID, and that this relation is largely independent of C. trachomatis. Future studies need to investigate the pathological basis of the relation between M. genitalium and PID using samples from women with PID diagnosed using laparoscopy and endometrial biopsy. Little is known about the epidemiology of M. genitalium: large scale epidemiological investigations are needed to determine the prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with this emerging infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Simms
- Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London, UK.
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Abstract
AIMS To design and validate a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Mycoplasma genitalium. METHODS Primers were designed that were complementary to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of M genitalium. After optimisation of the reaction conditions, the PCR was tested against nine M genitalium strains, a dilution series of M genitalium DNA, and a panel of common microorganisms. The PCR was also challenged in parallel with a published assay against 54 urine specimens from men with urethritis. RESULTS The expected 341 bp product was produced on amplification of material from all M genitalium strains and from none of the other microorganisms tested. The lower limit of detection was 50 genome copies. The new assay detected M genitalium DNA in nine of 54 men with urethritis, in comparison with eight positive specimens detected with the alternative PCR. CONCLUSIONS This novel PCR targeting the M genitalium 16S rRNA gene has been optimised and now provides a sensitive and specific alternative or addition to the available MgPa gene targeting assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Eastick
- Public Health Laboratory, Level 8, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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Winter AJ, Gilleran G, Eastick K, Ross JD. Comparison of a ligase chain reaction-based assay and cell culture for detection of pharyngeal carriage of Chlamydia trachomatis. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:3502-4. [PMID: 10970416 PMCID: PMC87419 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.9.3502-3504.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2000] [Accepted: 06/23/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In 264 genitourinary medicine clinic attenders reporting recent fellatio, the prevalence of pharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis determined by an expanded standard including cell culture and two in-house PCR tests was 1.5% in 194 women and zero in 70 men. The ligase chain reaction (Abbott LCx) had a specificity of 99.2% and a positive predictive value of 60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Winter
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Whittall St. Clinic, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
This investigation was undertaken to determine the magnitude of, and interrelations between, reservoirs of coagulase negative staphylococci on infants' skin at various sites (including sites used for insertion of intravascular catheters) and in faeces during the first six months of life. Sites with large numbers of coagulase negative staphylococci were identified by sampling 16 skin sites and stools from 20 preterm neonates at 8-30 days of life. A more detailed survey of numbers and types of coagulase negative staphylococci in stool and at six skin sites of 10 preterm infants was then performed over the first six months of life. Isolates of coagulase negative staphylococci were collected and characterised by speciation, antibiotic susceptibility profiling, and plasmid restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Large, relatively stable reservoirs were identified in the faeces, around the ear, and in the axilla and nares. Skin on the forearm and leg, sites at which peripheral catheters are frequently sited, carried small unstable numbers of coagulase negative staphylococci, which were usually indistinguishable from coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from other body sites on the same baby. Contamination of catheter insertion sites with coagulase negative staphylococci from reservoir sites on the same baby could explain these observations. These data suggest that interventions reducing cross-contamination between sites on the same baby might be as important in preventing coagulase negative staphylococcal bacteraemias as measures taken to prevent cross infection between babies. Procedures which are likely to result in heavy coagulase negative staphylococcal contamination of the hands of healthcare staff, such as changing soiled nappies, should receive particular attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Eastick
- Bristol Public Health Laboratory, Bristol Royal Infirmary
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