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Savadjiev P, Gallix B, Rezanejad M, Bhatnagar S, Semionov A, Siddiqi K, Forghani R, Reinhold C, Eidelman DH, Dandurand RJ. Improved Detection of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at Chest CT Using the Mean Curvature of Isophotes. Radiol Artif Intell 2022; 4:e210105. [PMID: 35146436 DOI: 10.1148/ryai.210105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if the mean curvature of isophotes (MCI), a standard computer vision technique, can be used to improve detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at chest CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, chest CT scans were obtained in 243 patients with COPD and 31 controls (among all 274: 151 women [mean age, 70 years; range, 44-90 years] and 123 men [mean age, 71 years; range, 29-90 years]) from two community practices between 2006 and 2019. A convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture was trained on either CT images or CT images transformed through the MCI algorithm. Separately, a linear classification based on a single feature derived from the MCI computation (called hMCI1) was also evaluated. All three models were evaluated with cross-validation, using precision-macro and recall-macro metrics, that is, the mean of per-class precision and recall values, respectively (the latter being equivalent to balanced accuracy). RESULTS Linear classification based on hMCI1 resulted in a higher recall-macro relative to the CNN trained and applied on CT images (0.85 [95% CI: 0.84, 0.86] vs 0.77 [95% CI: 0.75, 0.79]) but with a similar reduction in precision-macro (0.66 [95% CI: 0.65, 0.67] vs 0.77 [95% CI: 0.75, 0.79]). The CNN model trained and applied on MCI-transformed images had a higher recall-macro (0.85 [95% CI: 0.83, 0.87] vs 0.77 [95% CI: 0.75, 0.79]) and precision-macro (0.85 [95% CI: 0.83, 0.87] vs 0.77 [95% CI: 0.75, 0.79]) relative to the CNN trained and applied on CT images. CONCLUSION The MCI algorithm may be valuable toward the automated detection and diagnosis of COPD on chest CT scans as part of a CNN-based pipeline or with stand-alone features.Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Quantification, Lung, CT Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the invited commentary by Vannier in this issue.© RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Savadjiev
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (P.S., S.B., A.S., R.F., C.R.), Research Institute (R.F., C.R., D.H.E., R.J.D.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute (D.H.E., R.J.D.), Centre for Innovative Medicine, Research Institute (R.J.D.), and Montreal Chest Institute (R.J.D.), McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montréal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Pathology (P.S.), Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology (P.S.), School of Computer Science (P.S., K.S.), Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (S.B.), Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital (R.F.), and Department of Medicine (D.H.E., R.J.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut de Chirurgie Guidée par l'Image, IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (B.G.); Bernhardt-Walther Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.R.); and Lakeshore General Hospital, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada (R.J.D.)
| | - Benoit Gallix
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (P.S., S.B., A.S., R.F., C.R.), Research Institute (R.F., C.R., D.H.E., R.J.D.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute (D.H.E., R.J.D.), Centre for Innovative Medicine, Research Institute (R.J.D.), and Montreal Chest Institute (R.J.D.), McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montréal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Pathology (P.S.), Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology (P.S.), School of Computer Science (P.S., K.S.), Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (S.B.), Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital (R.F.), and Department of Medicine (D.H.E., R.J.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut de Chirurgie Guidée par l'Image, IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (B.G.); Bernhardt-Walther Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.R.); and Lakeshore General Hospital, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada (R.J.D.)
| | - Morteza Rezanejad
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (P.S., S.B., A.S., R.F., C.R.), Research Institute (R.F., C.R., D.H.E., R.J.D.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute (D.H.E., R.J.D.), Centre for Innovative Medicine, Research Institute (R.J.D.), and Montreal Chest Institute (R.J.D.), McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montréal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Pathology (P.S.), Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology (P.S.), School of Computer Science (P.S., K.S.), Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (S.B.), Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital (R.F.), and Department of Medicine (D.H.E., R.J.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut de Chirurgie Guidée par l'Image, IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (B.G.); Bernhardt-Walther Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.R.); and Lakeshore General Hospital, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada (R.J.D.)
| | - Sahir Bhatnagar
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (P.S., S.B., A.S., R.F., C.R.), Research Institute (R.F., C.R., D.H.E., R.J.D.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute (D.H.E., R.J.D.), Centre for Innovative Medicine, Research Institute (R.J.D.), and Montreal Chest Institute (R.J.D.), McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montréal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Pathology (P.S.), Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology (P.S.), School of Computer Science (P.S., K.S.), Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (S.B.), Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital (R.F.), and Department of Medicine (D.H.E., R.J.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut de Chirurgie Guidée par l'Image, IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (B.G.); Bernhardt-Walther Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.R.); and Lakeshore General Hospital, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada (R.J.D.)
| | - Alexandre Semionov
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (P.S., S.B., A.S., R.F., C.R.), Research Institute (R.F., C.R., D.H.E., R.J.D.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute (D.H.E., R.J.D.), Centre for Innovative Medicine, Research Institute (R.J.D.), and Montreal Chest Institute (R.J.D.), McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montréal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Pathology (P.S.), Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology (P.S.), School of Computer Science (P.S., K.S.), Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (S.B.), Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital (R.F.), and Department of Medicine (D.H.E., R.J.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut de Chirurgie Guidée par l'Image, IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (B.G.); Bernhardt-Walther Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.R.); and Lakeshore General Hospital, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada (R.J.D.)
| | - Kaleem Siddiqi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (P.S., S.B., A.S., R.F., C.R.), Research Institute (R.F., C.R., D.H.E., R.J.D.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute (D.H.E., R.J.D.), Centre for Innovative Medicine, Research Institute (R.J.D.), and Montreal Chest Institute (R.J.D.), McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montréal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Pathology (P.S.), Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology (P.S.), School of Computer Science (P.S., K.S.), Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (S.B.), Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital (R.F.), and Department of Medicine (D.H.E., R.J.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut de Chirurgie Guidée par l'Image, IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (B.G.); Bernhardt-Walther Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.R.); and Lakeshore General Hospital, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada (R.J.D.)
| | - Reza Forghani
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (P.S., S.B., A.S., R.F., C.R.), Research Institute (R.F., C.R., D.H.E., R.J.D.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute (D.H.E., R.J.D.), Centre for Innovative Medicine, Research Institute (R.J.D.), and Montreal Chest Institute (R.J.D.), McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montréal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Pathology (P.S.), Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology (P.S.), School of Computer Science (P.S., K.S.), Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (S.B.), Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital (R.F.), and Department of Medicine (D.H.E., R.J.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut de Chirurgie Guidée par l'Image, IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (B.G.); Bernhardt-Walther Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.R.); and Lakeshore General Hospital, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada (R.J.D.)
| | - Caroline Reinhold
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (P.S., S.B., A.S., R.F., C.R.), Research Institute (R.F., C.R., D.H.E., R.J.D.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute (D.H.E., R.J.D.), Centre for Innovative Medicine, Research Institute (R.J.D.), and Montreal Chest Institute (R.J.D.), McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montréal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Pathology (P.S.), Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology (P.S.), School of Computer Science (P.S., K.S.), Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (S.B.), Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital (R.F.), and Department of Medicine (D.H.E., R.J.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut de Chirurgie Guidée par l'Image, IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (B.G.); Bernhardt-Walther Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.R.); and Lakeshore General Hospital, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada (R.J.D.)
| | - David H Eidelman
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (P.S., S.B., A.S., R.F., C.R.), Research Institute (R.F., C.R., D.H.E., R.J.D.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute (D.H.E., R.J.D.), Centre for Innovative Medicine, Research Institute (R.J.D.), and Montreal Chest Institute (R.J.D.), McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montréal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Pathology (P.S.), Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology (P.S.), School of Computer Science (P.S., K.S.), Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (S.B.), Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital (R.F.), and Department of Medicine (D.H.E., R.J.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut de Chirurgie Guidée par l'Image, IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (B.G.); Bernhardt-Walther Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.R.); and Lakeshore General Hospital, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada (R.J.D.)
| | - Ronald J Dandurand
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (P.S., S.B., A.S., R.F., C.R.), Research Institute (R.F., C.R., D.H.E., R.J.D.), Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute (D.H.E., R.J.D.), Centre for Innovative Medicine, Research Institute (R.J.D.), and Montreal Chest Institute (R.J.D.), McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montréal, QC, Canada H4A 3J1; Department of Pathology (P.S.), Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology (P.S.), School of Computer Science (P.S., K.S.), Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health (S.B.), Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital (R.F.), and Department of Medicine (D.H.E., R.J.D.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut de Chirurgie Guidée par l'Image, IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France (B.G.); Bernhardt-Walther Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.R.); and Lakeshore General Hospital, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada (R.J.D.)
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Suinesiaputra A, Ablin P, Albà X, Alessandrini M, Allen J, Bai W, Çimen S, Claes P, Cowan BR, D’hooge J, Duchateau N, Ehrhardt J, Frangi AF, Gooya A, Grau V, Lekadir K, Lu A, Mukhopadhyay A, Oksuz I, Parajuli N, Pennec X, Pereañez M, Pinto C, Piras P, Rohé MM, Rueckert D, Säring D, Sermesant M, Siddiqi K, Tabassian M, Teresi L, Tsaftaris SA, Wilms M, Young AA, Zhang X, Medrano-Gracia P. Statistical shape modeling of the left ventricle: myocardial infarct classification challenge. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2018; 22:503-515. [PMID: 28103561 PMCID: PMC5857476 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2017.2652449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Statistical shape modeling is a powerful tool for visualizing and quantifying geometric and functional patterns of the heart. After myocardial infarction (MI), the left ventricle typically remodels in response to physiological challenges. Several methods have been proposed in the literature to describe statistical shape changes. Which method best characterizes left ventricular remodeling after MI is an open research question. A better descriptor of remodeling is expected to provide a more accurate evaluation of disease status in MI patients. We therefore designed a challenge to test shape characterization in MI given a set of three-dimensional left ventricular surface points. The training set comprised 100 MI patients, and 100 asymptomatic volunteers (AV). The challenge was initiated in 2015 at the Statistical Atlases and Computational Models of the Heart workshop, in conjunction with the MICCAI conference. The training set with labels was provided to participants, who were asked to submit the likelihood of MI from a different (validation) set of 200 cases (100 AV and 100 MI). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were used as the outcome measures. The goals of this challenge were to (1) establish a common dataset for evaluating statistical shape modeling algorithms in MI, and (2) test whether statistical shape modeling provides additional information characterizing MI patients over standard clinical measures. Eleven groups with a wide variety of classification and feature extraction approaches participated in this challenge. All methods achieved excellent classification results with accuracy ranges from 0.83 to 0.98. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were all above 0.90. Four methods showed significantly higher performance than standard clinical measures. The dataset and software for evaluation are available from the Cardiac Atlas Project website1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avan Suinesiaputra
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Pierre Ablin
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Xènia Albà
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Martino Alessandrini
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Jack Allen
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Wenjia Bai
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Serkan Çimen
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Peter Claes
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Brett R. Cowan
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Jan D’hooge
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Nicolas Duchateau
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Jan Ehrhardt
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Alejandro F. Frangi
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Ali Gooya
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Vicente Grau
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Karim Lekadir
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Allen Lu
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Anirban Mukhopadhyay
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Ilkay Oksuz
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Nripesh Parajuli
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Xavier Pennec
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Marco Pereañez
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Catarina Pinto
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Paolo Piras
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Marc-Michel Rohé
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Daniel Rueckert
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Dennis Säring
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Maxime Sermesant
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Kaleem Siddiqi
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Mahdi Tabassian
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Luciano Teresi
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Sotirios A. Tsaftaris
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Matthias Wilms
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Alistair A. Young
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
| | - Pau Medrano-Gracia
- AS, XZ, BRC, AAY and PM-G are with the Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand. WB and DR are with Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK. AM is with Zuse Institute Berlin, Germany. IO and SAT are with IMT Institute for Advanced Studies Lucca, Italy. SAT is also with the University of Edinburgh, UK. JA and VG are with the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford. PA and KS are with School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University. KL, MP, and XA are with Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain. SÇ, AG, CP and AFF are with the Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine, University of Sheffield, UK. PP is with Department Structural Engineering & Geotechnics, Sapienza, Università di Roma, Italy. LT is with Dept. Mathematics & Physics, Roma Tre University, Italy. MT, MA and JD are with the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium. PC is with the Department of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, KU Leuven, Belgium. MT and MA are also with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy. JE and MW are with the Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. DS is with the University of Applied Sciences Wedel, Wedel, Germany. NP and AL are with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. M-MR, ND, MS and XP are with the Inria Sophia-Antipolis, Asclepios Research Group, France
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