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Stachowiak A, Kędzierski K, Barszcz B, Kotwica K, Wróbel D. Determination of phthalocyanines energy gaps based on spectroscopic and electrochemical studies and DFT calculations. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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2
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Kotwica K, Wielgus I, Proń A. Azaacenes Based Electroactive Materials: Preparation, Structure, Electrochemistry, Spectroscopy and Applications-A Critical Review. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14185155. [PMID: 34576378 PMCID: PMC8472324 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This short critical review is devoted to the synthesis and functionalization of various types of azaacenes, organic semiconducting compounds which can be considered as promising materials for the fabrication of n-channel or ambipolar field effect transistors (FETs), components of active layers in light emitting diodes (LEDs), components of organic memory devices and others. Emphasis is put on the diversity of azaacenes preparation methods and the possibility of tuning their redox and spectroscopic properties by changing the C/N ratio, modifying the nitrogen atoms distribution mode, functionalization with electroaccepting or electrodonating groups and changing their molecular shape. Processability, structural features and degradation pathways of these compounds are also discussed. A unique feature of this review concerns the listed redox potentials of all discussed compounds which were normalized vs. Fc/Fc+. This required, in frequent cases, recalculation of the originally reported data in which these potentials were determined against different types of reference electrodes. The same applied to all reported electron affinities (EAs). EA values calculated using different methods were recalculated by applying the method of Sworakowski and co-workers (Org. Electron. 2016, 33, 300-310) to yield, for the first time, a set of normalized data, which could be directly compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kotwica
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ireneusz Wielgus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland; (I.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Adam Proń
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland; (I.W.); (A.P.)
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3
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Maranda-Niedbała A, Krzyżewska K, Kotwica K, Skórka Ł, Drapała J, Jarzembska KN, Zagórska M, Proń A, Nowakowski R. 9,10-Anthraquinones Disubstituted with Linear Alkoxy Groups: Spectroscopy, Electrochemistry, and Peculiarities of Their 2D and 3D Supramolecular Organizations. Langmuir 2020; 36:15048-15063. [PMID: 33271019 PMCID: PMC7745534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic, electrochemical, and structural properties of 2,6-dialkoxy-9,10-anthraquinones (Anth-OCn, n = 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12) of increasing alkoxy substituents length were investigated. UV-vis spectroscopy showed a substitution-induced bathochromic shift of the least energetic band from 325 nm in the case of unsubstituted anthraquinone to ca. 350 nm for the studied derivatives. Similarly as unsubstituted anthraquinone, the studied compound showed two reversible one electron reductions to a radical anion and spinless anions, respectively. The first reduction was affected by electron-donating properties of the substituents, its potential being shifted to ca. -1.5 V (vs Fc/Fc+), i.e., by 80 to 95 mV as compared to the case of unsubstituted anthraquinone. This corresponded to a decrease of |EA| from 3.27 to 3.19-3.17 eV. The experimental spectroscopic and electrochemical data were in full agreement with the DFT calculations. The introduction of the alkoxy substituent improved solution processibility of the studied compounds and facilitated the formation of their ordered supramolecular 2D aggregation on HOPG as well as single crystal growth from solutions. Comparative structural investigations carried out on single crystals and monolayers deposited on HOPG revealed two, mutually related, effects of the substituent length on the resulting supramolecular organization. The first one concerns both the 2D organization in the monolayers and 3D molecular arrangement in crystals: increasing substituent length evolution of the structure occurs from herringbone-type to lamellar. The second effect, observed in monolayers of the derivatives with longer substituents, concerns gradual evolution of their lamellar structures with increasing substituent length. This evolution is induced by the structure of the graphite substrate and involves increasing correlation of the molecules orientation (anthraquinone cores as well as alkoxy substituents) with the symmetry of the graphite substrate. As a result, their 2D and 3D structures become dissimilar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaudyna Krzyżewska
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Kamil Kotwica
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
- Warsaw
University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Łukasz Skórka
- Warsaw
University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jakub Drapała
- Warsaw
University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
- University
of Warsaw, Department of Chemistry, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Zagórska
- Warsaw
University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Adam Proń
- Warsaw
University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Robert Nowakowski
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
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4
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Kowalik P, Bujak P, Wróbel Z, Penkala M, Kotwica K, Maroń A, Pron A. From Red to Green Luminescence via Surface Functionalization. Effect of 2-(5-Mercaptothien-2-yl)-8-(thien-2-yl)-5-hexylthieno[3,4- c]pyrrole-4,6-dione Ligands on the Photoluminescence of Alloyed Ag-In-Zn-S Nanocrystals. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14594-14604. [PMID: 32941018 PMCID: PMC7586334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A semiconducting molecule containing a thiol anchor group, namely 2-(5-mercaptothien-2-yl)-8-(thien-2-yl)-5-hexylthieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (abbreviated as D-A-D-SH), was designed, synthesized, and used as a ligand in nonstoichiometric quaternary nanocrystals of composition Ag1.0In3.1Zn1.0S4.0(S6.1) to give an inorganic/organic hybrid. Detailed NMR studies indicate that D-A-D-SH ligands are present in two coordination spheres in the organic part of the hybrid: (i) inner in which the ligand molecules form direct bonds with the nanocrystal surface and (ii) outer in which the ligand molecules do not form direct bonds with the inorganic core. Exchange of the initial ligands (stearic acid and 1-aminooctadecane) for D-A-D-SH induces a distinct change of the photoluminescence. Efficient red luminescence of nanocrystals capped with initial ligands (λmax = 720 nm, quantum yield = 67%) is totally quenched and green luminescence characteristic of the ligand appears (λmax = 508 nm, quantum yield = 10%). This change of the photoluminescence mechanism can be clarified by a combination of electrochemical and spectroscopic investigations. It can be demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry that new states appear in the hybrid as a consequence of D-A-D-SH binding to the nanocrystals surface. These states are located below the nanocrystal LUMO and above its HOMO, respectively. They are concurrent to deeper donor and acceptor states governing the red luminescence. As a result, energy transfer from the nanocrystal HOMO and LUMO levels to the ligand states takes place, leading to effective quenching of the red luminescence and appearance of the green one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kowalik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Str., PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bujak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Wróbel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Penkala
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kamil Kotwica
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Maroń
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Pron
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Jaroch T, Maranda-Niedbała A, Krzyżewska K, Kotwica K, Bujak P, Skórka Ł, Zagórska M, Proń A, Nowakowski R. Self-Assembly Properties of Solution Processable, Electroactive Alkoxy, and Alkylthienylene Derivatives of Fused Benzoacridines: A Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study. Langmuir 2020; 36:5417-5427. [PMID: 32340450 PMCID: PMC7588136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Self-organization in mono- and bilayers on HOPG of two groups of benz[5,6]acridino[2,1,9,8-klmna]acridine derivatives, namely, 8,16-dialkoxybenzo[h]benz[5,6]acridino[2,1,9,8-klmna]acridines with an increasing alkoxy substituent length and 8,16-bis(3- or 4- or 5-octylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[h]benz[5,6]acridino[2,1,9,8-klmna]acridines, i.e., three positional isomers of the same benzoacridine, is investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. The layers were deposited from a solution of the adsorbate (in hexane or dichloromethane) and imaged ex situ at molecular resolution. In all cases, the resulting two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular organization is governed by the interactions between large, fused heteroaromatic cores that form densely packed rows separated by areas covered by substituents. In 8,16-dialkoxybenzo[h]benz[5,6]acridino[2,1,9,8-klmna]acridines, the alkoxy substituents, separating the rows of densely packed cores, are interdigitated. An increasing substituent length leads to an intuitively expected increase in this 2D unit cell parameter that corresponds to the orientation of the substituent in the monolayer. In the case of 8,16-bis(3- or 4- or 5-octylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[h]benz[5,6]acridino[2,1,9,8-klmna]acridine positional isomers, the self-assembly processes are more complex. Although the determined 2D unit cell is in all cases essentially the same, the role of alkylthienylene substituents in layer formation is distinctly different. Thus, the formation of monolayers and bilayers is very sensitive to isomerism. 8,16-Bis(5-octylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[h]benz[5,6]acridino[2,1,9,8-klmna]acridine is capable of forming the most stable monolayer and the most labile bilayer. In the case of 8,16-bis(3-octylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[h]benz[5,6]acridino[2,1,9,8-klmna]acridine, an inverse phenomenon is observed leading to the most labile monolayer and the most stable bilayer. These differences are rationalized in terms of dissimilar molecular geometries of the studied isomers and different interdigitation patterns in their 2D supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Jaroch
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Klaudyna Krzyżewska
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Kamil Kotwica
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
- Warsaw
University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Piotr Bujak
- Warsaw
University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Łukasz Skórka
- Warsaw
University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zagórska
- Warsaw
University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Adam Proń
- Warsaw
University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Robert Nowakowski
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
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6
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Bujak P, Wróbel Z, Penkala M, Kotwica K, Kmita A, Gajewska M, Ostrowski A, Kowalik P, Pron A. Highly Luminescent Ag–In–Zn–S Quaternary Nanocrystals: Growth Mechanism and Surface Chemistry Elucidation. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:1358-1370. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bujak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Wróbel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Penkala
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kamil Kotwica
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Kmita
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Gajewska
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ostrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kowalik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Str., PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Pron
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Gabka G, Bujak P, Żukrowski J, Zabost D, Kotwica K, Malinowska K, Ostrowski A, Wielgus I, Lisowski W, Sobczak JW, Przybylski M, Pron A. Non-injection synthesis of monodisperse Cu-Fe-S nanocrystals and their size dependent properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 18:15091-101. [PMID: 27197089 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01887d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that ternary Cu-Fe-S nanocrystals differing in composition (from Cu-rich to Fe-rich), structure (chalcopyrite or high bornite) and size can be obtained from a mixture of CuCl, FeCl3, thiourea and oleic acid (OA) in oleylamine (OLA) using the heating up procedure. This new preparation method yields the smallest Cu-Fe-S nanocrystals ever reported to date (1.5 nm for the high bornite structure and 2.7 nm for the chalcopyrite structure). A comparative study of nanocrystals of the same composition (Cu1.6Fe1.0S2.0) but different in size (2.7 nm and 9.3 nm) revealed a pronounced quantum confinement effect, confirmed by three different techniques: UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The optical band gap increased from 0.60 eV in the bulk material to 0.69 eV in the nanocrystals of 9.3 nm size and to 1.39 eV in nanocrystals of 2.7 nm size. The same trend was observed in the electrochemical band gaps, derived from cyclic voltammetry studies (band gaps of 0.74 eV and 1.54 eV). The quantum effect was also manifested in Mössbauer spectroscopy by an abrupt change in the spectrum from a quadrupole doublet to a Zeeman sextet below 10 K, which could be interpreted in terms of the well defined energy states in these nanoparticles, resulting from quantum confinement. The Mössbauer spectroscopic data confirmed, in addition to the results of XPS spectroscopy, the co-existence of Fe(iii) and Fe(ii) in the synthesized nanocrystals. The organic shell composition was investigated by NMR (after dissolution of the inorganic core) and IR spectroscopy. Both methods identified oleylamine (OLA) and 1-octadecene (ODE) as surfacial ligands, the latter being formed in situ via an elimination-hydrogenation reaction occurring between OLA and the nanocrystal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Gabka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Bujak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jan Żukrowski
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Damian Zabost
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Kotwica
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karolina Malinowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ostrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ireneusz Wielgus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Lisowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz W Sobczak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Przybylski
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland and Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Pron
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
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8
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Gabka G, Bujak P, Kotwica K, Ostrowski A, Lisowski W, Sobczak JW, Pron A. Luminophores of tunable colors from ternary Ag–In–S and quaternary Ag–In–Zn–S nanocrystals covering the visible to near-infrared spectral range. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:1217-1228. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07008f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an efficient synthesis of Ag–In–S and Ag–In–Zn–S nanocrystals with strong photoluminescence (QY = 59%) in the visible to near-infrared range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Gabka
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Piotr Bujak
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Kamil Kotwica
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Andrzej Ostrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Wojciech Lisowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Science
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Janusz W. Sobczak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Science
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Adam Pron
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw
- Poland
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9
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Kotwica K, Kostyuchenko AS, Data P, Marszalek T, Skorka L, Jaroch T, Kacka S, Zagorska M, Nowakowski R, Monkman AP, Fisyuk AS, Pisula W, Pron A. Star-Shaped Conjugated Molecules with Oxa- or Thiadiazole Bithiophene Side Arms. Chemistry 2016; 22:11795-806. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kotwica
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anastasia S. Kostyuchenko
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Omsk F. M. Dostoevsky State University; Mira av. 55A Omsk Russian Federation
- Laboratory of New Organic Materials; Omsk State Technical University; Mira av. 11 Omsk 644050 Russian Federation
| | - Przemyslaw Data
- Physics Department; University of Durham; South Road Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz Marszalek
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Lukasz Skorka
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Tomasz Jaroch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Sylwia Kacka
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zagorska
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Robert Nowakowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrew P. Monkman
- Physics Department; University of Durham; South Road Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom
| | - Alexander S. Fisyuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Omsk F. M. Dostoevsky State University; Mira av. 55A Omsk Russian Federation
- Laboratory of New Organic Materials; Omsk State Technical University; Mira av. 11 Omsk 644050 Russian Federation
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Molecular Physics; Faculty of Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology; Zeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Adam Pron
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00664 Warsaw Poland
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10
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Kotwica K, Bujak P, Data P, Krzywiec W, Wamil D, Gunka PA, Skorka L, Jaroch T, Nowakowski R, Pron A, Monkman A. Soluble Flavanthrone Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application to Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Chemistry 2016; 22:7978-86. [PMID: 27106658 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Simple modification of benzo[h]benz[5,6]acridino[2,1,9,8-klmna]acridine-8,16-dione, an old and almost-forgotten vat dye, by reduction of its carbonyl groups and subsequent O-alkylation, yields solution-processable, electroactive, conjugated compounds of the periazaacene type, suitable for the use in organic electronics. Their electrochemically determined ionization potential and electron affinity of about 5.2 and -3.2 eV, respectively, are essentially independent of the length of the alkoxyl substituent and in good agreement with DFT calculations. The crystal structure of 8,16-dioctyloxybenzo[h]benz[5,6]acridino[2,1,9,8-klmna]acridine (FC-8), the most promising compound, was solved. It crystallizes in space group P1‾ and forms π-stacked columns held together in the 3D structure by dispersion forces, mainly between interdigitated alkyl chains. Molecules of FC-8 have a strong tendency to self-organize in monolayers deposited on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface, as observed by STM. 8,16-Dialkoxybenzo[h]benz[5,6]acridino[2,1,9,8-klmna]acridines are highly luminescent, and all have photoluminescence quantum yields of about 80 %. They show efficient electroluminescence, and can be used as guest molecules with a 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl host in guest/host-type organic light-emitting diodes. The best fabricated diodes showed a luminance of about 1900 cd m(-12) , a luminance efficiency of about 3 cd A(-1) , and external quantum efficiencies exceeding 0.9 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kotwica
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bujak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Przemyslaw Data
- Physics Department, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.,Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Krzywiec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Wamil
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr A Gunka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skorka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jaroch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Nowakowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Pron
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrew Monkman
- Physics Department, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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11
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Kotwica K, Bujak P, Wamil D, Materna M, Skorka L, Gunka PA, Nowakowski R, Golec B, Luszczynska B, Zagorska M, Pron A. Indanthrone dye revisited after sixty years. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:11543-6. [PMID: 25133516 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04778h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Indanthrone, an old, insoluble dye can be converted into a solution processable, self-assembling and electroluminescent organic semiconductor, namely tetraoctyloxydinaptho[2,3-a:2',3'-h]phenazine (P-C8), in a simple one-pot process consisting of the reduction of the carbonyl group by sodium dithionite followed by the substitution with solubility inducing groups under phase transfer catalysis conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kotwica
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Cioch M, Jawniak D, Kotwica K, Wach M, Mańko J, Gorący A, Klimek P, Mazurkiewicz E, Jarosz P, Hus M. Biosimilar Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Is Effective in Reducing the Duration of Neutropenia After Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:2882-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Jarosz T, Data P, Domagala W, Kuznik W, Kotwica K, Lapkowski M. Solubility controlled electropolymerisation and study of the impact of regioregularity on the spectroelectrochemical properties of thin films of poly(3-octylthiophenes). Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Gabka G, Bujak P, Giedyk K, Kotwica K, Ostrowski A, Malinowska K, Lisowski W, Sobczak JW, Pron A. Ligand exchange in quaternary alloyed nanocrystals – a spectroscopic study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:23082-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03850a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Detailed NMR and XPS studies of the exchange of initial ligands for pyridine in quaternary nanocrystals enabled us to demonstrate, for the first time, direct binding of this labile ligand to the nanocrystal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Gabka
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bujak
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Giedyk
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kotwica
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ostrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Lisowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Science
- 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz W. Sobczak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Science
- 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Pron
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Warsaw University of Technology
- 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Zapala J, Knor M, Jaroch T, Maranda-Niedbala A, Kurach E, Kotwica K, Nowakowski R, Djurado D, Pecaut J, Zagorska M, Pron A. Self-assembly properties of semiconducting donor-acceptor-donor bithienyl derivatives of tetrazine and thiadiazole-effect of the electron accepting central ring. Langmuir 2013; 29:14503-14511. [PMID: 24228736 DOI: 10.1021/la4034707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy was used to study the effect of the electron-accepting unit and the alkyl substituent's position on the type and extent of 2D supramolecular organization of penta-ring donor-acceptor-donor (DAD) semiconductors, consisting of either tetrazine or thiadiazole central acceptor ring symmetrically attached to two bithienyl groups. Microscopic observations of monomolecular layers on HOPG of four alkyl derivatives of the studied adsorbates indicate significant differences in their 2D organizations. Ordered monolayers of thiadiazole derivatives are relatively loose and, independent of the position of alkyl substituents, characterized by large intermolecular separation of acceptor units in the adjacent molecules located in the face-to-face configuration. The 2D supramolecular architecture in both derivatives of thiadiazole is very sensitive to the alkyl substituent's position. Significantly different behavior is observed for derivatives of tetrazine (which is a stronger electron acceptor). Stronger intermolecular DA interactions in these adsorbates generate an intermolecular shift in the monolayer, which is a dominant factor determining the 2D structural organization. As a consequence of this molecular arrangement, tetrazine groups (A segments) face thiophene rings (D segments) of the neighboring molecules. Monolayers of tetrazine derivatives are therefore much more densely packed and characterized by similar π-stacking of molecules independently of the position of alkyl substituents. Moreover, a comparative study of 3D supramolecular organization, deduced from the X-ray diffraction patterns, is also presented clearly confirming the polymorphism of the studied adsorbates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zapala
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52, 01224 Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Kotwica K, Kurach E, Louarn G, Kostyuchenko A, Fisyuk A, Zagorska M, Pron A. Alternating copolymers of thiadiazole and quaterthiophenes – Synthesis, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical characterization. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Normal subjects aged 7-25 years were asked to tap the index fingers of both hands: a) in four different patterns of interlimb coordination; b) at two different response frequencies; and c) both before and after the entraining metronome was turned off. The outcome variables of primary interest were the within-subject variability of interresponse intervals (IRI) as an index of timing precision; and deviations from prescribed response frequency, as an index of temporal tracking accuracy. Stability of timing precision and accuracy of temporal tracking increased significantly from 7 to 9 and from 9 to 11 years, with only minor advances thereafter. There were significant right-left performance asymmetries in all bimanual tasks; variability of IRI and deviations from prescribed rate were greater at the faster of the two response frequencies tested; and stability of IRI and accuracy of temporal tracking were greater with than without the metronome. Stability of IRI and accuracy of temporal tracking were strongly correlated in some bimanual tasks. The findings are discussed in terms of the two major theoretical perspectives on human brain-behavior relationships that have specifically addressed the issue of bimanual coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Wolff
- Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Abstract
The major trends in current research on developmental dyslexia assume that impaired phonological processing is the core deficit in this disorder. Our earlier studies indicated that half of all dyslexic persons have significant deficits of bimanual motor coordination, and that impaired temporal resolution in motor action may identify a vertically transmitted behavioral phenotype in familial dyslexia. This report examines the relationship between spelling errors as a measure of impaired phonological processing and motor coordination deficits in the same dyslexia families. Affected family members with motor coordination deficits made significantly more dysphonetic spelling errors than dyslexic family members without motor deficits, but there was no evidence that dysphonetic spelling is vertically transmitted in dyslexia families. On the other hand, affected offspring of affected parents with motor coordination deficits made relatively more dysphonetic spelling errors than the affected offspring of parents without motor coordination deficits. We suggest that dysphonetic spelling may be one outward expression of a vertically transmitted behavioral phenotype of impaired temporal resolution that is clearly expressed in coordinated motor action.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Wolff
- Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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