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Wu B, Li Y, Xu LJ, Zhang Z, Zhou JH, Wei Y, Chen C, Wang J, Wu CZ, Li Z, Hu ZY, Long FY, Wu YD, Hu XH, Li KX, Li FY, Luo YF, Liu YC, Lyu YB, Shi XM. [Association of sleep duration and physical exercise with dyslipidemia in older adults aged 80 years and over in China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2024; 45:48-55. [PMID: 38228524 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20231007-00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the impact of sleep duration, physical exercise, and their interactions on the risk of dyslipidemia in older adults aged ≥80 (the oldest old) in China. Methods: The study subjects were the oldest old from four rounds of Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study (2008-2009, 2011-2012, 2014 and 2017-2018). The information about their demographic characteristics, lifestyles, physical examination results and others were collected, and fasting venous blood samples were collected from them for blood lipid testing. Competing risk model was used to analyze the causal associations of sleep duration and physical exercise with the risk for dyslipidemia. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) function was used to explore the dose-response relationship between sleep duration and the risk for dyslipidemia. Additive and multiplicative interaction model were used to explore the interaction of sleep duration and physical exercise on the risk for dyslipidemia. Results: The average age of 1 809 subjects was (93.1±7.7) years, 65.1% of them were women. The average sleep duration of the subjects was (8.0±2.5) hours/day, 28.1% of them had sleep duration for less than 7 hours/day, and 27.2% had sleep for duration more than 9 hours/day at baseline survey. During the 9-year cumulative follow-up of 6 150.6 person years (follow-up of average 3.4 years for one person), there were 304 new cases of dyslipidemia, with an incidence density of 4 942.6/100 000 person years. The results of competitive risk model analysis showed that compared with those who slept for 7-9 hours/day, the risk for dyslipidemia in oldest old with sleep duration >9 hours/day increased by 22% (HR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.07-1.39). Compared with the oldest old having no physical exercise, the risk for dyslipidemia in the oldest old having physical exercise decreased by 33% (HR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.57-0.78). The RCS function showed a linear positive dose-response relationship between sleep duration and the risk for hyperlipidemia. The interaction analysis showed that physical exercise and sleep duration had an antagonistic effect on the risk for hyperlipidemia. Conclusion: Physical exercise could reduce the adverse effects of prolonged sleep on blood lipids in the oldest old.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y Li
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - L J Xu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - J H Zhou
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y Wei
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - C Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - J Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - C Z Wu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Z Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Z Y Hu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - F Y Long
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y D Wu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - X H Hu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - K X Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - F Y Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y F Luo
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y C Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y B Lyu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - X M Shi
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
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Li KX, Wu QB, Zhao FQ, Zhang JL, Luo SL, Hu SD, Wu B, Li HL, Lin GL, Qiu HZ, Lu JY, Xu L, Wang Z, Du XH, Kang L, Wang X, Wang ZQ, Liu Q, Xiao Y. [Development and validation of a prognostic prediction model for patients with stage Ⅰ to Ⅲ colon cancer incorporating high-risk pathological features]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 61:753-759. [PMID: 37491167 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20230403-00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine a predictive model that incorporating high risk pathological factors for the prognosis of stage Ⅰ to Ⅲ colon cancer. Methods: This study retrospectively collected clinicopathological information and survival outcomes of stage Ⅰ~Ⅲ colon cancer patients who underwent curative surgery in 7 tertiary hospitals in China from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. A total of 1 650 patients were enrolled, aged (M(IQR)) 62 (18) years (range: 14 to 100). There were 963 males and 687 females. The median follow-up period was 51 months. The Cox proportional hazardous regression model was utilized to select high-risk pathological factors, establish the nomogram and scoring system. The Bootstrap resampling method was utilized for internal validation of the model, the concordance index (C-index) was used to assess discrimination and calibration curves were presented to assess model calibration. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves after risk grouping, and Cox regression was used to compare disease-free survival between subgroups. Results: Age (HR=1.020, 95%CI: 1.008 to 1.033, P=0.001), T stage (T3:HR=1.995,95%CI:1.062 to 3.750,P=0.032;T4:HR=4.196, 95%CI: 2.188 to 8.045, P<0.01), N stage (N1: HR=1.834, 95%CI: 1.307 to 2.574, P<0.01; N2: HR=3.970, 95%CI: 2.724 to 5.787, P<0.01) and number of lymph nodes examined (≥36: HR=0.438, 95%CI: 0.242 to 0.790, P=0.006) were independently associated with disease-free survival. The C-index of the scoring model (model 1) based on age, T stage, N stage, and dichotomous variables of the lymph nodes examined (<12 and ≥12) was 0.723, and the C-index of the scoring model (model 2) based on age, T stage, N stage, and multi-categorical variables of the lymph nodes examined (<12, 12 to <24, 24 to <36, and ≥36) was 0.726. A scoring system was established based on age, T stage, N stage, and multi-categorical variables of lymph nodes examined, the 3-year DFS of the low-risk (≤1), middle-risk (2 to 4) and high-risk (≥5) group were 96.3% (n=711), 89.0% (n=626) and 71.4% (n=313), respectively. Statistically significant difference was observed among groups (P<0.01). Conclusions: The number of lymph nodes examined was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival after curative surgery in patients with stage Ⅰ to Ⅲ colon cancer. Incorporating the number of lymph nodes examined as a multi-categorical variable into the T and N staging system could improve prognostic predictive validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K X Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Q B Wu
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - F Q Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - J L Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - S L Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - S D Hu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - B Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - H L Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - G L Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - H Z Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - J Y Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - L Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - X H Du
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - L Kang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Z Q Wang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Li KX, Wang Q, Li XQ, Wang LL. [Limbal stem cell-sparing lamellar keratoplasty for advanced keratoglobus in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta: a case report]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2023; 59:302-304. [PMID: 37012594 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20220731-00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
This 15-year-old male patient has been diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta through genetic testing after birth and has poor vision. His full corneas in both eyes are unevenly thinned and bulging in a spherical shape, with the right eye being more severe. He underwent a limbal stem cell-sparing lamellar keratoplasty in the right eye, resulting in improved vision with a corrected visual acuity of 0.5, a decrease in corneal curvature, and a significant increase in corneal thickness. The surgery had a satisfactory outcome. The condition of the left eye is progressing and will require further surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K X Li
- The Ophthalmology Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Q Wang
- The Ophthalmology Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - X Q Li
- The Ophthalmology Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - L L Wang
- The Ophthalmology Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Yu SY, He X, Tian ZL, Li KX, Chen H, Wang HM, Shi ZS, Zhu S, Cui ZC. Effect of Collagen-Reactive Functional Monomer on Etch-and-Rinse Adhesives. J Dent Res 2023; 102:287-294. [PMID: 36474440 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221134278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated a novel functional monomer (4-formylphenyl acrylate [FA]) that can specifically and covalently bind to the dentin collagen matrix as a potential alternative hydrophobic diluent-like monomer for improving the durability of dentin bonding. Experimental adhesives with different FA contents (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) were evaluated as partial substituents for the hydrophilic monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, with the commercial adhesive One-Step (Bisco, Inc.) employed as the positive control. Their degree of conversion, viscosity, hydrophobicity, mechanical properties, and water absorption/solubility were measured as the comprehensive characterization. In situ zymographic assays were performed to determine the extent to which FA inhibits the endogenous hydrolytic activity of dentin. Finally, the bonding performances of the novel adhesives were evaluated with microtensile strength tests and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the incorporation of FA significantly improved the mobility of experimental adhesives attributable to the dilution property of FA. In contrast to the possible compromised rate of polymerization by hydroxyethyl methacrylate, FA exhibited typical characteristics of favorable copolymerization with polymerizable monomers in adhesives and improved the degree of conversion of experimental adhesives. The rigidity and hydrophobic properties of the phenyl framework of the FA molecule conferred superior mechanical properties and hydrolysis resistance to the novel experimental adhesives. An inhibitory effect on gelatinolytic activities within the hybrid layer was also observed in the in situ zymographic assays, even at a low FA concentration (10%). In conjunction with the significantly improved infiltration found via scanning electron microscopy, the experimental adhesives containing FA possessed significantly better-maintained microtensile strength, even after aging. Thus, the incorporation of this novel monomer endowed the experimental adhesives with multiple enhanced functionalities. These remarkable advantages highlight the suitability of the monomer for further applications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Yu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X He
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Z L Tian
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - K X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structures and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - H M Wang
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Z S Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structures and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - S Zhu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Z C Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structures and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Guo YC, Sun R, Wu B, Lin GL, Qiu HZ, Li KX, Hou WY, Sun XY, Niu BZ, Zhou JL, Lu JY, Cong L, Xu L, Xiao Y. [Risk factors of postoperative surgical site infection in colon cancer based on a single center database]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022; 25:242-249. [PMID: 35340174 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn441530-20210910-00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the incidence and risk factors of postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) after colon cancer surgery. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed. Patients diagnosed with colon cancer who underwent radical surgery between January 2016 and May 2021 were included, and demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory tests, surgical data and postoperative complications were extracted from the specialized prospective database at Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Case exclusion criteria: (1) simultaneously multiple primary colon cancer; (2) segmental resection, subtotal colectomy, or total colectomy; (3) patients undergoing colostomy/ileostomy during the operation or in the state of colostomy/ileostomy before the operation; (4) patients receiving natural orifice specimen extraction surgery or transvaginal colon surgery; (5) patients with the history of colectomy; (6) emergency operation due to intestinal obstruction, perforation and acute bleeding; (7) intestinal diversion operation; (8) benign lesions confirmed by postoperative pathology; (9) patients not following the colorectal clinical pathway of our department for intestinal preparation and antibiotic application. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used to determine the risk factors of SSI after colon cancer surgery. Results: A total of 1291 patients were enrolled in the study. 94.3% (1217/1291) of cases received laparoscopic surgery. The incidence of overall SSI was 5.3% (69/1291). According to tumor location, the incidence of SSI in the right colon, transverse colon, left colon and sigmoid colon was 8.6% (40/465), 5.2% (11/213), 7.1% (7/98) and 2.1% (11/515) respectively. According to resection range, the incidence of SSI after right hemicolectomy, transverse colectomy, left hemicolectomy and sigmoid colectomy was 8.2% (48/588), 4.5% (2/44), 4.8% (8 /167) and 2.2% (11/492) respectively. Univariate analysis showed that preoperative BUN≥7.14 mmol/L, tumor site, resection range, intestinal anastomotic approach, postoperative diarrhea, anastomotic leakage, postoperative pneumonia, and anastomotic technique were related to SSI (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that anastomotic leakage (OR=22.074, 95%CI: 6.172-78.953, P<0.001), pneumonia (OR=4.100, 95%CI: 1.546-10.869, P=0.005), intracorporeal anastomosis (OR=5.288, 95%CI: 2.919-9.577,P<0.001) were independent risk factors of SSI. Subgroup analysis showed that in right hemicolectomy, the incidence of SSI in intracorporeal anastomosis was 19.8% (32/162), which was significantly higher than that in extracorporeal anastomosis (3.8%, 16/426, χ(2)=40.064, P<0.001). In transverse colectomy [5.0% (2/40) vs. 0, χ(2)=0.210, P=1.000], left hemicolectomy [5.4% (8/148) vs. 0, χ(2)=1.079, P=0.599] and sigmoid colectomy [2.1% (10/482) vs. 10.0% (1/10), χ(2)=2.815, P=0.204], no significant differences of SSI incidence were found between intracorporeal anastomosis and extracorporeal anastomosis (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The incidence of SSI increases with the resection range from sigmoid colectomy to right hemicolectomy. Intracorporeal anastomosis and postoperative anastomotic leakage are independent risk factors of SSI. Attentions should be paid to the possibility of postoperative pneumonia and actively effective treatment measures should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100006, China Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - R Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100006, China
| | - B Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100006, China
| | - G L Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100006, China
| | - H Z Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100006, China
| | - K X Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100006, China
| | - W Y Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100006, China
| | - X Y Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100006, China
| | - B Z Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100006, China
| | - J L Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100006, China
| | - J Y Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100006, China
| | - L Cong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100006, China
| | - L Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Y Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100006, China
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Yu SY, Zhang JH, Li KX, Chen H, Wang HM, He X, Shi ZS, Zhu S, Cui ZC. A Novel Chemical Binding Primer to Improve Dentin Bonding Durability. J Dent Res 2022; 101:777-784. [PMID: 35114828 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221074910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentin collagen matrix that is not completely enveloped by resin adhesive is vulnerable to degradation by intrinsic collagenases during the etch-and-rinse process, which contributes to the deterioration of the bonding interface. Current commercial adhesives have no functional components that can form covalent bonds to the dentin collagen matrix. In this study, a photocurable aldehyde, 4-formylphenyl acrylate (FA), was synthesized and for the first time applied as a primer in adhesive dentistry to covalently bind to collagen. Experimental groups with different concentrations of FA (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%) were prepared as primers. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by live/dead-cell staining and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay. The interaction of FA with collagen was examined by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydroxyproline release under the degradation of type I collagenase, and thermogravimetric analysis. An optimal group was selected based on the degree of conversion of 2 universal adhesives and further divided depending on the treatment time (20 s, 30 s, 1 min, 2 min). The bonding performances were evaluated by microtensile strength before and after aging. Finally, the bonding interface was observed under confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that FA demonstrated good biocompatibility, dentin modification capability, and infiltration. It not only effectively cross-linked dentin collagen to improve its stability against enzymatic hydrolysis and modify the adhesive interface but also potentially acted as a diluting monomer to induce deep penetration of adhesive resin monomers into the dentin. The bonding strength after aging was improved without jeopardizing the degree of conversion of 2 commercial adhesives. Such prominent advantages of using FA to improve the bonding performance promotes its further application in adhesive dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Yu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - J H Zhang
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - K X Li
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - H M Wang
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - X He
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Z S Shi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - S Zhu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Z C Cui
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Liu LW, Liu JM, Luo J, Yang RY, Li KX, Zhu ZJ, Sun LY, Zhao XY. [Dysregulated proportion of intrahepatic Treg cells and Th17 along with CD8+ T lymphocytes drives disease progression after kasai biliary atresia surgery]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2021; 29:150-155. [PMID: 33685084 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20200216-00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and intrahepatic immune cells infiltration condition after Kasai biliary atresia surgery. Methods: Data of 28 cases who underwent liver transplantation in the liver transplantation center of our hospital from June 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled. Of which, 20 cases were in the biliary atresia group (divided into two subgroups: 10 cases without Kasai surgery and 10 cases after Kasai surgery, and latter subsided cholestasis) and 8 cases in the control group. Clinical and pathological morphological characteristics of the groups were compared. Liver tissue sections were stained with immunohistochemistry and CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, Foxp3, and interleukin-17A were quantitatively analyzed. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to measure the above indicators, and rank-sum test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare the count data. Results: The degree of clinical and pathological cholestasis in the biliary atresia group after Kasai surgery was significantly lower than that of the group without Kasai surgery, and the degree of liver fibrosis was also significantly reduced (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of inflammation in the portal vein area between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the types of immune cells infiltrated in the liver (P < 0.05). Compared with the group without Kasai surgery, the infiltration of CD3, CD8, IL-17A and Foxp3 positive cells in the portal vein area after Kasai surgery group (P < 0.05) was significantly reduced, but there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of Foxp3/CD4 positive cells between the two groups (P > 0.05), which continued to be lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the non-Kasai surgery group, the proportion of Foxp3/IL-17A and Foxp3/CD8 positive cells in the portal vein area did not increase significantly after Kasai surgery group (P > 0.05), and remained lower than the control group. However, the proportion of Foxp3/IL-17A and Foxp3/CD8 positive cells was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Intrahepatic inflammatory cell infiltration and regulatory/effector T lymphocyte proportion dysregulation exist in patients with subsided cholestasis after Kasai biliary atresia surgery, which may be an important factor to promote the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - J M Liu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Ontario L8S4L8, Canada
| | - J Luo
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - R Y Yang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - K X Li
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Z J Zhu
- Liver Transplant Center, Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - L Y Sun
- Liver Transplant Center, Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - X Y Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
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Wang JS, Hu HJ, Xu YB, Wang DC, Jiang L, Li KX, Wang YY, Zhan XA. Effects of posthatch feed deprivation on residual yolk absorption, macronutrients synthesis, and organ development in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5587-5597. [PMID: 33142476 PMCID: PMC7647868 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the research was to evaluate the dynamic changes of early posthatch starvation on residual yolk absorption, synthesis of macronutrients (protein, lipid, and glycogen), and organ development in broiler chicks. A total of 720 1-day-old chicks (Lingnan Yellow) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments: group A (nonfasted), group B (fasting for 24 h after placement), and group C (fasting for 48 h after placement). The trial lasted for 168 h, and water was provided ad libitum all the time. Sampling was performed at 0, 24, 48, 72, 120, and 168 h. Nonfasting (group A) promoted (P < 0.05) the absorption of amino acids, fatty acids, mineral elements, protein, and maternal antibody in the residual yolk of broiler chicks. The concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 in plasma and the liver was higher (P < 0.05) in group A. Nonfasting enhanced (P < 0.05) the synthesis of protein and glycogen in the breast muscle and liver; the relative weights of the liver, pancreas, and spleen; and body weight, but retarded (P < 0.05) the synthesis of triglyceride in the liver. The results indicated that nonfasting (group A) after placement promoted the absorption of residual yolk and synthesis of protein and glycogen in the breast muscle and liver, whereas early feed deprivation promoted the synthesis of lipid in the liver. Thereby, nonfasting after placement promoted organ development and body growth of broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Wang
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - H J Hu
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Inc., Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Y B Xu
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - D C Wang
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - L Jiang
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - K X Li
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Y Y Wang
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X A Zhan
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Chang KW, Li KX, Xie LH, Otieno JN, Sunday O, Udensi UE, Igbeneghu C, Adedokun SA, Akindele AA, Olisekodiaka JM, Idolor DE, Ojurongbe O, Nnamonu EI, Nkitnam EE, Ugwu FJ, Ejilibe OC, Ezenwosu SU, Ogbodo GU, Guimaraes RR, Junior RRG, Buys S, Storti HRR, Guimarães RR, Wermelinger ED, Carvalho RW, Izah SC, Richard G, Sunday EM, Idiong MO, Usua EJ, Dash N, Dangar TK, Ahmed MR, Asna SMZH, Rokeya B, Sayeed MA, Mosihuzzaman M, Ukibe SN, Ukibe NR, Obi-okaro AC, Iwueze MO, El-aty AMA, El-dib MA. Recent Advances in Biological Research Vol. 6. 2020. [DOI: 10.9734/bpi/rabr/v6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Zhao RX, Cai CH, Wang P, Zheng L, Wang JS, Li KX, Liu W, Guo XY, Zhan XA, Wang KY. Effect of night light regimen on growth performance, antioxidant status and health of broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 32:904-911. [PMID: 30381741 PMCID: PMC6498082 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of night light regimen on growth performance, antioxidant status and health of Lingnan Yellow broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age. Methods A completely randomized factorial design involved 2 photoperiods (constant lighting [CL], 24 L:0 D and intermittent lighting [INL], 17 L:3 D:1 L:3 D)×2 light intensities (10 lx and 30 lx). A total of one thousand six hundred and eighty 1-d-old Lingnan Yellow broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates (70 birds per replicate). The experiment lasted for 21 d. Results Photoperiods and light intensities had no effect on average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality of the broiler chickens (p>0.05). The INL had a significant effect on average daily feed intake (p<0.05) of broiler chickens compared with CL. Photoperiod and light intensity had an interactive effect on melatonin (MT) concentration (p<0.05). At CL, reducing light intensity increased MT concentration; INL birds had higher MT but MT concentration was not affected by light intensity. There was an interactive effect on glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) in serum and total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) in liver between photoperiod and light intensity. With the decrease of light intensity, the activities of GPx and CAT in serum and T-AOC in liver increased in CL group (p<0.05). Broiler chickens reared under INL had better antioxidant status and 10 lx treatments had higher activities of CAT in serum than 30 lx (p<0.05). Different photoperiods and light intensities had no effect on malondialdehyde. There was an interaction between photoperiod and light intensity on serum creatine kinase (CK) concentration (p<0.05). At CL, the elevated light intensity resulted in an increase in CK content; INL birds had lower CK concentration especially in low light intensity group. Besides, INL and low light intensity significantly reduced the concentration of serum corticosterone and heat shock protein 70 (p<0.05). Serum immunoglobulin M contents were increased in broiler chickens reared under the INL compared with CL group (p<0.05). Conclusion Results above suggest that the night light regimen of INL and 10 lx could be beneficial to the broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age due to the better health status and electricity savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R X Zhao
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - C H Cai
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - P Wang
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - L Zheng
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - J S Wang
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - K X Li
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - W Liu
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X Y Guo
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X A Zhan
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - K Y Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zhao YZ, Li KX, Ding SY, Zhu M, Ren HP, Ma Q, Guo Z, Tian SP, Zhang HQ, Miao ZC. The Effect of Reduction Potential on the Generation
of the Perylene Diimide Radical Anions. Russ J Phys Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s003602441807035x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang JS, Guo TY, Wang YX, Li KX, Wang Q, Zhan XA. Effects of first feed intake time on growth performance, nutrient apparent metabolic rate and intestinal digestive enzyme activities in broilers. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 31:899-904. [PMID: 29268583 PMCID: PMC5933989 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Li KX, Wang JS, Yuan D, Zhao RX, Wang YX, Zhan XA. Effects of different selenium sources and levels on antioxidant status in broiler breeders. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 31:1939-1945. [PMID: 29879825 PMCID: PMC6212737 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted with the objectives to examine the impacts of inorganic selenium (Se) and different types and levels of organic selenium on the serum and tissues Se status and antioxidant capacity in broiler breeders. METHODS Five hundred and forty 48-wk-old Lingnan Yellow broiler breeders were randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments, provided same basal diet (0.04 mg/kg of Se) with 0.15 mg/kg, or 0.30 mg/kg of Se from sodium selenite (SS) or from selenium-enriched yeast (SY) or from selenomethionine (SM). The broiler breeders were slaughtered after an 8-wk experiment. RESULTS The results showed that SM was better than SY and SS, 0.30 mg/kg level was better than 0.15 mg/kg level in Se deposition (p<0.05) in serum, liver, kidney, pancreas and muscle; in antioxidant status, organic selenium had better effects than SS in broiler breeders (p<0.05), but SM and SY had a similar result, and 0.15 mg/kg level was better than 0.30 mg/kg (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The results demonstrated the evident advantage of supplementation of broiler breeders with 0.15 mg/kg SM, which improved tissue Se concentrations and antioxidant status, and can be considered as the best selenium source.
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Affiliation(s)
- K X Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - J S Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - D Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - R X Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Y X Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A and F University, Linan 311300, China
| | - X A Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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He Y, Jones HD, Chen S, Chen XM, Wang DW, Li KX, Wang DS, Xia LQ. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum cv Stewart) with improved efficiency. J Exp Bot 2010; 61:1567-81. [PMID: 20202997 PMCID: PMC2852660 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An efficient Agrobacterium-mediated durum wheat transformation system has been developed for the production of 121 independent transgenic lines. This improved system used Agrobacterium strain AGL1 containing the superbinary pGreen/pSoup vector system and durum wheat cv Stewart as the recipient plant. Acetosyringone at 400 microM was added to both the inoculation and cultivation medium, and picloram at 10 mg l(-1) and 2 mg l(-1) was used in the cultivation and induction medium, respectively. Compared with 200 microM in the inoculation and cultivation media, the increased acetosyringone concentration led to significantly higher GUS (beta-glucuronidase) transient expression and T-DNA delivery efficiency. However, no evident effects of acetosyringone concentration on regeneration frequency were observed. The higher acetosyringone concentration led to an improvement in average final transformation efficiency from 4.7% to 6.3%. Furthermore, the concentration of picloram in the co-cultivation medium had significant effects on callus induction and regeneration. Compared with 2 mg l(-1) picloram in the co-cultivation medium, increasing the concentration to 10 mg l(-1) picloram resulted in improved final transformation frequency from 2.8% to 6.3%, with the highest frequency of 12.3% reached in one particular experiment, although statistical analysis showed that this difference in final transformation efficiency had a low level of significance. Stable integration of foreign genes, their expression, and inheritance were confirmed by Southern blot analyses, GUS assay, and genetic analysis. Analysis of T(1) progeny showed that, of the 31 transgenic lines randomly selected, nearly one-third had a segregation ratio of 3:1, while the remainder had ratios typical of two or three independently segregating loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. He
- Institute of Crop Science/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - H. D. Jones
- Centre for Crop Genetic Improvement, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - S. Chen
- Institute of Crop Science/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - X. M. Chen
- Institute of Crop Science/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - D. W. Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - K. X. Li
- Centre for Crop Genetic Improvement, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - D. S. Wang
- Institute of Crop Science/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - L. Q. Xia
- Institute of Crop Science/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
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Zhao XL, Chen DW, Gao P, Luo YF, Li KX. Synthesis, properties and microemulsion formulation of ibuprofen eugenol ester. Pharmazie 2005; 60:883-7. [PMID: 16398261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ibuprofen-eugenol ester (IEE), a highly lipophilic compound, was synthesized from ibuprofen in order to reduce the common side effects induced by this classic anti-inflammatory drug. IEE was isolated as an amorphous whitish solid with a melting point at 40.2 +/- 0.1 degrees C, whose structure was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR and MS spectra. The hydrolysis results showed that the ester was stable over a wide pH range from 1.1-9.96. However, it could be hydrolyzed easily by enzymes from rat plasma and rat liver homogenate. A pharmaceutically acceptable microemulsion system was presented and characterized in terms of stability, droplet size distribution (DSD) and their solubilization capacity for IEE. The solubility of IEE in the optimized microemulsion formulation was about 21,000 times higher than that in water. The AUC of ibuprofen from the prodrug showed a remarkable increase compared to oral ibuprofen suspension. These results suggest that synthesizing the ibuprofen prodrug was justified and the presented microemulsion system might be a promising oral dosage form for poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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16
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Li KX. [The medical work of the Second Field Army in the period of China's war of liberation] (Chi). Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi 2001; 19:11-5. [PMID: 11612474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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17
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Abstract
When small intestinal epithelial cells are incubated with [(3)H]corticosterone, nuclear binding is displaced neither by aldosterone nor RU-28362, suggesting that [(3)H]corticosterone is binding to a site distinct from mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor. Saturation and Scatchard analysis of nuclear [(3)H]corticosterone binding demonstrate a single saturable binding site with a relatively low affinity (49 nM) and high capacity (5 fmol/microg DNA). Competitive binding assays indicate that this site has a unique steroid binding specificity, which distinguishes it from other steroid receptors. Steroid specificity of nuclear binding mirrors inhibition of the low 11beta-dehydrogenase activity, suggesting that binding may be to an 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) isoform, although 11betaHSD1 is not present in small intestinal epithelia and 11betaHSD2 does not colocalize intracellularly with the binding site. In summary, a nuclear [(3)H]corticosterone binding site is present in small intestinal epithelia that is distinct from other steroid receptors and shares steroid specificity characteristics with 11betaHSD2 but is distinguishable from the latter by its distinct intracellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Sheppard
- Baker Medical Research Institute, Monash University Medical School, Prahran, Victoria, Australia 3181.
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18
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Abstract
Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS), a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent enzyme, is critical for vascular homeostasis. While eNOS is membrane-associated through its N-myristoylation, the significance of membrane association in locating eNOS near sources of Ca(2+) entry is uncertain. To assess the Ca(2+) source required for eNOS activation, chimera containing the full-length eNOS cDNA and HA-tagged aequorin sequence (EHA), and MHA (myristoylation-deficient EHA) were generated and transfected into COS-7 cells. The EHA chimera was primarily targeted to the plasma membrane while MHA was located intracellularly. Both constructs retained enzymatic eNOS activity and aequorin-mediated Ca(2+) sensitivity. The plasma membrane-associated EHA and intracellular MHA were compared in their ability to sense changes in local Ca(2+) concentration, demonstrating preferential sensitivity to Ca(2+) originating from intracellular pools (MHA) or from capacitative Ca(2+) entry (EHA). Measurements of eNOS activation in intact cells revealed that the eNOS enzymatic activity of EHA was more sensitive to Ca(2+) influx via capacitative Ca(2+) entry than intracellular release, whereas MHA eNOS activity was more responsive to intracellular Ca(2+) release. When eNOS activation by CCE was compared with that generated by an equal rise in [Ca(2+)](i) due to the Ca(2+) ionophore ionomycin, a 10-fold greater increase in NO production was found in the former condition. These results demonstrate that EHA and MHA chimera are properly targeted and retain full functions of eNOS and aequorin, and that capacitative Ca(2+) influx is the principle stimulus for sustained activation of eNOS on the plasma membrane in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lin
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Sheppard KE, Li KX, Autelitano DJ. Corticosteroid receptors and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoforms in rat intestinal epithelia. Am J Physiol 1999; 277:G541-7. [PMID: 10484378 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1999.277.3.g541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the potential roles that both receptors and enzymes play in corticosteroid regulation of intestinal function, we have determined glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) expression in intestinal epithelial cells. GR and MR mRNA and receptor binding were ubiquitously expressed in epithelial cells, with receptor levels higher in ileum and colon than jejunum and duodenum. RNase protection analysis showed that 11beta-HSD1 was not expressed in intestinal epithelial cells, and enzyme activity studies detected no 11-reductase activity. 11beta-HSD2 mRNA and protein were demonstrated in ileal and colonic epithelia; both MR and GR binding increased when enzyme activity was inhibited with carbenoxolone. Duodenal and jejunal epithelial cells showed very little 11beta-HSD2 mRNA and undetectable 11beta-HSD2 protein; despite minor (<7%) dehydrogenase activity in these cells, enzyme activity did not alter binding of corticosterone to either MR or GR. These findings demonstrate the ubiquitous but differential expression of MR and GR in intestinal epithelia and that 11beta-HSD2 modulates corticosteroid binding to both MR and GR in ileum and proximal and distal colon but not in duodenum or jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Sheppard
- Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia.
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Li KX, Fouty B, McMurtry IF, Rodman DM. Enhanced ET(A)-receptor-mediated inhibition of K(v) channels in hypoxic hypertensive rat pulmonary artery myocytes. Am J Physiol 1999; 277:H363-70. [PMID: 10409216 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1999.277.1.h363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin (ET)-1 has been implicated as a critical mediator in the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. We questioned whether, during exposure to chronic hypobaric hypoxia, rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) became sensitized to ET-1. Two effects of ET-1, inhibition of voltage-gated K(+) (K(v)) channels and release of intracellular Ca(2+), were studied using whole cell patch clamp and single cell indo 1 fluorescence, respectively. In both normotensive and chronically hypoxic-hypertensive PASMC, ET-1 caused concentration-dependent inhibition of voltage-gated K(+) current [I(K(v))], with maximum inhibition of 12-18% seen at a concentration of 0.1-1 nM. Although the chronically hypoxic-hypertensive PASMC was no more susceptible to ET-1-mediated I(K(v)) inhibition, a switch in coupling between ET-1 and I(K(v)) from ET(B) to ET(A) receptors occurred. This switch in receptor coupling, combined with reduced I(K(v)) density and increased ET-1 production in the hypoxic rat lung, may help explain the ability of ET(A)-receptor blockers to attenuate the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Chronic Disease
- Electrophysiology
- Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
- Endothelin-1/physiology
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Potassium Channel Blockers
- Potassium Channels/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/cytology
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Endothelin A
- Receptors, Endothelin/drug effects
- Receptors, Endothelin/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- K X Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Krozowski Z, Li KX, Koyama K, Smith RE, Obeyesekere VR, Stein-Oakley A, Sasano H, Coulter C, Cole T, Sheppard KE. The type I and type II 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1999; 69:391-401. [PMID: 10419017 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(99)00074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Local tissue concentrations of glucocorticoids are modulated by the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase which interconverts cortisol and the inactive glucocorticoid cortisone in man, and corticosterone and 11-dehydrocorticosterone in rodents. The type I isoform (11beta-HSD1) is a bidirectional enzyme but acts predominantly as a oxidoreductase to form the active glucocorticoids cortisol or corticosterone, while the type II enzyme (11beta-HSD2) acts unidirectionally producing inactive 11-keto metabolites. There are no known clinical conditions associated with 11beta-HSD1 deficiency, but gene deletion experiments in the mouse indicate that this enzyme is important both for the maintenance of normal serum glucocorticoid levels, and in the activation of key hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes. Other important sites of action include omental fat, the ovary, brain and vasculature. Congenital defects in the 11beta-HSD2 enzyme have been shown to account for the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME), a low renin severe form of hypertension resulting from the overstimulation of the non-selective mineralocorticoid receptor by cortisol in the distal tubule of the kidney. Inactivation of the 11beta-HSD2 gene in mice results in a phenotype with similar features to AME. In addition, these mice show high neonatal mortality associated with marked colonic distention, and remarkable hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the distal tubule epithelia. 11Beta-HSD2 also plays an important role in decreasing the exposure of the fetus to the high levels of maternal glucocorticoids. Recent work suggests a role for 11beta-HSD2 in non-mineralocorticoid target tissues where it would modulate glucocorticoid access to the glucocorticoid receptor, in invasive breast cancer and as a mechanism providing ligand for the putative 11-dehydrocorticosterone receptor. While previous homologies between members of the SCAD superfamily have been of the order of 20-30% phylogenetic analysis of a new branch of retinol dehydrogenases indicates identities of > 60% and overlapping substrate specificities. The availability of crystal structures of family members has allowed the mapping of conserved 11beta-HSD domains A-D to a cleft in the protein structure (cofactor binding domain), two parallel beta-sheets, and an alpha-helix (active site), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Krozowski
- Baker Medical Research Institute, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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Obeyesekere VR, Trzeciak WH, Li KX, Krozowski ZS. Serines at the active site of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I determine the rate of catalysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 250:469-73. [PMID: 9753655 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Short chain alcohol dehydrogenases have an invariant YXXXK motif at the active site. Database analysis of 116 superfamily members showed that 92% also contain a Serine or Threonine residue at the Y + 1 or Y + 3 positions, a pattern we previously described as the ST rule. In the present study we have mutated Serines in the active site, YSASK, motif of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (11 beta HSD1). These studies were facilitated by the generation of a new specific polyclonal antibody (RAH113) raised against a synthetic peptide derived from the rat 11 beta-HSD1 sequence. Immunopurified RAH113 recognized a single band at 34 kDa in liver homogenates. Kinetic analysis of equivalent amounts of wild type and mutant proteins showed that mutagenesis of active site Serines resulted in modest increases of Km values for corticosterone from 325 nM for 11 beta HSD1 to 512 nM-588 nM for the S1 (YAASK), S2 (YSAGK) and S3 (YAAGK) mutants in homogenates of transfected CHOP cells. However, far greater effects were observed on the first order rate constants with mutants displaying 10%, 1% and 1% of the wild type activity, respectively. When the oxidoreductase reaction was studied in whole cells mutagenesis again had a minimal effect on the Km value but dramatically lowered first order rate constants to 34%, 5% and 6%, respectively, of the wild type. These data show that Serines at the active site of 11 beta HSD1 play an important role in determining the rate of catalysis. Coexpression of wild type and mutant enzymes did not lower wild type activity suggesting that the active site of the multimeric enzyme is not a composite of active site Serines from different subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Obeyesekere
- Laboratory of Molecular Hypertension, Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
The 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11betaHSD) modulate intracellular glucocorticoid levels, with 11betaHSD1 converting cortisone to cortisol mainly in the liver, and 11betaHSD2 performing the reverse reaction in sodium transporting epithelia and placenta. We have attempted to expand the 11betaHSD subfamily by isolating homologous cDNA's. Expressed Sequence Tag databases were screen with segments of the 11betaHSD1 enzyme amino acid sequence and Pan1b identified as a new member of the short chain alcohol dehydrogenase superfamily. Northern blot analysis of total RNA from human tissues showed a single band at 1.9 kb and a tissue specific pattern of expression with high levels in the liver, adrenal carcinoma, lung and small intestine, and much lower levels in the kidney, heart and placenta. Expression studies in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHOP) showed that Pan1b did not metabolize glucocorticoids. However, preliminary studies on a range of substrates revealed that Pan1b acted as a dehydrogenase on 17beta-hydroxysteroids, although further kinetic analysis was confounded by large amounts of endogenous oxidoreductase activity in CHOP cells. These studies suggest the existence of a novel human 17betaHSD enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- K X Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Hypertension, Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Li A, Tedde R, Krozowski ZS, Pala A, Li KX, Shackleton CH, Mantero F, Palermo M, Stewart PM. Molecular basis for hypertension in the "type II variant" of apparent mineralocorticoid excess. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 63:370-9. [PMID: 9683587 PMCID: PMC1377297 DOI: 10.1086/301955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) is a heritable form of hypertension in which cortisol acts as a potent mineralocorticoid. The type I variant results in a severe clinical and biochemical phenotype and arises because of mutations in the gene encoding the type 2 isozyme of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD2), an enzyme responsible for the peripheral inactivation of cortisol to cortisone. Only mild abnormalities of cortisol metabolism have been found in the type II variant of AME, suggesting that it may be a separate gene defect. In an extensive consanguineous Sardinian pedigree affected with "type II" AME, a novel homozygous point mutation (C945T) was found in the human 11beta-HSD2 gene in four affected individuals. Thirteen family members were heterozygous for the resultant R279C amino acid substitution. The LOD score of linkage of the mutation to the disease was 3.23. Expression of the 11beta-HSD2 mutant cDNA resulted in an enzyme with reduced maximum velocity, but similar substrate affinity, compared with activity of the wild-type cDNA. Affected individuals were >30 years of age and had both mineralocorticoid hypertension and evidence of impaired metabolism of cortisol to cortisone. The heterozygote state was phenotypically normal but was associated with subtle defects in cortisol metabolism. AME represents a spectrum of mineralocorticoid hypertension with severity reflecting the underlying genetic defect in the 11beta-HSD2 gene; classification into distinct subtypes is inappropriate. Hypertensive populations should be screened to identify the prevalence of milder defects in 11beta-HSD2 in patients currently labeled as having "essential" hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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25
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Sheppard KE, Khoo K, Krozowski ZS, Li KX. Steroid specificity of the putative DHB receptor: evidence that the receptor is not 11betaHSD. Am J Physiol 1998; 275:E124-31. [PMID: 9688883 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1998.275.1.e124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we identified a novel putative nuclear receptor in colonic crypt cells distinct from both mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor, with high affinity for 11-dehydrocorticosterone (11-DHB) (33). In the present study, competitive nuclear binding assays demonstrated that this site has a unique steroid binding specificity that distinguishes it from other steroid receptors. Western blot analysis showed the presence of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11betaHSD2) but not 11betaHSD1 in colonic crypt cells and showed that 11betaHSD2 was present in the nuclear pellet. Differences in steroid specificity between the putative DHB receptor and inhibition of 11betaHSD activity indicate that binding is not to the enzyme. Furthermore, modified Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the 11betaHSD2 gene express nuclear 11betaHSD2 but not a nuclear DHB binding site. In conclusion, these data support the existence of a novel nuclear DHB receptor in rat colon that is distinct from the classic steroid receptors and from both 11betaHSD1 and 11betaHSD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Sheppard
- Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia 3181
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26
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Smith RE, Salamonsen LA, Komesaroff PA, Li KX, Myles KM, Lawrence M, Krozowski Z. 11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II in the human endometrium: localization and activity during the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82:4252-7. [PMID: 9398749 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.82.12.4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II enzyme (11 beta HSD2) is a potent inactivator of glucocorticoids and is present in high amounts in the placental syncytiotrophoblast and sodium-transporting epithelia. Placental 11 beta HSD2 is thought to protect the fetus from high circulating levels of maternal glucocorticoids, whereas the renal enzyme is important in conferring aldosterone specificity on the mineralocorticoid receptor. An isoform of 11 beta HSD (11 beta HSD1) is also present in a wide range of tissues, but usually acts as an oxoreductase, converting the biologically inactive cortisone to cortisol. In the present study we have used an immunopurified antibody to the carboxy-terminus of human 11 beta HSD2 (HUH23) to demonstrate localization of the enzyme in luminal and glandular epithelia of human endometrium. In some specimens staining was uniformly distributed, but in others there was clear evidence of heterogeneity both between and within epithelia. Although 11 beta HSD2 was found mainly in the cytoplasm, some cells showed evidence of nuclear staining only. Western blot analysis showed a band at 41 kDa in endometrium and myometrium, confirming the presence of 11 beta HSD2. Measurement of activity throughout the menstrual cycle showed that mean levels (+/- SEM) of activity were 156 +/- 17 and 6.1 +/- 1.1 pmol product/min.g homogenate protein for 11 beta HSD2 and 11 beta HSD1, respectively. Patients taking combined estrogen/progesterone contraceptives had significantly lower activities of both enzymes (76 +/- 19 and 1.9 +/- 0.4; both P < 0.01) compared with the control group. 11 beta HSD2 activity was significantly higher in the secretory than in the proliferative phase of the cycle in controls (193 +/- 22 vs. 120 +/- 23; P < 0.05). All groups contained outliers with elevated enzyme activities, with some patients displaying 11 beta HSD2 levels comparable to those observed in human kidney (> 1000 pmol/min.g). Further analysis showed that there was a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.43; P < 0.001) between the levels of 11 beta HSD1 and 11 beta HSD2. There was no detectable mineralocorticoid receptor binding in endometrial cytosols prepared from patients with a range of 11 beta HSD2 activities. It remains to be determined whether elevated or suppressed levels of either isoform are associated with fertility or endometrial pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Smith
- Laboratory of Molecular Hypertension, Baker Medical Research Institute, Prahran, Australia
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Li A, Li KX, Marui S, Krozowski ZS, Batista MC, Whorwood CB, Arnhold IJ, Shackleton CH, Mendonca BB, Stewart PM. Apparent mineralocorticoid excess in a Brazilian kindred: hypertension in the heterozygote state. J Hypertens 1997; 15:1397-402. [PMID: 9431844 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-199715120-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) is a cause of low-renin, low-aldosterone hypertension in which cortisol acts as a mineralocorticoid. The condition reflects an inability to inactivate cortisol to cortisone due to defective activity of the type 2 isozyme of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD2). Homozygous mutations in 11beta-HSD2 gene in patients with AME have been described. A 7-year-old Brazilian girl had previously been found to have AME. Her father recently presented with mineralocorticoid hypertension at age 38 years. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical details, to perform steroid analyses and to assess the molecular basis for the hypertension in this kindred. METHODS The 11beta-HSD2 gene was amplified from genomic DNA by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced by direct chain-termination sequencing on an automatic DNA sequencer. The sequencing results were validated by restriction-site polymorphism. The mutant 11beta-HSD2 protein was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary polyoma cells and enzymatic activity was assessed by metabolizing cortisol in vitro. RESULTS Sequence analysis of genomic DNA revealed a novel C1061T point mutation in exon V of the human 11beta-HSD2 gene, resulting in an amino acid substitution of alanine by valine at codon 328 of the enzyme protein (A328V). Expression studies confirmed that the mutant protein was devoid of 11beta-HSD2 activity. A HhaI restriction-site polymorphism confirmed that the proband was homozygous for the mutation whereas both parents were heterozygotes. The father of the proband had hypertension, a normal serum potassium level, suppressed plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone level and a moderately elevated urinary cortisol: cortisone metabolite ratio. CONCLUSIONS AME in this kindred is caused by a novel mutation in the 11beta-HSD2 gene. Detection of hypokalaemia, at least in this kindred, is an insensitive screening test for mineralocorticoid-based hypertension. In contrast to results from previously investigated kindreds, we have demonstrated that this kindred has an abnormal phenotype in the heterozygote state. Further studies are now required in order to evaluate the role of 11beta-HSD2 activity in the pathophysiology of 'essential' hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, UK
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28
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Obeyesekere VR, Li KX, Ferrari P, Krozowski Z. Truncation of the N- and C-terminal regions of the human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme and effects on solubility and bidirectional enzyme activity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1997; 131:173-82. [PMID: 9296376 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(97)00106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II enzyme (11betaHSD2) endows specificity on the mineralocorticoid receptor by metabolising glucocorticoids. Sequence comparisons with other microsomal proteins showed the strongly preferred topology of a lumenal pentapeptide followed by three transmembrane helices with residues beyond Ala73 on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, suggesting that 11betaHSD2 is anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum by the N-terminal region. However, deletion of the N-terminus (11betaHSD2 deltaN) and expression of the construct in mammalian cells showed that the enzyme remained bound to the microsomal fraction, indicating that other regions are also involved in membrane anchoring. Crosslinking studies and nonreducing SDS-PAGE demonstrated that 11betaHSD2 is a non-covalently linked dimer. Deletion of the non-conserved C-terminal region (11betaHSD2 deltaC) resulted in an enzyme with a Km of 215 nM for cortisol in whole cell assays, while 11betaHSD2 and 11betaHSD2 deltaN displayed a Km of 62 and 74 nM, respectively. In homogenates 11betaHSD2 and 11betaHSD2 deltaC displayed maximal activity at 140 mM NaCl or KCl, but showed a marked decrease in enzyme activity with increasing salt. 11BetaHSD2 was more stable than 11betaHSD2 deltaC in the presence of NaSCN, suggesting that the C-terminal region plays a role in enzyme stability. There was no detectable activity in homogenates containing 11betaHSD2 deltaN, while 11betaHSD2 deltaC and 11betaHSD2 displayed a Km of 135 and 46 nM, respectively. Although 11betaHSD2 is conventionally considered a unidirectional dehydrogenase all constructs converted 11-dehydrodexamethasone to dexamethasone in whole cell assays, providing an explanation for the potency of the synthetic glucocorticoid in the face of a powerful inactivator of natural glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Obeyesekere
- Laboratory of Molecular Hypertension, Baker Medical Research Institute, Prahran, Australia
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29
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Li KX, Obeyesekere VR, Krozowski ZS, Ferrari P. Oxoreductase and dehydrogenase activities of the human and rat 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme. Endocrinology 1997; 138:2948-52. [PMID: 9202239 DOI: 10.1210/endo.138.7.5232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme (11betaHSD2) metabolizes glucocorticoids into their inactive 11-keto metabolites. Although the type 1 enzyme (11betaHSD1) displays both oxidative and reductive activity, to date 11betaHSD2 has been shown to have dehydrogenase activity only. In this study we compared both dehydrogenase and reductase characteristics of the cloned rat 11betaHSD1 and rat and human 11betaHSD2 for three different 11-hydroxysteroid substrates, cortisol (F), corticosterone (B), and dexamethasone (Dex), and the corresponding 11-keto metabolites, cortisone (E), 11-dehydrocorticosterone (A), and 11-dehydrodexamethasone (DH-Dex), respectively. In cell homogenates expressing either the rat or the human 11betaHSD2, the relative potency for the dehydrogenase reaction was B > F > Dex. Although there was no reduction of A or E, DH-Dex was readily converted to Dex with an equilibrium far on the side of the 11-hydroxy metabolite. DH-Dex reduction in homogenates was inhibited by both glycyrrhetinic acid and carbenoxolone, with a 50% inhibition at 80 and 100 nM, respectively. In intact cells transfected with rat 11betaHSD1, the equilibrium was on the reductase side for all substrates. Dehydrogenation of B or F was more potent with rat 11betaHSD2 than with rat 11betaHSD1. There was no detectable 11betaHSD1 oxidation of Dex. These data indicate that both the cloned human and rat 11betaHSD2 reduce DH-Dex and do this more readily than they oxidize Dex. Thus, 11betaHSD2 seems also to be a bidirectional enzyme, although no reduction of the physiological compounds A and E was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K X Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Hypertension, Baker Institute of Medical 1esearch, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
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30
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Abstract
Mineralocorticoid action is facilitated by 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (11 beta HSD2), which metabolizes glucocorticoids and allows aldosterone to bind to the nonselective mineralocorticoid receptor. We have recently demonstrated the presence of the 11 beta HSD2 protein in a wide range of human epithelia, suggesting that it is the sole isoform endowing specificity in man. In the present study we have used an immunopurified polyclonal antibody (RAH23) raised against a C-terminal peptide derived from the cloned rat 11 beta HSD2 protein to perform immunohistochemical and molecular analysis in rat tissues. In frozen sections of rat kidney, strong staining was seen with the RAH23 antibody in the distal tubule; weaker staining was observed in the thick ascending loop of Henle and the medullary and papillary collecting ducts. Punctate cortical staining was observed in the fetus at 20 days gestation and in 8-day-old rats, with a noticeable increase in the staining pattern at 16 days of age. The kidney did not attain the adult pattern of staining until 28 days of age. Epithelia of ileum and colon also stained with RAH23, as did excretory ducts of the submandibular gland. Intrahepatic and excretory bile ducts displayed strong immunoreactivity in the epithelial lining. Rat adrenal glands showed evidence of the 11 beta HSD2 antigen in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis, but not in the zona glomerulosa or medulla. Western blot analysis with the RAH23 antibody revealed strong bands in the kidney, colon, adrenal gland, and submandibular gland at 40 kDa, colinear with the migration of the cloned 11 beta HSD2 enzyme. A band of medium intensity was also seen at this size in the pancreas, whereas a band of moderate intensity was seen in the bile duct, and weaker bands were noticed in the stomach, small intestine, and liver, with a diffuse band at 36-42 kDa in the prostate. Strong bands were seen in the pancreas and prostate at 78 kDa, with weaker signals in the colon, adrenal, stomach, and bile duct. A number of tissues also displayed multiple bands at about 30 kDa. Enzymatic assays on tissue homogenates showed extensive conversion of corticosterone to its 11-dehydro product in an NAD-dependent manner in the submandibular gland, adrenal gland, and kidney, but not in the pancreas or prostate. This study confirms the ubiquitous presence of 11 beta HSD2 in sodium-transporting epithelia, demonstrates the high level of 11 beta HSD2 protein and enzyme activity in the rat adrenal, and suggests a possible role for the enzyme in the biliary system. Further studies are required to determine the relevance of the various molecular species to the activity, latency, and processing of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Smith
- Laboratory of Molecular Hypertension, Baker Medical Research Institute, Prahran, Australia
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31
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Li KX, Smith RE, Ferrari P, Funder JW, Krozowski ZS. Rat 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme is expressed at low levels in the placenta and is modulated by adrenal steroids in the kidney. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1996; 120:67-75. [PMID: 8809740 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(96)03822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II enzyme (11 beta HSD2) protects the non-discriminating mineralocorticoid receptor from occupation by glucocorticoids. In man the enzyme is also highly expressed in the placenta where it is thought to also protect the fetus from the high circulating levels of maternal glucocorticoids. Mutations in the HSD11B2 gene have recently been shown to account for the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess. In the present study we have used a rat 11 beta HSD2 cDNA to study the distribution and regulation of this enzyme. The rat protein is highly homologous to the mouse, rabbit and human enzymes, except for the carboxy-terminal region which displays extensive divergence between species beyond residue 382. Northern blot analysis of rat total RNA showed that the single copy gene is highly expressed in kidney and adrenal with lower levels in the colon; surprisingly, there was no detectable signal in the placenta. There was also no detectable mRNA in the liver, heart, hippocampus, testis, thymus and pancreas. Nuclease protection analysis revealed the presence of moderate 11 beta HSD2 message levels in the parotid and exceedingly low levels in the placenta. Regulation studies showed that administration of dexamethasone, deoxycorticosterone and 9 alpha-fluorocortisol to adrenalectomized rats for 7 days increased renal enzyme activity 33%-50%, while message levels decreased 35%-70%, suggesting that the increased enzyme activity may represent activation of latent enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- K X Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Hypertension, Baker Institute of Medical Research, Prahran, Vic., Australia
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32
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Abstract
11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11-HSD) activity allows aldosterone occupancy of mineralocorticoid receptors by inactivating endogenous glucocorticoids. The expression of the 11-HSD2 gene, a low Km, NAD+ dependent species of 11-HSD, was found in several discrete areas of the rat brain by in situ hybridization. Cells strongly positive for 11-HSD2 mRNA were found in the commissural portion of the nucleus tractus solitarius, subcommissural organ and ventrolateral ventromedial hypothalamus. Scattered labeled cells were also seen in the medial vestibular nucleus. The expression of 11-HSD2 mRNA in the brain is quite distinct from that of 11-HSD1 mRNA and allows for diverse roles in modulating corticosteroid receptor involvement in control of salt appetite, blood pressure and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Roland
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Baker Institute of Medical Research, Prahran, Australia
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33
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Abstract
Catecholamines and insulin have been reported to hyperpolarize skeletal muscle fibers via stimulation of the electrogenic Na-K pump (Flatman and Clausen, 1979, Nature, 281:580-581). Therefore, the electrogenic Na-K pump current was investigated in cultured colcemid-treated rat skeletal myoballs using whole-cell voltage clamp. Skeletal muscles were taken from newborn rat hindlegs, trypsin digested, and cultured. By day 7, all myoblast cells fused into myotubes. After treatment with the microtubule disrupter colcemid (10(-7) M) for 2 days, some of the myotubes became transformed into spherical myoballs, having an average diameter of 41.2 +/- 1.5 microns (n = 21). The resting membrane potential averaged -56.8 +/- 1.7 mV (n = 40). Ouabain (1 mM) quickly depolarized the myoballs to -51.1 +/- 1.1 mV (n = 27), showing the existence of an electrogenic Na-K pump in the skeletal myoball preparation. The values for the specific membrane resistance and capacitance were 5.5 +/- 1.0 K omega-cm2 (n = 21) and 3.7 +/- 0.3 microF/cm2 (n = 21), respectively. The pump current averaged 0.28 +/- 0.03 pA/pF (n = 10), with the membrane potential at -60 mV and 10 mM intrapipette Na+. The Na-K pump contribution to resting membrane potential was calculated to be 5.7 mV, matching the ouabain-induced rapid depolarization. When the Na-K pump was stimulated with 50 mM intrapipette Na+, the pump current was about doubled (0.52 +/- 0.08 pA/pF; n = 10). Isoproterenol (1 microM) and 8-Br-cAMP (1 mM) also significantly increased pump current by 50% (0.42 +/- 0.04 pA/pF; n = 9) and 64% (0.46 +/- 0.09 pA/pF; n = 7), respectively. In contrast, although insulin and phorbol ester also increased pump current, this increase was not statistically significant. The ineffectiveness of insulin and phorbol ester may be due to colcemid interfering with Na-K pump translocation from internal vesicles to the sarcolemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K X Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0576
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34
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Abstract
Using conventional microelectrode techniques, we investigated the combined effects of isoproterenol (Iso) and insulin (Ins) on the resting membrane potential (RMP) of isolated rat skeletal muscles. In soleus muscle, Iso (1 microM) and Ins (4 units/L) separately induced a hyperpolarization of 9.2 mV and 4.8 mV, respectively. Combined administration of Iso and Ins induced a hyperpolarization of 12.4 mV, larger than either one separately. A similar observation was made in Na(+)-loaded rewarming experiments. 8-Br-cAMP (1 mM and 3 mM) and forskolin (10 microM, an adenylate cyclase activator) induced a hyperpolarization of 5.3 mV, 8 mV, and 6.0 mV, respectively. This hyperpolarizing action was blocked by ouabain, indicating that the Na-K pump was involved in the hyperpolarization. 8-Br-cGMP (3 mM) had no effect on RMP; however, it blocked or reversed the hyperpolarization caused by 8-Br-cAMP (1 mM). In addition, 8-Br-cGMP partially inhibited the hyperpolarizing effect of Iso (1 microM) by 40% and completely prevented the effect of Ins. The phorbol ester, PMA, (1 microM, a PKC activator) induced a ouabain-inhibitable hyperpolarization. These results suggest that cAMP and PKC are involved in the Iso- and Ins-induced hyperpolarization and that Iso and Ins influence the RMP presumably through regulation of the electrogenic Na-K pump via different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K X Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0576
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35
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Abstract
Insulin-induced hyperpolarization of up to 9 mV has been described in isolated frog [J. Physiol. Lond. 252: 43-58, 1975; Am. J. Physiol. 251 (Cell Physiol. 4): C249-C254, 1979] and mammalian (Molecular Basis of Insulin Action, New York: Plenum, 1985, p. 451-463; Am. J. Physiol. 197: 524-526, 1959; Am. J. Physiol. 198: 1066-1070, 1960) skeletal muscle. We have shown that a similar hyperpolarization occurs in situ after administration of insulin in anesthetized rats. In streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats, insulin produced approximately 66-70% of the hyperpolarization observed in normal rat skeletal muscle in situ. Administration of ouabain in situ blocked the insulin-induced hyperpolarization in the normal group of rats and significantly blunted the effect in the STZ group. These results suggest that insulin-induced hyperpolarization in skeletal muscle results from direct activation of the Na+-K+-ATPase pump. In isolated skeletal muscle from normal and STZ rats, there was no difference in the amount of the insulin-induced hyperpolarization. There was an additive, but small, hyperpolarizing effect of insulin and isoproterenol when administered in combination, suggesting that the greater magnitude of the insulin-induced hyperpolarization observed in situ in normal rats may be due to an additive effect of injected insulin and endogenous release of epinephrine. Alternatively, STZ treatment may directly alter the Na+-K+ pump so that its response to insulin is lessened.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Iannaccone
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Ohio 45267
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36
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle explants from normal subjects were established from biopsy material on collagen. Cellular outgrowth appeared within 3-4 days, and fusion of myoblasts was observed in 5-10 days. Multinucleated myotubes were impaled under high optical magnification, at 37 degrees C, with conventional glass microelectrodes. The mean resting potential was -44.4 mV +/- 2.4 (n = 399); -33 +/- 2.3 mV at 9 days (n = 10) vs -48 +/- 2.5 mV (n = 15) at 27 days. The average input resistance (Rin) was 9.7 M omega (n = 83). Action potentials could be elicited by electrical stimulation and had a mean amplitude of 55.9 +/- 2.1 mV with a mean maximum rate of rise (Vmax) of 72.1 +/- 7.5 V/s. The mean overshoot was 13.9 +/- 2.3 mV, and the action potential duration determined at 50% of repolarization (APD50) was 8.0 msec (n = 7). The resting membrane potential showed a depolarization of 23 mV/decade for extracellular potassium ion concentration ([K]o) between 4.5-100 mM. Thus, we have established the normal resting potential and maximum rate of rise of the action potential for human myotubes in culture. We have shown that the values for these are less than those previously reported in cultured avian and rodent cells. In addition, we have shown that the response in our system of the resting potential to change in extracellular potassium concentration is blunted compared to studies using isolated muscle, suggesting an increase in ratio of sodium to potassium permeability. Cultured human muscle cells depolarized in the presence of ouabain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Iannaccone
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Ohio 45267
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37
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Zhu PH, Li KX. [There is no acetylcholine sensitivity at the myotendinous junction of fast- or slow-muscle fibres with combined fast- and slow-muscle nerve supplies in rats]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1986; 38:107-15. [PMID: 3775397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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