1
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Lee C, Beauchemin K, Dijkstra J, Morris D, Nichols K, Kononoff P, Vyas D. Estimates of daily oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and heat production for beef and dairy cattle using spot gas sampling. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9623-9638. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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2
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Simard A, Taher N, Mishra A, Beauchemin K, Vasylieva N, Morisseau C, Madden D. 421: Nanobody-mediated inhibition of CFTR inhibitory factor: A tale of 2 mechanisms. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Jiao P, Ma F, Beauchemin K, AlZahal O, Xie X, Yang W. Effect of mixed live yeast and lactic acid bacteria on in vitro fermentation with varying media pH using a high-grain or high-forage diet. Can J Anim Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of media pH and mixtures (SCEF) of live yeast [Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC)] and lactic acid bacteria [Enterococcus faecium (EF)] on gas production (GP), dry matter disappearance (DMD), and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in batch culture using either high-forage (HF) or high-grain (HG) diets. Diets were evaluated in separate experiments, each as a complete randomized design with 2 (media pH 5.8 and 6.5) × 5 (control, three SCEF, monensin) factorial arrangement of treatments. The SCEF had varying ratios of SC:EF: 0:0 (control), 1.18:1 (SCEF1), 1.25:1 (SCEF2), and 1.32:1 (SCEF3), added on a log10 basis. For the HF diet, supplementation of SCEF had greater GP (P = 0.03) at pH 6.5 and greater DMD (P = 0.03) and VFA concentration (P < 0.01) at pH 5.8 and 6.5 than control. For the HG diet, acetate:propionate (A:P) ratio at pH 6.5 was greater (P = 0.05) for SCEF than control. Increasing ratio of SC to EF in SCEF linearly (P < 0.01) decreased GP and DMD and linearly increased acetate percentage at pH 6.5. These results suggest that optimizing the SC:EF ratio in a mixture of SCEF can help improve rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.X. Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150038, China
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - F.C. Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150038, China
| | - K.A. Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - O. AlZahal
- AB Vista Feed Ingredients, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, UK
| | - X.L. Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150038, China
| | - W.Z. Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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4
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Aboagye I, Baron V, Oba M, Guyader J, Beauchemin K. In vitro degradation and methane production of short-season corn hybrids harvested before or after a light frost. Can J Anim Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In western Canada, short-season corn silage production is increasing due to its potentially high nutritive value. The objective of this study was to determine variability and relationships among nutrient concentration, degradability, and methane (CH4) production of short-season whole-plant corn hybrids harvested before or after light frost (−1.5 °C). Four hybrids, based on their corn heat unit rating (≤2600, CHU rating), were grown in 2 yr in central and southern Alberta (AB) with two field replications. The batch culture and Daisy fermenter techniques were used to characterize degradability and gas production measurements. At both locations, dry matter (DM) concentration was affected by harvest and hybrid (P ≤ 0.02). However, starch and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations differed (P ≤ 0.01) or tended (P = 0.07) to differ among harvest and hybrid only in central AB. Over both locations and harvest times, CH4production was related negatively to propionate and positively to acetate proportions. In conclusion, harvesting southern AB hybrids after frost increased DM concentration and NDF degradability with no effect on CH4emissions, but the high DM concentration may negatively affect silage quality and animal performance. Harvesting central AB hybrids after frost increased DM and starch concentrations, while reducing CH4emissions but had limited effects on nutrient degradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.A. Aboagye
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Lethbridge, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - V.S. Baron
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - M. Oba
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Lethbridge, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - J. Guyader
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - K.A. Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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5
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McGeough E, Passetti L, Chung Y, Beauchemin K, McGinn S, Harstad O, Crow G, McAllister T. Methane emissions, feed intake, and total tract digestibility in lambs fed diets differing in fat content and fibre digestibility. Can J Anim Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study determined enteric methane (CH4) emissions, intake, and apparent total tract digestibility of diets varying in fibre digestibility and fat content. A Latin square design with two levels of fat [2.0% and 6.0% dry matter (DM); low and high] and two levels of fibre digestibility [low fibre digestibility (LFbD) or high fibre digestibility (HFbD)] was used. Higher dry matter intake (DMI) was observed (P < 0.01) for LFbD versus HFbD diets (2.56 vs. 2.14 kg d−1, respectively), with no effect of fat. Fibre, DM, and organic matter digestibility were higher (P < 0.01) for HFbD than LFbD diets. Increasing fat did not affect intake or digestibility of DM or dietary constituents but there was a fibre digestibility × fat content interaction (P < 0.01) for fat digestibility. There was also a fat content × fibre digestibility interaction (P < 0.05) for CH4 (g kg−1 DMI, organic matter intake, neutral detergent fibre intake, and percent gross energy intake), with emissions being higher when fat was added to the HFbD than the LFbD diet. The CH4 emissions per kilogram of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digested were higher (P < 0.01) for the HFbD than the LFbD diet. Methane emissions were increased by the HFbD diet, but inclusion of fat had a differential impact on CH4 emissions as a proportion of DMI or NDF intake in diets differing in fibre digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.J. McGeough
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - L.C.G. Passetti
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Y.H. Chung
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - K.A. Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - S.M. McGinn
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - O.M. Harstad
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås NO-1432, Norway
| | - G. Crow
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - T.A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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Alvarez-Hess P, Moate P, Williams S, Jacobs J, Beauchemin K, Hannah M, Durmic Z, Eckard R. Effect of combining wheat grain with nitrate, fat or 3-nitrooxypropanol on in vitro methane production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nasrollahi S, Zali A, Ghorbani G, Kahyani A, Beauchemin K. Short communication: Blood metabolites, body reserves, and feed efficiency of high-producing dairy cows that varied in ruminal pH when fed a high-concentrate diet. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:672-677. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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McAllister T, Saleem A, Ribeiro G, Yang W, Ran T, Beauchemin K, McGeough E, Ominski K, Okine E. 102 Effect of engineered biocarbon on rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and methane production in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC) fed a high forage diet. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - A Saleem
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lethbridge Research and Development Centre; Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523,Egypt, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - G Ribeiro
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - W Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - T Ran
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - K Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - E McGeough
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - K Ominski
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - E Okine
- University of Lethbridge,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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9
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Koenig K, Beauchemin K, McGinn S. PSX-22 Feeding condensed and hydrolysable tannins in high protein finishing diets to beef cattle to reduce ammonia emissions from manure. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Koenig
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - K Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - S McGinn
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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10
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Ran T, Shen Y, Saleem A, Chen L, AlZahal O, Beauchemin K, Yang W. 69 Effects of supplementing ruminally protected and non-protected active dried yeast on growth performance and carcass traits in finishing beef steers. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Ran
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha, Hunan 410125,China, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Y Shen
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre/Yangzhou University,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - A Saleem
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lethbridge Research and Development Centre; Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - L Chen
- University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - K Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - W Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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11
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Chibisa G, Beauchemin K, Penner G. PSXIII-18 The optimum dietary forage inclusion level for finishing cattle fed diets containing corn dried distillers grains. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Chibisa
- University of Idaho, Animal and Veterinary Science,Moscow, ID, United States
| | - K Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - G Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan,Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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12
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Lagrange S, Guevara Ballesteros R, Beauchemin K, MacAdam J, Villalba J. PSXI-31 Methane emissions by cattle grazing tannin-containing legumes. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Lagrange
- Utah State University and INTA EEA Bordenave, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Logan, UT, United States
| | | | - K Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - J MacAdam
- Utah State University,Logan, UT, United States
| | - J Villalba
- Utah State University,Logan, UT, United States
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13
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Romero-Pérez A, Alemu A, Araujo R, Beauchemin K. 98 Effect of slow release nitrate and essential oil on animal performance and methane emissions from feedlot cattle fed high-grain finishing diets. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Romero-Pérez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia,Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Alemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - R Araujo
- GRASP Indústria e Comércio LTDA,Curitiba, Brazil
| | - K Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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14
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Ribeiro G, Badhan A, Huang J, Beauchemin K, Yang W, Wang Y, Tsang A, McAllister T. PSX-15 Screening recombinant fibrolytic enzymes for improved ruminal fiber degradability of barley straw. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Ribeiro
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - A Badhan
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - J Huang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang, Hebei,China (People’s Republic)
| | - K Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, ON, Canada
| | - W Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, ON, Canada
| | - Y Wang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Lethridge, ON, Canada
| | - A Tsang
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University,Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - T McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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15
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Ran T, Shen Y, Saleem A, Ametaj B, AlZahal O, Beauchemin K, Yang W. WPSIII-4 Supplementation of high-grain diet with ADY either as-is or encapsulated reduces fecal E. coli counts of finishing beef steers. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Ran
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China,Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Y Shen
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre/Yangzhou University,Lethbridge, AB,Canada
| | - A Saleem
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lethbridge Research and Development Centre; Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - B Ametaj
- University of Alberta,Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - O AlZahal
- AB Vista, UK, Marlborough, United Kingdom
| | - K Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - W Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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16
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Villalba J, MacAdam J, Beauchemin K. 428 Platform Speaker: Nutrients and plant secondary compounds in pasturelands and their ecological services. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Villalba
- Utah State University,Logan, UT, United States
| | - J MacAdam
- Utah State University,Logan, UT, United States
| | - K Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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17
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Koenig K, Coulombe J, Beauchemin K, McGinn S. PSXI-16 A multiple flux chamber system to evaluate nutritional strategies for beef cattle to mitigate ammonia emission potential of manure. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Koenig
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - J Coulombe
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - K Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - S McGinn
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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18
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Alemu A, Romero-Pérez A, Araujo R, Beauchemin K. PSXVII-31 Late-Breaking: Effect of dietary addition of slow release nitrate and essential oil on animal performance and methane emissions from backgrounded cattle fed high-forage diets. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Alemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - A Romero-Pérez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia,Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Araujo
- GRASP Indústria e Comércio LTDA,Curitiba, Brazil
| | - K Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre,Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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19
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Jiao P, He Z, Ding S, Walker N, Cong Y, Liu F, Beauchemin K, Yang W. Impact of strain and dose of live yeast and yeast derivatives on in vitro ruminal fermentation of a high-grain diet at two pH levels. Can J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of live yeast (LY) or yeast derivatives (YD) on gas production (GP), dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD), fermentation characteristics, and microbial profiles in batch culture. The study was a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement: 2 media pH × 5 yeasts × 4 dosages. An additional treatment of monensin (Mon) was added as a positive control for each pH level. Media pH was low (5.8) and high (6.5); the yeasts were three LY (LY1-3) and two YD (YD4-5); and doses were 0, 4 × 106, 8 × 106, and 1.6 × 107 cfu mL−1 for LY and 0, 15, 30, and 60 mg bottle−1 for YD. Substrate consisted of 10% silage and 90% concentrate (DM basis) and samples were incubated for 24 h. Media pH of 6.5 vs. 5.8, increased (P < 0.01) GP, DMD, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations but decreased (P < 0.01) NH3-N concentration and copy numbers of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Selenomonas ruminantium. Increasing dose of LY2 linearly (P < 0.05) increased DMD. Total VFA concentration was greater with LY2 (P < 0.01) than LY3 and YD5 at pH 6.5. Overall, adding yeast products improved (P < 0.05) DMD at pH 5.8, and increased VFA concentration compared with Mon. These results indicate that in vitro GP and DMD of a high-grain diet varied with source and dose of yeast supplementation. Some yeast products have the potential to improve fermentation of feedlot diets when supplemented at appropriate doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.X. Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, People’s Republic of China
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4P4, Canada
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Z.X. He
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4P4, Canada
| | - S. Ding
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4P4, Canada
| | - N.D. Walker
- AB Vista Feed Ingredients, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, UK
| | - Y.Y. Cong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, People’s Republic of China
| | - F.Z. Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
| | - K.A. Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4P4, Canada
| | - W.Z. Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4P4, Canada
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20
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Moate P, Williams S, Jacobs J, Hannah M, Beauchemin K, Eckard R, Wales W. Wheat is more potent than corn or barley for dietary mitigation of enteric methane emissions from dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7139-7153. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Jiao P, Wei L, Walker N, Liu F, Chen L, Beauchemin K, Yang W. Comparison of non-encapsulated and encapsulated active dried yeast on ruminal pH and fermentation, and site and extent of feed digestion in beef heifers fed high-grain diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Mohammed R, Vyas D, Yang W, Beauchemin K. Changes in the relative population size of selected ruminal bacteria following an induced episode of acidosis in beef heifers receiving viable and non-viable active dried yeast. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:1483-1496. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Mohammed
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lethbridge AB Canada
| | - D. Vyas
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lethbridge AB Canada
| | - W.Z. Yang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lethbridge AB Canada
| | - K.A. Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lethbridge AB Canada
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23
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Naderi N, Ghorbani G, Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi A, Nasrollahi S, Beauchemin K. Shredded beet pulp substituted for corn silage in diets fed to dairy cows under ambient heat stress: Feed intake, total-tract digestibility, plasma metabolites, and milk production. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8847-8857. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Romero J, Macias E, Ma Z, Martins R, Staples C, Beauchemin K, Adesogan A. Improving the performance of dairy cattle with a xylanase-rich exogenous enzyme preparation. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:3486-3496. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Ghafari M, Shahraki AF, Nasrollahi S, Amini H, Beauchemin K. Cumin seed improves nutrient intake and milk production by dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Romero-Pérez A, Okine E, Guan L, Duval S, Kindermann M, Beauchemin K. Effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol on methane production using the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Aboagye I, Lynch J, Church J, Baah J, Beauchemin K. Digestibility and growth performance of sheep fed alfalfa hay treated with fibrolytic enzymes and a ferulic acid esterase producing bacterial additive. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Lynch J, Baah J, Beauchemin K. Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:1214-24. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Li Y, Beauchemin K, McAllister T, Yang W. Intakes and excretion route of nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfur by finishing beef heifers fed increasing levels of wheat dried distillers grains with solubles to substitute for barley grain and barley silage. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Vyas D, Uwizeye A, Yang W, Beauchemin K. Importance of yeast viability for reducing the effects of ruminal acidosis in beef heifers during and following an imposed acidosis challenge. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Lynch J, Jin L, Lara E, Baah J, Beauchemin K. The effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant on the fibre degradability, chemical composition and conservation characteristics of alfalfa silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Kahyani A, Ghorbani G, Khorvash M, Nasrollahi S, Beauchemin K. Effects of alfalfa hay particle size in high-concentrate diets supplemented with unsaturated fat: Chewing behavior, total-tract digestibility, and milk production of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:7110-7119. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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He Z, Wu D, Sun Z, Tan Z, Qiao J, Ran T, Tang S, Zhou C, Han X, Wang M, Kang J, Beauchemin K. Protein or energy restriction during late gestation alters fetal growth and visceral organ mass: An evidence of intrauterine programming in goats. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 137:177-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Mohammed R, Stevenson D, Weimer P, Penner G, Beauchemin K. Individual animal variability in ruminal bacterial communities and ruminal acidosis in primiparous Holstein cows during the periparturient period. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:6716-30. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Mc Geough E, Little S, Janzen H, McAllister T, McGinn S, Beauchemin K. Life-cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from dairy production in Eastern Canada: A case study. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:5164-5175. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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He M, Yang W, Dugan M, Beauchemin K, McKinnon J, McAllister T. Substitution of wheat dried distillers grains with solubles for barley silage and barley grain in a finishing diet increases polyunsaturated fatty acids including linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids in beef. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Veiga-Castelli LC, Castelli EC, Beauchemin K, Donadi EA, Roger M. A novel HLA-E allele, E*01:03:05, identified in two Brazilian individuals. Tissue Antigens 2012; 80:200-1. [PMID: 22594712 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2012.01892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a novel non-classical class I HLA-E allele found in the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Veiga-Castelli
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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38
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Li C, Li J, Yang W, Beauchemin K. Ruminal and intestinal amino acid digestion of distiller's grain vary with grain source and milling process. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Li C, Li J, Beauchemin K, Yang W. Forage proportion and particle length affects the supply of amino acids in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:2685-96. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Chung YH, Zhou M, Holtshausen L, Alexander T, McAllister T, Guan L, Oba M, Beauchemin K. A fibrolytic enzyme additive for lactating Holstein cow diets: Ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, and enteric methane emissions. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:1419-27. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Veiga-Castelli LC, Castelli EC, Mendes CT, da Silva WA, Faucher MC, Beauchemin K, Roger M, Moreau P, Donadi EA. Non-classical HLA-E gene variability in Brazilians: a nearly invariable locus surrounded by the most variable genes in the human genome. Tissue Antigens 2012; 79:15-24. [PMID: 22050290 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The non-classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genes present a very low rate of variation. So far, only 10 HLA-E alleles encoding three proteins have been described, but only two are frequently found in worldwide populations. Because of its historical background, Brazilians are very suitable for population genetic studies. Therefore, 104 bone marrow donors from Brazil were evaluated for HLA-E exons 1-4. Seven variation sites were found, including two known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at positions +424 and +756 and five new SNPs at positions +170 (intron 1), +1294 (intron 3), +1625, +1645 and +1857 (exon 4). Haplotyping analysis did show eight haplotypes, three of them known as E*01:01:01, E*01:03:01 and E*01:03:02:01 and five HLA-E new alleles that carry the new variation sites. The HLA-E*01:01:01 allele was the predominant haplotype (62.50%), followed by E*01:03:02:01 (24.52%). Selective neutrality tests have disclosed an interesting pattern of selective pressures in which balancing selection is probably shaping allele frequency distributions at an SNP at exon 3 (codon 107), sequence diversity at exon 4 and the non-coding regions is facing significant purifying pressure. Even in an admixed population such as the Brazilian one, the HLA-E locus is very conserved, presenting few polymorphic SNPs in the coding region.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Veiga-Castelli
- Divisão de Imunologia Clínica, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
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42
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Mohammed R, McGinn S, Beauchemin K. Prediction of enteric methane output from milk fatty acid concentrations and rumen fermentation parameters in dairy cows fed sunflower, flax, or canola seeds. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:6057-68. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Holtshausen L, Beauchemin K, Schwartzkopf-Genswein K, González L, McAllister T, Gibb D. Performance, feeding behaviour and rumen pH profile of beef cattle fed corn silage in combination with barley grain, corn or wheat distillers’ grain or wheat middlings. Can J Anim Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2011-037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Holtshausen, L., Beauchemin, K. A., Schwartzkopf-Genswein, K. S., González, L. A., McAllister, T. A. and Gibb, D. J. 2011. Performance, feeding behaviour and rumen pH profile of beef cattle fed corn silage in combination with barley grain, corn or wheat distillers’ grain or wheat middlings. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 703–710. This study compared growth performance, feeding behaviour and ruminal pH profile of growing beef heifers fed a total mixed ration (TMR) containing corn silage and either [400 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)] barley grain (CTL), corn dried distillers’ grain with solubles (CDDGS), wheat dried distillers’ grain with solubles (WDDGS) or wheat middlings (WM). Eighty beef heifers (16 ruminally cannulated; 301±34 kg) were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to eight feedlot pens for a 70-d backgrounding study. Pens were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments and equipped with the GrowSafe feed intake system for determining individual feed intake and monitoring feeding behaviour. Dry matter intake (DMI) was lower (P<0.01) and average daily gain (ADG) tended to be lower for CTL (P=0.06) heifers as compared with heifers on other treatments. Feed conversion efficiency (i.e., gain to feed ratio; P=0.41) and feeding behaviour and ruminal pH profile measurements (P>0.05) did not differ among treatments. This study illustrates that barley grain can be replaced by corn dried distillers’ grain, wheat dried distillers’ grain or wheat middlings in diets fed to growing beef cattle without compromising feed conversion efficiency, adversely affecting feeding behaviour (e.g., decreased meal frequency and duration) or increasing the incidence of ruminal acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - L.A. González
- Current address: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Townsville, Queensland, Australia 4814
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DeVries T, Holtshausen L, Oba M, Beauchemin K. Effect of parity and stage of lactation on feed sorting behavior of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:4039-45. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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46
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Mohammed R, Zhou M, Koenig K, Beauchemin K, Guan L. Evaluation of rumen methanogen diversity in cattle fed diets containing dry corn distillers grains and condensed tannins using PCR-DGGE and qRT-PCR analyses. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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Beauchemin K, Janzen H, Little S, McAllister T, McGinn S. Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from beef production in western Canada – Evaluation using farm-based life cycle assessment. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Avila J, Chaves A, Hernandez-Calva M, Beauchemin K, McGinn S, Wang Y, Harstad O, McAllister T. Effects of replacing barley grain in feedlot diets with increasing levels of glycerol on in vitro fermentation and methane production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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49
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Holtshausen L, Chung YH, Gerardo-Cuervo H, Oba M, Beauchemin K. Improved milk production efficiency in early lactation dairy cattle with dietary addition of a developmental fibrolytic enzyme additive. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:899-907. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Yang W, Benchaar C, Ametaj B, Beauchemin K. Dose response to eugenol supplementation in growing beef cattle: Ruminal fermentation and intestinal digestion. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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