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Wiegner TN, Edens CJ, Abaya LM, Carlson KM, Lyon-Colbert A, Molloy SL. Spatial and temporal microbial pollution patterns in a tropical estuary during high and low river flow conditions. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 114:952-961. [PMID: 27866724 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal patterns of coastal microbial pollution are not well documented. Our study examined these patterns through measurements of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), nutrients, and physiochemical parameters in Hilo Bay, Hawai'i, during high and low river flow. >40% of samples tested positive for the human-associated Bacteroides marker, with highest percentages near rivers. Other FIB were also higher near rivers, but only Clostridium perfringens concentrations were related to discharge. During storms, FIB concentrations were three times to an order of magnitude higher, and increased with decreasing salinity and water temperature, and increasing turbidity. These relationships and high spatial resolution data for these parameters were used to create Enterococcus spp. and C. perfringens maps that predicted exceedances with 64% and 95% accuracy, respectively. Mapping microbial pollution patterns and predicting exceedances is a valuable tool that can improve water quality monitoring and aid in visualizing FIB hotspots for management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Wiegner
- Marine Science Department. University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, United States.
| | - C J Edens
- Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science Graduate Program, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, United States.
| | - L M Abaya
- Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science Graduate Program, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, United States.
| | - K M Carlson
- Marine Science Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, United States.
| | - A Lyon-Colbert
- Amber Lyon-Colbert, M.S., Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, United States.
| | - S L Molloy
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, United States.
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Gaveau DLA, Curran LM, Paoli GD, Carlson KM, Wells P, Besse-Rimba A, Ratnasari D, Leader-Williams N. Examining protected area effectiveness in Sumatra: importance of regulations governing unprotected lands. Conserv Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263x.2011.00220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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3
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Carlson KM, Rutledge JM, Parker BR, Grifka RG. Use of tissue plasminogen activator for femoral artery thrombosis following transcatheter coil occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus. Pediatr Cardiol 2005; 26:83-6. [PMID: 15793657 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-004-0599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Femoral artery thrombosis is an uncommon but potentially serious complication following pediatric cardiac catheterization. Management options include heparin infusion, thrombolytic therapy, and surgical thrombectomy. The use of thrombolytic agents following coil occlusion of shunts, collaterals, and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may be successful in resolving the femoral arterial thrombosis but may also reopen the device-occluded vessel. We report the successful use of tissue plasminogen activator for management of femoral artery thrombosis in a child following transcatheter PDA coil occlusion in which the PDA remained occluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Carlson
- Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Cardiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin, MC 19345-C, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- G Arora
- Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Cardiology, Texas Children's Heart Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin Street, MC 19345C, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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5
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Carlson KM, Johnston TA, Jones TK, Grifka RG. Amplatzer septal occluder closure of secundum atrial septal defects in the presence of persistent left superior vena cava to coronary sinus. Pediatr Cardiol 2004; 25:686-9. [PMID: 15054553 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-003-0658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs) are routinely closed using transcatheter devices. In patients with left superior vena cava (LSVC) draining to the coronary sinus (CS), the device must not obstruct CS drainage. We report five cases of successful ASD device closure without obstructing flow from the LSVC or dilated CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Carlson
- Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin, MC 19345-C, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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6
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Le Corvoisier P, Park HY, Carlson KM, Donahue MP, Marchuk DA, Rockman HA. Impact of genetic polymorphisms on heart failure prognosis. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2003; 96:197-206. [PMID: 12722550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in genomic applications have led to a better understanding of the relationship between genetic background and cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure. The broad variability in heart failure patient outcome is in part secondary to modifier genes, i.e. genes that are not involved in the genesis of a disease but modify the severity of the phenotypic expression once the disease has developed. The strategy most commonly used to identify modifier genes is based on association studies between the severity of the phenotype and the sequence variation(s) of selected candidate gene(s). Using this strategy, several polymorphisms of the beta 1 and beta 2-adrenergic receptors genes and the angiotensin converting enzyme gene have been correlated to the prognosis of patients with heart failure. Recently, we have applied an experimental strategy, known as genome mapping, for the identification of heart failure modifier genes. Genome mapping has previously been used with success to identify the genes involved in the development of both monogenic and multifactorial diseases. We have shown that the prognosis of heart failure mice, induced through calsequestrin overexpression, is linked to two Quantitative Trait Loci localized on chromosomes 2 and 3. Using both strategies (candidate gene and genome mapping) should allow us to identify a number of modifier genes that may provide a more rational approach to identify patients with the worst prognosis and to predict their response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Le Corvoisier
- Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology and Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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7
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Odero MD, Carlson KM, Calasanz MJ, Rowley JD. Further characterization of complex chromosomal rearrangements in myeloid malignancies: spectral karyotyping adds precision in defining abnormalities associated with poor prognosis. Leukemia 2001; 15:1133-6. [PMID: 11455985 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Carlson KM, Browning JE, Eggleston MK, Gherman RB. Peripartum cardiomyopathy presenting as lower extremity arterial thromboembolism. A case report. J Reprod Med 2000; 45:351-3. [PMID: 10804495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although venous thromboembolism has been associated with peripartum cardiomyopathy, there have been no prior reports of lower extremity arterial thromboembolism complicating cardiac failure. CASE A 38-year-old woman, gradiva 5, para 5, presented on postpartum day 9 with left pedal parasthesia. Lower extremity angiography found acute thrombotic emboli in the left popliteal artery, right tibial artery and right peroneal artery. When respiratory decompensation ensued, a transthoracic echocardiogram revealed global hypokinesis and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 30%. The patient had an uneventful recovery after treatment with digoxin, furosemide and intravenous heparin. CONCLUSION Lower extremity arterial thromboembolism may be the initial manifestation of peripartum cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Carlson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, VA 23708-2197, USA
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Carlson KM, Vignon C, Bohlander S, Martinez-Climent JA, Le Beau MM, Rowley JD. Identification and molecular characterization of CALM/AF10fusion products in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2000; 14:100-4. [PMID: 10637483 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The t(10;11)(p12-p13;q14-q21) observed in a subset of patients with either acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia has been shown to result in the fusion of AF10 on chromosome 10 with CALM (also named CLTH) on chromosome 11. AF10 was originally identified as a fusion partner of MLL in the t(10;11)(p12-p13;q23) observed in myeloid leukemia. CALM is a newly isolated gene, cloned as the fusion partner of AF10 in the monocytoid cell line, U937. In order to understand the relationship between MLL, AF10, CALM and the leukemic process, fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were used to study a series of nine leukemia patients with a t(10;11). Six had myeloid leukemia (AML-M0, AML-M1, AML-M4 and AML-M5) and three had T cell lymphoblastic leukemia. We identified four different CALM/AF10 fusion products in five patients and AF10/CALM reciprocal message in one. We conclude that fusion of CALM and AF10 is a recurring abnormality in both lymphoid and myeloid leukemias of various types including AML-M5, and that the breakpoints in the two types of leukemia do not differ. Our data indicate that the CALM/AF10 fusion product on the der(10) chromosome is critical to leukemogenesis. Leukemia (2000) 14, 100-104.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Carlson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Mahgoub N, Taylor BR, Le Beau MM, Gratiot M, Carlson KM, Atwater SK, Jacks T, Shannon KM. Myeloid malignancies induced by alkylating agents in Nf1 mice. Blood 1999; 93:3617-23. [PMID: 10339466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (t-AML and MDS) are severe late complications of treatment with genotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are predisposed to malignant myeloid disorders that are associated with inactivation of the NF1 tumor suppressor gene in the leukemic clone. Recent clinical data suggest that NF1 might be also associated with an increased risk of t-AML after treatment with alkyating agents. To test this hypothesis, we administered cyclophosphamide or etoposide to cohorts of wild-type and heterozygous Nf1 knockout mice. Cyclophosphamide exposure cooperated strongly with heterozygous inactivation of Nf1 in myeloid leukemogenesis, while etoposide did not. Somatic loss of the normal Nf1 allele correlated with clinical disease and was more common in 129/Sv mice than in 129/Sv x C57BL/6 animals. Leukemic cells showing loss of heterozygosity at Nf1 retained a structural allele on each chromosome 11 homolog. These studies establish a novel in vivo model of alkylator-induced myeloid malignancy that will facilitate mechanistic and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mahgoub
- Departments of Pediatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Carlson KM, Gruber A, Liliemark E, Larsson R, Nordenskjöld M. Characterization of drug-resistant cell lines by comparative genomic hybridization. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1999; 111:32-6. [PMID: 10326588 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(98)00222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of resistance to cytostatic agents is a serious obstacle to the success of cancer therapy and has been the focus of many research efforts. Traditionally, cell lines are selectively cultured in the presence of cytostatic agents and the biochemical and cytogenetic properties of the cell lines are then analyzed. In order to better understand the mechanisms by which drug resistance is mediated, we have analyzed three cell lines, each derived from the parent line K562, which are resistant to vincristine, mitoxantrone, or idarubicin, using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). In each case, CGH successfully identified amplifications and/or deletions unique to the drug-resistant selected cell lines. Further characterization of the genetic regions identified in the CGH analysis could greatly contribute to our understanding of acquired drug resistance, and could potentially impact the clinical management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Carlson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Carlson KM, Bruder C, Nordenskjöld M, Dumanski JP. 1p and 3p deletions in meningiomas without detectable aberrations of chromosome 22 identified by comparative genomic hybridization. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1997; 20:419-24. [PMID: 9408760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningioma is a common tumor of the meninges covering the central nervous system. Although generally a benign tumor, meningioma often recurs and is malignant in 5-10% of all cases. Loss of chromosome 22 loci, and specifically inactivation of the NF2 tumor suppressor gene, is considered one of several critical steps in the tumorigenesis of meningioma. However, cytogenetic and molecular investigations have failed to detect either aberrations of chromosome 22 or mutations in the NF2 gene in approximately 40% of all tumors, thus making it apparent that an alternative mechanism(s) is responsible for the development of a large fraction of meningiomas. This subset of meningiomas is not distinct with regard to clinical and histopathological features from tumors showing deletions on chromosome 22. It is, therefore, important to attempt the elucidation of molecular pathway(s) that may operate in the tumorigenesis of these tumors. We used comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to identify regions of the genome other than chromosome 22, contributing to the development of meningioma. We analyzed 25 tumors that had undergone detailed LOH analysis on chromosome 22 and were shown to contain no detectable deletions. Two benign, malignancy grade I, meningiomas showed concurrent deletion of 1p and 3p. These results suggest that loss of both 1p and 3p may contribute to meningioma tumorigenesis. This may represent genetic changes that are alternative to deletions on chromosome 22.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Carlson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kusina NT, Meyer RL, Carlson KM, Wheaton JE. Passive immunization of ewes against an inhibin-like peptide increases follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations, ovulation rate, and prolificacy in spring-mated ewes. J Anim Sci 1995; 73:1433-9. [PMID: 7665374 DOI: 10.2527/1995.7351433x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine whether passive immunization against a synthetic inhibin-like peptide (alpha-IF) increases FSH secretion and reproductive performance of ewes bred in the spring. Crossbred ewes were assigned to three treatment groups of 10 ewes each. Progesterone-releasing pessaries (CIDR-G) were inserted and left in place for 12 d. The CIDR-G were removed on April 7 (0 h), and three rams were introduced. A single 1.8-mL i.m. injection containing 0, 315-, or 630-reference preparation-2 (RP-2) kU semipurified alpha-IF-antibody (Ab) was given at -48 h. Antibody solution was prepared by ammonium sulfate precipitation and concentration of ovine immune sera that had been generated against alpha-IF-human-alpha-globulin. After the alpha-IF-Ab injection, plasma alpha-IF-Ab titers and FSH concentrations increased within 6 h, peaked 12 to 24 h later, and then decreased. At 12 h after injection, FSH concentrations were increased (P = .05) 28 and 42% over control values in ewes injected with 315- and 630-RP-2 kU alpha-IF-Ab, respectively. All ewes expressed estrus and ovulated, except one control that did not ovulate. Ovulation rate (OR) was increased (P < .0001) by alpha-IF-Ab treatment. Mean OR was 1.0 in control ewes, 1.7 in ewes given 315-RP-2 kU, and 2.5 in ewes injected with 630-RP-2 kU. Fertility (ewes lambing/ewes exposed) from breeding at the induced-synchronized estrus tended (P = .09) to be greater for ewes injected with 630-RP-2 kU alpha-IF-Ab.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Kusina
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA
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Kusina NT, Meyer RL, Carlson KM, Wheaton JE. Effects of passive immunization of ewes against an inhibin-peptide on gonadotropin levels, ovulation rate, and prolificacy. Biol Reprod 1995; 52:878-84. [PMID: 7780010 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod52.4.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The experimental objectives were to determine whether injection of semi-purified (sp; ammonium sulfate-precipitated) and highly purified (hp; immunoaffinity-purified) ovine antibody (Ab) against an inhibin-peptide fragment (alpha-IF) before the preovulatory period would 1) stimulate FSH secretion in a dose-response manner, 2) induce an increase in ovulation rate, and 3) affect pregnancy rate and prolificacy (lambs born alive per ewe lambing). During the early breeding season, estrus was synchronized in 30 2-yr-old crossbred ewes through use of progesterone-releasing pessaries (CIDR-G). Two doses (330 and 660 laboratory reference preparation [RP-2] kU) of sp- and hp-alpha-IF-Ab were injected i.m. 48 h before CIDR-G removal (6 ewes per group). Six other ewes received control solution. Plasma alpha-IF-Ab titers peaked at 12 h postinjection. Plasma FSH levels were higher (p < 0.02) in alpha-IF-Ab-treated ewes than in control ewes from 12 to 24 h postimmunization. Magnitudes of FSH increases were similar in ewes administered sp- and hp-alpha-IF-Ab and were greater (p < 0.05) in ewes receiving 660 than in those receiving 330 RP-2 kU. Compared to control values, the higher alpha-IF-Ab dose increased FSH levels by 44 +/- 5% and the lower dose increased the levels by 22 +/- 3%. Plasma LH levels were similar among passively immunized and control sheep. Ovulation rate was increased (p < 0.0005) by alpha-IF-Ab treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Kusina
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA
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Carlson KM, Bracamontes J, Jackson CE, Clark R, Lacroix A, Wells SA, Goodfellow PJ. Parent-of-origin effects in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B. Am J Hum Genet 1994; 55:1076-82. [PMID: 7977365 PMCID: PMC1918453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN 2B) is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytomas, mucosal neuromas, ganglioneuromas, and skeletal and ophthalmic abnormalities. It is observed as both inherited and sporadic disease, with an estimated 50% of cases arising de novo. A single point mutation in the catalytic core region of the receptor tyrosine kinase, RET, has been observed in germ-line DNA of MEN 2B patients. We have analyzed 25 cases of de novo disease in order to determine the parental origin of the mutated RET allele. In all cases the new mutation was of paternal origin. We observe a distortion of the sex ratio in both de novo MEN 2B patients and the affected offspring of MEN 2B transmitting males. These results suggests a differential susceptibility of RET to mutation in paternally and maternally derived DNA and a possible role for imprinting of RET during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Carlson
- Division of Human Molecular Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Carlson KM, Dou S, Toshima K, Chi DD, Donis-Keller H. Three dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms closely linked to the RET protooncogene D10S1098, D10S1099 and D10S1100. Hum Mol Genet 1994; 3:1207. [PMID: 7981703 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/3.7.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K M Carlson
- Division of Human Molecular Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
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Carlson KM, Dou S, Chi D, Scavarda N, Toshima K, Jackson CE, Wells SA, Goodfellow PJ, Donis-Keller H. Single missense mutation in the tyrosine kinase catalytic domain of the RET protooncogene is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:1579-83. [PMID: 7906417 PMCID: PMC43203 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.4.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN 2B) is a human cancer syndrome characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytomas, mucosal neuromas, ganglioneuromas of the intestinal tract, and skeletal and ophthalmic abnormalities. It appears both as an inherited disorder and as de novo disease. Sequence analysis of germ-line DNA from MEN 2B patients revealed the existence of the same point mutation in the RET protooncogene in 34 unrelated individuals. This sequence difference was not observed in 93 unaffected individuals, including the normal parents of 14 de novo MEN 2B patients. The mutation (ATG-->ACG) results in the replacement of methionine with threonine within the catalytic core region of the tyrosine kinase domain. We propose that this amino acid replacement effects substrate interactions and results in dominant oncogenic activity by the RET protein. Missense mutations in the extracellular ligand-binding domain of the RET protooncogene previously have been associated with two other disorders [MEN 2A and familial MTC (FMTC)] in which MTC is observed. MEN 2B represents the third form of heritable MTC known to be an allele of RET. Alterations in two different functional domains of the putative receptor protein tyrosine kinase are implicated in development of MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Carlson
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
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Donis-Keller H, Dou S, Chi D, Carlson KM, Toshima K, Lairmore TC, Howe JR, Moley JF, Goodfellow P, Wells SA. Mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are associated with MEN 2A and FMTC. Hum Mol Genet 1993; 2:851-6. [PMID: 8103403 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/2.7.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 760] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC) are dominantly inherited conditions which predispose to the development of endocrine neoplasia. Evidence is presented that sequence changes within the coding region of the RET proto-oncogene, a putative transmembrane tyrosine kinase, may be responsible for the development of neoplasia in these inherited disorders. Single strand conformational variants (SSCVs) in exons 7 and 8 of the RET proto-oncogene were identified in eight MEN 2A and four FMTC families. The variants were observed only in the DNA of individuals who were either affected or who had inherited the MEN2A or FMTC allele as determined by haplotyping experiments. The seven variants identified were sequenced directly. All involved point mutations within codons specifying cysteine residues, resulting in nonconservative amino acid changes. Six of the seven mutations are located in exon 7. A single mutation was found in exon 8. Variants were not detected in four MEN 2B families studied for all exon assays available, nor were they detectable in 16 cases of well documented sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma or pheochromocytoma that were tested for exon 7 variants. Coinheritance of the mutations with disease and the physical and genetic proximity of the RET proto-oncogene provide evidence that RET is responsible for at least two of the three inherited forms of MEN 2. Neither the normal function, nor the ligand of RET are yet known. However, its apparent involvement in the development of these inherited forms of neoplasia as well as in papillary thyroid carcinoma suggest an important developmental or cell regulatory role for the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Donis-Keller
- Division of Human Molecular Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
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Wheaton JE, Carlson KM, Kusina NT. Active and passive immunoneutralization of inhibin increases follicle-stimulating hormone levels and ovulation rate in ewes. Biol Reprod 1992; 47:361-7. [PMID: 1511089 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod47.3.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of active and passive immunoneutralization of inhibin on FSH secretion and ovulation rate. A synthetic peptide (alpha-IF) matching the N-terminus of the alpha-subunit of ovine inhibin was coupled to human alpha-globulin (h alpha-G) and used as an immunogen. In experiment 1, estrus was synchronized in 10 sheep that had been actively immunized against alpha-IF-h alpha-G or h alpha-G. Plasma FSH levels were similar in the two groups of ewes at -52 and -48 h (0 h = onset of estrus). In alpha-IF-h alpha-G-immunized ewes, FSH increased from -48 to -44 h (18.8-22.1 ng/ml), and then fell to 16.2 ng/ml by 0 h. In h alpha-G-immunized ewes, FSH decreased from -48 to 0 h (17.6-7.2 ng/ml). Ovulation rate was higher in alpha-IF-h alpha-G- than h alpha-G-immunized ewes (9.4 vs. 2.4). In experiment 2, antibodies (Ab) were extracted from sera obtained from experiment 1 ewes and then were injected i.v. into 12 other ewes. Estrus was synchronized twice during the breeding season using progesterone-releasing pessaries (CIDR-G). One day before CIDR-G withdrawal, alpha-IF-h alpha-G and h alpha-G Ab were administered in a crossover design. After injection of Ab against alpha-IF-h alpha-G, plasma FSH increased from 0 to 24 h post-injection (10.9-21.5 ng/ml), after which levels fell to 14.2 ng/ml by onset of the preovulatory LH surge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Wheaton
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
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Hongerholt DD, Crooker BA, Wheaton JE, Carlson KM, Jorgenson DM. Effects of a growth hormone-releasing factor analogue and an estradiol-trenbolone acetate implant on somatotropin, insulin-like growth factor I, and metabolite profiles in growing Hereford steers. J Anim Sci 1992; 70:1439-48. [PMID: 1526912 DOI: 10.2527/1992.7051439x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereford steers (290 +/- 6 kg of BW) were implanted (n = 4) with 140 mg of trenbolone acetate (TBA) and 28 mg of estradiol-17 beta (E2 beta) or nonimplanted (controls, n = 4). In Trial 1, effects of a single i.v. injection of 0, 20, 40, or 80 micrograms of a growth hormone-releasing factor (1-29 NH2) analogue (GRFa) on release of endogenous somatotropin (ST) were evaluated in a double 4 x 4 Latin square design. Plasma samples (n = 21) were obtained from -20 to 240 min after GRFa injection. Area under the ST response curve (AUC) increased (P = .009) in a dose-dependent manner (.2, 2.6, 3.6, 4.3 mg.min-1.mL-1, respectively). Mean ST concentration was not affected (P = .238) by implant but AUC was greater (P = .009) in implanted than in control steers. There was no interaction (P = .460) between dose of GRFa and presence of implant. In Trial 2, 80 micrograms of GRFa was administered at 12-h intervals to the same eight steers. Response of ST (AUC) to the first and last (13th) i.v. injection of GRFa was similar and not affected by implant. Before GRFa administration, plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations were greater (P = .039) in implanted than in control steers (272 vs 164 ng/mL). Administration of GRFa increased plasma IGF-I (P = .0001), decreased plasma urea N (PUN) (P = .0001), and did not alter plasma glucose (P = .447) in both control and implanted steers. Data indicate that effects of GRFa and TBA/E2 beta on plasma IGF-I and PUN concentrations were additive in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Hongerholt
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
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Meyer RL, Carlson KM, Rivier J, Wheaton JE. Antiserum to an inhibin alpha-chain peptide neutralizes inhibin bioactivity and increases ovulation rate in sheep. J Anim Sci 1991; 69:747-54. [PMID: 1707868 DOI: 10.2527/1991.692747x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic fragment representing the N-terminal 25 amino acid residues of the alpha-subunit of ovine inhibin (alpha-IF) was coupled to human alpha-globulin (h alpha-G) and used as an antigen. In Exp. 1, ovine antiserum generated against alpha-IF-h alpha-G was shown in vitro to neutralize inhibin bioactivity contained in ovine follicular fluid. In Exp. 2, 18 lambs were immunized with .3, .6 and 1.2 mg alpha-IF-h alpha-G or equivalent doses of h alpha-G. Antibody titer to alpha-IF was detected only in serum from lambs immunized against alpha-IF-h alpha-G and was first detected 27 +/- 2 d after primary immunization. Thereafter, antibody titers increased steadily. The degree of antibody responses was unrelated to antigen dose and differed among lambs. Plasma FSH concentrations were unchanged, whereas LH concentrations were lower (P less than .001) in sheep immunized against alpha-IF-h alpha-G. Ovulation rate was increased (3.5 +/- .5 vs 1.5 +/- .1; P less than .01) in lambs immunized against alpha-IF-h alpha-G. Ovulation rate was similar among animals receiving different antigen doses and increased with time after primary immunization (P less than .01). At estrous periods occurring approximately 34, 50, 74 and 107 d after primary immunization, respective ovulation rates were 157, 169, 207 and 450% of control values. Ovulation rate and antibody titer were correlated positively (pooled r = .95; P less than .01) within lambs. In Exp. 3, three lambs were immunized with .25 mg unconjugated alpha-IF; this was nonantigenic. In conclusion, the use of a synthetic fragment of the alpha-subunit of ovine inhibin as a hapten elicits an antibody capable of neutralizing inhibin bioactivity in vitro and increasing ovulation rate in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Meyer
- University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
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Gascon GG, Staton RD, Patterson BD, Konewko PJ, Wilson H, Carlson KM, Brumback RA. A pilot controlled study of the use of imipramine to reduce myotonia. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1989; 68:215-20. [PMID: 2803681 DOI: 10.1097/00002060-198910000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that myotonic dystrophy is caused by a generalized disorder of membrane aminergic and petidergic receptors. A single uncontrolled study has suggested that the affective symptomatology and muscular disability of this disorder might be improved by tricyclic antidepressant treatment. In the present study, 12 adult patients with myotonic dystrophy (age range 18-55 yr) were treated with imipramine and placebo in a double-blind crossover paradigm. Both grip and percussion myotonia were significantly improved by imipramine treatment independent of change in depressive symptomatology. Serum drug levels revealed nonlinear elimination kinetics for imipramine in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Gascon
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Fargo
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Gregor RJ, Chong CA, Augsburger JJ, Eagle RC, Carlson KM, Jessup M, Wong S, Naids R. Endogenous Nocardia asteroides subretinal abscess diagnosed by transvitreal fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Retina 1989; 9:118-21. [PMID: 2672209 DOI: 10.1097/00006982-198909020-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The authors report a case of an endogenous Nocardia asteroides subretinal abscess in an immunosuppressed cardiac transplant recipient. On clinical grounds, the metastatic subretinal abscess was initially thought to be a fungal, atypical bacterial, or viral lesion. Transvitreal fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the lesion yielded a sufficient specimen for immediate preliminary identification of the microorganism and permitted prompt initiation of an appropriate antibiotic regimen. The definitive diagnosis was based on culture of the organism from the needle aspirate.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Gregor
- Oncology Unit, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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Brumback RA, Carlson KM, Wilson H, Staton RD. Psychiatric disorder in myotonia. Biol Psychiatry 1983; 18:603-4. [PMID: 6860733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
Intrafamilial and professional-family relationships are adversely affected by the progressive deterioration and inevitable death of a child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Professionals dealing with these families need to (1) develop an integrated, family systems approach to the dystrophic child's situation, (2) give the dystrophic child permission to “experiment” with life, and (3) provide straightforward information regarding the disease process to the dystrophic child and the family. More studies of the psychological disturbances in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and of possible intervention techniques are necessary.
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Abstract
Ultraviolet-radiation-induced DNA-repair replication was measured in wild-type, polA1, uvrD3, and polA1 uvrD3 strains of Escherichia coli K12. A large stimulation of repair replication was observed in the uvrD3 strain, compared to the wild-type and polA1 strains. This enhanced repair replication was reduced in the polA1 uvrD3 strain. Therefore, uvrD3 mutation appears to affect the amount of repair replication performed by DNA polymerase I. In the polA1 strain, there also appears to be an effect of the uvrD3 mutation on the amount of repair replication performed by DNA polymerase III (and/or II). The enhanced repair replication observed for the uvrD3 strains appears to be in response to the enhanced DNA degradation observed for these strains.
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Brumback RA, Carlson KM, Wilson H, Staton RD. Myotonic dystrophy as a disease of abnormal membrane receptors: an hypothesis of pathophysiology and a new approach to treatment. Med Hypotheses 1981; 7:1059-66. [PMID: 7026994 DOI: 10.1016/0306-9877(81)90101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Muscle weakness, clinical myotonia, and multiple systemic organ disturbances characterize myotonic dystrophy. Many of these systemic disturbances involve target organ insensitivity to aminergic or peptidergic (hormonal) stimulation. Reduced density or impaired function of aminergic and peptidergic (hormonal) receptors throughout the body may underlie this disorder. Tricyclic antidepressant augmentation of aminergic function ameliorates depressive symptoms, increases strength, and improves clinical myotonia in myotonic dystrophy patients.
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Abstract
Partially replicated T4 DNA molecules (PRM) whose parental or progeny DNA was labeled with bromodeoxyuridine BUdR was analyzed by gradual shearing followed by CsCl banding of the sheared product. Analysis of PRM containing 18-mum replicated DNA showed that each replicated region was 3- to 6-mum long, indicating three to 6 replicative sites per molecule. Analysis of PRM containing 9-mum replicated DNA similarly indicated two to three replicated regions per molecule. DNA from the replicated regions of PRM containing 10-mum replicated DNA ("donor") was hybridized to DNA from mature phage ("recipient"), and the resulting hybrid was subjected to digestion with exonuclease I. The extent of protection of the recipient and more efficient self-annealing of progeny fragments from PRM indicated that the replicated regions represented 8 to 10 nonrandom locations of the genome. Possible significance of multiple sites for initiation of DNA replication is discussed.
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