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Pewkliang Y, Rungin S, Lerdpanyangam K, Duangmanee A, Kanjanasirirat P, Suthivanich P, Sa-Ngiamsuntorn K, Borwornpinyo S, Sattabongkot J, Patrapuvich R, Hongeng S. A novel immortalized hepatocyte-like cell line (imHC) supports in vitro liver stage development of the human malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax. Malar J 2018; 17:50. [PMID: 29370800 PMCID: PMC5785895 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eradication of malaria is difficult because of the ability of hypnozoite, the dormant liver-stage form of Plasmodium vivax, to cause relapse in patients. Research efforts to better understand the biology of P. vivax hypnozoite and design relapse prevention strategies have been hampered by the lack of a robust and reliable model for in vitro culture of liver-stage parasites. Although the HC-04 hepatoma cell line is used for culturing liver-stage forms of Plasmodium, these cells proliferate unrestrictedly and detach from the culture dish after several days, which limits their usefulness in a long-term hypnozoite assay. Methods A novel immortalized hepatocyte-like cell line (imHC) was evaluated for the capability to support P. vivax sporozoite infection. First, expression of basic hepatocyte markers and all major malaria sporozoite-associated host receptors in imHC was investigated. Next, in vitro hepatocyte infectivity and intracellular development of sporozoites in imHC were determined using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Cytochrome P450 isotype activity was also measured to determine the ability of imHC to metabolize drugs. Finally, the anti-liver-stage agent primaquine was used to test this model for a drug sensitivity assay. Results imHCs maintained major hepatic functions and expressed the essential factors CD81, SR-BI and EphA2, which are required for host entry and development of the parasite in the liver. imHCs could be maintained long-term in a monolayer without overgrowth and thus served as a good, supportive substrate for the invasion and growth of P. vivax liver stages, including hypnozoites. The observed high drug metabolism activity and potent responses in liver-stage parasites to primaquine highlight the potential use of this imHC model for antimalarial drug screening. Conclusions imHCs, which maintain a hepatocyte phenotype and drug-metabolizing enzyme expression, constitute an alternative host for in vitro Plasmodium liver-stage studies, particularly those addressing the biology of P. vivax hypnozoite. They potentially offer a novel, robust model for screening drugs against liver-stage parasites. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2198-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyut Pewkliang
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Rungin
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Siriraj Initiative in System Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kaewta Lerdpanyangam
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apisak Duangmanee
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phongthon Kanjanasirirat
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phichaya Suthivanich
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rapatbhorn Patrapuvich
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Drug Research Unit for Malaria, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Patrapuvich R, Lerdpanyangam K, Jenwithisuk R, Rungin S, Boonhok R, Duangmanee A, Yimamnuaychok N, Sattabongkot J. VIABILITY AND INFECTIVITY OF CRYOPRESERVED PLASMODIUM VIVAX SPOROZOITES. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2016; 47:171-181. [PMID: 27244953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax presents a great challenge to malaria control because of the ability of its dormant form in the liver, the hypnozoite, to cause relapse in otherwise fully recovered patient. Research efforts to better understand P. vivax hypnozoite biology have been hampered by the limited availability of its sporozoite form responsible for liver infection. Thus, the ability to cryopreserve and recover P. vivax sporozoites is an essential procedure. In this study, protective effects of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) alone and in combination with other cryoprotectants on P. vivax sporozoite recovery, viability and in vitro infectivity of a human liver HC-04 cell line were investigated. Sporozoites were harvested from P. vivax-infected female Anopheles mosquitoes and cryopreserved at a freezing rate of -1°C/minute to a final temperature of -80°C before being stored in a vapor phase liquid nitrogen tank. Cryopreserved sporozoites were thawed at 37°C and recovery of intact sporozoites assessed using a hemocytometer. Sporozoite viability and in vitro infectivity was measured using a gliding and an indirect immunofluorescence assay, respectively. A combination of 10% HES + 50% fetal bovine serum was the best cryopreservant compared to HES solution alone or mixed with cryopreservants such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and sucrose. A mixture of bovine serum albumin, DMSO and sucrose in RPMI 1640 medium constituted an alternative cryopreservant. Sporozoites recovered from all cryopreservation media exhibited motility and infectivity of < 0.1% and < 0.001%, respectively. Thus, there is an urgent need for a vast improvement in cryopreservation procedures of viable and infective P. vivax sporozoites necessary for advancing research on hypnozoite biology.
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