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Yurtdas ZY, Kilic E, Boor P, Wyler E, Landthaler M, Jung K, Schmidt-Ott KM. Grainyhead-like 2 Deficiency and Kidney Cyst Growth in a Mouse Model. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024:00001751-990000000-00296. [PMID: 38656794 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) plays a crucial role in maintaining the epithelial barrier properties of the renal collecting duct and is essential for osmoregulation. We noticed a reduction in GRHL2 expression in cysts derived from the collecting ducts in kidneys affected by Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD). However, the specific role of GRHL2 in cystic kidney disease remains unknown. METHODS The functional role of the transcription factor Grhl2 in the context of cystic kidney disease was examined through analysis of its expression pattern in patient samples with ADPKD and generating a transgenic cystic kidney disease (TCKD) mouse model by overexpressing the human proto-oncogene c-MYC in kidney collecting ducts. Next, TCKD mice bred with collecting duct-specific Grhl2 knockout mice (Grhl2KO). The resulting TCKD-Grhl2KO mice and their littermates were examined by various types of histological and biochemical assays and gene profiling analysis via RNA-seq. RESULTS A comprehensive examination of kidney samples from patients with ADPKD revealed GRHL2 downregulation in collecting duct-derived cyst epithelia. Comparative analysis of TCKD and TCKD-Grhl2KO mice exhibited that the collecting duct-specific deletion of Grhl2 resulted in markedly aggravated cyst growth, worsened kidney dysfunction, and shortened life span. Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses indicated sequential downregulation of kidney epithelial cyst development regulators (Frem2, Muc1, Cdkn2c, Pkd2, and Tsc1) during cyst progression in kidneys of TCKD-Grhl2KO mice which included presumed direct Grhl2 target genes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest GRHL2 as a potential progression modifier, especially for cysts originating from collecting ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Yesim Yurtdas
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ergin Kilic
- Medical School Hamburg, Department of Pathology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology and Department of Nephrology, University Clinic of the RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Institute für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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2
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Hinze C, Lovric S, Halloran PF, Barasch J, Schmidt-Ott KM. Epithelial cell states associated with kidney and allograft injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024:10.1038/s41581-024-00834-0. [PMID: 38632381 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The kidney epithelium, with its intricate arrangement of highly specialized cell types, constitutes the functional core of the organ. Loss of kidney epithelium is linked to the loss of functional nephrons and a subsequent decline in kidney function. In kidney transplantation, epithelial injury signatures observed during post-transplantation surveillance are strong predictors of adverse kidney allograft outcomes. However, epithelial injury is currently neither monitored clinically nor addressed therapeutically after kidney transplantation. Several factors can contribute to allograft epithelial injury, including allograft rejection, drug toxicity, recurrent infections and postrenal obstruction. The injury mechanisms that underlie allograft injury overlap partially with those associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the native kidney. Studies using advanced transcriptomic analyses of single cells from kidney or urine have identified a role for kidney injury-induced epithelial cell states in exacerbating and sustaining damage in AKI and CKD. These epithelial cell states and their associated expression signatures are also observed in transplanted kidney allografts, suggesting that the identification and characterization of transcriptomic epithelial cell states in kidney allografts may have potential clinical implications for diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hinze
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Svjetlana Lovric
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philip F Halloran
- Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplant Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan Barasch
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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3
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Swolinsky JS, Hinz RM, Markus CE, Singer E, Bachmann F, Halleck F, Kron S, Naik MG, Schmidt D, Obermeier M, Gebert P, Rauch G, Kropf S, Haase M, Budde K, Eckardt KU, Westhoff TH, Schmidt-Ott KM. Plasma NGAL levels in stable kidney transplant recipients and the risk of allograft loss. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024; 39:483-495. [PMID: 37858309 PMCID: PMC11024820 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the utility of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and calprotectin (CPT) to predict long-term graft survival in stable kidney transplant recipients (KTR). METHODS A total of 709 stable outpatient KTR were enrolled >2 months post-transplant. The utility of plasma and urinary NGAL (pNGAL, uNGAL) and plasma and urinary CPT at enrollment to predict death-censored graft loss was evaluated during a 58-month follow-up. RESULTS Among biomarkers, pNGAL showed the best predictive ability for graft loss and was the only biomarker with an area under the curve (AUC) > 0.7 for graft loss within 5 years. Patients with graft loss within 5 years (n = 49) had a median pNGAL of 304 [interquartile range (IQR) 235-358] versus 182 (IQR 128-246) ng/mL with surviving grafts (P < .001). Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analyses at 58 months indicated an AUC for pNGAL of 0.795, serum creatinine-based Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) had an AUC of 0.866. pNGAL added to a model based on conventional risk factors for graft loss with death as competing risk (age, transplant age, presence of donor-specific antibodies, presence of proteinuria, history of delayed graft function) had a strong independent association with graft loss {subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) for binary log-transformed pNGAL [log2(pNGAL)] 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.24-5.15, P < .0001}. This association was substantially attenuated when eGFR was added to the model [sHR for log2(pNGAL) 1.63, 95% CI 0.92-2.88, P = .095]. Category-free net reclassification improvement of a risk model including log2(pNGAL) in addition to conventional risk factors and eGFR was 54.3% (95% CI 9.2%-99.3%) but C-statistic did not improve significantly. CONCLUSIONS pNGAL was an independent predictor of renal allograft loss in stable KTR from one transplant center but did not show consistent added value when compared with baseline predictors including the conventional marker eGFR. Future studies in larger cohorts are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta S Swolinsky
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ricarda M Hinz
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin E Markus
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eugenia Singer
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Bachmann
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Halleck
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Kron
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel G Naik
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Danilo Schmidt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Pimrapat Gebert
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology
| | - Geraldine Rauch
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology
| | - Siegfried Kropf
- Institute of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Haase
- Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Diaverum Renal Services, MVZ Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timm H Westhoff
- Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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4
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Proft S, Leiz J, Heinemann U, Seelow D, Schmidt-Ott KM, Rutkiewicz M. Discovery of a non-canonical GRHL1 binding site using deep convolutional and recurrent neural networks. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:736. [PMID: 38049725 PMCID: PMC10696883 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factors regulate gene expression by binding to transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). Most models for predicting TFBSs are based on position weight matrices (PWMs), which require a specific motif to be present in the DNA sequence and do not consider interdependencies of nucleotides. Novel approaches such as Transcription Factor Flexible Models or recurrent neural networks consequently provide higher accuracies. However, it is unclear whether such approaches can uncover novel non-canonical, hitherto unexpected TFBSs relevant to human transcriptional regulation. RESULTS In this study, we trained a convolutional recurrent neural network with HT-SELEX data for GRHL1 binding and applied it to a set of GRHL1 binding sites obtained from ChIP-Seq experiments from human cells. We identified 46 non-canonical GRHL1 binding sites, which were not found by a conventional PWM approach. Unexpectedly, some of the newly predicted binding sequences lacked the CNNG core motif, so far considered obligatory for GRHL1 binding. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we experimentally confirmed binding between the GRHL1-DNA binding domain and predicted GRHL1 binding sites, including a non-canonical GRHL1 binding site. Mutagenesis of individual nucleotides revealed a correlation between predicted binding strength and experimentally validated binding affinity across representative sequences. This correlation was neither observed with a PWM-based nor another deep learning approach. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that convolutional recurrent neural networks may uncover unanticipated binding sites and facilitate quantitative transcription factor binding predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Proft
- Exploratory Diagnostic Sciences, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janna Leiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Udo Heinemann
- Macromolecular Structure and Interaction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dominik Seelow
- Exploratory Diagnostic Sciences, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maria Rutkiewicz
- Macromolecular Structure and Interaction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Structural Biology of Eukaryotes, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, 61-704, Poland
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5
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Beger C, Mayerböck A, Klein K, Karg T, Schmidt-Ott KM, Randerath O, Limbourg FP. Current practice of blood pressure measurement in Germany: a nationwide questionnaire-based survey in medical practices. Blood Press 2023; 32:2165901. [PMID: 36637453 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2023.2165901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Discrepancies exist between guideline recommendations and real-world practice of blood pressure (BP) measurements. The aim of this study was to assess, with a nationwide, questionnaire-based survey, the current practice of BP measurement and associated BP values in German medical practices. MATERIAL AND METHODS A nationwide survey in German medical practices was performed in the period from 10 May 2021 to 15 August 2021. The questionnaire was divided into five sections. The current office BP (OBP) values as well as the current drug therapy were recorded. In addition, the implementation of office BP (OBP) and home BP monitoring (HBPM) was queried. For analysis, questionnaires were scanned and automatically digitised. RESULTS A total of 7049 questionnaires were analysed, the majority of which came from general practitioners (66%) and internal medicine practices (34%). The average OBP (SD) was 140.0 (18)/82.7 (11) mmHg. 40.8% of treated patients had OBP in the controlled range, with monotherapy (34.7%) or dual combination therapy (38.2%) prescribed in most cases. OBP was taken from a single measurement in 66.3% of cases, and in 21.8% from 23 measurements. OBP was mostly measured after a rest period (87.1%) and in a separate room (80.4%). HBPM was performed in 62.3% of patients; however, in 24.9% of the participants HBP measurements were recorded once a week or less. CONCLUSION In this nationwide survey in German medical practices, BP control remains at below 50%, while monotherapy is prescribed in around one third of patients. Moreover, office measurements and HBPM are often not performed according to current guideline recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Beger
- Vascular Medicine Research, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Astrid Mayerböck
- uzbonn - Gesellschaft für empirische Sozialforschung und Evaluation, Bonn, Germany
| | - Konrad Klein
- uzbonn - Gesellschaft für empirische Sozialforschung und Evaluation, Bonn, Germany
| | - Theresa Karg
- Vascular Medicine Research, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Olaf Randerath
- Medical Department APONTIS PHARMA Deutschland GmbH and Co. KG, Monheim, Germany
| | - Florian P Limbourg
- Vascular Medicine Research, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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6
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Weber JE, Ahmadi M, Boldt LH, Eckardt KU, Edelmann F, Gerhardt H, Grittner U, Haubold K, Hübner N, Kollmus-Heege J, Landmesser U, Leistner DM, Mai K, Müller DN, Nolte CH, Pieske B, Piper SK, Rattan S, Rauch G, Schmidt S, Schmidt-Ott KM, Schönrath K, Schulz-Menger J, Schweizerhof O, Siegerink B, Spranger J, Ramachandran VS, Witzenrath M, Endres M, Pischon T. Protocol of the Berlin Long-term Observation of Vascular Events (BeLOVE): a prospective cohort study with deep phenotyping and long-term follow up of cardiovascular high-risk patients. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076415. [PMID: 37907297 PMCID: PMC10618970 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Berlin Long-term Observation of Vascular Events is a prospective cohort study that aims to improve prediction and disease-overarching mechanistic understanding of cardiovascular (CV) disease progression by comprehensively investigating a high-risk patient population with different organ manifestations. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A total of 8000 adult patients will be recruited who have either suffered an acute CV event (CVE) requiring hospitalisation or who have not experienced a recent acute CVE but are at high CV risk. An initial study examination is performed during the acute treatment phase of the index CVE or after inclusion into the chronic high risk arm. Deep phenotyping is then performed after ~90 days and includes assessments of the patient's medical history, health status and behaviour, cardiovascular, nutritional, metabolic, and anthropometric parameters, and patient-related outcome measures. Biospecimens are collected for analyses including 'OMICs' technologies (e.g., genomics, metabolomics, proteomics). Subcohorts undergo MRI of the brain, heart, lung and kidney, as well as more comprehensive metabolic, neurological and CV examinations. All participants are followed up for up to 10 years to assess clinical outcomes, primarily major adverse CVEs and patient-reported (value-based) outcomes. State-of-the-art clinical research methods, as well as emerging techniques from systems medicine and artificial intelligence, will be used to identify associations between patient characteristics, longitudinal changes and outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin ethics committee (EA1/066/17). The results of the study will be disseminated through international peer-reviewed publications and congress presentations. STUDY REGISTRATION First study phase: Approved WHO primary register: German Clinical Trials Register: https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00016852; WHO International Clinical Registry Platform: http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=DRKS00016852. Recruitment started on July 18, 2017.Second study phase: Approved WHO primary register: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00023323, date of registration: November 4, 2020, URL: http://www.drks.de/ DRKS00023323. Recruitment started on January 1, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim E Weber
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research (CSB), Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Ahmadi
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif-Hendrik Boldt
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Edelmann
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Haubold
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jil Kollmus-Heege
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department for Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
| | - David M Leistner
- Department of Cardiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Mai
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H Nolte
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research (CSB), Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie K Piper
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simrit Rattan
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Geraldine Rauch
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sein Schmidt
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research (CSB), Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Schönrath
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeanette Schulz-Menger
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Schweizerhof
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bob Siegerink
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vasan S Ramachandran
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, and Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research (CSB), Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- ExellenceCluster NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Biobank Technology Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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7
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Hönzke K, Obermayer B, Mache C, Fatykhova D, Kessler M, Dökel S, Wyler E, Baumgardt M, Löwa A, Hoffmann K, Graff P, Schulze J, Mieth M, Hellwig K, Demir Z, Biere B, Brunotte L, Mecate-Zambrano A, Bushe J, Dohmen M, Hinze C, Elezkurtaj S, Tönnies M, Bauer TT, Eggeling S, Tran HL, Schneider P, Neudecker J, Rückert JC, Schmidt-Ott KM, Busch J, Klauschen F, Horst D, Radbruch H, Radke J, Heppner F, Corman VM, Niemeyer D, Müller MA, Goffinet C, Mothes R, Pascual-Reguant A, Hauser AE, Beule D, Landthaler M, Ludwig S, Suttorp N, Witzenrath M, Gruber AD, Drosten C, Sander LE, Wolff T, Hippenstiel S, Hocke AC. Human lungs show limited permissiveness for SARS-CoV-2 due to scarce ACE2 levels but virus-induced expansion of inflammatory macrophages. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2102725. [PMID: 35728978 PMCID: PMC9712848 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02725-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilises the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transmembrane peptidase as cellular entry receptor. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 in the alveolar compartment is strictly ACE2-dependent and to what extent virus-induced tissue damage and/or direct immune activation determines early pathogenesis is still elusive. METHODS Spectral microscopy, single-cell/-nucleus RNA sequencing or ACE2 "gain-of-function" experiments were applied to infected human lung explants and adult stem cell derived human lung organoids to correlate ACE2 and related host factors with SARS-CoV-2 tropism, propagation, virulence and immune activation compared to SARS-CoV, influenza and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) autopsy material was used to validate ex vivo results. RESULTS We provide evidence that alveolar ACE2 expression must be considered scarce, thereby limiting SARS-CoV-2 propagation and virus-induced tissue damage in the human alveolus. Instead, ex vivo infected human lungs and COVID-19 autopsy samples showed that alveolar macrophages were frequently positive for SARS-CoV-2. Single-cell/-nucleus transcriptomics further revealed nonproductive virus uptake and a related inflammatory and anti-viral activation, especially in "inflammatory alveolar macrophages", comparable to those induced by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but different from NL63 or influenza virus infection. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings indicate that severe lung injury in COVID-19 probably results from a macrophage-triggered immune activation rather than direct viral damage of the alveolar compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Hönzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Contributed equally
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
- Contributed equally
| | - Christin Mache
- Unit 17 "Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses", Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany
- Contributed equally
| | - Diana Fatykhova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjana Kessler
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Dökel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and IRI Life Sciences, Institute for Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Morris Baumgardt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Löwa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Hoffmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Graff
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Schulze
- Unit 17 "Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses", Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Mieth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Hellwig
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zeynep Demir
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Biere
- Unit 17 "Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses", Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Brunotte
- Institute of Virology, Westfaelische Wilhelms Universität, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Judith Bushe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Dohmen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hinze
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sefer Elezkurtaj
- Department of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Tönnies
- HELIOS Clinic Emil von Behring, Department of Pneumology and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chest Hospital Heckeshorn, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten T Bauer
- HELIOS Clinic Emil von Behring, Department of Pneumology and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chest Hospital Heckeshorn, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Eggeling
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vivantes Clinics Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hong-Linh Tran
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vivantes Clinics Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Schneider
- Department for Thoracic Surgery, DRK Clinics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Neudecker
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens C Rückert
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Busch
- Clinic for Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- Department of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Department of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Institute for Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Radke
- Institute for Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Heppner
- Institute for Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronja Mothes
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Pascual-Reguant
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Erika Hauser
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and IRI Life Sciences, Institute for Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology, Westfaelische Wilhelms Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif-Erik Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Unit 17 "Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses", Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Klocke J, Kim SJ, Skopnik CM, Hinze C, Boltengagen A, Metzke D, Grothgar E, Prskalo L, Wagner L, Freund P, Görlich N, Muench F, Schmidt-Ott KM, Mashreghi MF, Kocks C, Eckardt KU, Rajewsky N, Enghard P. Urinary single-cell sequencing captures kidney injury and repair processes in human acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2022; 102:1359-1370. [PMID: 36049643 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major health issue, the outcome of which depends primarily on damage and reparative processes of tubular epithelial cells. Mechanisms underlying AKI remain incompletely understood, specific therapies are lacking and monitoring the course of AKI in clinical routine is confined to measuring urine output and plasma levels of filtration markers. Here we demonstrate feasibility and potential of a novel approach to assess the cellular and molecular dynamics of AKI by establishing a robust urine-to-single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) pipeline for excreted kidney cells via flow cytometry sorting. We analyzed 42,608 single cell transcriptomes of 40 urine samples from 32 patients with AKI and compared our data with reference material from human AKI post-mortem biopsies and published mouse data. We demonstrate that tubular epithelial cells transcriptomes mirror kidney pathology and reflect distinct injury and repair processes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue rearrangement. We also describe an AKI-specific abundant urinary excretion of adaptive progenitor-like cells. Thus, single cell transcriptomics of kidney cells excreted in urine provides noninvasive, unprecedented insight into cellular processes underlying AKI, thereby opening novel opportunities for target identification, AKI sub-categorization, and monitoring of natural disease course and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Klocke
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Seung Joon Kim
- Systems Biology of Gene-Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher M Skopnik
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hinze
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anastasiya Boltengagen
- Systems Biology of Gene-Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Metzke
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emil Grothgar
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luka Prskalo
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie Wagner
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Freund
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Görlich
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frédéric Muench
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Kocks
- Systems Biology of Gene-Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Systems Biology of Gene-Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Enghard
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Mansour F, Hinze C, Telugu NS, Kresoja J, Shaheed IB, Mosimann C, Diecke S, Schmidt-Ott KM. The centrosomal protein 83 (CEP83) regulates human pluripotent stem cell differentiation towards the kidney lineage. eLife 2022; 11:80165. [PMID: 36222666 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, the mesoderm undergoes patterning into diverse lineages including axial, paraxial, and lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Within the LPM, the so-called intermediate mesoderm (IM) forms kidney and urogenital tract progenitor cells, while the remaining LPM forms cardiovascular, hematopoietic, mesothelial, and additional progenitor cells. The signals that regulate these early lineage decisions are incompletely understood. Here, we found that the centrosomal protein 83 (CEP83), a centriolar component necessary for primary cilia formation and mutated in pediatric kidney disease, influences the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) towards intermediate mesoderm. We induced inactivating deletions of CEP83 in hiPSCs and applied a 7 day in vitro protocol of intermediate mesoderm kidney progenitor differentiation, based on timed application of WNT and FGF agonists. We characterized induced mesodermal cell populations using single cell and bulk transcriptomics and tested their ability to form kidney structures in subsequent organoid culture. While hiPSCs with homozygous CEP83 inactivation were normal regarding morphology and transcriptome, their induced differentiation into IM progenitor cells was perturbed. Mesodermal cells induced after 7 days of monolayer culture of CEP83-deficient hiPCS exhibited absent or elongated primary cilia, displayed decreased expression of critical IM genes (PAX8, EYA1, HOXB7), and an aberrant induction of LPM markers (e. g. FOXF1, FOXF2, FENDRR, HAND1, HAND2). Upon subsequent organoid culture, wildtype cells differentiated to form kidney tubules and glomerular-like structures, whereas CEP83-deficient cells failed to generate kidney cell types, instead upregulating cardiomyocyte, vascular, and more general LPM progenitor markers. Our data suggest that CEP83 regulates the balance of intermediate mesoderm and lateral plate mesoderm formation from human pluripotent stem cells, identifying a potential link between centriolar or ciliary function and mesodermal lineage induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Mansour
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hinze
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Narasimha Swamy Telugu
- Technology Platform Pluripotent Stem Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jelena Kresoja
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | | | - Christian Mosimann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Sebastian Diecke
- Technology Platform Pluripotent Stem Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects many hospitalized patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality even at milder and reversible stages. The current clinical definition relies on serum creatinine increases or a decreased urinary output. However, both parameters are of limited use because of poor sensitivity, specificity, and timeliness. Furthermore, the complex pathophysiology and diverse etiologies underlying AKI confound these issues. Precise biomarkers for specific aspects of AKI are needed. Earlier AKI biomarkers were unsuccessful in addressing these needs because they either lacked sensitivity and specificity or failed to aid in guiding clinical management. The advent of single cell transcriptomics technologies provides an unprecedented opportunity to analyze cells from urine, blood, or kidney biopsies to elucidate the detailed, cell-specific, molecular responses in AKI. These technologies uncover the cellular sources of traditional biomarkers, capture patient heterogeneity, define cell states associated with different AKI subtypes, and might eventually help to predict therapeutic response. We discuss how single cell technologies might transform diagnostic approaches to AKI by moving from single biomarkers to cell-specific molecular signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hinze
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertensiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertensiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Hinze C, Kocks C, Leiz J, Karaiskos N, Boltengagen A, Cao S, Skopnik CM, Klocke J, Hardenberg JH, Stockmann H, Gotthardt I, Obermayer B, Haghverdi L, Wyler E, Landthaler M, Bachmann S, Hocke AC, Corman V, Busch J, Schneider W, Himmerkus N, Bleich M, Eckardt KU, Enghard P, Rajewsky N, Schmidt-Ott KM. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals common epithelial response patterns in human acute kidney injury. Genome Med 2022; 14:103. [PMID: 36085050 PMCID: PMC9462075 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently in critically ill patients and is associated with adverse outcomes. Cellular mechanisms underlying AKI and kidney cell responses to injury remain incompletely understood. Methods We performed single-nuclei transcriptomics, bulk transcriptomics, molecular imaging studies, and conventional histology on kidney tissues from 8 individuals with severe AKI (stage 2 or 3 according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria). Specimens were obtained within 1–2 h after individuals had succumbed to critical illness associated with respiratory infections, with 4 of 8 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. Control kidney tissues were obtained post-mortem or after nephrectomy from individuals without AKI. Results High-depth single cell-resolved gene expression data of human kidneys affected by AKI revealed enrichment of novel injury-associated cell states within the major cell types of the tubular epithelium, in particular in proximal tubules, thick ascending limbs, and distal convoluted tubules. Four distinct, hierarchically interconnected injured cell states were distinguishable and characterized by transcriptome patterns associated with oxidative stress, hypoxia, interferon response, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, respectively. Transcriptome differences between individuals with AKI were driven primarily by the cell type-specific abundance of these four injury subtypes rather than by private molecular responses. AKI-associated changes in gene expression between individuals with and without COVID-19 were similar. Conclusions The study provides an extensive resource of the cell type-specific transcriptomic responses associated with critical illness-associated AKI in humans, highlighting recurrent disease-associated signatures and inter-individual heterogeneity. Personalized molecular disease assessment in human AKI may foster the development of tailored therapies.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-022-01108-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hinze
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Kocks
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janna Leiz
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikos Karaiskos
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anastasiya Boltengagen
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuang Cao
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Mark Skopnik
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Klocke
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hardenberg
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Stockmann
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inka Gotthardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Laleh Haghverdi
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Institute for Functional Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Busch
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schneider
- Department of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Himmerkus
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Bleich
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Enghard
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Foundation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Swolinsky JS, Molitoris BA, Schmidt-Ott KM. Response to Letter to the editor regarding 'Discordance between estimated and measured changes in plasma volume among patients with acute heart failure'. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:2762-2763. [PMID: 35561098 PMCID: PMC9288792 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jutta S Swolinsky
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12203, Germany
| | | | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12203, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Schmidt-Ott KM, Swolinsky J. [Prevention of acute kidney injury]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2022; 147:236-245. [PMID: 35226922 DOI: 10.1055/a-1609-0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients and is a common complication in the intensive care unit. Identification of patients at risk, elimination of modifiable risk factors and initiation of recommended preventive measures are the main cornerstones to prevent the onset and progression of acute kidney injury. Clinical and biomarker-based risk scores can help assess AKI-risk in specific patient populations. To date, there is no approved clinically effective drug to prevent AKI. Current guidelines suggest preventive care bundles that include optimizing volume status and renal perfusion by improving mean arterial pressure and using vasopressors, mainly norepinephrine. In addition, avoidance of volume overload and the targeted use of diuretics to achieve euvolemia are recommended. Nephrotoxic drugs require a critical risk-benefit assessment and therapeutic drug monitoring when appropriate. Contrast imaging should not be withheld from patients at risk of AKI when indicated but contrast medium should be limited to the smallest possible volume. Finally, recommendations include maintenance of normoglycemia and other measures to optimize organ function in specific patient populations.
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14
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Swolinsky JS, Tuvshinbat E, Leistner DM, Edelmann F, Knebel F, Nerger NP, Lemke C, Roehle R, Haase M, Costanzo MR, Rauch G, Mitrovic V, Gasanin E, Meier D, McCullough PA, Eckardt KU, Molitoris BA, Schmidt-Ott KM. Discordance between estimated and measured changes in plasma volume among patients with acute heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 9:66-76. [PMID: 34881523 PMCID: PMC8788058 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims In acute heart failure (AHF), changes of venous haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, haematocrit (Hct), and estimated plasma volume (ePV) have been proposed as surrogates of decongestion. These estimates are based on the theoretical assumptions that changes of Hb concentrations and Hct are driven by the intravascular volume status and that the intravascular Hb pool remains stable. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of changes of measured plasma volume (mPV) with changes of Hb, Hct, and ePV in AHF. Methods and results We studied 36 AHF patients, who received two sequential assessments of mPV, measured red cell volume (mRCV) and measured total blood volume (mTBV) (48 h apart), during the course of diuretic therapy using a novel visible fluorescent injectate (VFI) technique based on the indicator dilution principle. Changes of ePV were calculated based on the Kaplan–Hakim or Strauss formula. AHF patients receiving diuretics (median intravenous furosemide equivalent 160 mg/48 h) displayed a wide range of changes of mPV (−25.4% to +37.0%). Changes in mPV were not significantly correlated with changes of Hb concentration [Pearson's r (r) = −0.241, P = 0.157], Hct (r = −0.307, P = 0.069), ePVKaplan–Hakim (r = 0.228, P = 0.182), or ePVStrauss (r = 0.237, P = 0.163). In contrast to theoretical assumptions, changes of mTBV were poorly correlated with changes of Hb concentrations and some patients displayed unanticipated variability of mRCV, suggesting an unstable intravascular red cell pool. Conclusions Changes of Hb or Hct were not reflective of directly measured changes of intravascular volume status in AHF patients. Basing clinical assessment of decongestion on changes of Hb or Hct may misguide clinical decision‐making on an individual patient level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta S Swolinsky
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12203, Germany
| | - Enkhtuvshin Tuvshinbat
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12203, Germany
| | - David M Leistner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Edelmann
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Knebel
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas P Nerger
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12203, Germany
| | - Caroline Lemke
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12203, Germany
| | - Robert Roehle
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical Study Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Haase
- Medical Faculty, Otto von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Diaverum Renal Care Center, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Geraldine Rauch
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12203, Germany
| | - Bruce A Molitoris
- FAST BioMedical, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, 12203, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Mansour F, Boivin FJ, Shaheed IB, Schueler M, Schmidt-Ott KM. The Role of Centrosome Distal Appendage Proteins (DAPs) in Nephronophthisis and Ciliogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212253. [PMID: 34830133 PMCID: PMC8621283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is found in most mammalian cells and plays a functional role in tissue homeostasis and organ development by modulating key signaling pathways. Ciliopathies are a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders resulting from defects in cilia development and function. Patients with ciliopathic disorders exhibit a range of phenotypes that include nephronophthisis (NPHP), a progressive tubulointerstitial kidney disease that commonly results in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In recent years, distal appendages (DAPs), which radially project from the distal end of the mother centriole, have been shown to play a vital role in primary ciliary vesicle docking and the initiation of ciliogenesis. Mutations in the genes encoding these proteins can result in either a complete loss of the primary cilium, abnormal ciliary formation, or defective ciliary signaling. DAPs deficiency in humans or mice commonly results in NPHP. In this review, we outline recent advances in our understanding of the molecular functions of DAPs and how they participate in nephronophthisis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Mansour
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt;
| | - Felix J. Boivin
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iman B. Shaheed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt;
| | - Markus Schueler
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (K.M.S.-O.)
| | - Kai M. Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (F.M.); (F.J.B.)
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (K.M.S.-O.)
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16
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Gupta S, Short SAP, Sise ME, Prosek JM, Madhavan SM, Soler MJ, Ostermann M, Herrmann SM, Abudayyeh A, Anand S, Glezerman I, Motwani SS, Murakami N, Wanchoo R, Ortiz-Melo DI, Rashidi A, Sprangers B, Aggarwal V, Malik AB, Loew S, Carlos CA, Chang WT, Beckerman P, Mithani Z, Shah CV, Renaghan AD, Seigneux SD, Campedel L, Kitchlu A, Shin DS, Rangarajan S, Deshpande P, Coppock G, Eijgelsheim M, Seethapathy H, Lee MD, Strohbehn IA, Owen DH, Husain M, Garcia-Carro C, Bermejo S, Lumlertgul N, Seylanova N, Flanders L, Isik B, Mamlouk O, Lin JS, Garcia P, Kaghazchi A, Khanin Y, Kansal SK, Wauters E, Chandra S, Schmidt-Ott KM, Hsu RK, Tio MC, Sarvode Mothi S, Singh H, Schrag D, Jhaveri KD, Reynolds KL, Cortazar FB, Leaf DE. Acute kidney injury in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003467. [PMID: 34625513 PMCID: PMC8496384 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury (ICPi-AKI) has emerged as an important toxicity among patients with cancer. Methods We collected data on 429 patients with ICPi-AKI and 429 control patients who received ICPis contemporaneously but who did not develop ICPi-AKI from 30 sites in 10 countries. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of ICPi-AKI and its recovery. A multivariable Cox model was used to estimate the effect of ICPi rechallenge versus no rechallenge on survival following ICPi-AKI. Results ICPi-AKI occurred at a median of 16 weeks (IQR 8–32) following ICPi initiation. Lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, and extrarenal immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were each associated with a higher risk of ICPi-AKI. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis was the most common lesion on kidney biopsy (125/151 biopsied patients [82.7%]). Renal recovery occurred in 276 patients (64.3%) at a median of 7 weeks (IQR 3–10) following ICPi-AKI. Treatment with corticosteroids within 14 days following ICPi-AKI diagnosis was associated with higher odds of renal recovery (adjusted OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.58 to 4.41). Among patients treated with corticosteroids, early initiation of corticosteroids (within 3 days of ICPi-AKI) was associated with a higher odds of renal recovery compared with later initiation (more than 3 days following ICPi-AKI) (adjusted OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.79). Of 121 patients rechallenged, 20 (16.5%) developed recurrent ICPi-AKI. There was no difference in survival among patients rechallenged versus those not rechallenged following ICPi-AKI. Conclusions Patients who developed ICPi-AKI were more likely to have impaired renal function at baseline, use a PPI, and have extrarenal irAEs. Two-thirds of patients had renal recovery following ICPi-AKI. Treatment with corticosteroids was associated with improved renal recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Gupta
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel A P Short
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Meghan E Sise
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason M Prosek
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sethu M Madhavan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Maria Jose Soler
- Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marlies Ostermann
- Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King's College London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sandra M Herrmann
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ala Abudayyeh
- Divison of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shuchi Anand
- Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ilya Glezerman
- Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shveta S Motwani
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Survivorship Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naoka Murakami
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rimda Wanchoo
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - David I Ortiz-Melo
- Division of Nephrology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arash Rashidi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ben Sprangers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology (Rega Institute for Medical Research), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vikram Aggarwal
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A Bilal Malik
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sebastian Loew
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher A Carlos
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wei-Ting Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pazit Beckerman
- Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zain Mithani
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Chintan V Shah
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplant, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda D Renaghan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sophie De Seigneux
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luca Campedel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Abhijat Kitchlu
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Sanghoon Shin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, VAGLAHS, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sunil Rangarajan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Division of Nephrology, The University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Priya Deshpande
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gaia Coppock
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark Eijgelsheim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Gronigen, The Netherlands
| | - Harish Seethapathy
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meghan D Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ian A Strohbehn
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dwight H Owen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Marium Husain
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Clara Garcia-Carro
- Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Barcelona, Spain.,Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sheila Bermejo
- Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuttha Lumlertgul
- Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, Guy's and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Nephrology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nina Seylanova
- Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, Guy's and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK.,Sechenov Biomedical Science and Technology Park, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lucy Flanders
- Department of Oncology, Guy's & St Thomas Hospital, London, UK
| | - Busra Isik
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Omar Mamlouk
- Divison of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jamie S Lin
- Divison of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pablo Garcia
- Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Aydin Kaghazchi
- Division of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Yuriy Khanin
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Sheru K Kansal
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Els Wauters
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sunandana Chandra
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raymond K Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maria C Tio
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Suraj Sarvode Mothi
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harkarandeep Singh
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deborah Schrag
- Division of Population Sciences, Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenar D Jhaveri
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Kerry L Reynolds
- Division of Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Cortazar
- New York Nephrology Vasculitis and Glomerular Center, Albany, New York, USA
| | - David E Leaf
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Leiz J, Hinze C, Boltengagen A, Braeuning C, Kocks C, Rajewsky N, Schmidt-Ott KM. Nuclei Isolation from Adult Mouse Kidney for Single-Nucleus RNA-Sequencing. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 34605813 DOI: 10.3791/62901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidneys regulate diverse biological processes such as water, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis. Physiological functions of the kidney are executed by multiple cell types arranged in a complex architecture across the corticomedullary axis of the organ. Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics have accelerated the understanding of cell type-specific gene expression in renal physiology and disease. However, enzyme-based tissue dissociation protocols, which are frequently utilized for single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), require mostly fresh (non-archived) tissue, introduce transcriptional stress responses, and favor the selection of abundant cell types of the kidney cortex resulting in an underrepresentation of cells of the medulla. Here, we present a protocol that avoids these problems. The protocol is based on nuclei isolation at 4 °C from frozen kidney tissue. Nuclei are isolated from a central piece of the mouse kidney comprised of the cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla. This reduces the overrepresentation of cortical cells typical for whole-kidney samples for the benefit of medullary cells such that data will represent the entire corticomedullary axis at sufficient abundance. The protocol is simple, rapid, and adaptable and provides a step towards the standardization of single-nuclei transcriptomics in kidney research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Leiz
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)
| | - Christian Hinze
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)
| | - Anastasiya Boltengagen
- Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)
| | - Caroline Braeuning
- Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)
| | - Christine Kocks
- Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC);
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC);
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18
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Leiz J, Rutkiewicz M, Birchmeier C, Heinemann U, Schmidt-Ott KM. Technologies for profiling the impact of genomic variants on transcription factor binding. MED GENET-BERLIN 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2021-2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner and thereby regulate target gene expression. TF binding and its regulatory activity is highly context dependent, and is not only determined by specific cell types or differentiation stages but also relies on other regulatory mechanisms, such as DNA and chromatin modifications. Interactions between TFs and their DNA binding sites are critical mediators of phenotypic variation and play important roles in the onset of disease. A continuously growing number of studies therefore attempts to elucidate TF:DNA interactions to gain knowledge about regulatory mechanisms and disease-causing variants. Here we summarize how TF-binding characteristics and the impact of variants can be investigated, how bioinformatic tools can be used to analyze and predict TF:DNA binding, and what additional information can be obtained from the TF protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Leiz
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine , Hindenburgdamm 30 , Berlin , Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) , Molecular and Translational Kidney Research , Robert-Rössle-Str. 10 , Berlin , Germany
| | - Maria Rutkiewicz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) , Macromolecular Structure and Interaction , Berlin , Germany
| | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) , Developmental Biology and Signal Transduction , Berlin , Germany
| | - Udo Heinemann
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) , Macromolecular Structure and Interaction , Berlin , Germany
| | - Kai M. Schmidt-Ott
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine , Hindenburgdamm 30 , Berlin , Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) , Molecular and Translational Kidney Research , Robert-Rössle-Str. 10 , Berlin , Germany
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19
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Schmidt-Ott KM. [Acute kidney injury - Update 2021]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2021; 146:988-993. [PMID: 34344035 DOI: 10.1055/a-1198-3745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
One in five hospitalized patients suffers acute kidney injury (AKI). Depending on its severity, AKI is associated with an up to 15-fold increased risk of mortality and constitutes a major risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular events and for the development of chronic kidney disease. This concise review summarizes recently published studies, focusing on 1.) automated AKI detection using electronic health records-based AKI alert systems, 2.) renal replacement therapy and its optimal timing and anticoagulation regimen, and 3.) coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) associated AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin.,Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, Berlin.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Enghard
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hardenberg
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Stockmann
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hinze
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Just IA, Alborzi F, Godde M, Ott S, Meyer A, Stein J, Mazgareanu S, van der Giet M, Schmidt-Ott KM, Falk V, Schoenrath F. Cardiac Surgery-Related Acute Kidney Injury _ Risk Factors, Clinical Course, Management Suggestions. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:444-451. [PMID: 34130896 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after cardiac surgery (CS). Because a therapeutic regimen remains scarce, the early implementation of preventive strategies is crucial. The authors investigated risk factors and the typical clinical course of CS-associated AKI (CS-AKI) to derive strategies for perioperative clinical routines. DESIGN Retrospective data analysis. SETTING The data were collected from clinical routines in a maximum care university hospital. PARTICIPANTS Patients. INTERVENTIONS The authors retrospectively analyzed data from 538 patients who underwent CS. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The median age of the 466 patients included was 66.6 years; 65.7% were men. AKI occurred in 131 (28.1%) patients, mainly (89.0%) starting postoperatively within 72 hours p. Thirty-one (6.7%) patients showed Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome AKI stage 3. AKI was significantly more frequent in patients with chronic kidney disease (p < 0.001), emergency admission (p < 0.001), heart failure (p < 0.001), and postoperative complications (p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, postoperative CS-AKI risk significantly decreased with each 1 or 10 mL/min preoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (odds ratio, 0.962 and 0.677; 95% confidence interval, 0.947-0.977 and 0.577-0.793; p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001). Only in patients who developed Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome AKI stage 3, an early postoperative trend to decreased GFR and increased creatinine levels was observed. CONCLUSIONS Especially in patients with preexisting CKD and signs of CS-AKI occurring on the day of surgery, close monitoring of renal function should be performed for at least 72 hours after CS to detect an onset of AKI early and initiate renal protective strategies. Optimal preoperative fluid management might prevent postoperative AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell A Just
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Farnoush Alborzi
- German Heart Center Berlin, Dienstleistungs GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Godde
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Anesthesiology, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Meyer
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Stein
- German Heart Center Berlin, Dienstleistungs GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Markus van der Giet
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health Berlin (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Schoenrath
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
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22
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Klämbt V, Werth M, Onuchic-Whitford AC, Getwan M, Kitzler TM, Buerger F, Mao Y, Deutsch K, Mann N, Majmundar AJ, Kaminski MM, Shen T, Schmidt-Ott KM, Shalaby M, El Desoky S, Kari JA, Shril S, Lienkamp SS, Barasch J, Hildebrandt F. Mutations in transcription factor CP2-like 1 may cause a novel syndrome with distal renal tubulopathy in humans. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:237-246. [PMID: 33097957 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An underlying monogenic cause of early-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be detected in ∼20% of individuals. For many etiologies of CKD manifesting before 25 years of age, >200 monogenic causative genes have been identified to date, leading to the elucidation of mechanisms of renal pathogenesis. METHODS In 51 families with echogenic kidneys and CKD, we performed whole-exome sequencing to identify novel monogenic causes of CKD. RESULTS We discovered a homozygous truncating mutation in the transcription factor gene transcription factor CP2-like 1 (TFCP2L1) in an Arabic patient of consanguineous descent. The patient developed CKD by the age of 2 months and had episodes of severe hypochloremic, hyponatremic and hypokalemic alkalosis, seizures, developmental delay and hypotonia together with cataracts. We found that TFCP2L1 was localized throughout kidney development particularly in the distal nephron. Interestingly, TFCP2L1 induced the growth and development of renal tubules from rat mesenchymal cells. Conversely, the deletion of TFCP2L1 in mice was previously shown to lead to reduced expression of renal cell markers including ion transporters and cell identity proteins expressed in different segments of the distal nephron. TFCP2L1 localized to the nucleus in HEK293T cells only upon coexpression with its paralog upstream-binding protein 1 (UBP1). A TFCP2L1 mutant complementary DNA (cDNA) clone that represented the patient's mutation failed to form homo- and heterodimers with UBP1, an essential step for its transcriptional activity. CONCLUSION Here, we identified a loss-of-function TFCP2L1 mutation as a potential novel cause of CKD in childhood accompanied by a salt-losing tubulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Klämbt
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Max Werth
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana C Onuchic-Whitford
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maike Getwan
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas M Kitzler
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Florian Buerger
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Youying Mao
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantin Deutsch
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nina Mann
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amar J Majmundar
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael M Kaminski
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Tian Shen
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohamed Shalaby
- Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence and Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif El Desoky
- Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence and Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameela A Kari
- Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence and Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soeren S Lienkamp
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Hardenberg JHB, Stockmann H, Aigner A, Gotthardt I, Enghard P, Hinze C, Balzer F, Schmidt D, Zickler D, Kruse J, Körner R, Stegemann M, Schneider T, Schumann M, Müller-Redetzky H, Angermair S, Budde K, Weber-Carstens S, Witzenrath M, Treskatsch S, Siegmund B, Spies C, Suttorp N, Rauch G, Eckardt KU, Schmidt-Ott KM. Critical Illness and Systemic Inflammation Are Key Risk Factors of Severe Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With COVID-19. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:905-915. [PMID: 33817450 PMCID: PMC8007085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important complication in COVID-19, but its precise etiology has not fully been elucidated. Insights into AKI mechanisms may be provided by analyzing the temporal associations of clinical parameters reflecting disease processes and AKI development. METHODS We performed an observational cohort study of 223 consecutive COVID-19 patients treated at 3 sites of a tertiary care referral center to describe the evolvement of severe AKI (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes stage 3) and identify conditions promoting its development. Descriptive statistics and explanatory multivariable Cox regression modeling with clinical parameters as time-varying covariates were used to identify risk factors of severe AKI. RESULTS Severe AKI developed in 70 of 223 patients (31%) with COVID-19, of which 95.7% required kidney replacement therapy. Patients with severe AKI were older, predominantly male, had more comorbidities, and displayed excess mortality. Severe AKI occurred exclusively in intensive care unit patients, and 97.3% of the patients developing severe AKI had respiratory failure. Mechanical ventilation, vasopressor therapy, and inflammatory markers (serum procalcitonin levels and leucocyte count) were independent time-varying risk factors of severe AKI. Increasing inflammatory markers displayed a close temporal association with the development of severe AKI. Sensitivity analysis on risk factors of AKI stage 2 and 3 combined confirmed these findings. CONCLUSION Severe AKI in COVID-19 was tightly coupled with critical illness and systemic inflammation and was not observed in milder disease courses. These findings suggest that traditional systemic AKI mechanisms rather than kidney-specific processes contribute to severe AKI in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik B. Hardenberg
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Stockmann
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Aigner
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Inka Gotthardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Enghard
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hinze
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Balzer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM/CVK), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Danilo Schmidt
- Division IT, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Zickler
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Kruse
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Körner
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Stegemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schneider
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology (CBF), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schumann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology (CBF), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Müller-Redetzky
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Angermair
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CBF), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Weber-Carstens
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM/CVK), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Treskatsch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CBF), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology (CBF), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM/CVK), Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Geraldine Rauch
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M. Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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24
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Hinze C, Karaiskos N, Boltengagen A, Walentin K, Redo K, Himmerkus N, Bleich M, Potter SS, Potter AS, Eckardt KU, Kocks C, Rajewsky N, Schmidt-Ott KM. Kidney Single-cell Transcriptomes Predict Spatial Corticomedullary Gene Expression and Tissue Osmolality Gradients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:291-306. [PMID: 33239393 PMCID: PMC8054904 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020070930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-cell transcriptomes from dissociated tissues provide insights into cell types and their gene expression and may harbor additional information on spatial position and the local microenvironment. The kidney's cells are embedded into a gradient of increasing tissue osmolality from the cortex to the medulla, which may alter their transcriptomes and provide cues for spatial reconstruction. METHODS Single-cell or single-nuclei mRNA sequencing of dissociated mouse kidneys and of dissected cortex, outer, and inner medulla, to represent the corticomedullary axis, was performed. Computational approaches predicted the spatial ordering of cells along the corticomedullary axis and quantitated expression levels of osmo-responsive genes. In situ hybridization validated computational predictions of spatial gene-expression patterns. The strategy was used to compare single-cell transcriptomes from wild-type mice to those of mice with a collecting duct-specific knockout of the transcription factor grainyhead-like 2 (Grhl2CD-/-), which display reduced renal medullary osmolality. RESULTS Single-cell transcriptomics from dissociated kidneys provided sufficient information to approximately reconstruct the spatial position of kidney tubule cells and to predict corticomedullary gene expression. Spatial gene expression in the kidney changes gradually and osmo-responsive genes follow the physiologic corticomedullary gradient of tissue osmolality. Single-nuclei transcriptomes from Grhl2CD-/- mice indicated a flattened expression gradient of osmo-responsive genes compared with control mice, consistent with their physiologic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Single-cell transcriptomics from dissociated kidneys facilitated the prediction of spatial gene expression along the corticomedullary axis and quantitation of osmotically regulated genes, allowing the prediction of a physiologic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hinze
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany,Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikos Karaiskos
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anastasiya Boltengagen
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Walentin
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klea Redo
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany,Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Himmerkus
- Department of Physiology, Physiology of Membrane Transport, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Bleich
- Department of Physiology, Physiology of Membrane Transport, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | - S. Steven Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrew S. Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Kocks
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M. Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany,Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and severe complication in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the intensive care unit. The development of COVID-19 associated AKI is closely linked to the severity of the disease course. The main risk factor for kidney failure requiring kidney replacement therapy is the necessity for invasive ventilation, whereby the onset of renal failure is often closely associated with the timing of intubation. Additionally, the risk factors for a severe course of COVID-19 have been shown to also be risk factors for renal failure. AKI in COVID-19 shows a high mortality and in some patients leads to chronic kidney disease; however, full recovery of kidney function in survivors who need dialysis is not uncommon. With respect to prevention and treatment of renal failure associated with COVID-19, the same recommendations as for AKI from other causes are valid (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes, KDIGO bundles). Due to the large numbers of patients in the setting of overwhelmed resources, the availability of extracorporeal renal replacement procedures can become critical, especially since hypercoagulation is frequent in COVID‑19. In order to avoid triage situations, in some centers acute peritoneal dialysis was used as an alternative to extracorporeal procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik B. Hardenberg
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Nephrologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Charité – Unversitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Helena Stockmann
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Nephrologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Charité – Unversitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Nephrologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Charité – Unversitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Kai M. Schmidt-Ott
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Nephrologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Charité – Unversitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Deutschland
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26
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Schmidt-Ott KM. Mix for Regeneration: Nephron Replacement by Transplanted Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2743-2745. [PMID: 33154176 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020091350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany .,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany .,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Khadzhynov D, Schmidt D, Hardt J, Rauch G, Gocke P, Eckardt KU, Schmidt-Ott KM. The Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury and Associated Hospital Mortality. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2020; 116:397-404. [PMID: 31366430 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies from multiple countries have shown that acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients is associated with mortality and morbidity. There are no reliable data at present on the incidence and mortality of AKI episodes among hospitalized patients in Germany. The utility of administrative codings of AKI for the identification of AKI episodes is also unclear. METHODS In an exploratory approach, we retrospectively analyzed all episodes of AKI over a period of 3.5 years (2014-2017) on the basis of routinely obtained serum creatinine measurements in 103 161 patients whose creatinine had been measured at least twice and who had been in the hospital for at least two days. We used the "Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes" (KDIGO) criteria for AKI. In parallel, we assessed the administrative coding of discharge diagnoses of the same patients with codes from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10-GM). RESULTS Among 185 760 hospitalizations, stage 1 AKI occurred in 25 417 cases (13.7%), stage 2 in 8503 cases (4.6%), and stage 3 in 5881 cases (3.1%). AKI cases were associated with length of hospital stay, renal morbidity, and overall mortality, and this association was stage-dependent. The in-hospital mortality was 5.1% for patients with stage 1 AKI, 13.7% for patients with stage 2 AKI, and 24.8% for patients with stage 3 AKI. An administrative coding for acute kidney injury (N17) was present in only 28.8% (11 481) of the AKI cases that were identified by creatinine criteria. Like the AKI cases overall, those that were identified by creatinine criteria but were not coded as AKI had significantly higher mortality, and this association was stage-dependent. CONCLUSION AKI episodes are common among hospitalized patients and are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, yet they are inadequately documented and probably often escape the attention of the treating physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Khadzhynov
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin; Business Division IT, Department of Research and Teaching, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin; Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin; Administrative Office for Digital Transformation, Charité - -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
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28
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Schreiber A, Rousselle A, Klocke J, Bachmann S, Popovic S, Bontscho J, Schmidt-Ott KM, Siffrin V, Jerke U, Ashraf MI, Panzer U, Kettritz R. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Protects from ANCA-Induced GN by Inhibiting T H17 Immunity. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:1569-1584. [PMID: 32487561 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019090879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a diagnostic marker of intrinsic kidney injury produced by damaged renal cells and by neutrophils. ANCA-associated vasculitis features necrotizing crescentic GN (NCGN), and ANCA-activated neutrophils contribute to NCGN. Whether NGAL plays a mechanistic role in ANCA-associated vasculitis is unknown. METHODS We measured NGAL in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis and mice with anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-MPO) antibody-induced NCGN. We compared kidney histology, neutrophil functions, T cell proliferation and polarization, renal infiltrating cells, and cytokines in wild-type and NGAL-deficient chimeric mice with anti-MPO antibody-induced NCGN. To assess the role of TH17 immunity, we transplanted irradiated MPO-immunized MPO-deficient mice with bone marrow from either wild-type or NGAL-deficient mice; we also transplanted irradiated MPO-immunized MPO/IL-17A double-deficient mice with bone marrow from either IL-17A-deficient or NGAL/IL-17A double-deficient mice. RESULTS Mice and patients with active ANCA-associated vasculitis demonstrated strongly increased serum and urinary NGAL levels. ANCA-stimulated neutrophils released NGAL. Mice with NGAL-deficient bone marrow developed worsened MPO-ANCA-induced NCGN. Intrinsic neutrophil functions were similar in NGAL-deficient and wild-type neutrophils, whereas T cell immunity was increased in chimeric mice with NGAL-deficient neutrophils with more renal infiltrating TH17 cells. NGAL-expressing neutrophils and CD3+ T cells were in close proximity in kidney and spleen. CD4+ T cells showed no intrinsic difference in proliferation and polarization in vitro, whereas iron siderophore-loaded NGAL suppressed TH17 polarization. We found significantly attenuated NCGN in IL-17A-deficient chimeras compared with MPO-deficient mice receiving wild-type bone marrow, as well as in NGAL/IL-17A-deficient chimeras compared with NGAL-deficient chimeras. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that bone marrow-derived, presumably neutrophil, NGAL protects from ANCA-induced NCGN by downregulating TH17 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Schreiber
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Berlin University of Medicine, Corporate Member of Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany .,Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Berlin University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anthony Rousselle
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Berlin University of Medicine, Corporate Member of Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Klocke
- Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Berlin University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité - Berlin University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Suncica Popovic
- Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité - Berlin University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Bontscho
- Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Berlin University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Berlin University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Siffrin
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Berlin University of Medicine, Corporate Member of Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Jerke
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Berlin University of Medicine, Corporate Member of Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Ashraf
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte I Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité - Berlin University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- III. Medical Clinic, Division of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Kettritz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Berlin University of Medicine, Corporate Member of Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Berlin University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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29
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Khadzhynov D, Schmidt D, Eckardt KU, Schmidt-Ott KM. TO021LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF COMMUNITY- VERSUS HOSPITAL-AQUIRED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF A LARGE COHORT IN A GERMAN TERTIARY CARE CENTER. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa141.to021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims
This study compared epidemiology, short- and long-term outcomes for patients with community-acquired (CA) and hospital-acquired (HA) acute kidney injury (AKI).
Method
We retrospectively analyzed all episodes of AKI over a period of 3.5 years (2014–2017) on the basis of routinely obtained serum creatinine measurements in 103,161 patients whose creatinine had been measured at least twice and who had been in the hospital for at least two days. We used the “Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes” (KDIGO) criteria for AKI and analyzed the first hospital admission. A total of 103161 were admitted in hospital and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Average observation period per patient was 248 days.
Results
The incidence of CA-AKI among included hospital admissions was 9.7% compared with an incidence of 8.6% of HA-AKI, giving an overall AKI incidence of 18,3%. Patients with CA-AKI were younger than patients with HAAKI (64 vs 66,2y) and had significantly less comorbidities, including preexisting cardiac failure, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes. Patients with CA-AKI were more likely to have stage 1 AKI (69,3 vs 58,4%, p<0.001) and had significantly shorter lengths of hospital stay than patients with HA-AKI (14 vs 24d, p<0.001).
Those with CA-AKI had better survival than patients with HA-AKI (Figure 1; p<0.001). Patiens with CA-AKI were less likely dialysis dependent before discharge (1,9 vs 4,8% in HA-AKI; p<0.001) Patients with HA-AKI received more often administrative coding of AKI (29,3% vs 26,5% in CA-AKI patients; p<0.001)
Conclusion
Patients with CA-AKI sustain less severe AKI than patients with HA-AKI, accordigly showing better short- and long-term outcomes. However, patiens with CA-AKI are at risk of inadequate clinical perception of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Khadzhynov
- Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Department of Nephrology and internal Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Danilo Schmidt
- Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Department of Nephrology and internal Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Department of Nephrology and internal Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Department of Nephrology and internal Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Simonovic S, Hinze C, Schmidt-Ott KM, Busch J, Jung M, Jung K, Rabien A. Limited utility of qPCR-based detection of tumor-specific circulating mRNAs in whole blood from clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients. BMC Urol 2020; 20:7. [PMID: 32013938 PMCID: PMC6998103 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-019-0542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background RNA sequencing data is providing abundant information about the levels of dysregulation of genes in various tumors. These data, as well as data based on older microarray technologies have enabled the identification of many genes which are upregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) compared to matched normal tissue. Here we use RNA sequencing data in order to construct a panel of highly overexpressed genes in ccRCC so as to evaluate their RNA levels in whole blood and determine any diagnostic potential of these levels for renal cell carcinoma patients. Methods A bioinformatics analysis with Python was performed using TCGA, GEO and other databases to identify genes which are upregulated in ccRCC while being absent in the blood of healthy individuals. Quantitative Real Time PCR (RT-qPCR) was subsequently used to measure the levels of candidate genes in whole blood (PAX gene) of 16 ccRCC patients versus 11 healthy individuals. PCR results were processed in qBase and GraphPadPrism and statistics was done with Mann-Whitney U test. Results While most analyzed genes were either undetectable or did not show any dysregulated expression, two genes, CDK18 and CCND1, were paradoxically downregulated in the blood of ccRCC patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, LOX showed a tendency towards upregulation in metastatic ccRCC samples compared to non-metastatic. Conclusions This analysis illustrates the difficulty of detecting tumor regulated genes in blood and the possible influence of interference from expression in blood cells even for genes conditionally absent in normal blood. Testing in plasma samples indicated that tumor specific mRNAs were not detectable. While CDK18, CCND1 and LOX mRNAs might carry biomarker potential, this would require validation in an independent, larger patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinisa Simonovic
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany. .,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Hinze
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Busch
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Jung
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Rabien
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Boivin FJ, Schmidt-Ott KM. Functional roles of Grainyhead-like transcription factors in renal development and disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2020; 35:181-190. [PMID: 30554362 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proper renal function relies on the tightly regulated development of nephrons and collecting ducts. This process, known as tubulogenesis, involves dynamic cellular and molecular changes that instruct cells to form highly organized tubes of epithelial cells which compartmentalize the renal interstitium and tubular lumen via assembly of a selective barrier. The integrity and diversity of the various renal epithelia is achieved via formation of intercellular protein complexes along the apical-basal axis of the epithelial cells. In recent years, the evolutionarily conserved family of Grainyhead-like (GRHL) transcription factors which encompasses three mammalian family members (Grainyhead-like 1, 2, 3) has emerged as a group of critical regulators for organ development, epithelial differentiation, and barrier formation. Evidence from transgenic animal models supports the presence of Grainyhead-like-dependent transcriptional mechanisms that promote formation and maintenance of epithelial barriers in the kidney. In this review, we highlight different Grhl-dependent mechanisms that modulate epithelial differentiation in the kidney. Additionally, we discuss how disruptions in these mechanisms result in impaired renal function later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Boivin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Nephrology, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany.
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32
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Chen W, Alshaikh A, Kim S, Kim J, Chun C, Mehrazarin S, Lee J, Lux R, Kim RH, Shin KH, Park NH, Walentin K, Schmidt-Ott KM, Kang MK. Porphyromonas gingivalis Impairs Oral Epithelial Barrier through Targeting GRHL2. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1150-1158. [PMID: 31340691 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519865184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral mucosa provides the first line of defense against a diverse array of environmental and microbial irritants by forming the barrier of epithelial cells interconnected by multiprotein tight junctions (TJ), adherens junctions, desmosomes, and gap junction complexes. Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2), an epithelial-specific transcription factor, may play a role in the formation of the mucosal epithelial barrier, as it regulates the expression of the junction proteins. The current study investigated the role of GRHL2 in the Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)-induced impairment of epithelial barrier functions. Exposure of human oral keratinocytes (HOK-16B and OKF6 cells) to Pg or Pg-derived lipopolysaccharides (Pg LPSs) led to rapid loss of endogenous GRHL2 and the junction proteins (e.g., zonula occludens, E-cadherin, claudins, and occludin). GRHL2 directly regulated the expression levels of the junction proteins and the epithelial permeability for small molecules (e.g., dextrans and Pg bacteria). To explore the functional role of GRHL2 in oral mucosal barrier, we used a Grhl2 conditional knockout (KO) mouse model, which allows for epithelial tissue-specific Grhl2 KO in an inducible manner. Grhl2 KO impaired the expression of the junction proteins at the junctional epithelium and increased the alveolar bone loss in the ligature-induced periodontitis model. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed increased epithelial penetration of oral bacteria in Grhl2 KO mice compared with the wild-type mice. Also, blood loadings of oral bacteria (e.g., Bacteroides, Bacillus, Firmicutes, β-proteobacteria, and Spirochetes) were significantly elevated in Grhl2 KO mice compared to the wild-type littermates. These data indicate that Pg bacteria may enhance paracellular penetration through oral mucosa in part by targeting the expression of GRHL2 in the oral epithelial cells, which then impairs the epithelial barrier by inhibition of junction protein expression, resulting in increased alveolar tissue destruction and systemic bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,2 Section of Endodontics, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Alshaikh
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Kim
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Kim
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Chun
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,2 Section of Endodontics, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Mehrazarin
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Lux
- 3 Section of Periodontics, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R H Kim
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K H Shin
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N H Park
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,3 Section of Periodontics, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,4 Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K Walentin
- 5 Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Nephrology, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - K M Schmidt-Ott
- 5 Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Nephrology, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - M K Kang
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,2 Section of Endodontics, Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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33
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Ming Q, Roske Y, Schuetz A, Walentin K, Ibraimi I, Schmidt-Ott KM, Heinemann U. Structural basis of gene regulation by the Grainyhead/CP2 transcription factor family. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:2082-2095. [PMID: 29309642 PMCID: PMC5829564 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grainyhead (Grh)/CP2 transcription factors are highly conserved in multicellular organisms as key regulators of epithelial differentiation, organ development and skin barrier formation. In addition, they have been implicated as being tumor suppressors in a variety of human cancers. Despite their physiological importance, little is known about their structure and DNA binding mode. Here, we report the first structural study of mammalian Grh/CP2 factors. Crystal structures of the DNA-binding domains of grainyhead-like (Grhl) 1 and Grhl2 reveal a closely similar conformation with immunoglobulin-like core. Both share a common fold with the tumor suppressor p53, but differ in important structural features. The Grhl1 DNA-binding domain binds duplex DNA containing the consensus recognition element in a dimeric arrangement, supporting parsimonious target-sequence selection through two conserved arginine residues. We elucidate the molecular basis of a cancer-related mutation in Grhl1 involving one of these arginines, which completely abrogates DNA binding in biochemical assays and transcriptional activation of a reporter gene in a human cell line. Thus, our studies establish the structural basis of DNA target-site recognition by Grh transcription factors and reveal how tumor-associated mutations inactivate Grhl proteins. They may serve as points of departure for the structure-based development of Grh/CP2 inhibitors for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ming
- Macromolecular Structure and Interaction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Chemistry and Biochemistry Institute, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvette Roske
- Macromolecular Structure and Interaction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Schuetz
- Macromolecular Structure and Interaction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Helmholtz Protein Sample Production Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Walentin
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ibraim Ibraimi
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, Charité Medical University, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Udo Heinemann
- Macromolecular Structure and Interaction, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Chemistry and Biochemistry Institute, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Helmholtz Protein Sample Production Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Vukićević T, Hinze C, Baltzer S, Himmerkus N, Quintanova C, Zühlke K, Compton F, Ahlborn R, Dema A, Eichhorst J, Wiesner B, Bleich M, Schmidt-Ott KM, Klussmann E. Fluconazole Increases Osmotic Water Transport in Renal Collecting Duct through Effects on Aquaporin-2 Trafficking. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:795-810. [PMID: 30988011 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) binding to vasopressin V2 receptors promotes redistribution of the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) from intracellular vesicles into the plasma membrane of renal collecting duct principal cells. This pathway fine-tunes renal water reabsorption and urinary concentration, and its perturbation is associated with diabetes insipidus. Previously, we identified the antimycotic drug fluconazole as a potential modulator of AQP2 localization. METHODS We assessed the influence of fluconazole on AQP2 localization in vitro and in vivo as well as the drug's effects on AQP2 phosphorylation and RhoA (a small GTPase, which under resting conditions, maintains F-actin to block AQP2-bearing vesicles from reaching the plasma membrane). We also tested fluconazole's effects on water flow across epithelia of isolated mouse collecting ducts and on urine output in mice treated with tolvaptan, a VR2 blocker that causes a nephrogenic diabetes insipidus-like excessive loss of hypotonic urine. RESULTS Fluconazole increased plasma membrane localization of AQP2 in principal cells independent of AVP. It also led to an increased AQP2 abundance associated with alterations in phosphorylation status and ubiquitination as well as inhibition of RhoA. In isolated mouse collecting ducts, fluconazole increased transepithelial water reabsorption. In mice, fluconazole increased collecting duct AQP2 plasma membrane localization and reduced urinary output. Fluconazole also reduced urinary output in tolvaptan-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Fluconazole promotes collecting duct AQP2 plasma membrane localization in the absence of AVP. Therefore, it might have utility in treating forms of diabetes insipidus (e.g., X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) in which the kidney responds inappropriately to AVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Vukićević
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, (MDC), Research area Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hinze
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, (MDC), Research area Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care and.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandrine Baltzer
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, (MDC), Research area Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Himmerkus
- Institute of Physiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Zühlke
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, (MDC), Research area Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Compton
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care and.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Ahlborn
- Information Technology Department, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Dema
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, (MDC), Research area Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Eichhorst
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Cellular Imaging, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Wiesner
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Cellular Imaging, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Bleich
- Institute of Physiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, (MDC), Research area Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease, Berlin, Germany; .,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care and.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, (MDC), Research area Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease, Berlin, Germany; .,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Berlin, Germany
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35
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Vigolo E, Markó L, Hinze C, Müller DN, Schmidt-Ullrich R, Schmidt-Ott KM. Canonical BMP signaling in tubular cells mediates recovery after acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2018; 95:108-122. [PMID: 30447934 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling has been shown to modulate the development of renal fibrosis in animal models of kidney injury, but the downstream mediators are incompletely understood. In wild-type mice, canonical BMP signaling mediated by SMAD1/5/8 transcription factors was constitutively active in healthy renal tubules, transiently down-regulated after ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), and reactivated during successful tubular regeneration. We then induced IRI in mice with a tubular-specific BMP receptor 1A (BMPR1A) deletion. These mice failed to reactivate SMAD1/5/8 signaling in the post-ischemic phase and developed renal fibrosis after injury. Using unbiased genomic analyses, we identified three genes encoding inhibitor of DNA-binding (ID) proteins (Id1, Id2, and Id4) as key targets of BMPR1A-SMAD1/5/8 signaling. BMPR1A-deficient mice failed to re-induce these targets following IRI. Instead, BMPR1A-deficiency resulted in activation of pro-fibrotic signaling proteins that are normally repressed by ID proteins, namely, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and cell cycle inhibitor p27. These data indicate that the post-ischemic activation of canonical BMP signaling acts endogenously to repress pro-fibrotic signaling in tubular cells and may help to prevent the progression of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Vigolo
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lajos Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hinze
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruth Schmidt-Ullrich
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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36
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Langhorst H, Jüttner R, Groneberg D, Mohtashamdolatshahi A, Pelz L, Purfürst B, Schmidt-Ott KM, Friebe A, Rathjen FG. The IgCAM CLMP regulates expression of Connexin43 and Connexin45 in intestinal and ureteral smooth muscle contraction in mice. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.032128. [PMID: 29361518 PMCID: PMC5894946 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.032128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CAR-like membrane protein (CLMP), an immunoglobulin cell adhesion molecule (IgCAM), has been implicated in congenital short-bowel syndrome in humans, a condition with high mortality for which there is currently no cure. We therefore studied the function of CLMP in a Clmp-deficient mouse model. Although we found that the levels of mRNAs encoding Connexin43 or Connexin45 were not or were only marginally affected, respectively, by Clmp deficiency, the absence of CLMP caused a severe reduction of both proteins in smooth muscle cells of the intestine and of Connexin43 in the ureter. Analysis of calcium signaling revealed a disordered cell-cell communication between smooth muscle cells, which in turn induced an impaired and uncoordinated motility of the intestine and the ureter. Consequently, insufficient transport of chyme and urine caused a fatal delay to thrive, a high rate of mortality, and provoked a severe hydronephrosis in CLMP knockouts. Neurotransmission and the capability of smooth muscle cells to contract in ring preparations of the intestine were not altered. Physical obstructions were not detectable and an overall normal histology in the intestine as well as in the ureter was observed, except for a slight hypertrophy of smooth muscle layers. Deletion of Clmp did not lead to a reduced length of the intestine as shown for the human CLMP gene but resulted in gut malrotations. In sum, the absence of CLMP caused functional obstructions in the intestinal tract and ureter by impaired peristaltic contractions most likely due to a lack of gap-junctional communication between smooth muscle cells. Summary: The function of the immunoglobulin cell adhesion molecule CLMP was investigated in a mouse model. CLMP is essential for intestinal and ureteral peristalsis, and for expression of Connexin43 and 45 in smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Langhorst
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, DE-13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - René Jüttner
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, DE-13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Groneberg
- Physiologisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, DE-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Laura Pelz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, DE-13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Purfürst
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, DE-13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Nephrology, Charitéplatz 1, DE-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Friebe
- Physiologisches Institut der Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, DE-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fritz G Rathjen
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, DE-13092 Berlin, Germany
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Chen W, Shimane T, Kawano S, Alshaikh A, Kim SY, Chung SH, Kim RH, Shin KH, Walentin K, Park NH, Schmidt-Ott KM, Kang MK. Human Papillomavirus 16 E6 Induces FoxM1B in Oral Keratinocytes through GRHL2. J Dent Res 2018; 97:795-802. [PMID: 29443638 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518756071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major risk factor for oral and pharyngeal cancers (OPCs), yet the detailed mechanisms by which HPV promotes OPCs are not understood. Forkhead box M1B (FoxM1B) is an oncogene essential for cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis, and it is aberrantly overexpressed in many tumors. We previously showed that FoxM1B was the putative target of an epithelial-specific transcription factor, Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2). In the current study, we demonstrate that HPV type 16 (HPV-16) E6 induces FoxM1B in human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) and tonsillar epithelial cells (TECs) in part through GRHL2. FoxM1B was barely detectable in cultured normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs) and progressively increased in immortalized HOKs harboring HPV-16 genome (HOK-16B) and tumorigenic HOK-16B/BaP-T cells. Retroviral expression of HPV-16 E6 and/or E7 in NHOKs, TECs, and hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells (FaDu) revealed induction of FoxM1B and GRHL2 by the E6 protein but not E7. Both GRHL2 and FoxM1B were strongly induced in the epidermis of HPV-16 E6 transgenic mice and HPV+ oral squamous cell carcinomas. Ectopic expression of FoxM1B led to acquisition of transformed phenotype in HOK-16B cells. Loss of FoxM1B by lentiviral short hairpin RNA vector or chemical inhibitor led to elimination of tumorigenic characteristics of HOK-16B/BaP-T cells. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that GRHL2 directly bound and regulated the FoxM1B gene promoter activity. Using epithelial-specific Grhl2 conditional knockout mice, we exposed wild-type (WT) and Grhl2 KO mice to 4-nitroquinolin 1-oxide (4-NQO), which led to induction of FoxM1B in the tongue tissues and rampant oral tumor development in the WT mice. However, 4-NQO exposure failed to induce tongue tumors or induction of FoxM1B expression in Grhl2 KO mice. Collectively, these results indicate that HPV-16 induces FoxM1B in part through GRHL2 transcriptional activity and that elevated FoxM1B level is required for oropharyngeal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T Shimane
- 2 Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - S Kawano
- 3 Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - A Alshaikh
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Y Kim
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S H Chung
- 4 Deptartment of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R H Kim
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,5 UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K H Shin
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,5 UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K Walentin
- 6 Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Nephrology, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - N H Park
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,5 UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K M Schmidt-Ott
- 6 Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Nephrology, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - M K Kang
- 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,5 UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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38
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Hinze C, Ruffert J, Walentin K, Himmerkus N, Nikpey E, Tenstad O, Wiig H, Mutig K, Yurtdas ZY, Klein JD, Sands JM, Branchi F, Schumann M, Bachmann S, Bleich M, Schmidt-Ott KM. GRHL2 Is Required for Collecting Duct Epithelial Barrier Function and Renal Osmoregulation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:857-868. [PMID: 29237740 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Collecting ducts make up the distal-most tubular segments of the kidney, extending from the cortex, where they connect to the nephron proper, into the medulla, where they release urine into the renal pelvis. During water deprivation, body water preservation is ensured by the selective transepithelial reabsorption of water into the hypertonic medullary interstitium mediated by collecting ducts. The collecting duct epithelium forms tight junctions composed of barrier-enforcing claudins and exhibits a higher transepithelial resistance than other segments of the renal tubule exhibit. However, the functional relevance of this strong collecting duct epithelial barrier is unresolved. Here, we report that collecting duct-specific deletion of an epithelial transcription factor, grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2), in mice led to reduced expression of tight junction-associated barrier components, reduced collecting duct transepithelial resistance, and defective renal medullary accumulation of sodium and other osmolytes. In vitro, Grhl2-deficient collecting duct cells displayed increased paracellular flux of sodium, chloride, and urea. Consistent with these effects, Grhl2-deficient mice had diabetes insipidus, produced dilute urine, and failed to adequately concentrate their urine after water restriction, resulting in susceptibility to prerenal azotemia. These data indicate a direct functional link between collecting duct epithelial barrier characteristics, which appear to prevent leakage of interstitial osmolytes into urine, and body water homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hinze
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Departments of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care
| | - Janett Ruffert
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Walentin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Himmerkus
- Institute of Physiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Elham Nikpey
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and
| | - Olav Tenstad
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Wiig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Zeliha Yesim Yurtdas
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janet D Klein
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Federica Branchi
- Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schumann
- Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Markus Bleich
- Institute of Physiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; .,Departments of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care
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Heinemann U, Ming Q, Roske Y, Schuetz A, Schmidt-Ott KM. Parsimonious DNA target-site recognition by Grh/CP2 transcription factors. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273317092750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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40
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Schmidt-Ott KM. How to grow a kidney: patient-specific kidney organoids come of age. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:17-23. [PMID: 27411722 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion of regrowing a patient's kidney in a dish has fascinated researchers for decades and has spurred visions of revolutionary clinical applications. Recently, this option has come closer to reality. Key technologies have been developed to generate patient-specific pluripotent stem cells and to edit their genome. Several laboratories have devised protocols to differentiate patient-specific pluripotent stem cells into kidney cells or into in vitro organoids that resemble the kidney with respect to cell types, tissue architecture and disease pathology. This was possible because of rapidly expanding knowledge regarding the cellular and molecular basis of embryonic kidney development. Generating kidney cells or organoids from patient-specific stem cells may prove to be clinically useful in several ways. First, patient-specific kidney cells or organoids could be used to predict an individual's response to stressors, toxins or medications and thereby develop personalized treatment decisions. Second, patient-specific stem cells harbour the individual's genetic defects. This may potentially enable genetic rescue attempts to establish the significance of a genetic defect in a stem cell-derived organoid or it may allow testing of patient-specific targeted therapies for kidney disease in vitro. From a tissue engineering perspective, patient-specific kidney organoids might provide a key advance towards engineering immunocompatible transplantable kidneys. This review article summarizes recent developments in the field and discusses its current limitations and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Molecular and Translational Kidney Research, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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41
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Abstract
Epithelial tissues form a selective barrier via direct cell-cell interactions to separate and establish concentration gradients between the different compartments of the body. Proper function and formation of this barrier rely on the establishment of distinct intercellular junction complexes. These complexes include tight junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions. The tight junction is by far the most diverse junctional complex in the epithelial barrier. Its composition varies greatly across different epithelial tissues to confer various barrier properties. Thus, epithelial cells rely on tightly regulated transcriptional mechanisms to ensure proper formation of the epithelial barrier and to achieve tight junction diversity. Here, we review different transcriptional mechanisms utilized during embryogenesis and disease development to promote tight junction assembly and maintenance of intercellular barrier integrity. We focus particularly on the Grainyhead-like transcription factors and ligand-activated nuclear hormone receptors, two central families of proteins in epithelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Boivin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
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42
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Werth M, Schmidt-Ott KM, Leete T, Qiu A, Hinze C, Viltard M, Paragas N, Shawber CJ, Yu W, Lee P, Chen X, Sarkar A, Mu W, Rittenberg A, Lin CS, Kitajewski J, Al-Awqati Q, Barasch J. Transcription factor TFCP2L1 patterns cells in the mouse kidney collecting ducts. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28577314 PMCID: PMC5484618 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most nephron segments contain one type of epithelial cell, the collecting ducts consists of at least two: intercalated (IC) and principal (PC) cells, which regulate acid-base and salt-water homeostasis, respectively. In adult kidneys, these cells are organized in rosettes suggesting functional interactions. Genetic studies in mouse revealed that transcription factor Tfcp2l1 coordinates IC and PC development. Tfcp2l1 induces the expression of IC specific genes, including specific H+-ATPase subunits and Jag1. Jag1 in turn, initiates Notch signaling in PCs but inhibits Notch signaling in ICs. Tfcp2l1 inactivation deletes ICs, whereas Jag1 inactivation results in the forfeiture of discrete IC and PC identities. Thus, Tfcp2l1 is a critical regulator of IC-PC patterning, acting cell-autonomously in ICs, and non-cell-autonomously in PCs. As a result, Tfcp2l1 regulates the diversification of cell types which is the central characteristic of 'salt and pepper' epithelia and distinguishes the collecting duct from all other nephron segments. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24265.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Werth
- Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Columbia University, New York, United States.,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andong Qiu
- Columbia University, New York, United States.,Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Melanie Viltard
- Columbia University, New York, United States.,Institute for European Expertise in Physiology, Paris, France
| | - Neal Paragas
- Columbia University, New York, United States.,University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Wenqiang Yu
- Columbia University, New York, United States.,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Lee
- Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Xia Chen
- Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Abby Sarkar
- Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Weiyi Mu
- Columbia University, New York, United States
| | | | | | - Jan Kitajewski
- Columbia University, New York, United States.,University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, United States
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Xu K, Rosenstiel P, Paragas N, Hinze C, Gao X, Huai Shen T, Werth M, Forster C, Deng R, Bruck E, Boles RW, Tornato A, Gopal T, Jones M, Konig J, Stauber J, D'Agati V, Erdjument-Bromage H, Saggi S, Wagener G, Schmidt-Ott KM, Tatonetti N, Tempst P, Oliver JA, Guarnieri P, Barasch J. Unique Transcriptional Programs Identify Subtypes of AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:1729-1740. [PMID: 28028135 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016090974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two metrics, a rise in serum creatinine concentration and a decrease in urine output, are considered tantamount to the injury of the kidney tubule and the epithelial cells thereof (AKI). Yet neither criterion emphasizes the etiology or the pathogenetic heterogeneity of acute decreases in kidney excretory function. In fact, whether decreased excretory function due to contraction of the extracellular fluid volume (vAKI) or due to intrinsic kidney injury (iAKI) actually share pathogenesis and should be aggregated in the same diagnostic group remains an open question. To examine this possibility, we created mouse models of iAKI and vAKI that induced a similar increase in serum creatinine concentration. Using laser microdissection to isolate specific domains of the kidney, followed by RNA sequencing, we found that thousands of genes responded specifically to iAKI or to vAKI, but very few responded to both stimuli. In fact, the activated gene sets comprised different, functionally unrelated signal transduction pathways and were expressed in different regions of the kidney. Moreover, we identified distinctive gene expression patterns in human urine as potential biomarkers of either iAKI or vAKI, but not both. Hence, iAKI and vAKI are biologically unrelated, suggesting that molecular analysis should clarify our current definitions of acute changes in kidney excretory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Xu
- Departments of *Medicine, Division of Nephrology
| | | | - Neal Paragas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Xiaobo Gao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Max Werth
- Departments of *Medicine, Division of Nephrology
| | - Catherine Forster
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rong Deng
- Departments of *Medicine, Division of Nephrology
| | - Efrat Bruck
- Departments of *Medicine, Division of Nephrology
| | | | | | | | | | - Justin Konig
- Departments of *Medicine, Division of Nephrology
| | | | | | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Subodh Saggi
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | | | | | | | - Paul Tempst
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Paolo Guarnieri
- Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York;
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44
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Singer E, Schrezenmeier EV, Elger A, Seelow ER, Krannich A, Luft FC, Schmidt-Ott KM. Urinary NGAL-Positive Acute Kidney Injury and Poor Long-term Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients. Kidney Int Rep 2016; 1:114-124. [PMID: 29142920 PMCID: PMC5678650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophil gelatinase−associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a widely studied biomarker of renal tubular injury. Urinary NGAL (uNGAL) during acute kidney injury (AKI) predicts short-term adverse outcomes. However, the long-term predictive value is unknown. Methods We performed a prospective observational study of 145 patients with hospital-acquired AKI according to Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function, and End-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) criteria and analyzed the long-term predictive value of uNGAL at the time of AKI. We defined a composite outcome of all-cause mortality and the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Results In all, 61 AKI patients died and 22 developed ESRD within 6 months. The uNGAL levels were significantly higher in patients with poor long-term outcomes. uNGAL levels ≥362 μg/l (highest quartile) and uNGAL levels between 95 and 362 μg/l (third quartile) were associated with hazard ratios of 3.7 (95% confidence interval, 2.1–6.5) and 1.9 (1.1–3.5), respectively, compared with uNGAL levels <95 μg/l (lower quartiles). After 6 months, 67% and 43% of patients within the highest and third uNGAL quartile, respectively, had either progressed to ESRD or died, compared to only 21% of patients with uNGAL in the lower 2 quartiles (P < 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression analyses accounting for conventional predictors, uNGAL was the strongest independent predictor of adverse long-term outcomes. The association of uNGAL levels and poor long-term outcomes remained significant in the subgroup of 107 AKI survivors discharged without requiring dialysis (P = 0.002). Discussion These data indicate that elevated uNGAL levels at AKI diagnosis predict poor long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Singer
- Department of Nephrology, Charité─Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva V Schrezenmeier
- Department of Nephrology, Charité─Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Elger
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evelyn R Seelow
- Department of Nephrology, Charité─Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Krannich
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité─University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a collaboration between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology, Charité─Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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45
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Markó L, Vigolo E, Hinze C, Park JK, Roël G, Balogh A, Choi M, Wübken A, Cording J, Blasig IE, Luft FC, Scheidereit C, Schmidt-Ott KM, Schmidt-Ullrich R, Müller DN. Tubular Epithelial NF-κB Activity Regulates Ischemic AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:2658-69. [PMID: 26823548 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015070748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB is a key regulator of innate and adaptive immunity and is implicated in the pathogenesis of AKI. The cell type-specific functions of NF-κB in the kidney are unknown; however, the pathway serves distinct functions in immune and tissue parenchymal cells. We analyzed tubular epithelial-specific NF-κB signaling in a mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced AKI. NF-κB reporter activity and nuclear localization of phosphorylated NF-κB subunit p65 analyses in mice revealed that IRI induced widespread NF-κB activation in renal tubular epithelia and in interstitial cells that peaked 2-3 days after injury. To genetically antagonize tubular epithelial NF-κB activity, we generated mice expressing the human NF-κB super-repressor IκBαΔN in renal proximal, distal, and collecting duct epithelial cells. Compared with control mice, these mice exhibited improved renal function, reduced tubular apoptosis, and attenuated neutrophil and macrophage infiltration after IRI-induced AKI. Furthermore, tubular NF-κB-dependent gene expression profiles revealed temporally distinct functional gene clusters for apoptosis, chemotaxis, and morphogenesis. Primary proximal tubular cells isolated from IκBαΔN-expressing mice and exposed to hypoxia-mimetic agent cobalt chloride exhibited less apoptosis and expressed lower levels of chemokines than cells from control mice did. Our results indicate that postischemic NF-κB activation in renal tubular epithelia aggravates tubular injury and exacerbates a maladaptive inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lajos Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany;
| | - Emilia Vigolo
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Giulietta Roël
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - András Balogh
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mira Choi
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Wübken
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jimmi Cording
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Ingolf E Blasig
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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46
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Abstract
During gestation, fetomaternal exchange occurs in the villous tree (labyrinth) of the placenta. Development of this structure depends on tightly coordinated cellular processes of branching morphogenesis and differentiation of specialized trophoblast cells. The basal chorionic trophoblast (BCT) cell layer that localizes next to the chorioallantoic interface is of critical importance for labyrinth morphogenesis in rodents. Gcm1-positive cell clusters within this layer initiate branching morphogenesis thereby guiding allantoic fetal blood vessels towards maternal blood sinuses. Later these cells differentiate and contribute to the syncytiotrophoblast of the fetomaternal barrier. Additional cells within the BCT layer sustain continued morphogenesis, possibly through a repopulating progenitor population. Several mouse mutants highlight the importance of a structurally intact BCT epithelium, and a growing number of studies addresses its patterning and epithelial architecture. Here, we review and discuss emerging concepts in labyrinth development focussing on the biology of the BCT cell layer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Hinze
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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47
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Hariharan K, Kurtz A, Schmidt-Ott KM. Assembling Kidney Tissues from Cells: The Long Road from Organoids to Organs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:70. [PMID: 26618157 PMCID: PMC4641242 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine has witnessed significant advances that can pave the way to creating de novo organs. Organoids of brain, heart, intestine, liver, lung and also kidney have been developed by directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. While the success in producing tissue-specific units and organoids has been remarkable, the maintenance of an aggregation of such units in vitro is still a major challenge. While cell cultures are maintained by diffusion of oxygen and nutrients, three- dimensional in vitro organoids are generally limited in lifespan, size, and maturation due to the lack of a vascular system. Several groups have attempted to improve vascularization of organoids. Upon transplantation into a host, ramification of blood supply of host origin was observed within these organoids. Moreover, sustained circulation allows cells of an in vitro established renal organoid to mature and gain functionality in terms of absorption, secretion and filtration. Thus, the coordination of tissue differentiation and vascularization within developing organoids is an impending necessity to ensure survival, maturation, and functionality in vitro and tissue integration in vivo. In this review, we inquire how the foundation of circulation is laid down during the course of organogenesis, with special focus on the kidney. We will discuss whether nature offers a clue to assist the generation of a nephro-vascular unit that can attain functionality even prior to receiving external blood supply from a host. We revisit the steps that have been taken to induce nephrons and provide vascularity in lab grown tissues. We also discuss the possibilities offered by advancements in the field of vascular biology and developmental nephrology in order to achieve the long-term goal of producing transplantable kidneys in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Hariharan
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Kai M. Schmidt-Ott
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Charité- UniversitätsmedizinBerlin, Germany
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany
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48
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Cording J, Günther R, Vigolo E, Tscheik C, Winkler L, Schlattner I, Lorenz D, Haseloff RF, Schmidt-Ott KM, Wolburg H, Blasig IE. Redox Regulation of Cell Contacts by Tricellulin and Occludin: Redox-Sensitive Cysteine Sites in Tricellulin Regulate Both Tri- and Bicellular Junctions in Tissue Barriers as Shown in Hypoxia and Ischemia. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1035-49. [PMID: 25919114 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tight junctions (TJs) seal paracellular clefts in epithelia/endothelia and form tissue barriers for proper organ function. TJ-associated marvel proteins (TAMPs; tricellulin, occludin, marvelD3) are thought to be relevant to regulation. Under normal conditions, tricellulin tightens tricellular junctions against macromolecules. Traces of tricellulin occur in bicellular junctions. AIMS As pathological disturbances have not been analyzed, the structure and function of human tricellulin, including potentially redox-sensitive Cys sites, were investigated under reducing/oxidizing conditions at 3- and 2-cell contacts. RESULTS Ischemia, hypoxia, and reductants redistributed tricellulin from 3- to 2-cell contacts. The extracellular loop 2 (ECL2; conserved Cys321, Cys335) trans-oligomerized between three opposing cells. Substitutions of these residues caused bicellular localization. Cys362 in transmembrane domain 4 contributed to bicellular heterophilic cis-interactions along the cell membrane with claudin-1 and marvelD3, while Cys395 in the cytosolic C-terminal tail promoted homophilic tricellullar cis-interactions. The Cys sites included in homo-/heterophilic bi-/tricellular cis-/trans-interactions contributed to cell barrier tightness for small/large molecules. INNOVATION Tricellulin forms TJs via trans- and cis-association in 3-cell contacts, as demonstrated electron and quantified fluorescence microscopically; it tightens 3- and 2-cell contacts. Tricellulin's ECL2 specifically seals 3-cell contacts redox dependently; a structural model is proposed. CONCLUSIONS TAMP ECL2 and claudins' ECL1 share functionally and structurally similar features involved in homo-/heterophilic tightening of cell-cell contacts. Tricellulin is a specific redox sensor and sealing element at 3-cell contacts and may compensate as a redox mediator for occludin loss at 2-cell contacts in vivo and in vitro. Molecular interaction mechanisms were proposed that contribute to tricellulin's function. In conclusion, tricellulin is a junctional redox regulator for ischemia-related alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmi Cording
- 1 Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie , Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramona Günther
- 1 Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie , Berlin, Germany
| | - Emilia Vigolo
- 2 Department of Nephrology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine , Charite Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Lars Winkler
- 1 Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie , Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dorothea Lorenz
- 1 Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie , Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- 2 Department of Nephrology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine , Charite Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Wolburg
- 3 Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical School, University of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingolf E Blasig
- 1 Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie , Berlin, Germany
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49
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Walentin K, Hinze C, Werth M, Haase N, Varma S, Morell R, Aue A, Pötschke E, Warburton D, Qiu A, Barasch J, Purfürst B, Dieterich C, Popova E, Bader M, Dechend R, Staff AC, Yurtdas ZY, Kilic E, Schmidt-Ott KM. A Grhl2-dependent gene network controls trophoblast branching morphogenesis. Development 2015; 142:1125-36. [PMID: 25758223 DOI: 10.1242/dev.113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Healthy placental development is essential for reproductive success; failure of the feto-maternal interface results in pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation. We found that grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2), a CP2-type transcription factor, is highly expressed in chorionic trophoblast cells, including basal chorionic trophoblast (BCT) cells located at the chorioallantoic interface in murine placentas. Placentas from Grhl2-deficient mouse embryos displayed defects in BCT cell polarity and basement membrane integrity at the chorioallantoic interface, as well as a severe disruption of labyrinth branching morphogenesis. Selective Grhl2 inactivation only in epiblast-derived cells rescued all placental defects but phenocopied intraembryonic defects observed in global Grhl2 deficiency, implying the importance of Grhl2 activity in trophectoderm-derived cells. ChIP-seq identified 5282 GRHL2 binding sites in placental tissue. By integrating these data with placental gene expression profiles, we identified direct and indirect Grhl2 targets and found a marked enrichment of GRHL2 binding adjacent to genes downregulated in Grhl2(-/-) placentas, which encoded known regulators of placental development and epithelial morphogenesis. These genes included that encoding the serine protease inhibitor Kunitz type 1 (Spint1), which regulates BCT cell integrity and labyrinth formation. In human placenta, we found that human orthologs of murine GRHL2 and its targets displayed co-regulation and were expressed in trophoblast cells in a similar domain as in mouse placenta. Our data indicate that a conserved Grhl2-coordinated gene network controls trophoblast branching morphogenesis, thereby facilitating development of the site of feto-maternal exchange. This might have implications for syndromes related to placental dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Walentin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a collaboration between the Max Delbrück Center and the Medical Faculty of the Charité, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Christian Hinze
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a collaboration between the Max Delbrück Center and the Medical Faculty of the Charité, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Max Werth
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a collaboration between the Max Delbrück Center and the Medical Faculty of the Charité, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nadine Haase
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a collaboration between the Max Delbrück Center and the Medical Faculty of the Charité, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Saaket Varma
- Department of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Robert Morell
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)/National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5 Research Court, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Annekatrin Aue
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a collaboration between the Max Delbrück Center and the Medical Faculty of the Charité, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Pötschke
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - David Warburton
- Department of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Andong Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jonathan Barasch
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bettina Purfürst
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Bioinformatics, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Elena Popova
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a collaboration between the Max Delbrück Center and the Medical Faculty of the Charité, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, Oslo 0450, Norway
| | - Zeliha Yesim Yurtdas
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany Berlin Institute of Urologic Research, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Ergin Kilic
- Department of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a collaboration between the Max Delbrück Center and the Medical Faculty of the Charité, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
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50
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Aue A, Hinze C, Walentin K, Ruffert J, Yurtdas Y, Werth M, Chen W, Rabien A, Kilic E, Schulzke JD, Schumann M, Schmidt-Ott KM. A Grainyhead-Like 2/Ovo-Like 2 Pathway Regulates Renal Epithelial Barrier Function and Lumen Expansion. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2704-15. [PMID: 25788534 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014080759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Grainyhead transcription factors control epithelial barriers, tissue morphogenesis, and differentiation, but their role in the kidney is poorly understood. Here, we report that nephric duct, ureteric bud, and collecting duct epithelia express high levels of grainyhead-like homolog 2 (Grhl2) and that nephric duct lumen expansion is defective in Grhl2-deficient mice. In collecting duct epithelial cells, Grhl2 inactivation impaired epithelial barrier formation and inhibited lumen expansion. Molecular analyses showed that GRHL2 acts as a transcriptional activator and strongly associates with histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation. Integrating genome-wide GRHL2 binding as well as H3 lysine 4 trimethylation chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and gene expression data allowed us to derive a high-confidence GRHL2 target set. GRHL2 transactivated a group of genes including Ovol2, encoding the ovo-like 2 zinc finger transcription factor, as well as E-cadherin, claudin 4 (Cldn4), and the small GTPase Rab25. Ovol2 induction alone was sufficient to bypass the requirement of Grhl2 for E-cadherin, Cldn4, and Rab25 expression. Re-expression of either Ovol2 or a combination of Cldn4 and Rab25 was sufficient to rescue lumen expansion and barrier formation in Grhl2-deficient collecting duct cells. Hence, we identified a Grhl2/Ovol2 network controlling Cldn4 and Rab25 expression that facilitates lumen expansion and barrier formation in subtypes of renal epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrin Aue
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, and
| | - Christian Hinze
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Departments of Nephrology
| | | | - Janett Ruffert
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yesim Yurtdas
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Urology, Berlin Institute of Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Werth
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wei Chen
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Rabien
- Urology, Berlin Institute of Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Schumann
- Gastroenterology, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, and Departments of Nephrology,
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