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Jacob S, Nair AB, Boddu SHS, Abuhijjleh RK, Selvaraju K, Babu T, Gorain B, Shah J, Morsy MA. The emerging role of lipid nanosystems and nanomicelles in liver diseases. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:8651-8680. [PMID: 37782180 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202309_33790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit remarkable potential in the diagnosis and treatment of various liver ailments, including primary liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, and alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases. High surface area-to-volume ratio with distinct physicochemical and bio-pharmaceutical properties have contributed numerous benefits to NPs, such as high intracellular uptake and efficient drug delivery capabilities stemming from their ability to encapsulate a diverse range of drugs. Lipid-based nanosystems have demonstrated significant potential as reliable and efficient transport vehicles for a variety of actives, including small interfering RNA, targeting the liver, owing to their excellent in vivo compatibility, biodegradable nature, and non-toxic properties. Multiple aspects of various lipid-based materials, lipid nanosystems like solid lipid NPs, nanovesicles such as nanoemulsions, liposomes, and nanomicelles for liver-specific active targeting have been comprehensively reviewed. Ongoing and completed clinical trials of lipid nanosystems developed for HCC, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatitis are tabulated. Types of receptors and ligands typically used for active liver targeting in HCC are extensively discussed. The US FDA's recent approval for the use of Onpattro (Patisiran) injection to treat polyneuropathy in adult patients is indicative of the rapid development of lipid nanosystems employed for hepatic targeting. Nanoemulsions loaded with diagnostic imaging agents for multi-modal liver imaging were briefly discussed. Emerging technologies are being developed to integrate desirable properties of nanoparticles (NPs), including high stability, efficient drug loading, opsonization avoidance, active liver targeting, and facilitation of endosomal escape. Clinical translations of many lipid NPs for drug and gene therapy applications targeting different liver diseases are expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
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Jothi B, Stephen AD, Selvaraju K, Al-Sehemi AG. Investigating the potential of organic semiconductor materials by DFT and TD-DFT calculations on aNDTs. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16740. [PMID: 37287618 PMCID: PMC10241866 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of substituting electron withdrawing and electron donating functional groups on the electronic and optical properties of angular naphthodithiophene (aNDT) were studied. Substitutions were made to the aNDT molecule at position 2 and 7, respectively. The computed ionization parameters and reorganisation energies distinguished between the p-type and n-type semiconducting natures of the unsubstituted aNDT molecule and those with the -C2H5, -OCH3, -NO2, and -CN substituents. However, the aNDT molecule with C2H5 as a substitution showed p-type behaviour since it had the largest electron reorganisation energy of about 0.37 eV. The ambipolar semiconducting property of methoxy [-OCH3-] substituted aNDT molecule was revealed from the RMSD value of 0.03 Å for both positive and negative charges with respect to neutral geometry. The absorption spectra differ significantly from those of unsubstituted aNDT, which reveals the impact of functional group substitution that changes the energy level of the molecules. The maximum absorption (λmax) and oscillator strength (f) at the excited states in vacuum was investigated using time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The aNDT with electron withdrawing group [-NO2] substitution has a maximum absorption wavelength of 408 nm. Studying the intermolecular interactions between aNDT molecules was also accomplished with the help of Hirshfeld surface analysis. The current work provides insight into the development of novel organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Jothi
- Department of Physics, Kandaswami Kandar’s College, Velur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A. David Stephen
- Department of Physics, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K. Selvaraju
- Department of Physics, Kandaswami Kandar’s College, Velur, Tamilnadu, India
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Kumar K, Rajathi S, Charles Vincent V, Sangeetha R, Bakiyaraj G, Kirubavathi K, Manivannan D, Selvaraju K, Vinitha G. Crystal growth, physico-chemical and quantum chemical investigations on Butyl para-hydroxybenzoate single crystals for optical applications. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rajintraprasat H, Nathan T, Shi S, Selvaraju K, Sanmuggam S, Chinni V. Identification of Novel Non-Protein Coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in Staphylococcus haemolyticus Biofilm. Int J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Charles Vincent V, Kirubavathi K, Bakiyaraj G, Selvaraju K. Experimental and theoretical investigations of 4-hydroxy L-proline cadmium chloride nonlinear optical crystal. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 212:61-70. [PMID: 30597435 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The solution grown structure 4-hydroxy L-proline cadmium chloride (4HLPCC) single crystal has been done by means of X-ray diffraction method. The computational quantum mechanical modelling method was performed with B3LYP level and LanL2DZ basis set to determine optimized geometry, dipolar moment, linear polarizability, first order hyperpolarizability, atomic charges of various atoms, thermodynamic parameters, HOMO-LUMO energy gap and vibrational frequencies of 4HLPCC. The vibrational frequencies of 4HLPCC were observed experimentally through FTIR and FT-RAMAN analyses and compared with theoretical frequencies. The electric properties were detected by dielectric studies. The frequency doubling of the grown crystal was made with Kurtz-Perry powder technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Charles Vincent
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Ariyalur 621713, India
| | - K Kirubavathi
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Ariyalur 621713, India
| | - G Bakiyaraj
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (formerly known as SRM University), Kattankulathur, 603203, India
| | - K Selvaraju
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Ariyalur 621713, India.
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Manivannan D, Kirubavathi K, Bakiyaraj G, Selvaraju K. Studies on L-cystine hydrobromide single crystals for nonlinear optical applications. Journal of Taibah University for Science 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2018.1451104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Manivannan
- Department of Physics, Erode Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Erode, India
| | - K. Kirubavathi
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Ariyalur, India
| | - G. Bakiyaraj
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India
| | - K. Selvaraju
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Ariyalur, India
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Rajathi S, Kirubavathi K, Selvaraju K. Structural, morphological, optical, and photoluminescence properties of nanocrystalline PbS thin films grown by chemical bath deposition. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Lu YW, Acoba MG, Selvaraju K, Huang TC, Nirujogi RS, Sathe G, Pandey A, Claypool SM. Human adenine nucleotide translocases physically and functionally interact with respirasomes. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1489-1506. [PMID: 28404750 PMCID: PMC5449148 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A network of interactions for human adenine nucleotide translocases, required for oxidative phosphorylation, is reported. Of particular interest is an evolutionarily conserved and functionally important association with respiratory supercomplexes, which is surprising because the respirasomes of yeast and mammals are different. Members of the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) family exchange ADP for ATP across the mitochondrial inner membrane, an activity that is essential for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mutations in or dysregulation of ANTs is associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia, cardiomyopathy, nonsyndromic intellectual disability, apoptosis, and the Warburg effect. Binding partners of human ANTs have not been systematically identified. The absence of such information has prevented a detailed molecular understanding of the assorted ANT-associated diseases, including insight into their disparate phenotypic manifestations. To fill this void, in this study, we define the interactomes of two human ANT isoforms. Analogous to its yeast counterpart, human ANTs associate with heterologous partner proteins, including the respiratory supercomplex (RSC) and other solute carriers. The evolutionarily conserved ANT–RSC association is particularly noteworthy because the composition, and thereby organization, of RSCs in yeast and human is different. Surprisingly, absence of the major ANT isoform only modestly impairs OXPHOS in HEK293 cells, indicating that the low levels of other isoforms provide functional redundancy. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of OXPHOS expression and function inhibits ANT-dependent ADP/ATP exchange. Thus ANTs and the OXPHOS machinery physically interact and functionally cooperate to enhance ANT transport capacity and mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Lu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185
| | - Michelle Grace Acoba
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185
| | - Kandasamy Selvaraju
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185
| | - Tai-Chung Huang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Departments of Biological Chemistry, Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Raja S Nirujogi
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Departments of Biological Chemistry, Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185
| | - Gajanan Sathe
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Departments of Biological Chemistry, Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Departments of Biological Chemistry, Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185
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Selvaraju K, Gowsalya R, Vijayakumar R, Nachiappan V. MGL2/YMR210w encodes a monoacylglycerol lipase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1174-86. [PMID: 26991558 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In silico analysis of the uncharacterized open reading frame YMR210w in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that it possesses both an α/β hydrolase domain (ABHD) and a typical lipase (GXSXG) motif. The purified protein displayed monoacylglycerol (MAG) lipase activity and preferred palmitoyl-MAG. Overexpression of YMR210w in the known MAG lipase mutant yju3Δ clearly revealed that the protein had MAG lipase activity, hence we named the ORF MGL2. Overexpression of YMR210w decreased the cellular triacylglycerol levels. Analysis of the overexpressed strains showed reduction in the lipid droplets number and size. Phenotype studies revealed that the double deletion yju3Δmgl2Δ displayed a growth defect that was partially restored by MGL2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Selvaraju
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramachandran Gowsalya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Vijayakumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasanthi Nachiappan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Vishnu Varthini L, Selvaraju K, Srinivasan M, Nachiappan V. ROG1 encodes a monoacylglycerol lipase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 2014; 589:23-30. [PMID: 25433290 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is extensively studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we report that revertant of glycogen synthase kinase mutation-1 (Rog1p) possesses monoacylglycerol (MAG) lipase activity in S. cerevisiae. The lipase activity of Rog1p was confirmed in two ways: through analysis of a strain with a double deletion of ROG1 and monoglyceride lipase YJU3 (yju3Δrog1Δ) and by site-directed mutagenesis of the ROG1 lipase motif (GXSXG). Rog1p is localized in both the cytosol and the nucleus. Overexpression of ROG1 in a ROG1-deficient strain resulted in an accumulation of reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that Rog1p is a MAG lipase that regulates lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kandasamy Selvaraju
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Malathi Srinivasan
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Lipidomics Center, Allalasandra, GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasanthi Nachiappan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Selvaraju K, Rajakumar S, Nachiappan V. Identification of a phospholipase B encoded by the LPL1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1842:1383-92. [PMID: 25014274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids also play a major role in maintaining the lipid droplet (LD) morphology. In our current study, deletion of LPL1 resulted in altered morphology of LDs and was confirmed by microscopic analysis. LPL1/YOR059c contains lipase specific motif GXSXG and acetate labeling in the LPL1 overexpressed strains depicted a decrease in glycerophospholipids and an increase in free fatty acids. The purified Lpl1p showed phospholipase activity with broader substrate specificity, acting on all glycerophospholipids primarily at sn-2 position and later at sn-1 position. Localization studies precisely revealed that Lpl1 is exclusively localized in the LD at the stationary phase. Site directed mutagenesis experiments clearly demonstrated that the lipase motif is vital for the phospholipase activity. In summary, our results demonstrate that yeast Lpl1 exerts phospholipase activity, plays a vital role in LD morphology, and its absence results in altered LD size. Based on the localization and enzyme activity we renamed YOR059c as LPL1 (LD phospholipase 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Selvaraju
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Rajakumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vasanthi Nachiappan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamilnadu, India.
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Selvaraju K, Kirubavathi K. Synthesis, growth and characterization of a nonlinear optical crystal: Bis l-proline hydrogen nitrate. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 115:537-543. [PMID: 23872013 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The single crystals of bis l-proline hydrogen nitrate (BLPHN) belonging to non-centrosymmetric space group were successfully grown by the slow evaporation solution growth technique. The BLPHN crystals of size 10×7×3mm(3) were obtained in 35days. Initially, the solubility tests were carried out for two solvents such as deionized water and mixed of deionized water-acetone. Among the two solvents, the solubility of BLPHN was found to be the highest in deionized water, so crystallization of BLPHN was done from its aqueous solution. As grown, crystals were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies and optical transmission spectral studies. Infrared spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis measurements were performed to study the molecular vibration and thermal behavior of the grown BLPHN crystals. Nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of BLPHN crystal was studied by Kurtz and Perry powder method.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Selvaraju
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Ariyalur 621 713, Tamilnadu, India.
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Manimekalai A, Maruthavanan T, Selvaraju K. DFT and experimental prediction of negative chemical shifts of methyl protons in some piperidines. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2012; 97:942-947. [PMID: 22925971 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The high resolution (1)H NMR spectra of four 3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidines 1-4 have been recorded in CDCl(3), C(6)D(6), and (CD(3))(2)CO and analysed. These compounds exist in chair conformation with axial orientation of hydroxyl group at C(4) and equatorial orientation of the remaining substituents. The chemical shifts of methyl protons of ethyl group are quiet novel and surprising and are closer to TMS in CDCl(3) and somewhat higher in C(6)D(6). Changing the solvent from CDCl(3) to (CD(3))(2)CO alters the chemical shifts of these protons and they are very closer to TMS (0.01 ppm) in 3-4 and negative in 2 i.e., less than zero. The results are interpreted in terms of the magnetic anisotropic effect of the phenyl rings at C(2) and C(4) which in turn depends on the conformations of the ethyl group at C(3) and hydroxyl group at C(4). DFT studies were also performed to predict the favoured conformations of ethyl group at C(3) and hydroxyl group at C(4). Chemical shifts were also computed theoretically in the favoured conformation and they also support negative chemical shifts of 2 in acetone-d(6).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Manimekalai
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu 608 002, India.
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Selvaraju K, Jothi M, Kumaradhas P. Exploring the charge density distribution and the electrical characteristics of Oligo phenylene ethylene molecular nanowire using quantum chemical and charge density analysis. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Selvaraju K, Jothi M, Kumaradhas P. Understanding the charge density distribution and the electrostatic properties of hexadecane molecular nanowire under electric field using DFT and AIM theory. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ashokkumar N, Pari L, Manimekalai A, Selvaraju K. Effect of N-benzoyl-d-phenylalanine on streptozotocin-induced changes in the lipid and lipoprotein profile in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 57:359-66. [PMID: 15807992 DOI: 10.1211/0022357055650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of N-benzoyl-d-phenylalanine (NBDP) and metformin combination treatment on circulatory lipids, lipoproteins and lipid peroxidation markers were studied in neonatal streptozotocin (nSTZ) non-insulin dependent diabetic rats. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was induced by a single dose injection of streptozotocin (100 mg kg−1, i.p.) to two-day-old rats. After 10–12 weeks, rats weighing above 150g were selected for screening for the NIDDM model. The rats were checked for fasting blood glucose levels to confirm the status of NIDDM. NBDP (50,100 or 200 mg kg−1) was administered orally for six weeks to the confirmed diabetic rats (to evaluate the effective dose). The levels of serum lipids and lipid peroxidation markers were significantly increased, whilst the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was significantly decreased in nSTZ diabetic rats. NBDP and metformin were able to restore the altered serum lipids, lipoproteins, lipid peroxidation marker levels and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity to almost control levels. The results showed the antihyperlipidaemic properties of NBDP and metformin in addition to its antidiabetic action. Combination treatment was more effective then either drug alone. The results indicated that the coadministration of NBDP with metformin to nSTZ diabetic rats normalized blood glucose and caused marked improvement in altered serum lipids, lipoproteins and lipid peroxidation markers during diabetes. The data indicated that NBDP represented an effective antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidaemic adjunct for the treatment of diabetes, and may be a potential source of new orally active agents for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ashokkumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608 002, India
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Selvaraju K, Kirubavathi K, Kumararaman S. Growth, structural, spectroscopic and optical studies of pure and amino acid (glycine) doped methyl-para-hydroxy benzoate single crystals. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2009; 72:687-690. [PMID: 19157962 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Methyl-para-hydroxy benzoate is a potential organic nonlinear optical (NLO) material. The pure and amino acid (glycine) doped MHB crystals are grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of both pure and amino acid doped samples are carried out and the results are compared. FTIR studies are performed to identify the presence of various functional groups in the grown crystal. The UV-vis spectra confirm the improvement in the transparency of these crystals on doping amino acid. The amino acid doping improves the NLO properties. The dopant increases the hardness value of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Selvaraju
- Department of Physics, Thanthai Hans Roever College, Perambalur, Tamilnadu, India.
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Kirubavathi K, Selvaraju K, Vijayan N, Kumararaman S. Synthesis growth and characterization of L-Valinium Picrate a new nonlinear optical crystal. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2008; 71:288-291. [PMID: 18396095 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
New nonlinear optical (NLO) single crystal of L-Valinium Picrate (LVP) was grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature. The cell parameters of the grown crystal were estimated by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The presence of functional groups was identified from Fourier transform infrared spectrum. The transmission and absorption spectra of this crystal show that the lower cut-off wavelength lies at 380 nm. Thermal analysis was performed to study the thermal stability of the grown crystal. The powder second harmonic generation efficiency of the grown crystal measured by Kurtz technique is 2 times efficient of Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kirubavathi
- Department of Physics, Thanthai Hans Roever College, Perambalur 621212, India
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Kirubavathi K, Selvaraju K, Kumararaman S. Growth and characterization of a new metal-organic nonlinear optical bis (thiourea) cadmium zinc chloride single crystals. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2008; 71:1-4. [PMID: 18602336 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 05/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new semiorganic nonlinear optical bis (thiourea) cadmium zinc chloride (BTCZC) crystal has been synthesized. BTCZC single crystals were grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. The solubility of BTCZC has been determined for various temperatures. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) study has been carried out to identify the lattice parameters. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies confirm the various functional groups present in the grown crystal. The transmission and absorption spectra of this crystal show that the lower cut off wavelength lies at 260 nm. The thermal analyses confirmed that the crystal is stable up to 201 degrees C. The nonlinear optical (NLO) property of the grown crystal has been confirmed by Kurtz-powder second harmonic generation (SHG) test.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kirubavathi
- Department of Physics, Thanthai Hans Roever College, Perambalur 621212, Tamilnadu, India
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Kirubavathi K, Selvaraju K, Valluvan R, Vijayan N, Kumararaman S. Synthesis, growth, structural, spectroscopic and optical studies of a new semiorganic nonlinear optical crystal: L-valine hydrochloride. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2008; 69:1283-6. [PMID: 17870657 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Revised: 07/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Single crystals of a new semiorganic nonlinear optical (NLO) material, L-valine hydrochloride (LVHCl), having dimensions up to 20 mm x 6 mm x 4 mm have been grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies confirm that the grown crystal belongs to the monoclinic system. The functional groups presented in the crystal were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique. Optical transmission spectrum shows very low absorption in the entire visible region. Differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses confirmed that the crystal is stable up to 211 degrees C. The powder second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of LVHCl is 1.7 times efficient as potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kirubavathi
- Department of Physics, Thanthai Hans Roever College, Perambalur 621212, India
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Manimekalai A, Maruthavanan T, Selvaraju K. Unexpected shielding of methyl group protons in some piperidines. Magn Reson Chem 2008; 46:256-260. [PMID: 18236440 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
High resolution 1H and 13C NMR spectra of four 3-ethyl-4-hydroxy- 4-phenylpiperidines 1-4 have been recorded in CDCl3 and analysed. The conformations of phenyl and hydroxyl groups at C(4) and ethyl group at C(3) were analysed in detail. The chemical shift of the methyl protons in the ethyl group are quite surprising; they are close to TMS in CDCl(3) and even negative in DMSO-d6. These results are interpreted in terms of the magnetic anisotropy of the phenyl rings at C(2) and C(4) which, in turn, depend on the conformations of the ethyl group at C(3) and the hydroxyl group at C(4). Favoured conformations of ethyl group at C(3) and hydroxyl group at C(4) were calculated by AM1 methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Manimekalai
- Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, India.
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Sinha S, Balasaraswathi R, Selvaraju K, Shanmugasundaram P. Molecular and biochemical markers associated with leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis G.) resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian J Biochem Biophys 2005; 42:228-232. [PMID: 23923546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Association of molecular markers namely isozymes and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and various biochemical markers to leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis G., a predominant insect pest of rice) resistance were studied in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of F8 generation obtained by crossing IR36 (susceptible parent) and TNAULFR831311 (moderately resistant parent) were used in this study. Soluble protein content, protein profile, and peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activities were the various biochemical markers studied. Decrease in soluble leaf protein content was observed in all lines, due to insect infestation. Protein profiling revealed an enhanced expression of a high molecular mass (> 97 kDa) protein in all the infested lines. Besides, there was an increased induction of a 38 kDa protein in infested resistant parent and resistant RILs. A significant increase in peroxidase and PAL activities was observed after infestation. In peroxidase isozyme analysis, carried out after infestation, "isoform 1" was found to be more prominent in the susceptible lines and "isoform 2" in the resistant lines. Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) with twenty-five rice microsatellites (RM) resulted in identification of three polymorphic markers between bulks RM11 and RM432 located on chromosome 7 and RM271 on chromosome 10 of rice. These markers may be associated with leaffolder resistance in rice and can be used in marker-assisted selection for leaffolder resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Sinha
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CPMB, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003
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