Arrhenius kinetics driven nonlinear mixed convection flow of Casson liquid over a stretching surface in a Darcian porous medium

The non-linear mixed convective heat and mass transfer features of a non-Newtonian Casson liquid flow over a stretching surface are investigated numerically. The stretching surface is embedded in a Darcian porous medium with heat generation/absorption impacts. The fluid flow is assumed to be driven by both buoyancy and Arrhenius kinetics. The governing equations are modelled with the help of Boussinesq and Rosseland approximations. The similarity solutions of the non-dimensional equations are obtained using two numerical approaches, namely fourth fifth Runge - Kutta Fehlberg method and the shooting approach. The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are discussed for important physical parameters through various graphical illustrations. The skin friction, the non-dimensional wall temperature, and the concentration expressions were derived and analysed. The results indicate that the increasing values of linear and nonlinear convection due to temperature, nonlinear convection due to concentration, and heat of reaction increase the dimensionless wall temperature. The dimensionless wall concentration rises with the increasing values of heat of reaction, linear and nonlinear convection due to temperature, and nonlinear convection due to concentration parameters.

P167 Fungemia in neonatal ICU of a pediatric hospital in NE India

Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM

 

Objectives

To determine the prevalence of fungemia in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during a period of 4 years and 4 months (January 2018 to April 2022) and to identify the causative fungal pathogens and analyze the associated risk factors.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted by collecting records of neonatal fungemia occurring in 17 bedded NICU of Mother's Care Children Hospital and Research Centre, Imphal. Cases were identified by searching of computerized microbiology blood culture database. Blood cultures were carried out using automated BacT/ALERT(Biomerieux). Whenever flagged positive, immediate gram staining and subculture were carried in Blood agar, SDA, and MacConkey agar. The isolates were identified by their morphology, germ tube test, and biochemical test in VITEK-2 (Biomeriux) system. Antifungal susceptibility testing too was carried out in VITEK-2.

Results

A total of 2621 blood samples in pediatric blood culture bottles were received from NICU during this period of 4 years and 4 months. 21 samples showed growth of yeast cells. The isolates include Candida parapsilosis (10), C. albicans (7), Wickerhaemomyces anomalas (3), and C. krusei (1). Low birth weight, premature rupture of membrane, antibiotic therapy, and prolonged hospital stay were main risk factors. Majority of the neonates recovered with antifungal treatment.

Conclusion

Candida parapsilosis was isolated with highest frequency. Fungemia is more common in low birth weight babies.

Clinical significance of geographic miss when using conventional four field radiotherapy technique in treatment of locally advanced carcinoma cervix

BACKGROUND

Although conventional four- field radiotherapy based on bony landmarks has been traditionally used, areas of geographical miss due to individual variation in pelvic anatomy have been identified with advanced imaging techniques.

AIMS

The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the geographical miss in patientswhen using the conventional four-field planningplanning and to find out the impact of 3-D conformal CT based in patients with locally advanced carcinoma cervix.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In 50 patients, target volume delineation was done on planning computed tomography (CT) scans, according to guidelines by Taylor et al. Patients were treated with modified four field plan, except for the superior, where field border was kept at L4-L5 interspace A dosimetric comparison was done between the conventional four-field based on bony landmarks and the target volume delineated on computed tomography. The disease free survival, pelvic and para aortic nodal free survival, distant failures free survival were calculated using Kaplan Meir Product Limit Method.

RESULTS

Patients were followed-up for a median period of 11 months. The median V95 for conventional and modified extended four field plans were 89.4% and 91.3% respectively. Patients with V95 for modified extended pelvic fields less than 91.3% had a trend toward inferior disease free survival (mean DFS 9.8 vs. 13.9 months) though the difference was not statistically significant log rank test.

CONCLUSIONS

Our preliminary data shows trend toward lower DFS in patients with inadequate target volume coverage. We recommend routine use of CT based planning for four field technique.

Synthesis of Leucas Aspera Extract Loaded Gold-PLA-PEG-PLA Amphiphilic Copolymer Nanoconjugates: In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Studies

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are synthesized using the medicinal plant Leucas Aspera extract (LAE) and poly lactic acid-co-poly ethylene glycol-co-poly lactic acid (PLA-PEG-PLA) copolymer by water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion method. The proposed method of W/O emulsion technique involves synthesis of GNPs and loading of Leucas Aspera extract on to the PLA-PEG-PLA copolymer matrix simultaneously. The synthesized GNPs are characterized by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The GNPs-LAE loaded polymer NPs are examined for the in vitro cytotoxicity on South African green monkey's kidney cells. The GNPs-LAE loaded polymer nanoconjugates exhibit maximum up to 95% of cell viability with 100 μg concentration of GNPs in the sample. The GNPs-LAE loaded polymer NPs exhibit better anti-inflammatory activity when compared to the pure LAE.

Antibacterial Studies and Effect of Poloxamer on Gold Nanoparticles by Zingiber Officinale Extracted Green Synthesis

Poloxamer finds excellent clinical and therapeutic uses for curing of various ailments. The Zin- giber officinale (Z. officinale) is one of the well-known medicinal plants. The poloxamer188 and the rhizome extract of Z. officinale have been used to synthesize the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by a green approach. The Z. officinale extract has been used as a reducing agent while the polox- amerl88 has been used as a stabilizing agent. The effect of addition of poloxamer on the controlling the shape and size of the AuNPs has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering techniques. The formation of AuNPs has also been confirmed by UV-Visible spectral, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The anti-bacterial activity of the green synthesized AuNPs has been investigated on the three human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia. The poloxamer188 protected AuNPs inhibit the bacterial growth more effectively than the pure Z. officinale extract and the standard tetracycline (TA).

Evaluation of Immunomodulatory activity of the flavanoid from Kigelia africana

Modulation of the immune responses to alleviate the diseases has been of interest for many years. Thus a real need exists to protect our immune systems and lead healthier lives. Hence the present study is aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of Flavanoid of Kigelia africana. The effect of flavanoid of Kigelia africana on the immune system of rats and mice was evaluated by using different experimental models such asmice lethality test, Serum immunoglobulin level, Haemagglutination reaction, hypersensitivity reaction, and delayed type hypersensitivity reaction test. Flavanoid of Kigelia africana was administered orally at low dose and high dose of 100mg/kg/day, poand 200 mg/kg/day, po respectively and Levamisole (2.5 mg/kg/day, po) was used as standard drug. Flavanoid of Kigelia africanain both doses increased the levels of serum immunoglobulin and prevented the mortality induced by bovine Pasteurella multocida in mice. Exhibits a dose related increase in the early hypersensitivity reaction and Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction to the SRBC antigen. It also resulted in a significant increase in the antibody titer value, to SRBC, in experimental animals. Hence, it was concluded that flavanoid of Kigelia africana increases both humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity.

PA01.44. Applied aspect of Pranayama in maintaining health

Purpose:

Pranayama is the science of breathing and essence of being alive. It is the axis around which the entire life cycle resolves. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity. Pranayama is compound word consisting Prana and Ayam, Prana means vital energy, breath, air etc. Prana is the vital life force that acts as a catalyst in all Physiological function and Ayama the expansion or control of this force.

Method:

Pranayama is a relatively simple, rhythmic, low cost intervention that can be incorporated into people's daily routine and have a positive impact on health. Maharishi Patanjali places Pranayama as the fourth limb of Ashtanga yoga. Prana is the fundamental basis of whatever is, was and will be. It consists three phase Purak, Kumbhak, Rechak.

Result:

Many researches show that breathing exercisesimprove respiratory physiology by increasing vital capacity and maintain homeostasis in blood. Researches show that pranayama is also helpful in improving the digestive activity by boosting enzymes action and promotes clearance of subtle metabolic wastes from the body.

Conclusion:

The process of breathing, vertical breathing is the more efficient way to inhale air than horizontal way. The present paper is high light the importance of pranayama in maintaining health, through previous research and contemporary concept.

Patterns - "A crime solver"

OBJECTIVE

This study is intended to analyze the predominant pattern of lip and finger prints in males and females and to correlate lip print and finger print for gender identity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study sample comprised of 200 students of Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, 100 males and 100 females aged between 18 to 27 years. Brown/pink colored lip stick was applied on the lips and the subject was asked to spread it uniformly over the lips. Lip prints were traced in the normal rest position of the lips with the help of cellophane tape. The imprint of the left thumb was taken on a white chart sheet and visualized using magnifying lens. While three main types of finger prints are identified, the classification of lip prints is simplified into branched, reticular, and vertical types. Association between lip prints and finger prints was statistically tested using Chi-square test.

RESULTS

This study showed that lip and finger patterns did not reveal statistically significant results within the gender. The correlation between lip and finger patterns for gender identification, was statistically significant. In males, branched type of lip pattern associated with arch, loop, and whorl type of finger pattern was most significant. In females, vertical lip pattern associated with arch finger pattern and reticular lip pattern associated with whorl finger patterns were most significant.

CONCLUSION

We conclude that a correlative study between the lip print and finger print will be very useful in forensic science for gender identification.

Haematological changes induced by dimethoate in rat

Chronic effects of a sublethal dose (150 mg/kg body weight) of dimethoate, an organophosphorus insecticide, on blood constituents were investigated in rats after exposure of 15 and 30 days. A significant decrease was observed in haemoglobin concentration, total RBC and WBC counts and in haematocrit values. After 30 days of exposure, the levels of blood glucose, cholesterol, urea, total bilirubin and the activities of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic- pyruvic transaminase and amylase markedly increased, but the activities of acid phosphatase and cholinesterase significantly decreased. There was no effect on total plasma protein content. The rats exposed to dimethoate for 30 days showed more prominent changes in all the blood constituents than those exposed for 15 days.