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Gupta N, Gupta G, Razdan K, Albekairi NA, Alshammari A, Singh D. Development of nanoemulgel of 5-Fluorouracil for skin melanoma using glycyrrhizin as a penetration enhancer. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101999. [PMID: 38454919 PMCID: PMC10918269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to enhance the topical delivery of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a cancer treatment, by developing a nanoemulgel formulation. Glycyrrhizin (GLY), a natural penetration enhancer has been investigated to exhibit synergistic effects with 5-FU in inhibiting melanoma cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, Hence, GLY, along with suitable lipids was utilized to create an optimized nanoemulsion (NE) based gel. Solubility studies and ternary phase diagram revealed isopropyl myristate (IPM), Span 80, Tween 80 as Smix and Transcutol P as co-surfactant. IPM demonstrates excellent solubilizing properties facilitates higher drug loading, ensuring efficient delivery to the target site.,The optimized formulation consisting of 40 % IPM, 30 % of mixture of Tween80: Span80 (Smix) and 15 % Transcutol P provides with a nanometric size of 64.1 ± 5.13 nm and drug loading of 97.3 ± 5.83 %. The optimized formulation observed with no creaming and breakeing of NE and found thermodynamically stable during different stress conditions (temperatures of 4.0 °C and 45.0 °C) and physical thawing (-21.0 ± 0.50 °C to 20.0 ± 0.50 °C). The NE was then transformed into a nanoemulgel (NEG) using 1.5 % w/w Carbopol base and 0.1 % w/w glycyrrhizin. The ex vivo permeability studies showed significant enhancements in drug permeability with the GLY-based 5-FU-NEG formulation compared to pure 5-FU gel in excised pig skin upto1440 min in PBS 7.4 as receptor media. The IC50 values for Plain 5-FU gel, 5-FU-NEG, and GLY-based 5-FU-NEG were found to be 20 µg/mL, 1.1 µg/mL, and 0.1 µg/mL, respectively in B16F10 cell lines. The percentage intracellular uptake of GLY-5-FU-NEG and 5-FU-NEG was found to be 44.3 % and 53.6 %, respectively. GLY-based 5-FU-NEG formulation showed alterations in cell cycle distribution, in compared to 5-FU-NE gel. The overall findings suggest that the GLY-based 5-FU-NEG holds promise for improving anti-melanoma activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimish Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - G.D. Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Karan Razdan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Norah A. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan (140413), Mohali, India
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Saini H, Rapolu Y, Razdan K, Nirmala, Sinha VR. Spanlastics: a novel elastic drug delivery system with potential applications via multifarious routes of administration. J Drug Target 2023; 31:999-1012. [PMID: 37926975 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2274805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDS) based on nanocarriers are designed to transport therapeutic agents to specific areas of the body where they are required to exhibit pharmacodynamic effect. These agents rely on an appropriate carrier to protect them from rapid degradation or clearance and enhance their concentration in target tissues. Spanlastics, an elastic, deformable surfactant-based nanovesicles have the potential to be used as a drug delivery vehicle for wide array of drug molecules. Spanlastics are formed by the self-association of non-ionic surfactants and edge activators in an aqueous phase and have gained attention as promising drug carriers due to their biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-immunogenic structure. In recent years, numerous scientific journals have published research articles exploring the potential of spanlastics to serve as a DDS for various types of drugs as they offer targeted delivery and regulated release of the drugs. Following brief introduction to spanlastics, their structure and methods of preparation, this review focuses on the delivery of various drugs using spanlastics as a carrier via various routes viz. topical, transdermal, ototopical, ocular, oral and nasal. Work carried out by various researchers by employing spanlastics as a carrier for enhancing therapeutic activity of different moieties has been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Saini
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rayat Bahra University, Mohali, India
| | - Yugendhar Rapolu
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Karan Razdan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nirmala
- University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rayat Bahra University, Mohali, India
| | - Vivek Ranjan Sinha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Razdan K, Kanta S, Chaudhary E, Kumari S, Rahi DK, Yadav AK, Sinha VR. Levofloxacin loaded clove oil nanoscale emulgel promotes wound healing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infected burn wound in mice. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113113. [PMID: 36566688 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their tolerance to antibiotics, bacterial biofilms continue to pose a threat to mankind and are leading cause for non-healing of burn wounds. Within the biofilm matrix, antibiotics become functionally inactive due to restricted penetration and enzymatic degradation leading to rise of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of present investigation was to develop and characterize levofloxacin (LFX) loaded clove oil nanoscale emulgel (LFX-NE gel) and evaluate its in vivo therapeutic efficacy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infected burn wound in mice. The optimized emulgel was found to possess good texture profile and showed shear thinning behavior. In vitro release study demonstrated complete drug release in 8 h and emulgel was found to be stable for 3 months at 25 °C and 40 °C. In vivo study revealed biofilm dispersal, complete wound closure, re-epithelialization and collagen deposition by LFX-NE gel in comparison to various control groups. LFX-NE gel was able to clear the infection within 7 days of treatment and promote wound healing as well. Therefore, administration of LFX-incorporated NE gel could be a beneficial treatment strategy for P. aeruginosa biofilm-infected burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Razdan
- Pharmaceutics Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shashi Kanta
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ekta Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Seema Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Rahi
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Pharmaceutics Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivek Ranjan Sinha
- Pharmaceutics Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Razdan K, Garcia-Lara J, Sinha VR, Singh KK. Pharmaceutical strategies for the treatment of bacterial biofilms in chronic wounds. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2137-2150. [PMID: 35489675 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are sessile communities of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, that grow on biotic and abiotic surfaces. These microorganisms are embedded within an extracellular polymeric substance that provides enhanced protection from antimicrobials. Chronic wounds provide an ideal habitat for biofilm formation. Bacteria can easily attach to wound debris and can infect the wound due to an impaired host immune response. This review highlights the mechanism of biofilm formation and the role of biofilms in the pathophysiology of chronic wounds. Our major focus is on various formulation strategies and delivery systems that are employed to eradicate or disperse biofilms, thereby effectively managing acute and chronic wounds. We also discuss clinical research that has studied or is studying the treatment of biofilm-infected chronic wounds. Teaser: Innovative pharmaceutical strategies such as hydrogels, nanofibers, films and various nanoscale materials can provide promising approaches for the treatment of biofilm-mediated chronic wound infections, offering the potential to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Razdan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; Pharmaceutics Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jorge Garcia-Lara
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; UCLan Research Centre for Translational Biosciences and Behavior, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - V R Sinha
- Pharmaceutics Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Kamalinder K Singh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; UCLan Research Centre for Translational Biosciences and Behavior, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
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Singh D, Mahajan S, Singh G, Razdan K. Applications of Molecular Dynamic Simulations in Lipid-Based Drug Delivery System. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2020; 18:269-273. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2020.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sundar Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Karan Razdan
- Pharmaceutics Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Goel H, Razdan K, Singla R, Talegaonkar S, Khurana RK, Tiwary AK, Sinha VR, Singh KK. Engineered Site-specific Vesicular Systems for Colonic Delivery: Trends and Implications. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:5441-5455. [PMID: 32787754 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200813132301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Steering drug-loaded, site-specific, coated lipid vesicles to the target receptor sites have the potential of plummeting adverse effects and improving the pharmacological response in diverse pathologies of the large bowel, especially the colon. Colonic delivery via oral route has its own challenges, often governed by several glitches such as drug degradation or absorption in the upper GIT, instability of proteins/peptides due to high molecular weight, and peptidase activity in the stomach. Consequently, colon-specific coated liposomal systems (CSLS) offer a potential alternate for not only site-specificity, but protection from proteolytic activity, and prolonged residence time for greater systemic bioavailability. On the other hand, liposomal delivery via the oral route is also cumbersome owing to several barriers such as instability in GIT, difficulty in crossing membranes, and issues related to production at the pilot scale. New advancements in the field of CSLS have successfully improved the stability and permeability of liposomes for oral delivery via modulating the compositions of lipid bilayers, adding polymers or ligands. Despite this ostensible propitiousness, no commercial oral CSLS has advanced from bench to bedside for targeted delivery to the colon as yet. Nevertheless, CSLS has quite fascinated the manufacturers owing to its potential industrial viability, simplistic and low-cost design. Hence, this review aims to decipher the convolutions involved in the engineering process of industrially viable CSLS for colonic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honey Goel
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, India
| | - Karan Razdan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Richu Singla
- Department of Microbiology, Viral Research Diagnostics Laboratory (VRDL), Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, India
| | | | - Rajneet Kaur Khurana
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Vivek Ranjan Sinha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kamalinder K Singh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
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Razdan K, Singh K, Singh D. Vitamin D Levels and COVID-19 Susceptibility: Is there any Correlation? Med Drug Discov 2020; 7:100051. [PMID: 32835212 PMCID: PMC7266578 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a major pandemic and now a leading cause of death worldwide. Currently, no drugs/vaccine is available for the treatment of this disease. Future preventions and social distancing are the only ways to prevent this disease from community transmission. Vitamin D is an important micronutrient and has been reported to improve immunity and protect against respiratory illness. This short review highlights the important scientific link between Vitamin D levels and susceptibility to COVID-19 in patients. This review also discusses recommendations for Vitamin D dose required for healthy as well as COVID-19 susceptible patients for protection and prevention. COVID-19 is a pandemic outbreak affecting people globally. Vitamin D supplementation could increase the immunity and decrease the COVID-19 susceptibility The mechanisms linking Vitamin D levels and immune system have been described in this review
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Razdan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Sharma R, Razdan K, Bansal Y, Kuhad A. Rollercoaster ride of kynurenines: steering the wheel towards neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:849-867. [PMID: 30223691 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1524877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with cerebral cognitive deficits exhibiting two cardinal hallmarks: accruement of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The currently accessible therapeutic armamentarium merely provides symptomatic relief. Therefore, the cry for prospective neuroprotective strategies seems to be the need of the hour. Areas covered: This review comprehensively establishes correlation between kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites and AD with major emphasis on its two functionally contrasting neuroactive metabolites i.e. kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) and enlists various clinical studies which hold a potential for future therapeutics in AD. Also, major hypotheses of AD and mechanisms underlying them have been scrutinized with the aim to brush up the readers with basic pathology of AD. Expert opinion: KP is unique in itself as it holds two completely different domains i.e. neurotoxic QUIN and neuroprotective KYNA and disrupted equilibrium between the two has a hand in neurodegeneration. KYNA has long been demonstrated to be neuroprotective but lately being disparaged for cognitive side effects. But we blaze a trail by amalgamating the pharmacological mechanistic studies of KYNA in kinship with α7nAChRs, NMDARs and GABA which lends aid in favour of KA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Sharma
- a Pharmacology Research Laboratory , University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Karan Razdan
- b Pharmaceutics division , University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Yashika Bansal
- a Pharmacology Research Laboratory , University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- a Pharmacology Research Laboratory , University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
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Abstract
Oligoscreening of a cDNA library obtained from 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells resulted in the isolation of a novel clone coding for a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 8110 Da. This protein of 71 amino acids shows significant homology to the carboxyl-terminal regulatory domain of angiotensin II type 1 receptors. The homology encompasses four regions of amino acid residues thought to serve as consensus sequences for phosphorylation by serine/threonine kinases such as protein kinase C, which are key mediators of intracellular signaling. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction identified the transcript in human platelets, human megakaryocytic DAMI cells, and HEL cells. High stringency Northern blotting revealed a tissue-specific distribution of three transcript species, with predominant expression in skeletal muscle and pancreas. Rabbit anti-peptide antiserum was used to immunoblot protein lysates from washed resting platelets and from 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated DAMI and HEL cells. These immunoblots revealed the presence of an intense approximately 8-kDa protein band in platelets and HEL cells and a faint band of identical size in DAMI cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Razdan
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Razdan K, Hellums JD, Kroll MH. Shear-stress-induced von Willebrand factor binding to platelets causes the activation of tyrosine kinase(s). Biochem J 1994; 302 ( Pt 3):681-6. [PMID: 7524475 PMCID: PMC1137285 DOI: 10.1042/bj3020681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pathological arterial blood flow generates fluid shear stresses that directly cause platelet aggregation. The mechanism of shear-induced platelet aggregation is incompletely understood, but involves von Willebrand factor (vWF) binding to platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib and GP IIb-IIIa, leading to the transmembrane influx of Ca2+ and the activation of protein kinase C. To investigate this further, shear-stress-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP) of washed platelets was studied in a cone-plate viscometer. A time- and shear-stress-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of substrates with approx. M(r) 29,000-31,000, 36,000, 50,000, 58,000, 64,000, 76,000, 85,000 and 105,000 was observed. PTP in response to a threshold shear stress of 0.3 mN/cm2 (30 dyn/cm2) was enhanced in most cases by exogenous purified human vWF, and PTP in response to a pathological shear stress of 0.9 mN/cm2 (90 dyn/cm2) was inhibited in some cases by inhibiting vWF binding to GP Ib or GP IIb-IIIa, or by inhibiting Ca2+ responses with extracellular EGTA. Shear-induced PTP of a substrate of M(r) approximately 31,000 appeared to be independent of GP Ib, and PTP of a substrate(s) of M(r) approximately 29,000 was shear-stress-dependent but independent of extracellular Ca2+. Cytochalasin D, which inhibits GP Ib-cytoskeleton interactions, inhibits the PTP of a substrate of M(r) approximately 76,000. These results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation may be involved in transmembrane signalling that mediates platelet adhesion and aggregation in response to pathological shear stresses generated at sites of arterial vaso-occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Razdan
- Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
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Kroll MH, Hellums JD, Guo Z, Durante W, Razdan K, Hrbolich JK, Schafer AI. Protein kinase C is activated in platelets subjected to pathological shear stress. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:3520-4. [PMID: 8429027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High levels of fluid shear stress at the blood vessel wall directly stimulate von Willebrand factor (vWF)-mediated platelet adhesion and aggregation and thereby contribute to the pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis. We have found that a pathological level of arterial wall shear stress (90 dynes/cm2) induces platelet aggregation that is associated with the phosphorylation of pleckstrin, a M(r) 47,000 protein kinase C substrate (p47). Shear-induced p47 phosphorylation depends entirely on vWF binding to platelet glycoprotein (Gp) Ib and GpIIb-IIIa, and the specific inhibition of protein kinase C with the staurosporine analogue Ro 31-7549 inhibits the full aggregation response to shear. Shear stress-induced platelet p47 phosphorylation occurs independent of any measurable change in diacylglycerol mass or hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. These results indicate that mechanical shear stress induces vWF to bind to platelet GpIb and GpIIb-IIIa, stimulating a diacylglycerol-independent pathway of protein kinase C activation that contributes to platelet aggregation in response to shear.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Kroll
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77001
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Kroll M, Hellums J, Guo Z, Durante W, Razdan K, Hrbolich J, Schafer A. Protein kinase C is activated in platelets subjected to pathological shear stress. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Razdan K, Heinrikson RL, Zurcher-Neely H, Morris PW, Anderson LE. Chloroplast and cytoplasmic enzymes: isolation and sequencing of cDNAs coding for two distinct pea chloroplast aldolases. Arch Biochem Biophys 1992; 298:192-7. [PMID: 1524427 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90112-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two cDNAs which correspond to two very similar Class I aldolases have been isolated from a pea (Pisum sativum L.) cDNA library. With the exception of one codon they match the experimentally determined N-terminal sequence of a pea chloroplast aldolase. The deduced C-terminal sequence of one of these clones is unique among Class I aldolases. The deduced C-terminus of the other is more like the C-terminus of other eucaryotic Class I aldolases. Comparisons of sequence homology suggest that the pea chloroplast isozymes are only marginally more closely related to the anaerobically induced plant aldolases than to aldolases from animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Razdan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago 60680
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Singh M, Razdan K, Ghai OP. Modified scoring system for clinical assessment of gestational age in the newborn. Indian Pediatr 1975; 12:311-6. [PMID: 1158500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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