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Reichhardt CC, Bayles SA, Feuz R, Motsinger LA, Alberto AF, Okamoto LL, Brown BL, Briggs RK, Roholt BW, Bowman BR, Larsen R, Garcia MD, Thornton KJ. Relationship among cattle breed and anabolic implant protocol relative to feedlot performance: Growth, temperament, feeding behavior, carcass traits, and economic return. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2023; 84-85:106806. [PMID: 37392553 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2023.106806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has suggested that different cattle breed types may respond differently to anabolic implant protocols of varying intensity. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to compare anabolic implant protocols in feedlot steers of 2 different breed types. Sixty steers were stratified by weight and breed in a 2 × 3 factorial design examining 2 different breeds: Angus (AN; n=38) or Santa Gertrudis influenced (SG; n=22), and 3 implant strategies: no implant (CON; n=20), a moderate intensity implant protocol (d0 implant: Revalor-G, d56 implant: Revalor-IS, d112 implant: Revalor-S; MI; n=20), or a high intensity implant protocol (d0 implant: Revalor-IS, d56 implant: Revalor-S, d112 implant: Revalor-200; HI; n=20). Steers were randomly placed into pens equipped with GrowSafe bunks to collect dry matter intake and feeding behavior. All animals were fed the same diet. Weight, chute score, exit velocity, serum, rectal temperature, hip height and 12th rib fat thickness were collected approximately every 28 d over a 196 d period. Serum urea nitrogen (SUN) was evaluated as well. Total average daily gain was increased (P < 0.0001) in both the HI and MI steers compared to the CON steers by 29.4% and 26%, respectively. A treatment × breed interaction was observed (P < 0.0001) for hip height, with AN-CON steers being shorter (P < 0.0007) than AN-HI, SG-CON, SG-MI, and SG-HI steers. A breed × treatment interaction was observed (P < 0.004) for chute score and rectal temperature, with SG-HI and SG-MI steers having increased chute scores (P < 0.001) when compared to AN-HI, AN-MI, AN-CON, and SG-CON throughout the course of the trial. Additionally, SG-HI and SG-MI steers had an increased rectal temperature (P < 0.004) compared to AN-HI, AN-MI, AN-CON, and SG-CON steers. A breed effect was observed (P = 0.002) for SUN with AN steers having increased (P = 0.002) SUN concentration compared to SG sired steers, in addition to a treatment effect (P < 0.0001), with CON steers having a higher (P < 0.0001) SUN concentration than MI and HI steers, regardless of breed. The MI implant protocol increased net return per head, on average, by $97.28, regardless of breed, while the HI implant protocol increased net return by only $80.84. Taken together, despite the cattle breed types responding differently to the different anabolic implant protocols at times, a moderate intensity anabolic implant protocol was optimal in this experiment for steers raised in a temperate climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Reichhardt
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA; Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - S A Bayles
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - R Feuz
- Department of Applied Economics, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - L A Motsinger
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - A F Alberto
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - L L Okamoto
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - B L Brown
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - R K Briggs
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - B W Roholt
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - B R Bowman
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - R Larsen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - M D Garcia
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - K J Thornton
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
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Reichhardt CC, Cuthbert JM, Motsinger LA, Brady TJ, Briggs RK, Thomas AJ, Thornton KJ. Anabolic implants alter abundance of mRNA involved in muscle growth, metabolism, and inflammation in the longissimus of Angus steers in the feedlot. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2023; 82:106773. [PMID: 36375404 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The majority of beef cattle in the United States often receive at least one anabolic implant resulting in improved growth, feed efficiency, and environmental and economic sustainability. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms through which anabolic implants increase skeletal muscle growth of beef cattle remain elusive. The objective of this study was to identify transcriptional changes occurring in skeletal muscle of steers receiving anabolic implants containing different steroid hormones. Forty-eight steers were stratified by weight into 1 of 4 (n = 12/treatment) implant treatment groups: (1) estradiol (ImpE2; 25.7 mg E2; Compudose, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN), (2) trenbolone acetate (ImpTBA; 200 mg TBA; Finaplix-H, Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ), (3) combination (ImpETBA; 120 mg TBA + 24 mg E2; Revalor-S, Merck Animal Health), or (4) no implant (CON). Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken from the longissimus 2 and 10 d post-implantation. The mRNA abundance of 94 genes associated with skeletal muscle growth was examined. At 10 d post-implantation, steers receiving ImpETBA had greater (P = 0.02) myoblast differentiation factor 1 transcript abundance than CON. Citrate synthase abundance was increased (P = 0.04) in ImpETBA steers compared to CON steers. In ImpE2 steers 10 d post-implantation, muscle RING finger protein 1 decreased (P = 0.05) compared to CON steers, and forkhead box protein O4 decreased (P = 0.05) in ImpETBA steers compared to CON steers. Interleukin-6 abundance tended to be increased (P = 0.09) in ImpE2 steers compared to both ImpETBA and CON steers. Furthermore, interleukin-10 mRNA abundance tended to be increased (P = 0.06) in ImpTBA steers compared to ImpETBA steers. Leptin receptor abundance was reduced (P = 0.01) in both ImpE2 and ImpTBA steers when compared to CON steers. Abundance of phosphodiesterase 4B was increased (P = 0.04) in ImpTBA steers compared to CON steers 2 d post-implantation. Taken together, the results of this research demonstrate that estradiol increases skeletal muscle growth via pathways related to nutrient partitioning and mitochondria function, while trenbolone acetate improves steer skeletal muscle growth via pathways related to muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Reichhardt
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA; Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai`i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - J M Cuthbert
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA; Department of Biology, Westminster College, 1840 South 1300 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84105, USA
| | - L A Motsinger
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA; Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, 425 River Rd., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - T J Brady
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - R K Briggs
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - A J Thomas
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - K J Thornton
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
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Reichhardt CC, Ahmadpour A, Christensen RG, Ineck NE, Murdoch GK, Thornton KJ. Understanding the influence of trenbolone acetate and polyamines on proliferation of bovine satellite cells. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106479. [PMID: 32615508 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 90% of beef cattle on feed in the United States receive at least one anabolic implant, which results in increased growth, efficiency, and economic return to producers. However, the complete molecular mechanism through which anabolic implants function to improve skeletal muscle growth remains unknown. This study had 2 objectives: (1) determine the effect of polyamines and their precursors on proliferation rate in bovine satellite cells (BSC); and (2) understand whether trenbolone acetate (TBA), a testosterone analog, has an impact on the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. To address these, BSC were isolated from 3 finished steers and cultured. Once cultures reached 75% confluency, they were treated in 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and/or 10 nM TBA, 10 mM methionine (Met), 8 mM ornithine (Orn), 2 mM putrescine (Put), 1.5 mM spermidine (Spd), or 0.5 mM spermine (Spe). Initially, a range of physiologically relevant concentrations of Met, Orn, Put, Spd, and Spe were tested to determine experimental doses to implement the aforementioned experiments. One, 12, or 24 h after treatment, mRNA was isolated from cultures and abundance of paired box transcription factor 7 (Pax7), Sprouty 1 (Spry), mitogen-activated protein kinase-1 (Mapk), ornithine decarboxylase (Odc), and S adenosylmethionine (Amd1) were determined, and normalized to 18S. No treatment × time interactions were observed (P ≥ 0.05). Treatment with TBA, Met, Orn, Put, Spd, or Spe increased (P ≤ 0.05) BSC proliferation when compared with control cultures. Treatment of cultures with Orn or Met increased (P ≤ 0.01) expression of Odc 1 h after treatment when compared with control cultures. Abundance of Amd1 was increased (P < 0.01) 1 h after treatment in cultures treated with Spd or Spe when compared with 1% FBS controls. Cultures treated with TBA had increased (P < 0.01) abundance of Spry mRNA 12 h after treatment, as well as increased mRNA abundance of Mapk (P < 0.01) 12 h and 24 h after treatment when compared with 1% FBS control cultures. Treatment with Met increased (P < 0.01) mRNA abundance of Pax7 1 h after treatment as compared with 1% FBS controls. These results indicate that treatments of BSC cultures with polyamines and their precursors increase BSC proliferation rate, as well as abundance of mRNA involved in cell proliferation. In addition, treatment of BSC cultures with TBA, polyamines, or polyamine precursors impacts expression of genes related to the polyamine biosynthetic pathway and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Reichhardt
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - A Ahmadpour
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - R G Christensen
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - N E Ineck
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - G K Murdoch
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2330, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - K J Thornton
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
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Thornton KJ, Kamanga-Sollo E, White ME, Dayton WR. Active G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), matrix metalloproteinases 2/9 (MMP2/9), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (hbEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), erbB2, and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) are necessary for trenbolone acetate-induced alterations in protein turnover rate of fused bovine satellite cell cultures. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:2332-43. [PMID: 27285910 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trenbolone acetate (TBA), a testosterone analog, increases protein synthesis and decreases protein degradation in fused bovine satellite cell (BSC) cultures. However, the mechanism through which TBA alters these processes remains unknown. Recent studies indicate that androgens improve rate and extent of muscle growth through a nongenomic mechanism involving G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (hbEGF), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), erbB2, and the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). We hypothesized that TBA activates GPCR, resulting in activation of MMP2/9 that releases hbEGF, which activates the EGFR and/or erbB2. To determine whether the proposed nongenomic pathway is involved in TBA-mediated alterations in protein turnover, fused BSC cultures were treated with TBA in the presence or absence of inhibitors for GPCR, MMP2/9, hbEGF, EGFR, erbB2, or IGF-1R, and resultant protein synthesis and degradation rates were analyzed. Assays were replicated at least 9 times for each inhibitor experiment utilizing BSC cultures obtained from at least 3 different steers that had no previous exposure to steroid compounds. As expected, fused BSC cultures treated with 10 n TBA exhibited increased ( < 0.05) protein synthesis rates and decreased ( < 0.05) protein degradation rates when compared to control cultures. Treatment of fused BSC cultures with 10 n TBA in the presence of inhibitors for GPCR, MMP2/9, hbEGF, EGFR, erbB2, or IGF-1R suppressed ( < 0.05) TBA-mediated increases in protein synthesis rate. Alternatively, inhibition of GPCR, MMP2/9, hbEGF, EGFR, erbB2, or IGF-1R in the presence of 10 n TBA each had no ( > 0.05) effect on TBA-mediated decreases in protein degradation. However, inhibition of both EGFR and erbB2 in the presence of 10 n TBA resulted in decreased ( < 0.05) ability of TBA to decrease protein degradation rate. Additionally, fused BSC cultures treated with 10 n TBA exhibit increased ( < 0.05) pAKT protein levels. These data indicate the TBA-mediated increases in protein synthesis likely involve GPCR, MMP2/9, hbEGF, EGFR, erbB2, and IGF-1R. However, the mechanism through which TBA mediates changes in protein degradation is different and appears to involve only the EGFR and erbB2. Furthermore, it appears the protein kinase B pathway is involved in TBA's effects on fused BSC cultures.
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Mizell S, Miller SL, Royer AM, Thornton KJ, Garcia MD. Research Article Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms associated with growth and carcass traits located on QTL Regions previously associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease. Genet Mol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.4238/gmr16039843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Quarnberg SM, Legako JF, Gardner JM, McClellan JL, Gardner T, Gardner KT, Thornton KJ, McClain A, Raymond RC. Correlations between Steer Average Daily Gain, Carcass Measurements, Shear Force, and Descriptive Sensory Characteristics of Steaks. Meat and Muscle Biology 2017. [DOI: 10.22175/rmc2016.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Ineck NE, Christensen RG, Quarnberg SM, Rood KA, Carpenter CE, Legako JF, Thornton KJ. Impacts of Bovine Maternal Nutrition on Mirna Expression in Skeletal Muscle of the Progeny during Growth. Meat and Muscle Biology 2017. [DOI: 10.22175/rmc2017.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Kamanga-Sollo E, Thornton KJ, White ME, Dayton WR. Role of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 in estradiol 17β-induced alterations in protein synthesis and protein degradation rates in fused bovine satellite cell cultures. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017; 58:90-96. [PMID: 27769009 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In feedlot steers, estradiol-17β (E2) and combined E2 and trenbolone acetate (a testosterone analog) implants enhance rate and efficiency of muscle growth; and, consequently, these compounds are widely used as growth promoters in several countries. Treatment with E2 stimulates protein synthesis rate and suppresses protein degradation rate in fused bovine satellite cell (BSC) cultures; however, the mechanisms involved in these effects are not known with certainty. Although the genomic effects of E2 mediated through the classical estrogen receptors have been characterized, recent studies indicate that binding of E2 to the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER)-1 mediates nongenomic effects of E2 on cellular function. Our current data show that inhibition of GPER-1, matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2/9), or heparin binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (hbEGF) suppresses E2 stimulate protein synthesis rate in cultured BSCs (P < 0.001) suggesting that all of these are required in order for E2 to stimulate protein synthesis in these cultures. In contrast, inhibition of GPER-1, MMP2/9, or hbEGF has no effect on the ability of E2 to suppress protein degradation rates in fused BSC cultures indicating that these factors are not required in order for E2 to suppress protein degradation rate in these cells. Furthermore, treatment of fused BSC cultures with E2 increased (P < 0.05) pAKT levels indicating that the pAKT pathway may play a role in E2-stimulated effects on cultured BSC. In summary, our current data show that active GPER-1, MMP2/9, and hbEGF are necessary for E2-stimulated protein synthesis but not for E2-simulated suppression of protein degradation in cultured BSC. In addition, E2 treatment increases pAKT levels in cultured BSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kamanga-Sollo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - K J Thornton
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - M E White
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - W R Dayton
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Ineck NE, Christensen RG, Quarnberg SM, McClellan J, Legako JF, Thornton KJ. 0905 Heat shock protein expression differs in 14 d aged longissimus lumborum in agreement with Warner-Bratzler shear force values. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Quarnberg SM, Legako JF, Gardner JM, ZoBell DR, Carpenter CE, Rood KA, Thornton KJ. 0775 Effects of maternal dietary restriction during the second trimester on offspring growth and feedlot performance. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Thornton KJ, Kamange-Sollo E, White ME, Dayton WR. Role of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP9), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (hbEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), erbB2, and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) in trenbolone acetate-stimulated bovine satellite cell proliferation. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:4291-301. [PMID: 26440329 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Implanting cattle with steroids significantly enhances feed efficiency, rate of gain, and muscle growth. However, the mechanisms responsible for these improvements in muscle growth have not been fully elucidated. Trenbolone acetate (TBA), a testosterone analog, has been shown to increase proliferation rate in bovine satellite cell (BSC) cultures. The classical genomic actions of testosterone have been well characterized; however, our results indicate that TBA may also initiate a quicker, nongenomic response that involves activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) resulting in activation of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP9) that release membrane-bound heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (hbEGF), which then binds to and activates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and/or erbB2. Furthermore, the EGFR has been shown to regulate expression of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), which is well known for its role in modulating muscle growth. To determine whether this nongenomic pathway is potentially involved in TBA-stimulated BSC proliferation, we analyzed the effects of treating BSC with guanosine 5'-O-2-thiodiphosphate (GDPβS), an inhibitor of all GPCR; a MMP2 and MMP9 inhibitor (MMPI); CRM19, a specific inhibitor of hbEGF; AG1478, a specific EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor; AG879, a specific erbB2 kinase inhibitor; and AG1024, an IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor on TBA-stimulated proliferation rate (H-thymidine incorporation). Assays were replicated at least 9 times for each inhibitor experiment using BSC cultures obtained from at least 3 different animals. Bovine satellite cell cultures were obtained from yearling steers that had no previous exposure to androgenic or estrogenic compounds. As expected, BSC cultures treated with 10 n TBA showed ( < 0.05) increased proliferation rate when compared with control cultures. Additionally, treatment with 5 ng hbEGF/mL stimulated proliferation in BSC cultures ( < 0.05). Treatment with GDPβS, MMPI, CRM197, AG1024, AG1478, and/or AG879 all suppressed ( < 0.05) TBA-induced increases in proliferation. These data indicate that TBA likely initiates a nongenomic response involving GPCR, MMP2 and MMP9, hbEGF, EGFR, erbB2, and IGF-1R, which may play a role in TBA-mediated increases in BSC proliferation.
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Thornton KJ, Richard RP, Colle MJ, Doumit ME, de Veth MJ, Hunt CW, Murdoch GK. Effects of dietary potato by-product and rumen-protected histidine on growth, carcass characteristics and quality attributes of beef. Meat Sci 2015; 107:64-74. [PMID: 25965965 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that variable composition in finishing rations, more specifically; the proportion of potato-by-product (PBP) and rumen protected histidine (His) supplementation may influence growth and meat quality attributes. Two different diets were fed (1) finishing ration with corn and barley as grains (CB, n = 20) and (2) substitution of 10% corn, DM basis, with PBP (PBP, n = 20). Additionally, half of each dietary treatment received 50 g/hd/d rumen protected His (HS, n= 20) while the other half received no supplement (NS, n = 20). Inclusion of 10% PBP or HS did not affect growth or carcass traits. Color stability was analyzed using Hunter color values as well as AMSA visual appraisal in both longissimus thoracis (LT) and gluteus medius (GM) muscles. The LT, but not the GM, of CB steers was more color stable over a 9 d simulated retail display compared to those fed a PB diet. Steers receiving HS produced significantly (P < 0.05) more color stable LT and GM steaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Thornton
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States.
| | - R P Richard
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
| | - M J Colle
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
| | - M E Doumit
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
| | - M J de Veth
- Balchem Corporation, New Hampton, NY 10958, United States
| | - C W Hunt
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
| | - G K Murdoch
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
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Kamanga-Sollo E, Thornton KJ, White ME, Dayton WR. Role of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1, matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, and heparin binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor in estradiol-17β-stimulated bovine satellite cell proliferation. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2014; 49:20-6. [PMID: 25010024 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In feedlot steers, estradiol-17β (E2) and combined E2 and trenbolone acetate (a testosterone analog) implants enhance rate and efficiency of muscle growth; and, consequently, these compounds are widely used as growth promoters. Although the positive effects of E2 on rate and efficiency of bovine muscle growth are well established, the mechanisms involved in these effects are not well understood. Combined E2 and trenbolone acetate implants result in significantly increased muscle satellite cell number in feedlot steers. Additionally, E2 treatment stimulates proliferation of cultured bovine satellite cells (BSC). Studies in nonmuscle cells have shown that binding of E2 to G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER)-1 results in activation of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2/9) resulting in proteolytic release of heparin binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (hbEGF) from the cell surface. Released hbEGF binds to and activates the epidermal growth factor receptor resulting in increased proliferation. To assess if GPER-1, MMP2/9, and/or hbEGF are involved in the mechanism of E2-stimulated BSC proliferation, we have examined the effects of G36 (a specific inhibitor of GPER-1), CRM197 (a specific inhibitor of hbEGF), and MMP-2/MMP-9 Inhibitor II (an inhibitor of MMP2/9 activity) on E2-stimulated BSC proliferation. Inhibition of GPER-1, MMP2/9, or hbEGF suppresses E2-stimulated BSC proliferation (P < 0.001) suggesting that all these are required in order for E2 to stimulate BSC proliferation. These results strongly suggest that E2 may stimulate BSC proliferation by binding to GPER-1 resulting in MMP2/9-catalyzed release of cell membrane-bound hbEGF and subsequent activation of epidermal growth factor receptor by binding of released hbEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kamanga-Sollo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - K J Thornton
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - M E White
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - W R Dayton
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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14
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Welch CM, Thornton KJ, Murdoch GK, Chapalamadugu KC, Schneider CS, Ahola JK, Hall JB, Price WJ, Hill RA. An examination of the association of serum IGF-I concentration, potential candidate genes, and fiber type composition with variation in residual feed intake in progeny of Red Angus sires divergent for maintenance energy EPD1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5626-36. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Welch
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - K. J. Thornton
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - G. K. Murdoch
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - K. C. Chapalamadugu
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - C. S. Schneider
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - J. K. Ahola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523
| | - J. B. Hall
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - W. J. Price
- Statistical Programs, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - R. A. Hill
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
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15
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Thornton KJ, Welch CM, Davis LC, Doumit ME, Hill RA, Murdoch GK. Bovine sire selection based on maintenance energy affects muscle fiber type and meat color of F1 progeny1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:1617-27. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. J. Thornton
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - C. M. Welch
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - L. C. Davis
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - M. E. Doumit
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - R. A. Hill
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - G. K. Murdoch
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
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