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Sitati A, Joe E, Pentz B, Grayson C, Jaime C, Gilmore E, Galappaththi E, Hudson A, Alverio GN, Mach KJ, van Aalst M, Simpson N, Schwerdtle PN, Templeman S, Zommers Z, Ajibade I, Chalkasra LSS, Umunay P, Togola I, Khouzam A, Scarpa G, de Perez EC. Climate change adaptation in conflict-affected countries: A systematic assessment of evidence. Discov Sustain 2021; 2:42. [PMID: 35425913 PMCID: PMC8475313 DOI: 10.1007/s43621-021-00052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
People affected by conflict are particularly vulnerable to climate shocks and climate change, yet little is known about climate change adaptation in fragile contexts. While climate events are one of the many contributing drivers of conflict, feedback from conflict increases vulnerability, thereby creating conditions for a vicious cycle of conflict. In this study, we carry out a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature, taking from the Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative (GAMI) dataset to documenting climate change adaptation occurring in 15 conflict-affected countries and compare the findings with records of climate adaptation finance flows and climate-related disasters in each country. Academic literature is sparse for most conflict-affected countries, and available studies tend to have a narrow focus, particularly on agriculture-related adaptation in rural contexts and adaptation by low-income actors. In contrast, multilateral and bilateral funding for climate change adaptation addresses a greater diversity of adaptation needs, including water systems, humanitarian programming, and urban areas. Even among the conflict-affected countries selected, we find disparity, with several countries being the focus of substantial research and funding, and others seeing little to none. Results indicate that people in conflict-affected contexts are adapting to climate change, but there is a pressing need for diverse scholarship across various sectors that documents a broader range of adaptation types and their results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sitati
- United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E. Joe
- World Resources Institute, Washington, USA
| | - B. Pentz
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Canada
| | - C. Grayson
- International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Jaime
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - E. Gilmore
- Department of International Development, Community and Environment, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610 USA
| | | | - A. Hudson
- Yale Law School, Yale University, 127 Wall St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
- Oxford University Centre for the Environment, S Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QY UK
| | - G. Nagle Alverio
- Nicholas School of the Environment at Duke University, Sanford School of Public Policy at Duke University, Duke University School of Law, 9 Circuit Dr, Durham, NC 27701 USA
| | - K. J. Mach
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
- Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL USA
| | - M. van Aalst
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands
- International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - N. Simpson
- African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - P. Nayna Schwerdtle
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Monash Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences. Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Z. Zommers
- United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), New York, USA
| | - I. Ajibade
- Department of Geography, Portland State University, 1721 SW Broadway, Portland, OR 97201 USA
| | - L. S. Safaee Chalkasra
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, Simard Hall, Rm 047, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
- International Development Research Centre, 150 Kent St., Ottawa, ON K1P 0B2 Canada
| | - P. Umunay
- Nature for Climate Branch, Ecosystems Division, UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya
- Yale School of Environment, 360 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | | | - A. Khouzam
- International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - E. Coughlan de Perez
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, 7514 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Medford, USA
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Stahle CM, Shi ZQ, Hu K, Barthelmy SD, Snodgrass SJ, Lehtonen SJ, Mach KJ, Barbier L, Gehrels N, Krizmanic JF, Palmer D, Parsons AM, Shu P. Fabrication of CdZnTe Strip Detectors for Large Area Arrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-487-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA CdZnTe strip detector large area array (∼ 60 cm2 with 36 detectors) with capabilities for high resolution imaging and spectroscopy has been built as a prototype for a space flight gamma ray burst instrument. The detector array also has applications in nuclear medical imaging. Two dimensional orthogonal strip detectors with 100 μm pitch have been fabricated and tested. Details for the array design, fabrication and evaluation of the detectors will be presented.
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