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Aharonian F, Benkhali FA, Aschersleben J, Ashkar H, Backes M, Martins VB, Batzofin R, Becherini Y, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Bi B, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, de Lavergne MDB, Borowska J, Bouyahiaoui M, Breuhaus M, Brose R, Brown AM, Brun F, Bruno B, Bulik T, Burger-Scheidlin C, Caroff S, Casanova S, Cecil R, Celic J, Cerruti M, Chand T, Chandra S, Chen A, Chibueze J, Chibueze O, Cotter G, Dai S, Mbarubucyeye JD, Djannati-Ataï A, Dmytriiev A, Doroshenko V, Egberts K, Einecke S, Ernenwein JP, Filipovic M, Fontaine G, Füßling M, Funk S, Gabici S, Ghafourizadeh S, Giavitto G, Glawion D, Glicenstein JF, Grolleron G, Haerer L, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Holch TL, Holler M, Horns D, Jamrozy M, Jankowsky F, Jardin-Blicq A, Joshi V, Jung-Richardt I, Kasai E, Katarzyński K, Khatoon R, Khélifi B, Klepser S, Kluźniak W, Komin N, Kosack K, Kostunin D, Kundu A, Lang RG, Le Stum S, Leitl F, Lemière A, Lenain JP, Leuschner F, Lohse T, Luashvili A, Lypova I, Mackey J, Malyshev D, Malyshev D, Marandon V, Marchegiani P, Marcowith A, Martí-Devesa G, Marx R, Mehta A, Mitchell A, Moderski R, Mohrmann L, Montanari A, Moulin E, Murach T, Nakashima K, de Naurois M, Niemiec J, Noel AP, Ohm S, Olivera-Nieto L, de Ona Wilhelmi E, Ostrowski M, Panny S, Panter M, Parsons RD, Peron G, Prokhorov DA, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Reichherzer P, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ren H, Renaud M, Reville B, Rieger F, Rowell G, Rudak B, Ricarte HR, Ruiz-Velasco E, Sahakian V, Salzmann H, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schäfer J, Schüssler F, Schwanke U, Shapopi JNS, Sol H, Specovius A, Spencer S, Stawarz L, Steenkamp R, Steinmassl S, Steppa C, Streil K, Sushch I, Suzuki H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Tsirou M, Tsuji N, Unbehaun T, van Eldik C, Vecchi M, Veh J, Venter C, Vink J, Wach T, Wagner SJ, Werner F, White R, Wierzcholska A, Wong YW, Zacharias M, Zargaryan D, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zouari S, Żywucka N. Acceleration and transport of relativistic electrons in the jets of the microquasar SS 433. Science 2024; 383:402-406. [PMID: 38271522 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
SS 433 is a microquasar, a stellar binary system that launches collimated relativistic jets. We observed SS 433 in gamma rays using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) and found an energy-dependent shift in the apparent position of the gamma-ray emission from the parsec-scale jets. These observations trace the energetic electron population and indicate that inverse Compton scattering is the emission mechanism of the gamma rays. Our modeling of the energy-dependent gamma-ray morphology constrains the location of particle acceleration and requires an abrupt deceleration of the jet flow. We infer the presence of shocks on either side of the binary system, at distances of 25 to 30 parsecs, and that self-collimation of the precessing jets forms the shocks, which then efficiently accelerate electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin D02 XF86, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - J Aschersleben
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AD, Netherlands
| | - H Ashkar
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau F-91128, France
| | - M Backes
- Department of Physics, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | | | - R Batzofin
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Y Becherini
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, Växjö 351 95, Sweden
| | - D Berge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - B Bi
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Boisson
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Université de Paris, Meudon 92190, France
| | - J Bolmont
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris Cité, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75252, France
| | - M de Bony de Lavergne
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy 74000, France
| | - J Borowska
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - M Bouyahiaoui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - M Breuhaus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - R Brose
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin D02 XF86, Ireland
| | - A M Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - F Brun
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - B Bruno
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Warsaw 00-478, Poland
| | | | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy 74000, France
| | - S Casanova
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej, Polska Akademia Nauk, Kraków 31-342, Poland
| | - R Cecil
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg D-22761, Germany
| | - J Celic
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - M Cerruti
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - T Chand
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - S Chandra
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - J Chibueze
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - O Chibueze
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Cotter
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - S Dai
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | | | - A Djannati-Ataï
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - A Dmytriiev
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - V Doroshenko
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - S Einecke
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - J-P Ernenwein
- Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Marseille 13288, France
| | - M Filipovic
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau F-91128, France
| | - M Füßling
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - S Funk
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - S Gabici
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - S Ghafourizadeh
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - G Giavitto
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - D Glawion
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - J-F Glicenstein
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - G Grolleron
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris Cité, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75252, France
| | - L Haerer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - T L Holch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - M Holler
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - D Horns
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków 30-244, Poland
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - A Jardin-Blicq
- Laboratoir de de Physique des deux Infinis, Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Gradignan F-33170, France
| | - V Joshi
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - I Jung-Richardt
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - E Kasai
- Department of Physics, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - K Katarzyński
- Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun 87-100, Poland
| | - R Khatoon
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - B Khélifi
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - S Klepser
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-716, Poland
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - K Kosack
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - D Kostunin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - A Kundu
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - R G Lang
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - S Le Stum
- Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Marseille 13288, France
| | - F Leitl
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - A Lemière
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris Cité, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75252, France
| | - F Leuschner
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - A Luashvili
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Université de Paris, Meudon 92190, France
| | - I Lypova
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - J Mackey
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin D02 XF86, Ireland
| | - D Malyshev
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - D Malyshev
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - V Marandon
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - P Marchegiani
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - G Martí-Devesa
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - R Marx
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - A Mehta
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - A Mitchell
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-716, Poland
| | - L Mohrmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - A Montanari
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - E Moulin
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - T Murach
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - K Nakashima
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau F-91128, France
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej, Polska Akademia Nauk, Kraków 31-342, Poland
| | - A Priyana Noel
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków 30-244, Poland
| | - S Ohm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - L Olivera-Nieto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | | | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków 30-244, Poland
| | - S Panny
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - G Peron
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - D A Prokhorov
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - M Punch
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - P Reichherzer
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - H Ren
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - B Reville
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - G Rowell
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-716, Poland
| | - H Rueda Ricarte
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - V Sahakian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 375036, Armenia
| | - H Salzmann
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - J Schäfer
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - J N S Shapopi
- Department of Physics, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - H Sol
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Université de Paris, Meudon 92190, France
| | - A Specovius
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - S Spencer
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - L Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków 30-244, Poland
| | - R Steenkamp
- Department of Physics, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - S Steinmassl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - C Steppa
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - K Streil
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - I Sushch
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Konan University, Higashinada-ku Kobe 658-8501, Japan, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Konan University, Higashinada-ku Kobe 658-8501, Japan, Japan
| | - A M Taylor
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - R Terrier
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - M Tsirou
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - N Tsuji
- The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Unbehaun
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - C van Eldik
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - M Vecchi
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AD, Netherlands
| | - J Veh
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - C Venter
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - J Vink
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - T Wach
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - F Werner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - R White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej, Polska Akademia Nauk, Kraków 31-342, Poland
| | - Yu Wun Wong
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - M Zacharias
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - D Zargaryan
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin D02 XF86, Ireland
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-716, Poland
| | - A Zech
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin D02 XF86, Ireland
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AD, Netherlands
| | - S Zouari
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - N Żywucka
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Abdalla H, Aharonian F, Benkhali FA, Angüner EO, Armand C, Ashkar H, Backes M, Baghmanyan V, Martins VB, Batzofin R, Becherini Y, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Bi B, Böttcher M, Bolmont J, de Lavergne MDB, Brose R, Brun F, Cangemi F, Caroff S, Cerruti M, Chand T, Chen A, Cotter G, Mbarubucyeye JD, Devin J, Djannati-Ataï A, Dmytriiev A, Doroshenko V, Egberts K, Fiasson A, de Clairfontaine GF, Fontaine G, Funk S, Gabici S, Giavitto G, Glawion D, Glicenstein JF, Grondin MH, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Holch TL, Holler M, Horns D, Huang Z, Jamrozy M, Jankowsky F, Kasai E, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Khélifi B, Kluźniak W, Komin N, Kosack K, Kostunin D, Lamanna G, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leuschner F, Lohse T, Luashvili A, Lypova I, Mackey J, Malyshev D, Malyshev D, Marandon V, Marchegiani P, Martí-Devesa G, Marx R, Maurin G, Meyer M, Mitchell A, Moderski R, Montanari A, Moulin E, Muller J, de Naurois M, Niemiec J, Noel AP, Ohm S, Olivera-Nieto L, Wilhelmi EDO, Ostrowski M, Panny S, Panter M, Parsons RD, Peron G, Poireau V, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Reichherzer P, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, Rieger F, Rowell G, Rudak B, Ricarte HR, Ruiz-Velasco E, Sahakian V, Salzmann H, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schüssler F, Schutte HM, Schwanke U, Senniappan M, Shapopi JNS, Sol H, Specovius A, Spencer S, Stawarz Ł, Stegmann C, Steinmassl S, Steppa C, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Terrier R, Thorpe-Morgan C, Tluczykont M, Tsirou M, Tsuji N, Uchiyama Y, van Eldik C, Veh J, Vink J, Wagner SJ, White R, Wierzcholska A, Wong YW, Zacharias M, Zargaryan D, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zhu SJ, Zouari S, Żywucka N. Search for Dark Matter Annihilation Signals in the H.E.S.S. Inner Galaxy Survey. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:111101. [PMID: 36154418 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.111101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The central region of the Milky Way is one of the foremost locations to look for dark matter (DM) signatures. We report the first results on a search for DM particle annihilation signals using new observations from an unprecedented γ-ray survey of the Galactic Center (GC) region, i.e., the Inner Galaxy Survey, at very high energies (≳100 GeV) performed with the H.E.S.S. array of five ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. No significant γ-ray excess is found in the search region of the 2014-2020 dataset and a profile likelihood ratio analysis is carried out to set exclusion limits on the annihilation cross section ⟨σv⟩. Assuming Einasto and Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) DM density profiles at the GC, these constraints are the strongest obtained so far in the TeV DM mass range. For the Einasto profile, the constraints reach ⟨σv⟩ values of 3.7×10^{-26} cm^{3} s^{-1} for 1.5 TeV DM mass in the W^{+}W^{-} annihilation channel, and 1.2×10^{-26} cm^{3} s^{-1} for 0.7 TeV DM mass in the τ^{+}τ^{-} annihilation channel. With the H.E.S.S. Inner Galaxy Survey, ground-based γ-ray observations thus probe ⟨σv⟩ values expected from thermal-relic annihilating TeV DM particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abdalla
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02 XF86 Dublin 2, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, RAU, 123 Hovsep Emin St Yerevan 0051, Armenia
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E O Angüner
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - C Armand
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - H Ashkar
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Backes
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - V Baghmanyan
- Instytut Fizyki Jádrowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - R Batzofin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - Y Becherini
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - D Berge
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Bi
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - J Bolmont
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M de Bony de Lavergne
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - R Brose
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02 XF86 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - F Brun
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F Cangemi
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - S Caroff
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Cerruti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - T Chand
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - G Cotter
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | | | - J Devin
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - A Djannati-Ataï
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - A Dmytriiev
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - V Doroshenko
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Fiasson
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - G Fichet de Clairfontaine
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Funk
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Gabici
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - D Glawion
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J F Glicenstein
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M-H Grondin
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M Holler
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zhiqiu Huang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Kasai
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - K Katarzyński
- Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - U Katz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Khélifi
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - K Kosack
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - G Lamanna
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - F Leuschner
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Luashvili
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - I Lypova
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Mackey
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02 XF86 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - D Malyshev
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - D Malyshev
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Marchegiani
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - G Martí-Devesa
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Marx
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Maurin
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M Meyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Mitchell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Montanari
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Moulin
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Muller
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Jádrowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - A Priyana Noel
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - S Ohm
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - L Olivera-Nieto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - S Panny
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G Peron
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Poireau
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | | | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Punch
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Reichherzer
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Rowell
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Rueda Ricarte
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Sahakian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - H Salzmann
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H M Schutte
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Senniappan
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - J N S Shapopi
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - H Sol
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Specovius
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Spencer
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ł Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - C Stegmann
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - S Steinmassl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Steppa
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T Takahashi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8583, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan
| | - R Terrier
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - C Thorpe-Morgan
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Tsirou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Tsuji
- RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Uchiyama
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - C van Eldik
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Veh
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Vink
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Instytut Fizyki Jádrowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Yu Wun Wong
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Zacharias
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - D Zargaryan
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02 XF86 Dublin 2, Ireland
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, RAU, 123 Hovsep Emin St Yerevan 0051, Armenia
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - S J Zhu
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - S Zouari
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - N Żywucka
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Fekete S, Güntzel T, Egberts K, Geissler J, Neubert A, Gerlach M, Romanos M, Taurines R. Serious adverse drug reactions to antipsychotics in children and
adolescents with multiple disabilities: Avoidability and potential cost savings
by Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1747649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Fekete
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Center of Mental Health, Department
of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Wuerzburg,
Germany
- AGNP-Work group ‘Child and Adolescent
Psychopharmacology’
| | - T. Güntzel
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Center of Mental Health, Department
of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Wuerzburg,
Germany
| | - K. Egberts
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Center of Mental Health, Department
of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Wuerzburg,
Germany
- AGNP-Work group ‘Child and Adolescent
Psychopharmacology’
- AGNP-Work group «Therapeutic Drug
Monitoring»
- Competence network for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in child and
adolescent psychiatry
| | - J. Geissler
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Center of Mental Health, Department
of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Wuerzburg,
Germany
| | - A. Neubert
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen,
Germany
| | - M. Gerlach
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Center of Mental Health, Department
of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Wuerzburg,
Germany
- AGNP-Work group ‘Child and Adolescent
Psychopharmacology’
- AGNP-Work group «Therapeutic Drug
Monitoring»
- Competence network for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in child and
adolescent psychiatry
| | - M. Romanos
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Center of Mental Health, Department
of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Wuerzburg,
Germany
- AGNP-Work group ‘Child and Adolescent
Psychopharmacology’
- AGNP-Work group «Therapeutic Drug
Monitoring»
| | - R. Taurines
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Center of Mental Health, Department
of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Wuerzburg,
Germany
- AGNP-Work group «Therapeutic Drug
Monitoring»
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Aharonian F, Ait Benkhali F, Angüner EO, Ashkar H, Backes M, Baghmanyan V, Barbosa Martins V, Batzofin R, Becherini Y, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Bi B, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, de Bony de Lavergne M, Breuhaus M, Brose R, Brun F, Caroff S, Casanova S, Cerruti M, Chand T, Chen A, Cotter G, Damascene Mbarubucyeye J, Djannati-Ataï A, Dmytriiev A, Doroshenko V, Duffy C, Egberts K, Ernenwein JP, Fegan S, Feijen K, Fiasson A, Fichet de Clairfontaine G, Fontaine G, Füßling M, Funk S, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Ghafourizadeh S, Giavitto G, Giunti L, Glawion D, Glicenstein JF, Grondin MH, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hörbe M, Hofmann W, Hoischen C, Holch TL, Holler M, Horns D, Huang Z, Jamrozy M, Jankowsky F, Jung-Richardt I, Kasai E, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Klepser S, Kluźniak W, Komin N, Konno R, Kosack K, Kostunin D, Le Stum S, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leuschner F, Lohse T, Luashvili A, Lypova I, Mackey J, Malyshev D, Malyshev D, Marandon V, Marchegiani P, Marcowith A, Martí-Devesa G, Marx R, Maurin G, Meyer M, Mitchell A, Moderski R, Mohrmann L, Montanari A, Moulin E, Muller J, Murach T, Nakashima K, de Naurois M, Nayerhoda A, Niemiec J, Priyana Noel A, O'Brien P, Ohm S, Olivera-Nieto L, de Ona Wilhelmi E, Ostrowski M, Panny S, Panter M, Parsons RD, Peron G, Pita S, Poireau V, Prokhorov DA, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Reichherzer P, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, Reville B, Rieger F, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rueda Ricarte H, Ruiz-Velasco E, Sahakian V, Sailer S, Salzmann H, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schäfer J, Schüssler F, Schutte HM, Schwanke U, Senniappan M, Shapopi JNS, Simoni R, Sinha A, Sol H, Specovius A, Spencer S, Stawarz Ł, Steinmassl S, Steppa C, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Thorpe-Morgan C, Tsirou M, Tsuji N, Tuffs R, Uchiyama Y, Unbehaun T, van Eldik C, van Soelen B, Veh J, Venter C, Vink J, Wagner SJ, Werner F, White R, Wierzcholska A, Wong YW, Yusafzai A, Zacharias M, Zargaryan D, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zhu SJ, Zouari S, Żywucka N. Time-resolved hadronic particle acceleration in the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi. Science 2022; 376:77-80. [PMID: 35271303 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent novae are repeating thermonuclear explosions in the outer layers of white dwarfs, due to the accretion of fresh material from a binary companion. The shock generated when ejected material slams into the companion star's wind can accelerate particles. We report very-high-energy (VHE, [Formula: see text]) gamma rays from the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi, up to a month after its 2021 outburst, observed using the High Energy Stereoscopic System. The VHE emission has a similar temporal profile to lower-energy GeV emission, indicating a common origin, with a two-day delay in peak flux. These observations constrain models of time-dependent particle energization, favoring a hadronic emission scenario over the leptonic alternative. Shocks in dense winds provide favorable environments for efficient acceleration of cosmic-rays to very high energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, Russian-Armenian University (RAU), 123 Hovsep Emin St Yerevan 0051, Armenia
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E O Angüner
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Marseille, France
| | - H Ashkar
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Backes
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - V Baghmanyan
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - V Barbosa Martins
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - R Batzofin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - Y Becherini
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - D Berge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Bi
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Boisson
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J Bolmont
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M de Bony de Lavergne
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M Breuhaus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Brose
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - F Brun
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Caroff
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - S Casanova
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Cerruti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - T Chand
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - G Cotter
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | | | - A Djannati-Ataï
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - A Dmytriiev
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - V Doroshenko
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Duffy
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J-P Ernenwein
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Marseille, France
| | - S Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - K Feijen
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - A Fiasson
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - G Fichet de Clairfontaine
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Füßling
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - S Funk
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Gabici
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Y A Gallant
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - S Ghafourizadeh
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Giavitto
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - L Giunti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Glawion
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J F Glicenstein
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M-H Grondin
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Deux Infinis (LP2i), Bordeaux, Joint Research Unit (UMR 5797), F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - G Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Hörbe
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Hoischen
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T L Holch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - M Holler
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zhiqiu Huang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Jung-Richardt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - E Kasai
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - K Katarzyński
- Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - U Katz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Khangulyan
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - B Khélifi
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - S Klepser
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - R Konno
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - K Kosack
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Kostunin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - S Le Stum
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Marseille, France
| | - A Lemière
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Deux Infinis (LP2i), Bordeaux, Joint Research Unit (UMR 5797), F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - F Leuschner
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Luashvili
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - I Lypova
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Mackey
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - D Malyshev
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - D Malyshev
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Marchegiani
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - G Martí-Devesa
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Marx
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Maurin
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M Meyer
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Mitchell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Mohrmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Montanari
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Moulin
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Muller
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - T Murach
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - K Nakashima
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Nayerhoda
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - A Priyana Noel
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - P O'Brien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - S Ohm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - L Olivera-Nieto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E de Ona Wilhelmi
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - S Panny
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G Peron
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Pita
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - V Poireau
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - D A Prokhorov
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics at the University of Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Prokoph
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Punch
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Reichherzer
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - B Reville
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Rowell
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Rueda Ricarte
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Sahakian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers St., 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S Sailer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Salzmann
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - D A Sanchez
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Schäfer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H M Schutte
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Senniappan
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - J N S Shapopi
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - R Simoni
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics at the University of Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Sinha
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - H Sol
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Specovius
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Spencer
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - Ł Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - S Steinmassl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Steppa
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T Takahashi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI)), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8583, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan
| | - A M Taylor
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - R Terrier
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - C Thorpe-Morgan
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Tsirou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Tsuji
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - R Tuffs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Uchiyama
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - T Unbehaun
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C van Eldik
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - B van Soelen
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - J Veh
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Venter
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - J Vink
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics at the University of Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Werner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Yu Wun Wong
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Yusafzai
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Zacharias
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - D Zargaryan
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, Russian-Armenian University (RAU), 123 Hovsep Emin St Yerevan 0051, Armenia
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - S J Zhu
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - S Zouari
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - N Żywucka
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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5
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Abdalla H, Aharonian F, Ait Benkhali F, Angüner EO, Arcaro C, Armand C, Armstrong T, Ashkar H, Backes M, Baghmanyan V, Barbosa Martins V, Barnacka A, Barnard M, Becherini Y, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Bi B, Bissaldi E, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, de Bony de Lavergne M, Breuhaus M, Brun F, Brun P, Bryan M, Büchele M, Bulik T, Bylund T, Caroff S, Carosi A, Casanova S, Chand T, Chandra S, Chen A, Cotter G, Curyło M, Damascene Mbarubucyeye J, Davids ID, Davies J, Deil C, Devin J, Dirson L, Djannati-Ataï A, Dmytriiev A, Donath A, Doroshenko V, Dreyer L, Duffy C, Dyks J, Egberts K, Eichhorn F, Einecke S, Emery G, Ernenwein JP, Feijen K, Fegan S, Fiasson A, Fichet de Clairfontaine G, Fontaine G, Funk S, Füßling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Giavitto G, Giunti L, Glawion D, Glicenstein JF, Grondin MH, Hahn J, Haupt M, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Hoischen C, Holch TL, Holler M, Hörbe M, Horns D, Huber D, Jamrozy M, Jankowsky D, Jankowsky F, Jardin-Blicq A, Joshi V, Jung-Richardt I, Kasai E, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Klepser S, Kluźniak W, Komin N, Konno R, Kosack K, Kostunin D, Kreter M, Lamanna G, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leuschner F, Levy C, Lohse T, Lypova I, Mackey J, Majumdar J, Malyshev D, Malyshev D, Marandon V, Marchegiani P, Marcowith A, Mares A, Martí-Devesa G, Marx R, Maurin G, Meintjes PJ, Meyer M, Mitchell A, Moderski R, Mohrmann L, Montanari A, Moore C, Morris P, Moulin E, Muller J, Murach T, Nakashima K, Nayerhoda A, de Naurois M, Ndiyavala H, Niemiec J, Oakes L, O'Brien P, Odaka H, Ohm S, Olivera-Nieto L, de Ona Wilhelmi E, Ostrowski M, Panny S, Panter M, Parsons RD, Peron G, Peyaud B, Piel Q, Pita S, Poireau V, Priyana Noel A, Prokhorov DA, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raab S, Rauth R, Reichherzer P, Reimer A, Reimer O, Remy Q, Renaud M, Rieger F, Rinchiuso L, Romoli C, Rowell G, Rudak B, Ruiz-Velasco E, Sahakian V, Sailer S, Salzmann H, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Scalici M, Schäfer J, Schüssler F, Schutte HM, Schwanke U, Seglar-Arroyo M, Senniappan M, Seyffert AS, Shafi N, Shapopi JNS, Shiningayamwe K, Simoni R, Sinha A, Sol H, Specovius A, Spencer S, Spir-Jacob M, Stawarz Ł, Sun L, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Steinmassl S, Steppa C, Takahashi T, Tam T, Tavernier T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Thiersen JHE, Tiziani D, Tluczykont M, Tomankova L, Tsirou M, Tuffs R, Uchiyama Y, van der Walt DJ, van Eldik C, van Rensburg C, van Soelen B, Vasileiadis G, Veh J, Venter C, Vincent P, Vink J, Völk HJ, Wadiasingh Z, Wagner SJ, Watson J, Werner F, White R, Wierzcholska A, Wong YW, Yusafzai A, Zacharias M, Zanin R, Zargaryan D, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zhu SJ, Zorn J, Zouari S, Żywucka N, Evans P, Page K. Revealing x-ray and gamma ray temporal and spectral similarities in the GRB 190829A afterglow. Science 2021; 372:1081-1085. [PMID: 34083487 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe8560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which are bright flashes of gamma rays from extragalactic sources followed by fading afterglow emission, are associated with stellar core collapse events. We report the detection of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays from the afterglow of GRB 190829A, between 4 and 56 hours after the trigger, using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.). The low luminosity and redshift of GRB 190829A reduce both internal and external absorption, allowing determination of its intrinsic energy spectrum. Between energies of 0.18 and 3.3 tera-electron volts, this spectrum is described by a power law with photon index of 2.07 ± 0.09, similar to the x-ray spectrum. The x-ray and VHE gamma-ray light curves also show similar decay profiles. These similar characteristics in the x-ray and gamma-ray bands challenge GRB afterglow emission scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Abdalla
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany.,High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, Russian-Armenian University (RAU), Yerevan 0051, Armenia
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E O Angüner
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Marseille, France
| | - C Arcaro
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Armand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - T Armstrong
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - H Ashkar
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Backes
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Windhoek 10005, Namibia.,Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - V Baghmanyan
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - A Barnacka
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Barnard
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Y Becherini
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - D Berge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Bi
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - E Bissaldi
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Boisson
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J Bolmont
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M de Bony de Lavergne
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M Breuhaus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Brun
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Brun
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Bryan
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics at the University of Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Büchele
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Bylund
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Carosi
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - S Casanova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany.,Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - T Chand
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - S Chandra
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - G Cotter
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - M Curyło
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - I D Davids
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - J Davies
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - C Deil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Devin
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - L Dirson
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Djannati-Ataï
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - A Dmytriiev
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Donath
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Doroshenko
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - L Dreyer
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Duffy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - J Dyks
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - F Eichhorn
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Einecke
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - G Emery
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J-P Ernenwein
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Marseille, France
| | - K Feijen
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - S Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Fiasson
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - G Fichet de Clairfontaine
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Funk
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Füßling
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - S Gabici
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Y A Gallant
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - G Giavitto
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - L Giunti
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - D Glawion
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J F Glicenstein
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M-H Grondin
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J Hahn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Haupt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - G Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Hoischen
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T L Holch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Holler
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Hörbe
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Huber
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - D Jankowsky
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Jardin-Blicq
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Joshi
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - I Jung-Richardt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - E Kasai
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - M A Kastendieck
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Katarzyński
- Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - U Katz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Khangulyan
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
| | - B Khélifi
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - S Klepser
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - R Konno
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Kosack
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Kostunin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Kreter
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Lamanna
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Lemière
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), F-75252 Paris, France
| | - F Leuschner
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Levy
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), F-75252 Paris, France
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - I Lypova
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Mackey
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J Majumdar
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - D Malyshev
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - D Malyshev
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Marchegiani
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A Mares
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - G Martí-Devesa
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Marx
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Maurin
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - P J Meintjes
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - M Meyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Mitchell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Mohrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Montanari
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Moore
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - P Morris
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - E Moulin
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Muller
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - T Murach
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Nakashima
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Nayerhoda
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - H Ndiyavala
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - L Oakes
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P O'Brien
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - H Odaka
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Ohm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - L Olivera-Nieto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - S Panny
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G Peron
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Peyaud
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Q Piel
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - S Pita
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Priyana Noel
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - D A Prokhorov
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics at the University of Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Prokoph
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Punch
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden.,Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Raab
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Rauth
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Reichherzer
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Q Remy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Rinchiuso
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Romoli
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - G Rowell
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - V Sahakian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S Sailer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Salzmann
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - D A Sanchez
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Scalici
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Schäfer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - H M Schutte
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Seglar-Arroyo
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Senniappan
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - A S Seyffert
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - N Shafi
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - J N S Shapopi
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - K Shiningayamwe
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - R Simoni
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics at the University of Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Sinha
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - H Sol
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Specovius
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Spencer
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - M Spir-Jacob
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Ł Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - L Sun
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics at the University of Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Steenkamp
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - C Stegmann
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - S Steinmassl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Steppa
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T Takahashi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI)), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8583, Japan
| | - T Tam
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - T Tavernier
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A M Taylor
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.
| | - R Terrier
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - J H E Thiersen
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - D Tiziani
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Tomankova
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Tsirou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Tuffs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Uchiyama
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - D J van der Walt
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C van Eldik
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C van Rensburg
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - B van Soelen
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - G Vasileiadis
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - J Veh
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Venter
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - P Vincent
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Vink
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics at the University of Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H J Völk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Z Wadiasingh
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Watson
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - F Werner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), 31-342 Kraków, Poland.,Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yu Wun Wong
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Yusafzai
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Zacharias
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.,Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - R Zanin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Zargaryan
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland.,High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, Russian-Armenian University (RAU), Yerevan 0051, Armenia
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - S J Zhu
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.
| | - J Zorn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Zouari
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - N Żywucka
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - P Evans
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - K Page
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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Fekete S, Egberts K, Preissler T, Wewetzer C, Mehler-Wex C, Romanos M, Gerlach M. Correction to: Estimation of a preliminary therapeutic reference range for children and adolescents with tic disorders treated with tiapride. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 77:1257. [PMID: 34047799 PMCID: PMC8496611 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-021-03159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Fekete
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Für Neuropsychopharmakologie Und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP)-Work Group "Kinder- Und Jugendpsychiatrische Pharmakologie", Psychotherapie Und Psychosomatik, Kliniken Für Kinder- Und Jugendpsychiatrie, Vivantes Klinikum Im Friedrichshain, 1. Vorsitzender Prof. Dr. med. M. KölchVivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Landsberger Allee 49, 10249, Berlin, Germany.
| | - K Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Für Neuropsychopharmakologie Und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP)-Work Group "Kinder- Und Jugendpsychiatrische Pharmakologie", Psychotherapie Und Psychosomatik, Kliniken Für Kinder- Und Jugendpsychiatrie, Vivantes Klinikum Im Friedrichshain, 1. Vorsitzender Prof. Dr. med. M. KölchVivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Landsberger Allee 49, 10249, Berlin, Germany
- Competence Network Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM-KJP E.V.), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre forMental Health, University Hospital ofWürzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - T Preissler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Kepler University Clinics GmbH, Linz, Austria
| | - C Wewetzer
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinics of the City Cologne GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Mehler-Wex
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Für Neuropsychopharmakologie Und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP)-Work Group "Kinder- Und Jugendpsychiatrische Pharmakologie", Psychotherapie Und Psychosomatik, Kliniken Für Kinder- Und Jugendpsychiatrie, Vivantes Klinikum Im Friedrichshain, 1. Vorsitzender Prof. Dr. med. M. KölchVivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Landsberger Allee 49, 10249, Berlin, Germany
- Competence Network Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM-KJP E.V.), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre forMental Health, University Hospital ofWürzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- HEMERA Private Hospital for Mental Health, Adolescents and Young Adults, Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - M Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Für Neuropsychopharmakologie Und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP)-Work Group "Kinder- Und Jugendpsychiatrische Pharmakologie", Psychotherapie Und Psychosomatik, Kliniken Für Kinder- Und Jugendpsychiatrie, Vivantes Klinikum Im Friedrichshain, 1. Vorsitzender Prof. Dr. med. M. KölchVivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Landsberger Allee 49, 10249, Berlin, Germany
- Competence Network Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM-KJP E.V.), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre forMental Health, University Hospital ofWürzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Gerlach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Für Neuropsychopharmakologie Und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP)-Work Group "Kinder- Und Jugendpsychiatrische Pharmakologie", Psychotherapie Und Psychosomatik, Kliniken Für Kinder- Und Jugendpsychiatrie, Vivantes Klinikum Im Friedrichshain, 1. Vorsitzender Prof. Dr. med. M. KölchVivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Landsberger Allee 49, 10249, Berlin, Germany
- Competence Network Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM-KJP E.V.), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre forMental Health, University Hospital ofWürzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
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Egberts K, Plener P, Fekete S, Taurines R, Gerlach M, Romanos M. 6 A multicenter pharmacovigilance study on antidepressant and antipsychotic use in children and adolescents in daily clinical practice. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Egberts
- Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, University Hospital Wuerzburg
| | - P Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna
| | - S Fekete
- Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, University Hospital Wuerzburg
| | - R Taurines
- Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, University Hospital Wuerzburg
| | - M Gerlach
- Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, University Hospital Wuerzburg
| | - M Romanos
- Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, University Hospital Wuerzburg
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8
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Fekete S, Scherf-Clavel M, Gerlach M, Romanos M, Kittel-Schneider S, Unterecker S, Egberts K. 8 Serum concentrations of venlafaxine and risperidone and their metabolites from childhood to old age. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Fekete
- Department Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Wuerzburg
| | - M Scherf-Clavel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg
| | - M Gerlach
- Department Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Wuerzburg
| | - M Romanos
- Department Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Wuerzburg
| | - S Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg
| | - S Unterecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg
| | - K Egberts
- Department Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Wuerzburg
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9
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Fekete S, Scherf-Clavel M, Gerlach M, Romanos M, Deckert J, Menke A, Egberts K, Unterecker S. Investigation of metabolite to parent compound ratios of venlafaxine and risperidone in minors. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3403046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Fekete
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Germany
| | - M Scherf-Clavel
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Germany
| | - M Gerlach
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Germany
| | - M Romanos
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Germany
| | - J Deckert
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Germany
| | - A Menke
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Germany
| | - S Unterecker
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Germany
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10
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Aartsen M, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Al Samarai I, Altmann D, Andeen K, Anderson T, Ansseau I, Anton G, Argüelles C, Auffenberg J, Axani S, Bagherpour H, Bai X, Barron J, Barwick S, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty J, Becker KH, Tjus J, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson D, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Bohm C, Boerner M, Bos F, Boeser S, Botner O, Bourbeau E, Bourbeau J, Bradascio F, Braun J, Brenzke M, Bretz HP, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Burgman A, Busse R, Carver T, Cheng E, Chirkin D, Christov A, Clark K, Classen L, Coenders S, Collin G, Conrad J, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen D, Cross R, Dave P, Day M, de Andre JPAM, De Clercq C, Delaunay J, Dembinski H, DeRidder S, Desiati P, de Vries K, DeWasseige G, DeWith M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, Di Lorenzo V, Dujmovic H, Dumm J, Dunkman M, Dvorak E, Eberhardt B, Ehrhardt T, Eichmann B, Eller P, Evenson P, Fahey S, Fazely A, Felde J, Filimonov K, Finley C, Flis S, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Gaisser T, 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Tyler J, Vassiliev V, Wakely S, Weinstein A, Wells R, Wilcox P, Wilhelm A, Williams D, Zitzer B, Tetarenko A, Kimball A, Miller-Jones J, Sivakoff G. Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A. Science 2018; 361:science.aat1378. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Previous detections of individual astrophysical sources of neutrinos are limited to the Sun and the supernova 1987A, whereas the origins of the diffuse flux of high-energy cosmic neutrinos remain unidentified. On 22 September 2017, we detected a high-energy neutrino, IceCube-170922A, with an energy of ~290 tera–electron volts. Its arrival direction was consistent with the location of a known γ-ray blazar, TXS 0506+056, observed to be in a flaring state. An extensive multiwavelength campaign followed, ranging from radio frequencies to γ-rays. These observations characterize the variability and energetics of the blazar and include the detection of TXS 0506+056 in very-high-energy γ-rays. This observation of a neutrino in spatial coincidence with a γ-ray–emitting blazar during an active phase suggests that blazars may be a source of high-energy neutrinos.
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Abdallah H, Abramowski A, Aharonian F, Ait Benkhali F, Angüner EO, Arakawa M, Arrieta M, Aubert P, Backes M, Balzer A, Barnard M, Becherini Y, Becker Tjus J, Berge D, Bernhard S, Bernlöhr K, Blackwell R, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bonnefoy S, Bordas P, Bregeon J, Brun F, Brun P, Bryan M, Büchele M, Bulik T, Capasso M, Caroff S, Carosi A, Carr J, Casanova S, Cerruti M, Chakraborty N, Chaves RCG, Chen A, Chevalier J, Colafrancesco S, Condon B, Conrad J, Davids ID, Decock J, Deil C, Devin J, deWilt P, Dirson L, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Donath A, Drury LO, Dutson K, Dyks J, Edwards T, Egberts K, Eger P, Emery G, Ernenwein JP, Eschbach S, Farnier C, Fegan S, Fernandes MV, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Funk S, Füßling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Garrigoux T, Gaté F, Giavitto G, Giebels B, Glawion D, Glicenstein JF, Gottschall D, Grondin MH, Hahn J, Haupt M, Hawkes J, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Hoischen C, Holch TL, Holler M, Horns D, Ivascenko A, Iwasaki H, Jacholkowska A, Jamrozy M, Janiak M, Jankowsky D, Jankowsky F, Jingo M, Jouvin L, Jung-Richardt I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katsuragawa M, Katz U, Kerszberg D, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, King J, Klepser S, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Komin N, Kosack K, Krakau S, Kraus M, Krüger PP, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lau J, Lees JP, Lefaucheur J, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leser E, Liu R, Lohse T, Lorentz M, López-Coto R, Lypova I, Malyshev D, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Mariaud C, Marx R, Maurin G, Maxted N, Mayer M, Meintjes PJ, Meyer M, Mitchell AMW, Moderski R, Mohamed M, Mohrmann L, Morå K, Moulin E, Murach T, Nakashima S, de Naurois M, Ndiyavala H, Niederwanger F, Niemiec J, Oakes L, O'Brien P, Odaka H, Ohm S, Ostrowski M, Oya I, Padovani M, Panter M, Parsons RD, Pekeur NW, Pelletier G, Perennes C, Petrucci PO, Peyaud B, Piel Q, Pita S, Poireau V, Poon H, Prokhorov D, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raab S, Rauth R, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de Los Reyes R, Rieger F, Rinchiuso L, Romoli C, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Sahakian V, Saito S, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schandri M, Schlickeiser R, Schüssler F, Schulz A, Schwanke U, Schwemmer S, Seglar-Arroyo M, Settimo M, Seyffert AS, Shafi N, Shilon I, Shiningayamwe K, Simoni R, Sol H, Spanier F, Spir-Jacob M, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Steppa C, Sushch I, Takahashi T, Tavernet JP, Tavernier T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Tibaldo L, Tiziani D, Tluczykont M, Trichard C, Tsirou M, Tsuji N, Tuffs R, Uchiyama Y, van der Walt J, van Eldik C, van Rensburg C, van Soelen B, Vasileiadis G, Veh J, Venter C, Viana A, Vincent P, Vink J, Voisin F, Völk HJ, Vuillaume T, Wadiasingh Z, Wagner SJ, Wagner P, Wagner RM, White R, Wierzcholska A, Willmann P, Wörnlein A, Wouters D, Yang R, Zaborov D, Zacharias M, Zanin R, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zefi F, Ziegler A, Zorn J, Żywucka N. Search for γ-Ray Line Signals from Dark Matter Annihilations in the Inner Galactic Halo from 10 Years of Observations with H.E.S.S. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:201101. [PMID: 29864326 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.201101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Spectral lines are among the most powerful signatures for dark matter (DM) annihilation searches in very-high-energy γ rays. The central region of the Milky Way halo is one of the most promising targets given its large amount of DM and proximity to Earth. We report on a search for a monoenergetic spectral line from self-annihilations of DM particles in the energy range from 300 GeV to 70 TeV using a two-dimensional maximum likelihood method taking advantage of both the spectral and spatial features of the signal versus background. The analysis makes use of Galactic center observations accumulated over ten years (2004-2014) with the H.E.S.S. array of ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. No significant γ-ray excess above the background is found. We derive upper limits on the annihilation cross section ⟨σv⟩ for monoenergetic DM lines at the level of 4×10^{-28} cm^{3} s^{-1} at 1 TeV, assuming an Einasto DM profile for the Milky Way halo. For a DM mass of 1 TeV, they improve over the previous ones by a factor of 6. The present constraints are the strongest obtained so far for DM particles in the mass range 300 GeV-70 TeV. Ground-based γ-ray observations have reached sufficient sensitivity to explore relevant velocity-averaged cross sections for DM annihilation into two γ-ray photons at the level expected from the thermal relic density for TeV DM particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abdallah
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Abramowski
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E O Angüner
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Arakawa
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - M Arrieta
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - P Aubert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M Backes
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - A Balzer
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Barnard
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Y Becherini
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D Berge
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Bernhard
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Blackwell
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Boisson
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J Bolmont
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | | | - P Bordas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Bregeon
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Brun
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - P Brun
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Bryan
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Büchele
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Capasso
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Carosi
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Carr
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Casanova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Cerruti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - N Chakraborty
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R C G Chaves
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - J Chevalier
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Colafrancesco
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - B Condon
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I D Davids
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - J Decock
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Deil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Devin
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - P deWilt
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - L Dirson
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Djannati-Ataï
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - W Domainko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Donath
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L O'C Drury
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - K Dutson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Dyks
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Edwards
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P Eger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Emery
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J-P Ernenwein
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Eschbach
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Farnier
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M V Fernandes
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Fiasson
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Förster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Funk
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - S Gabici
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Y A Gallant
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - T Garrigoux
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - F Gaté
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | - B Giebels
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Glawion
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J F Glicenstein
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Gottschall
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M-H Grondin
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J Hahn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Haupt
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Hawkes
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - G Heinzelmann
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Henri
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - G Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Hoischen
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T L Holch
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Holler
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Ivascenko
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Iwasaki
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - A Jacholkowska
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Janiak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Jankowsky
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Jingo
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - L Jouvin
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - I Jung-Richardt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M A Kastendieck
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Katarzyński
- Centre for Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - M Katsuragawa
- Japan Aeropspace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
| | - U Katz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Kerszberg
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - D Khangulyan
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - B Khélifi
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - J King
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - D Klochkov
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - K Kosack
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Krakau
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kraus
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P P Krüger
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Laffon
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - G Lamanna
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lau
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - J-P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lefaucheur
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Lemière
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - E Leser
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - R Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Lorentz
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R López-Coto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - D Malyshev
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - C Mariaud
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - R Marx
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Maurin
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - N Maxted
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Mayer
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P J Meintjes
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - M Meyer
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A M W Mitchell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Mohamed
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Mohrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Morå
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Moulin
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - S Nakashima
- Japan Aeropspace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - H Ndiyavala
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - F Niederwanger
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - L Oakes
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P O'Brien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - H Odaka
- Japan Aeropspace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
| | - S Ohm
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - I Oya
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Padovani
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N W Pekeur
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Pelletier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Perennes
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P-O Petrucci
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - B Peyaud
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Q Piel
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S Pita
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - H Poon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Prokhorov
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| | - H Prokoph
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| | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Punch
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Raab
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Rauth
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - R de Los Reyes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Rinchiuso
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Romoli
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Rowell
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C B Rulten
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - V Sahakian
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Armenia
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S Saito
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - D A Sanchez
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Schandri
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Schlickeiser
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schwemmer
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Seglar-Arroyo
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Settimo
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - A S Seyffert
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - N Shafi
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - I Shilon
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Shiningayamwe
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - R Simoni
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Sol
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - F Spanier
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - M Spir-Jacob
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Ł Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - R Steenkamp
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - C Stegmann
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - C Steppa
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - I Sushch
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - T Takahashi
- Japan Aeropspace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan
| | - J-P Tavernet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - T Tavernier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | | | - R Terrier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - L Tibaldo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Tiziani
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Trichard
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - M Tsirou
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - N Tsuji
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - R Tuffs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Uchiyama
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - J van der Walt
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C van Eldik
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C van Rensburg
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - B van Soelen
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - G Vasileiadis
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - J Veh
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Venter
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Viana
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Vincent
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J Vink
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F Voisin
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - H J Völk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Vuillaume
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - Z Wadiasingh
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Wagner
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R M Wagner
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - P Willmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Wörnlein
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Wouters
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R Yang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Zaborov
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Zacharias
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - R Zanin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - F Zefi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Ziegler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Zorn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Żywucka
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
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Egberts K, Dang SY, Plener P, Karwautz A, Taurines R, Romanos M, Gerlach M. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in children and adolescents – looking 10 years back and forward. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1649528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany
- Competence Network Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM-KJP) e.V
| | - SY Dang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - P Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Competence Network Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM-KJP) e.V
| | - A Karwautz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Competence Network Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM-KJP) e.V
| | - R Taurines
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany
- Competence Network Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM-KJP) e.V
| | - M Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany
- Competence Network Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM-KJP) e.V
| | - M Gerlach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany
- Competence Network Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM-KJP) e.V
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Hiemke C, Bergemann N, Clement HW, Conca A, Deckert J, Domschke K, Eckermann G, Egberts K, Gerlach M, Greiner C, Gründer G, Haen E, Havemann-Reinecke U, Hefner G, Helmer R, Janssen G, Jaquenoud E, Laux G, Messer T, Mössner R, Müller MJ, Paulzen M, Pfuhlmann B, Riederer P, Saria A, Schoppek B, Schoretsanitis G, Schwarz M, Gracia MS, Stegmann B, Steimer W, Stingl JC, Uhr M, Ulrich S, Unterecker S, Waschgler R, Zernig G, Zurek G, Baumann P. Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology: Update 2017. Pharmacopsychiatry 2018; 51:e1. [PMID: 29390205 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Hiemke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - N Bergemann
- Kitzberg Hospitals, Center for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - H W Clement
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Conca
- Servizio Psichiatrico del Comprensorio Sanitario di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - J Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - K Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - K Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Gerlach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Greiner
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - G Gründer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - E Haen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - U Havemann-Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - G Hefner
- Psychiatric Hospital, Vitos Klinik, Eichberg, Eltville, Germany
| | - R Helmer
- Center of Epilepsy, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - G Janssen
- Medical Laboratory Stein, Limbach Group, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - E Jaquenoud
- Psychiatric Hospital, Königsfelden, Brugg, Aargau, Switzerland
| | - G Laux
- Institute of Psychological Medicine, Haag in Oberbayern, Germany
| | - T Messer
- Danuviuskliniken, Psychiatric Hospital, Pfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - R Mössner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M J Müller
- Psychiatric Hospitals Oberberggruppe, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Paulzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - B Pfuhlmann
- Psychiatric Hospital Weisser Hirsch, Dresden, Germany
| | - P Riederer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Saria
- Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Schoppek
- kbo-Isar-Amper Klinikum München-Ost, Psychiatric Hospital, Munich-Haar, Germany
| | | | - M Schwarz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Silva Gracia
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - B Stegmann
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Steimer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J C Stingl
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - M Uhr
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - S Ulrich
- Aristo Pharma GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Unterecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - G Zernig
- Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Private Practice for Psychotherapy and Court-Certified Witness, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - G Zurek
- Medical Laboratory Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - P Baumann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Lausanne, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hiemke C, Bergemann N, Clement HW, Conca A, Deckert J, Domschke K, Eckermann G, Egberts K, Gerlach M, Greiner C, Gründer G, Haen E, Havemann-Reinecke U, Hefner G, Helmer R, Janssen G, Jaquenoud E, Laux G, Messer T, Mössner R, Müller MJ, Paulzen M, Pfuhlmann B, Riederer P, Saria A, Schoppek B, Schoretsanitis G, Schwarz M, Gracia MS, Stegmann B, Steimer W, Stingl JC, Uhr M, Ulrich S, Unterecker S, Waschgler R, Zernig G, Zurek G, Baumann P. Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology: Update 2017. Pharmacopsychiatry 2017; 51:9-62. [PMID: 28910830 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-116492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the quantification and interpretation of drug concentrations in blood to optimize pharmacotherapy. It considers the interindividual variability of pharmacokinetics and thus enables personalized pharmacotherapy. In psychiatry and neurology, patient populations that may particularly benefit from TDM are children and adolescents, pregnant women, elderly patients, individuals with intellectual disabilities, patients with substance abuse disorders, forensic psychiatric patients or patients with known or suspected pharmacokinetic abnormalities. Non-response at therapeutic doses, uncertain drug adherence, suboptimal tolerability, or pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions are typical indications for TDM. However, the potential benefits of TDM to optimize pharmacotherapy can only be obtained if the method is adequately integrated in the clinical treatment process. To supply treating physicians and laboratories with valid information on TDM, the TDM task force of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) issued their first guidelines for TDM in psychiatry in 2004. After an update in 2011, it was time for the next update. Following the new guidelines holds the potential to improve neuropsychopharmacotherapy, accelerate the recovery of many patients, and reduce health care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hiemke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - N Bergemann
- Kitzberg Hospitals, Center for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - H W Clement
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Conca
- Servizio Psichiatrico del Comprensorio Sanitario di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - J Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - K Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - K Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Gerlach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Greiner
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - G Gründer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - E Haen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - U Havemann-Reinecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - G Hefner
- Psychiatric Hospital, Vitos Klinik, Eichberg, Eltville, Germany
| | - R Helmer
- Center of Epilepsy, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - G Janssen
- Medical Laboratory Stein, Limbach Group, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - E Jaquenoud
- Psychiatric Hospital, Königsfelden, Brugg, Aargau, Switzerland
| | - G Laux
- Institute of Psychological Medicine, Haag in Oberbayern, Germany
| | - T Messer
- Danuviuskliniken, Psychiatric Hospital, Pfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - R Mössner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M J Müller
- Psychiatric Hospitals Oberberggruppe, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Paulzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - B Pfuhlmann
- Psychiatric Hospital Weisser Hirsch, Dresden, Germany
| | - P Riederer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Saria
- Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Schoppek
- kbo-Isar-Amper Klinikum München-Ost, Psychiatric Hospital, Munich-Haar, Germany
| | | | - M Schwarz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Silva Gracia
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - B Stegmann
- Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Steimer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J C Stingl
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - M Uhr
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - S Ulrich
- Aristo Pharma GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Unterecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - G Zernig
- Experimental Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Private Practice for Psychotherapy and Court-Certified Witness, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - G Zurek
- Medical Laboratory Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - P Baumann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Lausanne, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
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Fekete S, Egberts K, Preissler T, Wewetzer C, Mehler-Wex C, Romanos M, Gerlach M. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of children and adolescents with tic disorders treated with tiapride. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1606421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Fekete
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg Centre for Mental Healt, Würzburg, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg Centre for Mental Healt, Würzburg, Germany
| | - T Preissler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Kepler University Clinics GmbH, Linz, Austria
| | - C Wewetzer
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinics of City Cologne GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Mehler-Wex
- Adolescents and Young Adults, Hemera Private Hospital for Mental Health, Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - M Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg Centre for Mental Healt, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Gerlach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg Centre for Mental Healt, Würzburg, Germany
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Abdalla H, Abramowski A, Aharonian F, Ait Benkhali F, Akhperjanian AG, Andersson T, Angüner EO, Arrieta M, Aubert P, Backes M, Balzer A, Barnard M, Becherini Y, Becker Tjus J, Berge D, Bernhard S, Bernlöhr K, Birsin E, Blackwell R, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bordas P, Bregeon J, Brun F, Brun P, Bryan M, Bulik T, Capasso M, Carr J, Casanova S, Chakraborty N, Chalme-Calvet R, Chaves RCG, Chen A, Chevalier J, Chrétien M, Colafrancesco S, Cologna G, Condon B, Conrad J, Couturier C, Cui Y, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, Devin J, deWilt P, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Donath A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Dutson K, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Edwards T, Egberts K, Eger P, Ernenwein JP, Eschbach S, Farnier C, Fegan S, Fernandes MV, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Funk S, Füßling M, Gabici S, Gajdus M, Gallant YA, Garrigoux T, Giavitto G, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Gottschall D, Goyal A, Grondin MH, Grudzińska M, Hadasch D, Hahn J, Hawkes J, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hervet O, Hillert A, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Hoischen C, Holler M, Horns D, Ivascenko A, Jacholkowska A, Jamrozy M, Janiak M, Jankowsky D, Jankowsky F, Jingo M, Jogler T, Jouvin L, Jung-Richardt I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kerszberg D, Khélifi B, Kieffer M, King J, Klepser S, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Kolitzus D, Komin N, Kosack K, Krakau S, Kraus M, Krayzel F, Krüger PP, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lau J, Lees JP, Lefaucheur J, Lefranc V, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leser E, Liu R, Lohse T, Lorentz M, Lypova I, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Mariaud C, Marx R, Maurin G, Maxted N, Mayer M, Meintjes PJ, Meyer M, Mitchell AMW, Moderski R, Mohamed M, Morå K, Moulin E, Murach T, de Naurois M, Niederwanger F, Niemiec J, Oakes L, O'Brien P, Odaka H, Ohm S, Ostrowski M, Öttl S, Oya I, Padovani M, Panter M, Parsons RD, Paz Arribas M, Pekeur NW, Pelletier G, Perennes C, Petrucci PO, Peyaud B, Pita S, Poon H, Prokhorov D, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raab S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de Los Reyes R, Rieger F, Romoli C, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Sahakian V, Salek D, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schlickeiser R, Schüssler F, Schulz A, Schwanke U, Schwemmer S, Settimo M, Seyffert AS, Shafi N, Shilon I, Simoni R, Sol H, Spanier F, Spengler G, Spies F, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Stycz K, Sushch I, Tavernet JP, Tavernier T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Tibaldo L, Tluczykont M, Trichard C, Tuffs R, van der Walt J, van Eldik C, van Soelen B, Vasileiadis G, Veh J, Venter C, Viana A, Vincent P, Vink J, Voisin F, Völk HJ, Vuillaume T, Wadiasingh Z, Wagner SJ, Wagner P, Wagner RM, White R, Wierzcholska A, Willmann P, Wörnlein A, Wouters D, Yang R, Zabalza V, Zaborov D, Zacharias M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zefi F, Ziegler A, Żywucka N. H.E.S.S. Limits on Linelike Dark Matter Signatures in the 100 GeV to 2 TeV Energy Range Close to the Galactic Center. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:151302. [PMID: 27768338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.151302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A search for dark matter linelike signals iss performed in the vicinity of the Galactic Center by the H.E.S.S. experiment on observational data taken in 2014. An unbinned likelihood analysis iss developed to improve the sensitivity to linelike signals. The upgraded analysis along with newer data extend the energy coverage of the previous measurement down to 100 GeV. The 18 h of data collected with the H.E.S.S. array allow one to rule out at 95% C.L. the presence of a 130 GeV line (at l=-1.5°, b=0° and for a dark matter profile centered at this location) previously reported in Fermi-LAT data. This new analysis overlaps significantly in energy with previous Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. RESULTS No significant excess associated with dark matter annihilations was found in the energy range of 100 GeV to 2 TeV and upper limits on the gamma-ray flux and the velocity weighted annihilation cross section are derived adopting an Einasto dark matter halo profile. Expected limits for present and future large statistics H.E.S.S. observations are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abdalla
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Abramowski
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A G Akhperjanian
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - T Andersson
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - E O Angüner
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Arrieta
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - P Aubert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M Backes
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - A Balzer
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Barnard
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Y Becherini
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D Berge
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Bernhard
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Birsin
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Blackwell
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Boisson
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J Bolmont
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P Bordas
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Bregeon
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Brun
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - P Brun
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Bryan
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Capasso
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Carr
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Casanova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - N Chakraborty
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Chalme-Calvet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - R C G Chaves
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - J Chevalier
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M Chrétien
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - S Colafrancesco
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - G Cologna
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Condon
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Academy Fellow
| | - C Couturier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Y Cui
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - I D Davids
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - B Degrange
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Deil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Devin
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - P deWilt
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - A Djannati-Ataï
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - W Domainko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Donath
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L O'C Drury
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Dubus
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - K Dutson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Dyks
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Dyrda
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - T Edwards
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P Eger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J-P Ernenwein
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Eschbach
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Farnier
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M V Fernandes
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Fiasson
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Förster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Funk
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - S Gabici
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Gajdus
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Y A Gallant
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - T Garrigoux
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | | | - B Giebels
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - D Gottschall
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Goyal
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M-H Grondin
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Grudzińska
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Hadasch
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Hahn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Hawkes
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - G Heinzelmann
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Henri
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - G Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Hervet
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Hillert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Hoischen
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Holler
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Ivascenko
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Jacholkowska
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Janiak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Jankowsky
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Jingo
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - T Jogler
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - L Jouvin
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - I Jung-Richardt
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M A Kastendieck
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Katarzyński
- Centre for Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - U Katz
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Kerszberg
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - B Khélifi
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Kieffer
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J King
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - D Klochkov
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Kolitzus
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - K Kosack
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Krakau
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kraus
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Krayzel
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - P P Krüger
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Laffon
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - G Lamanna
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lau
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - J-P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lefaucheur
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - V Lefranc
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Lemière
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - E Leser
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - R Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Lorentz
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - C Mariaud
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - R Marx
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Maurin
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - N Maxted
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Mayer
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P J Meintjes
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - M Meyer
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| | - A M W Mitchell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Mohamed
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Morå
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Moulin
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - T Murach
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Niederwanger
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - L Oakes
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P O'Brien
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| | - H Odaka
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| | - S Ohm
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| | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - S Öttl
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - I Oya
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Padovani
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Paz Arribas
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - N W Pekeur
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Pelletier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Perennes
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P-O Petrucci
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - B Peyaud
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Pita
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - H Poon
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| | - D Prokhorov
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| | - H Prokoph
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| | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Punch
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- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Raab
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| | - A Reimer
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| | - O Reimer
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| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - R de Los Reyes
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| | - C Romoli
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S Rosier-Lees
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| | - G Rowell
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| | - B Rudak
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| | - C B Rulten
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| | - V Sahakian
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| | - D Salek
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| | - D A Sanchez
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| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
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| | - R Schlickeiser
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schwemmer
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| | - M Settimo
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| | - A S Seyffert
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - N Shafi
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - I Shilon
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| | - R Simoni
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| | - H Sol
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| | - G Spengler
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| | - F Spies
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ł Stawarz
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| | - I Sushch
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| | - T Tavernier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A M Taylor
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - R Terrier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - L Tibaldo
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| | - M Tluczykont
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| | - C Trichard
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| | - R Tuffs
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| | - J van der Walt
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| | - C van Eldik
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| | - B van Soelen
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| | - G Vasileiadis
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| | - J Veh
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| | - C Venter
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| | - A Viana
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| | - P Vincent
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| | - J Vink
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Voisin
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| | - H J Völk
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| | - T Vuillaume
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - Z Wadiasingh
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Wagner
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R M Wagner
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| | - R White
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| | - A Wierzcholska
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - P Willmann
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Wörnlein
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| | - D Wouters
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| | - R Yang
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| | - V Zabalza
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- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - D Zaborov
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| | - M Zacharias
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - F Zefi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Ziegler
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - N Żywucka
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
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Abdallah H, Abramowski A, Aharonian F, Ait Benkhali F, Akhperjanian AG, Angüner E, Arrieta M, Aubert P, Backes M, Balzer A, Barnard M, Becherini Y, Becker Tjus J, Berge D, Bernhard S, Bernlöhr K, Birsin E, Blackwell R, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bordas P, Bregeon J, Brun F, Brun P, Bryan M, Bulik T, Capasso M, Carr J, Casanova S, Chakraborty N, Chalme-Calvet R, Chaves RCG, Chen A, Chevalier J, Chrétien M, Colafrancesco S, Cologna G, Condon B, Conrad J, Couturier C, Cui Y, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, deWilt P, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Donath A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Dutson K, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Edwards T, Egberts K, Eger P, Ernenwein JP, Eschbach S, Farnier C, Fegan S, Fernandes MV, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Funk S, Füßling M, Gabici S, Gajdus M, Gallant YA, Garrigoux T, Giavitto G, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Gottschall D, Goyal A, Grondin MH, Grudzińska M, Hadasch D, Hahn J, Hawkes J, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hervet O, Hillert A, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Hoischen C, Holler M, Horns D, Ivascenko A, Jacholkowska A, Jamrozy M, Janiak M, Jankowsky D, Jankowsky F, Jingo M, Jogler T, Jouvin L, Jung-Richardt I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kerszberg D, Khélifi B, Kieffer M, King J, Klepser S, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Kolitzus D, Komin N, Kosack K, Krakau S, Kraus M, Krayzel F, Krüger PP, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lau J, Lees JP, Lefaucheur J, Lefranc V, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leser E, Lohse T, Lorentz M, Lui R, Lypova I, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Mariaud C, Marx R, Maurin G, Maxted N, Mayer M, Meintjes PJ, Menzler U, Meyer M, Mitchell AMW, Moderski R, Mohamed M, Morå K, Moulin E, Murach T, de Naurois M, Niederwanger F, Niemiec J, Oakes L, Odaka H, Ohm S, Öttl S, Ostrowski M, Oya I, Padovani M, Panter M, Parsons RD, Paz Arribas M, Pekeur NW, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Peyaud B, Pita S, Poon H, Prokhorov D, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raab S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de Los Reyes R, Rieger F, Romoli C, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Sahakian V, Salek D, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schlickeiser R, Schüssler F, Schulz A, Schwanke U, Schwemmer S, Seyffert AS, Shafi N, Simoni R, Sol H, Spanier F, Spengler G, Spieß F, Stawarz L, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Stycz K, Sushch I, Tavernet JP, Tavernier T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Tluczykont M, Trichard C, Tuffs R, van der Walt J, van Eldik C, van Soelen B, Vasileiadis G, Veh J, Venter C, Viana A, Vincent P, Vink J, Voisin F, Völk HJ, Vuillaume T, Wadiasingh Z, Wagner SJ, Wagner P, Wagner RM, White R, Wierzcholska A, Willmann P, Wörnlein A, Wouters D, Yang R, Zabalza V, Zaborov D, Zacharias M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zefi F, Ziegler A, Żywucka N. Search for Dark Matter Annihilations towards the Inner Galactic Halo from 10 Years of Observations with H.E.S.S. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:111301. [PMID: 27661677 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The inner region of the Milky Way halo harbors a large amount of dark matter (DM). Given its proximity, it is one of the most promising targets to look for DM. We report on a search for the annihilations of DM particles using γ-ray observations towards the inner 300 pc of the Milky Way, with the H.E.S.S. array of ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. The analysis is based on a 2D maximum likelihood method using Galactic Center (GC) data accumulated by H.E.S.S. over the last 10 years (2004-2014), and does not show any significant γ-ray signal above background. Assuming Einasto and Navarro-Frenk-White DM density profiles at the GC, we derive upper limits on the annihilation cross section ⟨σv⟩. These constraints are the strongest obtained so far in the TeV DM mass range and improve upon previous limits by a factor 5. For the Einasto profile, the constraints reach ⟨σv⟩ values of 6×10^{-26} cm^{3} s^{-1} in the W^{+}W^{-} channel for a DM particle mass of 1.5 TeV, and 2×10^{-26} cm^{3} s^{-1} in the τ^{+}τ^{-} channel for a 1 TeV mass. For the first time, ground-based γ-ray observations have reached sufficient sensitivity to probe ⟨σv⟩ values expected from the thermal relic density for TeV DM particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abdallah
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Abramowski
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A G Akhperjanian
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E Angüner
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Arrieta
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - P Aubert
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M Backes
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - A Balzer
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Barnard
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Y Becherini
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D Berge
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Bernhard
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Birsin
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Blackwell
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Boisson
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J Bolmont
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P Bordas
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Bregeon
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Brun
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - P Brun
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Bryan
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Capasso
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - J Carr
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Casanova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - N Chakraborty
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Chalme-Calvet
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - R C G Chaves
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - J Chevalier
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M Chrétien
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - S Colafrancesco
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - G Cologna
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Condon
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Academy Fellow
| | - C Couturier
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Y Cui
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - I D Davids
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - B Degrange
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Deil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P deWilt
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - A Djannati-Ataï
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - W Domainko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Donath
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L O'C Drury
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Dubus
- UJF-Grenoble 1 / CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble F-38041, France
| | - K Dutson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Dyks
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Dyrda
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - T Edwards
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P Eger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J-P Ernenwein
- Aix Marseille Universié, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - S Eschbach
- Aix Marseille Universié, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - C Farnier
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M V Fernandes
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Fiasson
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Förster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Funk
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Füßling
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - S Gabici
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Gajdus
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Y A Gallant
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - T Garrigoux
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | | | - B Giebels
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - D Gottschall
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Goyal
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M-H Grondin
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - M Grudzińska
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Hadasch
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Hahn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Hawkes
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - G Heinzelmann
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Henri
- UJF-Grenoble 1 / CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble F-38041, France
| | - G Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Hervet
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Hillert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M Holler
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Ivascenko
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Jacholkowska
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Janiak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Jankowsky
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Jingo
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - T Jogler
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - L Jouvin
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - I Jung-Richardt
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M A Kastendieck
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Katarzyński
- Centre for Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ulica Gagarina 11, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - U Katz
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Kerszberg
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - B Khélifi
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Kieffer
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J King
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - D Klochkov
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Kolitzus
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - K Kosack
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Krakau
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kraus
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Krayzel
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - P P Krüger
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Laffon
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - G Lamanna
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lau
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - J-P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lefaucheur
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - V Lefranc
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Lemière
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - E Leser
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Lorentz
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R Lui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - C Mariaud
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - R Marx
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Maurin
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - N Maxted
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Mayer
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P J Meintjes
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - U Menzler
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Meyer
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A M W Mitchell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Mohamed
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Morå
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Moulin
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - T Murach
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Niederwanger
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - L Oakes
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Odaka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Ohm
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - S Öttl
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - I Oya
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Padovani
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Paz Arribas
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - N W Pekeur
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Pelletier
- UJF-Grenoble 1 / CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble F-38041, France
| | - P-O Petrucci
- UJF-Grenoble 1 / CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble F-38041, France
| | - B Peyaud
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Pita
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - H Poon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Prokhorov
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - H Prokoph
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Punch
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Raab
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - R de Los Reyes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Romoli
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Rowell
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C B Rulten
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - V Sahakian
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - D Salek
- GRAPPA, Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D A Sanchez
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - R Schlickeiser
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schwemmer
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A S Seyffert
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - N Shafi
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - R Simoni
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Sol
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - F Spanier
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Spengler
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Spieß
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - R Steenkamp
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - C Stegmann
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - F Stinzing
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Stycz
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - I Sushch
- Centre for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - J-P Tavernet
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - T Tavernier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A M Taylor
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - R Terrier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Trichard
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - R Tuffs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J van der Walt
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C van Eldik
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - B van Soelen
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - G Vasileiadis
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - J Veh
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Venter
- Centre for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Viana
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Vincent
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J Vink
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Voisin
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - H J Völk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Vuillaume
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - Z Wadiasingh
- Centre for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Wagner
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R M Wagner
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - P Willmann
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Wörnlein
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Wouters
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R Yang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Zabalza
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - D Zaborov
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Zacharias
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - F Zefi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Ziegler
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - N Żywucka
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
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Egberts K, Dang SY, Fekete S, Wohkittel C, Albantakis L, Mehler-Wex M, Plener P, Wewetzer C, Romanos M, Gerlach M. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Children and Adolescents Treated with Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Daily Clinical Practice. Pharmacopsychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1582027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abramowski A, Aharonian F, Ait Benkhali F, Akhperjanian AG, Angüner EO, Backes M, Balenderan S, Balzer A, Barnacka A, Becherini Y, Becker Tjus J, Berge D, Bernhard S, Bernlöhr K, Birsin E, Biteau J, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bordas P, Bregeon J, Brun F, Brun P, Bryan M, Bulik T, Carrigan S, Casanova S, Chadwick PM, Chakraborty N, Chalme-Calvet R, Chaves RCG, Chrétien M, Colafrancesco S, Cologna G, Conrad J, Couturier C, Cui Y, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, deWilt P, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Donath A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Dutson K, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Edwards T, Egberts K, Eger P, Espigat P, Farnier C, Fegan S, Feinstein F, Fernandes MV, Fernandez D, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Füßling M, Gabici S, Gajdus M, Gallant YA, Garrigoux T, Giavitto G, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Gottschall D, Grondin MH, Grudzińska M, Hadasch D, Häffner S, Hahn J, Harris J, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hervet O, Hillert A, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Hofverberg P, Holler M, Horns D, Ivascenko A, Jacholkowska A, Jahn C, Jamrozy M, Janiak M, Jankowsky F, Jung-Richardt I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kaufmann S, Khélifi B, Kieffer M, Klepser S, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Kolitzus D, Komin N, Kosack K, Krakau S, Krayzel F, Krüger PP, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lefaucheur J, Lefranc V, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Lopatin A, Lu CC, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Marx R, Maurin G, Maxted N, Mayer M, McComb TJL, Méhault J, Meintjes PJ, Menzler U, Meyer M, Mitchell AMW, Moderski R, Mohamed M, Morå K, Moulin E, Murach T, de Naurois M, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Oakes L, Odaka H, Ohm S, Opitz B, Ostrowski M, Oya I, Panter M, Parsons RD, Paz Arribas M, Pekeur NW, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Peyaud B, Pita S, Poon H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raab S, Reichardt I, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de Los Reyes R, Rieger F, Romoli C, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Sahakian V, Salek D, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schüssler F, Schulz A, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Sol H, Spanier F, Spengler G, Spies F, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Stycz K, Sushch I, Tavernet JP, Tavernier T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Tluczykont M, Trichard C, Valerius K, van Eldik C, van Soelen B, Vasileiadis G, Veh J, Venter C, Viana A, Vincent P, Vink J, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Vorster M, Vuillaume T, Wagner SJ, Wagner P, Wagner RM, Ward M, Weidinger M, Weitzel Q, White R, Wierzcholska A, Willmann P, Wörnlein A, Wouters D, Yang R, Zabalza V, Zaborov D, Zacharias M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zechlin HS. Constraints on an annihilation signal from a core of constant dark matter density around the milky way center with H.E.S.S. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:081301. [PMID: 25768750 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.081301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An annihilation signal of dark matter is searched for from the central region of the Milky Way. Data acquired in dedicated on-off observations of the Galactic center region with H.E.S.S. are analyzed for this purpose. No significant signal is found in a total of ∼9 h of on-off observations. Upper limits on the velocity averaged cross section, ⟨σv⟩, for the annihilation of dark matter particles with masses in the range of ∼300 GeV to ∼10 TeV are derived. In contrast to previous constraints derived from observations of the Galactic center region, the constraints that are derived here apply also under the assumption of a central core of constant dark matter density around the center of the Galaxy. Values of ⟨σv⟩ that are larger than 3×10^{-24} cm^{3}/s are excluded for dark matter particles with masses between ∼1 and ∼4 TeV at 95% C.L. if the radius of the central dark matter density core does not exceed 500 pc. This is the strongest constraint that is derived on ⟨σv⟩ for annihilating TeV mass dark matter without the assumption of a centrally cusped dark matter density distribution in the search region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abramowski
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A G Akhperjanian
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Avenue, 24, 0019 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers St., 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E O Angüner
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Backes
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - S Balenderan
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - A Balzer
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Barnacka
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
- Now at Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St, MS-20, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Y Becherini
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D Berge
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute of High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Bernhard
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Birsin
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Biteau
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
- Now at Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Boisson
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J Bolmont
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P Bordas
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Bregeon
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Brun
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - P Brun
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Bryan
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Carrigan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Casanova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Instytut Fizyki Ja˛drowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - P M Chadwick
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - N Chakraborty
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Chalme-Calvet
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - R C G Chaves
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Chrétien
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - S Colafrancesco
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - G Cologna
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Academy Fellow
| | - C Couturier
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Y Cui
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - I D Davids
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - B Degrange
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Deil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P deWilt
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - A Djannati-Ataï
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - W Domainko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Donath
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L O'C Drury
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Dubus
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - K Dutson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Dyks
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Dyrda
- Instytut Fizyki Ja˛drowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - T Edwards
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P Eger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Espigat
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - C Farnier
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Feinstein
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M V Fernandes
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Fernandez
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A Fiasson
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Förster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - S Gabici
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Gajdus
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Y A Gallant
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - T Garrigoux
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | | | - B Giebels
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - D Gottschall
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M-H Grondin
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Grudzińska
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Hadasch
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Häffner
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Hahn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Harris
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Heinzelmann
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Henri
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - G Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Hervet
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Hillert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Hofverberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Holler
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Ivascenko
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Jacholkowska
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - C Jahn
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Janiak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Jung-Richardt
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M A Kastendieck
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Katarzyński
- Centre for Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - U Katz
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Kaufmann
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Khélifi
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Kieffer
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | | | - D Klochkov
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Kolitzus
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - K Kosack
- DSM/Irfu, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Krakau
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - F Krayzel
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - P P Krüger
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Laffon
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| | - G Lamanna
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| | - J Lefaucheur
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| | - V Lefranc
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| | - A Lemière
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| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
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| | - T Lohse
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| | - A Lopatin
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| | - C-C Lu
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| | - A Marcowith
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| | - R Marx
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| | - N Maxted
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| | - M Mayer
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| | - T J L McComb
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| | - E Moulin
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| | - T Murach
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| | - V Sahakian
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| | - A M Taylor
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| | - M Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Trichard
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
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| | - S J Wagner
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| | - P Wagner
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| | - R M Wagner
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| | - M Ward
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| | - M Weidinger
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| | - D Zaborov
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| | - M Zacharias
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| | - A A Zdziarski
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| | - A Zech
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Boraska V, Franklin CS, Floyd JAB, Thornton LM, Huckins LM, Southam L, Rayner NW, Tachmazidou I, Klump KL, Treasure J, Lewis CM, Schmidt U, Tozzi F, Kiezebrink K, Hebebrand J, Gorwood P, Adan RAH, Kas MJH, Favaro A, Santonastaso P, Fernández-Aranda F, Gratacos M, Rybakowski F, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Kaprio J, Keski-Rahkonen A, Raevuori A, Van Furth EF, Slof-Op 't Landt MCT, Hudson JI, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Knudsen GPS, Monteleone P, Kaplan AS, Karwautz A, Hakonarson H, Berrettini WH, Guo Y, Li D, Schork NJ, Komaki G, Ando T, Inoko H, Esko T, Fischer K, Männik K, Metspalu A, Baker JH, Cone RD, Dackor J, DeSocio JE, Hilliard CE, O'Toole JK, Pantel J, Szatkiewicz JP, Taico C, Zerwas S, Trace SE, Davis OSP, Helder S, Bühren K, Burghardt R, de Zwaan M, Egberts K, Ehrlich S, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Herzog W, Imgart H, Scherag A, Scherag S, Zipfel S, Boni C, Ramoz N, Versini A, Brandys MK, Danner UN, de Kovel C, Hendriks J, Koeleman BPC, Ophoff RA, Strengman E, van Elburg AA, Bruson A, Clementi M, Degortes D, Forzan M, Tenconi E, Docampo E, Escaramís G, Jiménez-Murcia S, Lissowska J, Rajewski A, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Slopien A, Hauser J, Karhunen L, Meulenbelt I, Slagboom PE, Tortorella A, Maj M, Dedoussis G, Dikeos D, Gonidakis F, Tziouvas K, Tsitsika A, Papezova H, Slachtova L, Martaskova D, Kennedy JL, Levitan RD, Yilmaz Z, Huemer J, Koubek D, Merl E, Wagner G, Lichtenstein P, Breen G, Cohen-Woods S, Farmer A, McGuffin P, Cichon S, Giegling I, Herms S, Rujescu D, Schreiber S, Wichmann HE, Dina C, Sladek R, Gambaro G, Soranzo N, Julia A, Marsal S, Rabionet R, Gaborieau V, Dick DM, Palotie A, Ripatti S, Widén E, Andreassen OA, Espeseth T, Lundervold A, Reinvang I, Steen VM, Le Hellard S, Mattingsdal M, Ntalla I, Bencko V, Foretova L, Janout V, Navratilova M, Gallinger S, Pinto D, Scherer SW, Aschauer H, Carlberg L, Schosser A, Alfredsson L, Ding B, Klareskog L, Padyukov L, Courtet P, Guillaume S, Jaussent I, Finan C, Kalsi G, Roberts M, Logan DW, Peltonen L, Ritchie GRS, Barrett JC, Estivill X, Hinney A, Sullivan PF, Collier DA, Zeggini E, Bulik CM. A genome-wide association study of anorexia nervosa. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1085-94. [PMID: 24514567 PMCID: PMC4325090 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex and heritable eating disorder characterized by dangerously low body weight. Neither candidate gene studies nor an initial genome-wide association study (GWAS) have yielded significant and replicated results. We performed a GWAS in 2907 cases with AN from 14 countries (15 sites) and 14 860 ancestrally matched controls as part of the Genetic Consortium for AN (GCAN) and the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 3 (WTCCC3). Individual association analyses were conducted in each stratum and meta-analyzed across all 15 discovery data sets. Seventy-six (72 independent) single nucleotide polymorphisms were taken forward for in silico (two data sets) or de novo (13 data sets) replication genotyping in 2677 independent AN cases and 8629 European ancestry controls along with 458 AN cases and 421 controls from Japan. The final global meta-analysis across discovery and replication data sets comprised 5551 AN cases and 21 080 controls. AN subtype analyses (1606 AN restricting; 1445 AN binge-purge) were performed. No findings reached genome-wide significance. Two intronic variants were suggestively associated: rs9839776 (P=3.01 × 10(-7)) in SOX2OT and rs17030795 (P=5.84 × 10(-6)) in PPP3CA. Two additional signals were specific to Europeans: rs1523921 (P=5.76 × 10(-)(6)) between CUL3 and FAM124B and rs1886797 (P=8.05 × 10(-)(6)) near SPATA13. Comparing discovery with replication results, 76% of the effects were in the same direction, an observation highly unlikely to be due to chance (P=4 × 10(-6)), strongly suggesting that true findings exist but our sample, the largest yet reported, was underpowered for their detection. The accrual of large genotyped AN case-control samples should be an immediate priority for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Boraska
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - C S Franklin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - J A B Floyd
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - L M Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L M Huckins
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Southam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - N W Rayner
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (WTCHG), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK [3] Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Oxford, UK
| | - I Tachmazidou
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - K L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - U Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F Tozzi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Kiezebrink
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P Gorwood
- 1] INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France [2] Sainte-Anne Hospital (CMME), University of Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - R A H Adan
- 1] Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - M J H Kas
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Favaro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - P Santonastaso
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - F Fernández-Aranda
- 1] Department of Psychiatry and CIBERON, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain [2] Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Gratacos
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Rybakowski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Dmitrzak-Weglarz
- Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Kaprio
- 1] Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [3] Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - A Raevuori
- 1] Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E F Van Furth
- 1] Center for Eating Disorders Ursula, Leidschendam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M C T Slof-Op 't Landt
- 1] Center for Eating Disorders Ursula, Leidschendam, The Netherlands [2] Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J I Hudson
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - T Reichborn-Kjennerud
- 1] Department of Genetics, Environment and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway [2] Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G P S Knudsen
- Department of Genetics, Environment and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - P Monteleone
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy [2] Chair of Psychiatry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - A S Kaplan
- 1] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Hakonarson
- 1] The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA [2] The Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - W H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Guo
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Li
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N J Schork
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and The Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - G Komaki
- 1] Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan [2] School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Ando
- Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Inoko
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - K Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - K Männik
- 1] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia [2] Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Metspalu
- 1] Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia [2] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R D Cone
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Dackor
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J E DeSocio
- Seattle University College of Nursing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C E Hilliard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - J Pantel
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences - Inserm U894, Paris, France
| | - J P Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C Taico
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Zerwas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S E Trace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - O S P Davis
- 1] Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK [2] Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UCL Genetics Institute, London, UK
| | - S Helder
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Bühren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Burghardt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - M de Zwaan
- 1] Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany [2] Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Ehrlich
- 1] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany [2] Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Psychiatric Neuroimaging Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - B Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - W Herzog
- Departments of Psychosocial and Internal Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Imgart
- Parklandklinik, Bad Wildungen, Germany
| | - A Scherag
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Scherag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Zipfel
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Boni
- INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - N Ramoz
- INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - A Versini
- INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - M K Brandys
- 1] Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - U N Danner
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - C de Kovel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Hendriks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B P C Koeleman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R A Ophoff
- 1] Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Strengman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A A van Elburg
- 1] Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands [2] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Bruson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Clementi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - D Degortes
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Forzan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Tenconi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Docampo
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Escaramís
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Jiménez-Murcia
- 1] Department of Psychiatry and CIBERON, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain [2] Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Lissowska
- M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Rajewski
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Lodz, Poland
| | - N Szeszenia-Dabrowska
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Slopien
- Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - L Karhunen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - I Meulenbelt
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P E Slagboom
- 1] Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands [2] Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Tortorella
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - M Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - G Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - D Dikeos
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - F Gonidakis
- Eating Disorders Unit, 1st Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - K Tziouvas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - A Tsitsika
- Adolescent Health Unit (A.H.U.), 2nd Department of Pediatrics - Medical School, University of Athens 'P. & A. Kyriakou' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - H Papezova
- Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Slachtova
- Department of Pediatrics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Martaskova
- Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J L Kennedy
- 1] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R D Levitan
- 1] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Z Yilmaz
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [2] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Huemer
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Koubek
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Merl
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Cohen-Woods
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Farmer
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P McGuffin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Cichon
- 1] Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany [3] Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Giegling
- Klinikum der Medizinischen Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - S Herms
- 1] Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Rujescu
- Klinikum der Medizinischen Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - S Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - H-E Wichmann
- 1] Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany [2] Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - C Dina
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - R Sladek
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Columbus-Gemelly Hospitals, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - N Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Julia
- Unitat de Recerca de Reumatologia (URR), Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Marsal
- Unitat de Recerca de Reumatologia (URR), Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Rabionet
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Gaborieau
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - D M Dick
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A Palotie
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] The Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [3] The Program for Human and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Ripatti
- 1] The Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Widén
- 1] The Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O A Andreassen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Espeseth
- 1] NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway [2] Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Lundervold
- 1] Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Kavli Research Centre for Aging and Dementia, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway [3] K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - V M Steen
- 1] Department of Clinical Science, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre For Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Le Hellard
- 1] Department of Clinical Science, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre For Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Mattingsdal
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Ntalla
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - V Bencko
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - V Janout
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Navratilova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S Gallinger
- 1] University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Mount Sinai Hospital, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Pinto
- Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Seaver Autism Center, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - S W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H Aschauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Carlberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Schosser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Alfredsson
- The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Ding
- The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Klareskog
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine at the Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - L Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine at the Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - P Courtet
- 1] Inserm, U1061, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France [2] Department of Emergency Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - S Guillaume
- 1] Inserm, U1061, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France [2] Department of Emergency Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - I Jaussent
- 1] Inserm, U1061, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France [2] Department of Emergency Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Finan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Kalsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Roberts
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D W Logan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Peltonen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - G R S Ritchie
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge
| | - J C Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - X Estivill
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P F Sullivan
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [2] Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D A Collier
- 1] Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK [2] Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, UK
| | - E Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - C M Bulik
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [2] Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Egberts K, Dang SY, Plener P, Romanos M, Gerlach M. Pharmacovigilance in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Pharmacopsychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1386812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Egberts K, Preuss A, Wewetzer C, Unterecker S, Plener P, Gerlach M. Relation between dosage, serum concentration and therapeutic response of risperidone in children and adolescents with schizophrenic psychosis: data from a routine TDM-Service. Pharmacopsychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1386832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dang SY, Jeutter V, Gerlach M, Romanos M, Taurines R, Egberts K. Aripiprazole induced extrapyramidal symptoms in two adolescents. Pharmacopsychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1386833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bühren K, Schwarte R, Fluck F, Timmesfeld N, Krei M, Egberts K, Pfeiffer E, Fleischhaker C, Wewetzer C, Herpertz-Dahlmann B. Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Female Adolescents with First-Onset Anorexia Nervosa. Eur Eat Disorders Rev 2013; 22:39-44. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Bühren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; University Clinics RWTH Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | - R Schwarte
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; University Clinics RWTH Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | - F Fluck
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; University Clinics RWTH Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | - N Timmesfeld
- Department of Medical Statistics; University of Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - M Krei
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; University Clinics RWTH Aachen; Aachen Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - E Pfeiffer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - C Fleischhaker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University Clinics Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - C Wewetzer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Kliniken der Stadt Köln; Köln Germany
| | - B Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy; University Clinics RWTH Aachen; Aachen Germany
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Abramowski A, Acero F, Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Anton G, Balenderan S, Balzer A, Barnacka A, Becherini Y, Becker Tjus J, Bernlöhr K, Birsin E, Biteau J, Bochow A, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bordas P, Brucker J, Brun F, Brun P, Bulik T, Carrigan S, Casanova S, Cerruti M, Chadwick PM, Chaves RCG, Cheesebrough A, Colafrancesco S, Cologna G, Conrad J, Couturier C, Dalton M, Daniel MK, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, deWilt P, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubus G, Dutson K, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Egberts K, Eger P, Espigat P, Fallon L, Farnier C, Fegan S, Feinstein F, Fernandes MV, Fernandez D, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Füßling M, Gajdus M, Gallant YA, Garrigoux T, Gast H, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Göring D, Grondin MH, Häffner S, Hague JD, Hahn J, Hampf D, Harris J, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hillert A, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Hofverberg P, Holler M, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, Jahn C, Jamrozy M, Jung I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kaufmann S, Khélifi B, Klepser S, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Kneiske T, Komin N, Kosack K, Kossakowski R, Krayzel F, Krüger PP, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lefaucheur J, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Lennarz D, Lohse T, Lopatin A, Lu CC, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Masbou J, Maurin G, Maxted N, Mayer M, McComb TJL, Medina MC, Méhault J, Menzler U, Moderski R, Mohamed M, Moulin E, Naumann CL, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Nguyen N, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, de Oña Wilhelmi E, Opitz B, Ostrowski M, Oya I, Panter M, Parsons RD, Paz Arribas M, Pekeur NW, Pelletier G, Perez J, Petrucci PO, Peyaud B, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raue M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de Los Reyes R, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Sahakian V, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schulz A, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Sheidaei F, Skilton JL, Sol H, Spengler G, Stawarz L, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Stycz K, Sushch I, Szostek A, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tluczykont M, Trichard C, Valerius K, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Viana A, Vincent P, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Vorobiov S, Vorster M, Wagner SJ, Ward M, White R, Wierzcholska A, Wouters D, Zacharias M, Zajczyk A, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zechlin HS. Search for photon-linelike signatures from dark matter annihilations with H.E.S.S. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:041301. [PMID: 25166149 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.041301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-ray line signatures can be expected in the very-high-energy (E(γ)>100 GeV) domain due to self-annihilation or decay of dark matter (DM) particles in space. Such a signal would be readily distinguishable from astrophysical γ-ray sources that in most cases produce continuous spectra that span over several orders of magnitude in energy. Using data collected with the H.E.S.S. γ-ray instrument, upper limits on linelike emission are obtained in the energy range between ∼ 500 GeV and ∼ 25 TeV for the central part of the Milky Way halo and for extragalactic observations, complementing recent limits obtained with the Fermi-LAT instrument at lower energies. No statistically significant signal could be found. For monochromatic γ-ray line emission, flux limits of (2 × 10(-7) -2 × 10(-5)) m(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) and (1 × 10(-8) -2 × 10(-6)) m(-2) s(-1)sr(-1) are obtained for the central part of the Milky Way halo and extragalactic observations, respectively. For a DM particle mass of 1 TeV, limits on the velocity-averaged DM annihilation cross section ⟨σv⟩(χχ → γγ) reach ∼ 10(-27) cm(3)s(-1), based on the Einasto parametrization of the Galactic DM halo density profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abramowski
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Acero
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany and Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland and National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia, Yerevan
| | - A G Akhperjanian
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia, Yerevan and Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - G Anton
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Balenderan
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - A Balzer
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany and Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Barnacka
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland and CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Y Becherini
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France, and Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany and Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Birsin
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Biteau
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Bochow
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Boisson
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J Bolmont
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P Bordas
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Brucker
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Brun
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - P Brun
- CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Carrigan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Casanova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany and Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - M Cerruti
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - P M Chadwick
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - R C G Chaves
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany and CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A Cheesebrough
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - S Colafrancesco
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - G Cologna
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Conrad
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Couturier
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - M Dalton
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany and Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - M K Daniel
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - I D Davids
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - B Degrange
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Deil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P deWilt
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - H J Dickinson
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Djannati-Ataï
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - W Domainko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L O'C Drury
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Dubus
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble, F-38041, France
| | - K Dutson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Dyks
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Dyrda
- Instytut Fizyki Ja̧drowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Eger
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Espigat
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - L Fallon
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - C Farnier
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Feinstein
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M V Fernandes
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Fernandez
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A Fiasson
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Förster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Füßling
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Gajdus
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Y A Gallant
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - T Garrigoux
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - H Gast
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Giebels
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - B Glück
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Göring
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M-H Grondin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany and Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Häffner
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J D Hague
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Hahn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Hampf
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Harris
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - S Heinz
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Heinzelmann
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Henri
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble, F-38041, France
| | - G Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Hillert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Hofverberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Holler
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Jacholkowska
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - C Jahn
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - I Jung
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M A Kastendieck
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Katarzyński
- Toruń Centre for Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ulica Gagarina 11, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - U Katz
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Kaufmann
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Khélifi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - D Klochkov
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Kneiske
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nu Komin
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - K Kosack
- CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R Kossakowski
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - F Krayzel
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - P P Krüger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany and Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Laffon
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - G Lamanna
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Lefaucheur
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - D Lennarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Lopatin
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C-C Lu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - J Masbou
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Maurin
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - N Maxted
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Mayer
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T J L McComb
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - M C Medina
- CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J Méhault
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France and Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - U Menzler
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Mohamed
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Moulin
- CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C L Naumann
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - M Naumann-Godo
- CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Nedbal
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - D Nekrassov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Nguyen
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Ja̧drowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - S J Nolan
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - S Ohm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany and Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - E de Oña Wilhelmi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Opitz
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - I Oya
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Paz Arribas
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - N W Pekeur
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Pelletier
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble, F-38041, France
| | - J Perez
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P-O Petrucci
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble, F-38041, France
| | - B Peyaud
- CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S Pita
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Punch
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Raue
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - R de Los Reyes
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Ripken
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Rob
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Rowell
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C B Rulten
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - V Sahakian
- National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia, Yerevan and Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - D A Sanchez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - R Schlickeiser
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schwarzburg
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Schwemmer
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Sheidaei
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France, and Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - J L Skilton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Sol
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - G Spengler
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - R Steenkamp
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - C Stegmann
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany and Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - F Stinzing
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Stycz
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - I Sushch
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Szostek
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - J-P Tavernet
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - R Terrier
- APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Trichard
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - K Valerius
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C van Eldik
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany and Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Vasileiadis
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - C Venter
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Viana
- CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - P Vincent
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - H J Völk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Volpe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Vorobiov
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - M Vorster
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Ward
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - R White
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - D Wouters
- CEA Saclay, DSM/Irfu, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Zacharias
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - A Zajczyk
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France and Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - H-S Zechlin
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Föcker M, Timmesfeld N, Scherag S, Knoll N, Singmann P, Wang-Sattler R, Bühren K, Schwarte R, Egberts K, Fleischhaker C, Adamski J, Illig T, Suhre K, Albayrak O, Hinney A, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Hebebrand J. Comparison of metabolic profiles of acutely ill and short-term weight recovered patients with anorexia nervosa reveals alterations of 33 out of 163 metabolites. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:1600-9. [PMID: 22981704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Starvation represents an extreme physiological state and entails numerous endocrine and metabolic adaptations. The large-scale application of metabolomics to patients with acute anorexia nervosa (AN) should lead to the identification of state markers characteristic of starvation in general and of the starvation specifically associated with this eating disorder. Novel metabolomics technology has not yet been applied to this disorder. Using a targeted metabolomics approach, we analysed 163 metabolite concentrations in 29 patients with AN in the acute stage of starvation (T0) and after short-term weight recovery (T1). Of the 163 metabolites of the respective kit, 112 metabolites were quantified within restrictive quality control limits. We hypothesized that concentrations are different in patients in the acute stage of starvation (T0) and after weight gain (T1). Furthermore, we compared all 112 metabolite concentrations of patients at the two time points (T0, T1) with those of 16 age and gender matched healthy controls. Thirty-three of the metabolite serum levels were found significantly different between T0 and T1. At the acute stage of starvation (T0) serum concentrations of 90 metabolites differed significantly from those of healthy controls. Concentrations of controls mostly differed even more strongly from those of AN patients after short-term weight recovery than at the acute stage of starvation. We conclude that AN entails profound and longer lasting alterations of a large number of serum metabolites. Further studies are warranted to distinguish between state and trait related alterations and to establish diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the thus altered metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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Hansen D, Taurines R, Wewetzer C, Pfuhlmann B, Plener P, Mehler-Wex C, Gerlach M, Egberts K. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in children and adolescents treated with aripiprazole. Pharmacopsychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1326751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kulpok C, Taurines R, Wewetzer C, Pfuhlmann B, Plener P, Mehler-Wex C, Gerlach M, Egberts K. Relation between dosage, serum concentration and therapeutic response of quetiapine in children and adolescents with different psychiatric disorders in clinical practice. Pharmacopsychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1326756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Koelch M, Pfalzer AK, Kliegl K, Rothenhöfer S, Ludolph AG, Fegert JM, Burger R, Mehler-Wex C, Stingl J, Taurines R, Egberts K, Gerlach M. Therapeutic drug monitoring of children and adolescents treated with fluoxetine. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011; 45:72-6. [PMID: 22086744 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Information about therapeutic serum levels of fluoxetine (FLX) and its major metabolite norfluoxetine (NORFLX) in children and adolescents is scarce. METHODS Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of FLX was routinely performed in 71 subjects treated for a major depressive disorder (MDD) (10-60 mg/d FLX, median: 20 mg/d). Correlations between serum concentration and dosage, age, gender, smoking habits and adverse events were analysed. RESULTS Serum concentrations of the active moiety (FLX + NORFLX) ranged from 21 to 613 ng/mL (mean concentration of 213 ± 118 ng/mL, median: 185 ng/mL). High inter-individual variability in serum concentrations of the active moiety of FLX at each dosage level was observed and no relationship between serum concentration and clinical outcome was found. Apart from smoking, none of the factors tested had a significant eff ect on the serum concentration. DISCUSSION It was shown that serum concentrations of the active moiety of FLX in children and adolescents seem to be similar to those in adults, with a high level of inter-individual variation. The proportion of patients who showed benefits from treatment with a dose of 20 mg/d FLX was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koelch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
| | - C. Mehler-Wex
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy
| | - M. Gerlach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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Hiemke C, Baumann P, Bergemann N, Conca A, Dietmaier O, Egberts K, Fric M, Gerlach M, Greiner C, Gründer G, Haen E, Havemann-Reinecke U, Jaquenoud Sirot E, Kirchherr H, Laux G, Lutz UC, Messer T, Müller MJ, Pfuhlmann B, Rambeck B, Riederer P, Schoppek B, Stingl J, Uhr M, Ulrich S, Waschgler R, Zernig G. AGNP Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Psychiatry: Update 2011. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011; 44:195-235. [PMID: 21969060 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1286287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), i. e., the quantification of serum or plasma concentrations of medications for dose optimization, has proven a valuable tool for the patient-matched psychopharmacotherapy. Uncertain drug adherence, suboptimal tolerability, non-response at therapeutic doses, or pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions are typical situations when measurement of medication concentrations is helpful. Patient populations that may predominantly benefit from TDM in psychiatry are children, pregnant women, elderly patients, individuals with intelligence disabilities, forensic patients, patients with known or suspected genetically determined pharmacokinetic abnormalities or individuals with pharmacokinetically relevant comorbidities. However, the potential benefits of TDM for optimization of pharmacotherapy can only be obtained if the method is adequately integrated into the clinical treatment process. To promote an appropriate use of TDM, the TDM expert group of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) issued guidelines for TDM in psychiatry in 2004. Since then, knowledge has advanced significantly, and new psychopharmacologic agents have been introduced that are also candidates for TDM. Therefore the TDM consensus guidelines were updated and extended to 128 neuropsychiatric drugs. 4 levels of recommendation for using TDM were defined ranging from "strongly recommended" to "potentially useful". Evidence-based "therapeutic reference ranges" and "dose related reference ranges" were elaborated after an extensive literature search and a structured internal review process. A "laboratory alert level" was introduced, i. e., a plasma level at or above which the laboratory should immediately inform the treating physician. Supportive information such as cytochrome P450 substrate- and inhibitor properties of medications, normal ranges of ratios of concentrations of drug metabolite to parent drug and recommendations for the interpretative services are given. Recommendations when to combine TDM with pharmacogenetic tests are also provided. Following the guidelines will help to improve the outcomes of psychopharmacotherapy of many patients especially in case of pharmacokinetic problems. Thereby, one should never forget that TDM is an interdisciplinary task that sometimes requires the respectful discussion of apparently discrepant data so that, ultimately, the patient can profit from such a joint effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hiemke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
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32
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Hiemke C, Baumann P, Bergemann N, Conca A, Dietmaier O, Egberts K, Fric M, Gerlach M, Greiner C, Gründer G, Haen E, Havemann-Reinecke U, Jaquenoud Sirot E, Kirchherr H, Laux G, Lutz UC, Messer T, Müller MJ, Pfuhlmann B, Rambeck B, Riederer P, Schoppek B, Stingl J, Uhr M, Ulrich S, Waschgler R, Zernig G. AGNP consensus guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring in psychiatry: update 2011. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011; 44:195-235. [PMID: 22053351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), i. e., the quantification of serum or plasma concentrations of medications for dose optimization, has proven a valuable tool for the patient-matched psychopharmacotherapy. Uncertain drug adherence, suboptimal tolerability, non-response at therapeutic doses, or pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions are typical situations when measurement of medication concentrations is helpful. Patient populations that may predominantly benefit from TDM in psychiatry are children, pregnant women, elderly patients, individuals with intelligence disabilities, forensic patients, patients with known or suspected genetically determined pharmacokinetic abnormalities or individuals with pharmacokinetically relevant comorbidities. However, the potential benefits of TDM for optimization of pharmacotherapy can only be obtained if the method is adequately integrated into the clinical treatment process. To promote an appropriate use of TDM, the TDM expert group of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) issued guidelines for TDM in psychiatry in 2004. Since then, knowledge has advanced significantly, and new psychopharmacologic agents have been introduced that are also candidates for TDM. Therefore the TDM consensus guidelines were updated and extended to 128 neuropsychiatric drugs. 4 levels of recommendation for using TDM were defined ranging from “strongly recommended” to “potentially useful”. Evidence-based “therapeutic reference ranges” and “dose related reference ranges” were elaborated after an extensive literature search and a structured internal review process. A “laboratory alert level” was introduced, i. e., a plasma level at or above which the laboratory should immediately inform the treating physician. Supportive information such as cytochrome P450 substrate and inhibitor properties of medications, normal ranges of ratios of concentrations of drug metabolite to parent drug and recommendations for the interpretative services are given. Recommendations when to combine TDM with pharmacogenetic tests are also provided. Following the guidelines will help to improve the outcomes of psychopharmacotherapy of many patients especially in case of pharmacokinetic problems. Thereby, one should never forget that TDM is an interdisciplinary task that sometimes requires the respectful discussion of apparently discrepant data so that, ultimately, the patient can profit from such a joint eff ort.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hiemke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Mainz, Germany.
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Abramowski A, Acero F, Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Anton G, Barnacka A, de Almeida UB, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Becker J, Behera B, Bernlöhr K, Bochow A, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bordas P, Borrel V, Brucker J, Brun F, Brun P, Bulik T, Büsching I, Carrigan S, Casanova S, Cerruti M, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Cheesebrough A, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Conrad J, Dalton M, Daniel MK, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Egberts K, Eger P, Espigat P, Fallon L, Farnier C, Fegan S, Feinstein F, Fernandes MV, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Füssling M, Gallant YA, Gast H, Gérard L, Gerbig D, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Göring D, Hague JD, Hampf D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Hofverberg P, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jahn C, Jamrozy M, Jung I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kaufmann S, Keogh D, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Kneiske T, Komin N, Kosack K, Kossakowski R, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lennarz D, Lohse T, Lopatin A, Lu CC, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Masbou J, Maurin D, Maxted N, McComb TJL, Medina MC, Méhault J, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann CL, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Nguyen N, Nicholas B, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, Wilhelmi EDO, Opitz B, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Arribas MP, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raue M, Rayner SM, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de los Reyes R, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Ruppel J, Ryde F, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schönwald A, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Sikora M, Skilton JL, Sol H, Spengler G, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Sushch I, Szostek A, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, Tluczykont M, Valerius K, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vialle JP, Viana A, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Vorobiov S, Vorster M, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Wierzcholska A, Zajczyk A, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zechlin HS. Search for a dark matter annihilation signal from the galactic center halo with H.E.S.S. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:161301. [PMID: 21599352 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.161301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A search for a very-high-energy (VHE; ≥100 GeV) γ-ray signal from self-annihilating particle dark matter (DM) is performed towards a region of projected distance r∼45-150 pc from the Galactic center. The background-subtracted γ-ray spectrum measured with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) γ-ray instrument in the energy range between 300 GeV and 30 TeV shows no hint of a residual γ-ray flux. Assuming conventional Navarro-Frenk-White and Einasto density profiles, limits are derived on the velocity-weighted annihilation cross section (σv) as a function of the DM particle mass. These are among the best reported so far for this energy range and in particular differ only little between the chosen density profile parametrizations. In particular, for the DM particle mass of ∼1 TeV, values for (σv) above 3×10(-25) cm(3) s(-1) are excluded for the Einasto density profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abramowski
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany
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Acero F, Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Anton G, Barres de Almeida U, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Behera B, Bernlöhr K, Bochow A, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Borrel V, Brucker J, Brun F, Brun P, Bühler R, Bulik T, Büsching I, Boutelier T, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Cheesebrough A, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Dalton M, Daniel MK, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Farnier C, Fegan S, Feinstein F, Fiasson A, Förster A, Fontaine G, Füßling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Gérard L, Gerbig D, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Göring D, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Hofverberg P, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jahn C, Jung I, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kaufmann S, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Keogh D, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Kneiske T, Komin N, Kosack K, Kossakowski R, Lamanna G, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Marandon V, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Masbou J, Maurin D, McComb TJL, Medina MC, Méhault J, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Nicholas B, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, Wilhelmi EDO, Orford KJ, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Arribas MP, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Reimer O, Renaud M, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Ruppel J, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Sikora M, Skilton JL, Sol H, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Superina G, Szostek A, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, Tluczykont M, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Venter L, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A. Detection of Gamma Rays from a Starburst Galaxy. Science 2009; 326:1080-2. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1178826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Acero
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F. Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 5 Merrion Square, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A. G. Akhperjanian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - G. Anton
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - A. R. Bazer-Bachi
- Centre d’Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Y. Becherini
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - B. Behera
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K. Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Bochow
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Boisson
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J. Bolmont
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - V. Borrel
- Centre d’Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - J. Brucker
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F. Brun
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P. Brun
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers/La Direction des Sciences de la Matière/Commissariat àl’Energie Atomique, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - R. Bühler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - I. Büsching
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - T. Boutelier
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - P. M. Chadwick
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - A. Charbonnier
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - R. C. G. Chaves
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Cheesebrough
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - L.-M. Chounet
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A. C. Clapson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Coignet
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M. Dalton
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. K. Daniel
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - I. D. Davids
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - B. Degrange
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - C. Deil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. J. Dickinson
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - A. Djannati-Ataï
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - W. Domainko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L. O’C. Drury
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 5 Merrion Square, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - F. Dubois
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G. Dubus
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - J. Dyks
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Dyrda
- Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - K. Egberts
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Emmanoulopoulos
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P. Espigat
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - C. Farnier
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - S. Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F. Feinstein
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A. Fiasson
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A. Förster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M. Füßling
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Gabici
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 5 Merrion Square, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Y. A. Gallant
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - L. Gérard
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - D. Gerbig
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - B. Giebels
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - J. F. Glicenstein
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers/La Direction des Sciences de la Matière/Commissariat àl’Energie Atomique, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - B. Glück
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P. Goret
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers/La Direction des Sciences de la Matière/Commissariat àl’Energie Atomique, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - D. Göring
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D. Hauser
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Hauser
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Heinz
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - G. Heinzelmann
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Henri
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - G. Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. A. Hinton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A. Hoffmann
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W. Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P. Hofverberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Hoppe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Jacholkowska
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - O. C. de Jager
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C. Jahn
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - I. Jung
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K. Katarzyński
- Toruń Centre for Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Gagarina 11, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - U. Katz
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S. Kaufmann
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Kerschhaggl
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Khangulyan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Khélifi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D. Keogh
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - D. Klochkov
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W. Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T. Kneiske
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nu. Komin
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers/La Direction des Sciences de la Matière/Commissariat àl’Energie Atomique, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - K. Kosack
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. Kossakowski
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G. Lamanna
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J.-P. Lenain
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - T. Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - V. Marandon
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - O. Martineau-Huynh
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - A. Marcowith
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - J. Masbou
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - D. Maurin
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - T. J. L. McComb
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - M. C. Medina
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J. Méhault
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - R. Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - E. Moulin
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - M. Naumann-Godo
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M. de Naurois
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - D. Nedbal
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holesovickách 2, 180 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D. Nekrassov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Nicholas
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - J. Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - S. J. Nolan
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - S. Ohm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J-F. Olive
- Centre d’Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - E. de Oña Wilhelmi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K. J. Orford
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - M. Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M. Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Paz Arribas
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Pedaletti
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Pelletier
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - P.-O. Petrucci
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - S. Pita
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - G. Pühlhofer
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Punch
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - A. Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. C. Raubenheimer
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - M. Raue
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Associated Laboratory for Gamma-Ray Astronomy, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - S. M. Rayner
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - O. Reimer
- Institut für Astro und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- KIPAC Kavli Institute for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Renaud
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - F. Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Associated Laboratory for Gamma-Ray Astronomy, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J. Ripken
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Rob
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holesovickách 2, 180 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S. Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G. Rowell
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B. Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C. B. Rulten
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - J. Ruppel
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - V. Sahakian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - A. Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - R. Schlickeiser
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - F. M. Schöck
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - U. Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Schwarzburg
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S. Schwemmer
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Shalchi
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M. Sikora
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. L. Skilton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - H. Sol
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - Ł. Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - R. Steenkamp
- University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - C. Stegmann
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F. Stinzing
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - G. Superina
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A. Szostek
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - P. H. Tam
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J.-P. Tavernet
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - R. Terrier
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - O. Tibolla
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. van Eldik
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Vasileiadis
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - C. Venter
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - L. Venter
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J. P. Vialle
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - P. Vincent
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - M. Vivier
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers/La Direction des Sciences de la Matière/Commissariat àl’Energie Atomique, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - H. J. Völk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F. Volpe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. J. Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Ward
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - A. A. Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Zech
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
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Acciari VA, Aliu E, Arlen T, Bautista M, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Bradbury SM, Buckley JH, Bugaev V, Butt Y, Byrum K, Cannon A, Celik O, Cesarini A, Chow YC, Ciupik L, Cogan P, Cui W, Dickherber R, Fegan SJ, Finley JP, Fortin P, Fortson L, Furniss A, Gall D, Gillanders GH, Grube J, Guenette R, Gyuk G, Hanna D, Holder J, Horan D, Hui CM, Humensky TB, Imran A, Kaaret P, Karlsson N, Kieda D, Kildea J, Konopelko A, Krawczynski H, Krennrich F, Lang MJ, LeBohec S, Maier G, McCann A, McCutcheon M, Millis J, Moriarty P, Ong RA, Otte AN, Pandel D, Perkins JS, Petry D, Pohl M, Quinn J, Ragan K, Reyes LC, Reynolds PT, Roache E, Roache E, Rose HJ, Schroedter M, Sembroski GH, Smith AW, Swordy SP, Theiling M, Toner JA, Varlotta A, Vincent S, Wakely SP, Ward JE, Weekes TC, Weinstein A, Williams DA, Wissel S, Wood M, Walker RC, Davies F, Hardee PE, Junor W, Ly C, Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Anton G, Barres de Almeida U, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Behera B, Bernlöhr K, Bochow A, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Borrel V, Brucker J, Brun F, Brun P, Bühler R, Bulik T, Büsching I, Boutelier T, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Cheesebrough A, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Dalton M, Daniel MK, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Farnier C, Feinstein F, Fiasson A, Förster A, Fontaine G, Füssling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Gérard L, Gerbig D, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Göhring D, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jahn C, Jung I, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kaufmann S, Kendziorra E, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Keogh D, Kluźniak W, Kneiske T, Komin N, Kosack K, Lamanna G, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Marandon V, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Maurin D, McComb TJL, Medina MC, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Nicholas B, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, de Oña Wilhelmi E, Orford KJ, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Paz Arribas M, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Renaud M, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Ruppel J, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schröder R, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Sikora M, Skilton JL, Sol H, Spangler D, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Superina G, Szostek A, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, Tluczykont M, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Venter L, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Anderhub H, Antonelli LA, Antoranz P, Backes M, Baixeras C, Balestra S, Barrio JA, Bastieri D, Becerra González J, Becker JK, Bednarek W, Berger K, Bernardini E, Biland A, Bock RK, Bonnoli G, Bordas P, Borla Tridon D, Bosch-Ramon V, Bose D, Braun I, Bretz T, Britvitch I, Camara M, Carmona E, Commichau S, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Costado MT, Covino S, Curtef V, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Cea del Pozo E, Delgado Mendez C, De los Reyes R, De Lotto B, De Maria M, De Sabata F, Dominguez A, Dorner D, Doro M, Elsaesser D, Errando M, Ferenc D, Fernández E, Firpo R, Fonseca MV, Font L, Galante N, García López RJ, Garczarczyk M, Gaug M, Goebel F, Hadasch D, Hayashida M, Herrero A, Hildebrand D, Höhne-Mönch D, Hose J, Hsu CC, Jogler T, Kranich D, La Barbera A, Laille A, Leonardo E, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, López M, Lorenz E, Majumdar P, Maneva G, Mankuzhiyil N, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Mariotti M, Martínez M, Mazin D, Meucci M, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Miyamoto H, Moldón J, Moles M, Moralejo A, Nieto D, Nilsson K, Ninkovic J, Oya I, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Pasanen M, Pascoli D, Pauss F, Pegna RG, Perez-Torres MA, Persic M, Peruzzo L, Prada F, Prandini E, Puchades N, Reichardt I, Rhode W, Ribó M, Rico J, Rissi M, Robert A, Rügamer S, Saggion A, Saito TY, Salvati M, Sanchez-Conde M, Satalecka K, Scalzotto V, Scapin V, Schweizer T, Shayduk M, Shore SN, Sidro N, Sierpowska-Bartosik A, Sillanpää A, Sitarek J, Sobczynska D, Spanier F, Stamerra A, Stark LS, Takalo L, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Torres DF, Turini N, Vankov H, Wagner RM, Zabalza V, Zandanel F, Zanin R, Zapatero J. Radio Imaging of the Very-High-Energy γ-Ray Emission Region in the Central Engine of a Radio Galaxy. Science 2009; 325:444-8. [PMID: 19574351 DOI: 10.1126/science.1175406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Barres de Almeida U, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Behera B, Benbow W, Bernlöhr K, Boisson C, Bochow A, Borrel V, Braun I, Brion E, Brucker J, Brun P, Brucker R, Bulik T, Büsching I, Boutelier T, Carrigan S, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Cheesebrough A, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Costamante L, Dalton M, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Farnier C, Feinstein F, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Füsling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Gérard L, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Hadjichristidis C, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jung I, Katarzyński K, Kaufmann S, Kendziorra E, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Keogh D, Komin N, Kosack K, Lamanna G, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Marandon V, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Maurin D, McComb TJL, Medina C, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, de Oña Wilhelmi E, Orford KJ, Osborne JL, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Renaud M, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Ruppel J, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schröder R, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Skilton JL, Sol H, Spangler D, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Superina G, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A. Energy spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons at TeV energies. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:261104. [PMID: 19437632 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.261104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The very large collection area of ground-based gamma-ray telescopes gives them a substantial advantage over balloon or satellite based instruments in the detection of very-high-energy (>600 GeV) cosmic-ray electrons. Here we present the electron spectrum derived from data taken with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. In this measurement, the first of this type, we are able to extend the measurement of the electron spectrum beyond the range accessible to direct measurements. We find evidence for a substantial steepening in the energy spectrum above 600 GeV compared to lower energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
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Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Barres de Almeida U, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Behera B, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Bernlöhr K, Boisson C, Bochow A, Borrel V, Braun I, Brion E, Brucker J, Brun P, Bühler R, Bulik T, Büsching I, Boutelier T, Carrigan S, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Costamante L, Dalton M, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Farnier C, Feinstein F, Fiasson A, Förster A, Fontaine G, Füssling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Gérard L, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Hadjichristidis C, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jung I, Katarzyński K, Kaufmann S, Kendziorra E, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Keogh D, Komin N, Kosack K, Lamanna G, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Marandon V, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Maurin D, McComb TJL, Medina C, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, de Oña Wilhelmi E, Orford KJ, Osborne JL, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Renaud M, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Ruppel J, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schröder R, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Skilton JL, Sol H, Spangler D, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Superina G, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A. Limits on an energy dependence of the speed of light from a flare of the active galaxy PKS 2155-304. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:170402. [PMID: 18999724 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.170402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, several models have predicted an energy dependence of the speed of light in the context of quantum gravity. For cosmological sources such as active galaxies, this minuscule effect can add up to measurable photon-energy dependent time lags. In this Letter a search for such time lags during the High Energy Stereoscopic System observations of the exceptional very high energy flare of the active galaxy PKS 2155-304 on 28 July 2006 is presented. Since no significant time lag is found, lower limits on the energy scale of speed of light modifications are derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
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Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Bazer-Bachi AR, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Boisson C, Bolz O, Borrel V, Braun I, Brown AM, Bühler R, Büsching I, Carrigan S, Chadwick PM, Chounet LM, Coignet G, Cornils R, Costamante L, Degrange B, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Feinstein F, Ferrero E, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Funk S, Funk S, Füßling M, Gallant YA, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Goret P, Hadjichristidis C, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Kendziorra E, Kerschhaggl M, Khélifi B, Komin N, Konopelko A, Kosack K, Lamanna G, Latham IJ, Le Gallou R, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Masterson C, Maurin G, McComb TJL, Moulin E, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nolan SJ, Noutsos A, Orford KJ, Osborne JL, Ouchrif M, Panter M, Pelletier G, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Ranchon S, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Reimer A, Ripken J, Rob L, Rolland L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Saugé L, Schlenker S, Schlickeiser R, Schröder R, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Sol H, Spangler D, Spanier F, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Superina G, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tluczykont M, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Völk HJ, Wagner SJ, Ward M. Fast Variability of TeraElectron Volt γ Rays from the Radio Galaxy M87. Science 2006; 314:1424-7. [PMID: 17068224 DOI: 10.1126/science.1134408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The detection of fast variations of the tera-electron volt (TeV) (10(12) eV) gamma-ray flux, on time scales of days, from the nearby radio galaxy M87 is reported. These variations are about 10 times as fast as those observed in any other wave band and imply a very compact emission region with a dimension similar to the Schwarzschild radius of the central black hole. We thus can exclude several other sites and processes of the gamma-ray production. The observations confirm that TeV gamma rays are emitted by extragalactic sources other than blazars, where jets are not relativistically beamed toward the observer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. G. Akhperjanian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. R. Bazer-Bachi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Beilicke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Benbow
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Berge
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Boisson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - O. Bolz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - V. Borrel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - I. Braun
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. M. Brown
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Bühler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - I. Büsching
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Carrigan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P. M. Chadwick
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L.-M. Chounet
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Coignet
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Cornils
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L. Costamante
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Degrange
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. J. Dickinson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Djannati-Ataï
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L. O'C. Drury
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Dubus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Egberts
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Emmanoulopoulos
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P. Espigat
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Feinstein
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Ferrero
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Fiasson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Fontaine
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Seb. Funk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Funk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Füßling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Y. A. Gallant
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Giebels
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. F. Glicenstein
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P. Goret
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Hadjichristidis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Hauser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Hauser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Heinzelmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Henri
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. A. Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Hoffmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Holleran
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Hoppe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Horns
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Jacholkowska
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - O. C. de Jager
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Kendziorra
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Kerschhaggl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Khélifi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nu. Komin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Konopelko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Kosack
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Lamanna
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - I. J. Latham
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Le Gallou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Lemière
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Lemoine-Goumard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J.-P. Lenain
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Lohse
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. M. Martin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - O. Martineau-Huynh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Marcowith
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Masterson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Maurin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. J. L. McComb
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Moulin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. de Naurois
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Nedbal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. J. Nolan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Noutsos
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. J. Orford
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. L. Osborne
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Ouchrif
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Pelletier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Pita
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Pühlhofer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Punch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Ranchon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. C. Raubenheimer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Raue
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. M. Rayner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Reimer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Ripken
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L. Rob
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L. Rolland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Rosier-Lees
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Rowell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - V. Sahakian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Santangelo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L. Saugé
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Schlenker
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Schlickeiser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Schröder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - U. Schwanke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Schwarzburg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Schwemmer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Shalchi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Sol
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Spangler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Spanier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Steenkamp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Stegmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Superina
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P. H. Tam
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J.-P. Tavernet
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Terrier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Tluczykont
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. van Eldik
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Vasileiadis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Venter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. P. Vialle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P. Vincent
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. J. Völk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. J. Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Ward
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Post Office Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Bazer-Bachi AR, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Boisson C, Bolz O, Borrel V, Braun I, Breitling F, Brown AM, Bühler R, Büsching I, Carrigan S, Chadwick PM, Chounet LM, Cornils R, Costamante L, Degrange B, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Drury LO, Dubus G, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Feinstein F, Ferrero E, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Funk S, Funk S, Gallant YA, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Goret P, Hadjichristidis C, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Khélifi B, Komin N, Konopelko A, Kosack K, Latham IJ, Le Gallou R, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lohse T, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Masterson C, McComb TJL, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nolan SJ, Noutsos A, Orford KJ, Osborne JL, Ouchrif M, Panter M, Pelletier G, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ripken J, Rob L, Rolland L, Rowell G, Sahakian V, Saugé L, Schlenker S, Schlickeiser R, Schwanke U, Sol H, Spangler D, Spanier F, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Superina G, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Théoret CG, Tluczykont M, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vincent P, Völk HJ, Wagner SJ, Ward M. HESS observations of the galactic center region and their possible dark matter interpretation. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:221102. [PMID: 17155788 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.221102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The detection of gamma rays from the source HESS J1745-290 in the Galactic Center (GC) region with the High Energy Spectroscopic System (HESS) array of Cherenkov telescopes in 2004 is presented. After subtraction of the diffuse gamma-ray emission from the GC ridge, the source is compatible with a point source with spatial extent less than 1.2;{'}(stat) (95% C.L.). The measured energy spectrum above 160 GeV is compatible with a power law with photon index of 2.25+/-0.04(stat)+/-0.10(syst) and no significant flux variation is detected. It is finally found that the bulk of the very high energy emission must have non-dark-matter origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany
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