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Munck A, Southern KW, Murphy J, de Winter-de Groot KM, Gartner S, Karadag B, Kashirskaya N, Linnane B, Proesmans M, Sands D, Sommerburg O, Castellani C, Barben J. Cystic Fibrosis Cases Missed by Newborn Bloodspot Screening-Towards a Consistent Definition and Data Acquisition. Int J Neonatal Screen 2023; 9:65. [PMID: 38132824 PMCID: PMC10743499 DOI: 10.3390/ijns9040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated European surveys of newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) have shown varied strategies for collecting missed cases, and information on data collection differs among countries/regions, hampering data comparison. The ECFS Neonatal Screening Working Group defined missed cases by NBS as either false negatives, protocol-related, concerning analytical issues, or non-protocol-related, concerning pre- and post-analytical issues. A questionnaire has been designed and sent to all key workers identified in each NBS programme to assess the feasibility of collecting data on missed cases, the stage of the NBS programme when the system failed, and individual patient data on each missed case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Munck
- Hospital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, CF Centre, University Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Kevin W. Southern
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (K.W.S.)
| | - Jared Murphy
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (K.W.S.)
| | - Karin M. de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology & Allergology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Silvia Gartner
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Bülent Karadag
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Marmara University, 34890 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Nataliya Kashirskaya
- Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow 115522, Russia;
| | - Barry Linnane
- School of Medicine and Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (4i), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Marijke Proesmans
- Division of Woman and Child, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Dorota Sands
- Cystic Fibrosis Department, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Olaf Sommerburg
- Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergology & CF Centre, Department of Paediatrics III, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Translational Lung Research Center, German Lung Research Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlo Castellani
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Jürg Barben
- Paediatric Pulmonology & CF Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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2
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Rodenburg LW, Metzemaekers M, van der Windt IS, Smits SMA, den Hertog-Oosterhoff LA, Kruisselbrink E, Brunsveld JE, Michel S, de Winter-de Groot KM, van der Ent CK, Stadhouders R, Beekman JM, Amatngalim GD. Exploring intrinsic variability between cultured nasal and bronchial epithelia in cystic fibrosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18573. [PMID: 37903789 PMCID: PMC10616285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal and bronchial epithelium are unified parts of the respiratory tract that are affected in the monogenic disorder cystic fibrosis (CF). Recent studies have uncovered that nasal and bronchial tissues exhibit intrinsic variability, including differences in mucociliary cell composition and expression of unique transcriptional regulatory proteins which relate to germ layer origin. In the present study, we explored whether intrinsic differences between nasal and bronchial epithelial cells persist in cell cultures and affect epithelial cell functioning in CF. Comparison of air-liquid interface (ALI) differentiated epithelial cells from subjects with CF revealed distinct mucociliary differentiation states of nasal and bronchial cultures. Moreover, using RNA sequencing we identified cell type-specific signature transcription factors in differentiated nasal and bronchial epithelial cells, some of which were already poised for expression in basal progenitor cells as evidenced by ATAC sequencing. Analysis of differentiated nasal and bronchial epithelial 3D organoids revealed distinct capacities for fluid secretion, which was linked to differences in ciliated cell differentiation. In conclusion, we show that unique phenotypical and functional features of nasal and bronchial epithelial cells persist in cell culture models, which can be further used to investigate the effects of tissue-specific features on upper and lower respiratory disease development in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa W Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mieke Metzemaekers
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle S van der Windt
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shannon M A Smits
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Loes A den Hertog-Oosterhoff
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Kruisselbrink
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jesse E Brunsveld
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Michel
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Stadhouders
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Living Technologies, Alliance TU/e, WUR, UU, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gimano D Amatngalim
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Kristensen M, de Koff EM, Chu ML, Groendijk S, Tramper-Stranders GA, de Winter-de Groot KM, Janssens HM, Tiddens HA, van Westreenen M, Sanders EAM, Arets BHGM, van der Ent CK, Prevaes SMPJ, Bogaert D. 16S rRNA-Based Microbiota Profiling Assists Conventional Culture Analysis of Airway Samples from Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0405722. [PMID: 37199622 PMCID: PMC10269535 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04057-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
16S-based sequencing provides broader information on the respiratory microbial community than conventional culturing. However, it (often) lacks species- and strain-level information. To overcome this issue, we used 16S rRNA-based sequencing results from 246 nasopharyngeal samples obtained from 20 infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 43 healthy infants, which were all 0 to 6 months old, and compared them to both standard (blind) diagnostic culturing and a 16S-sequencing-informed "targeted" reculturing approach. Using routine culturing, we almost uniquely detected Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae (42%, 38%, and 33% of samples, respectively). Using the targeted reculturing approach, we were able to reculture 47% of the top-5 operational taxonomical units (OTUs) in the sequencing profiles. In total, we identified 60 species from 30 genera with a median of 3 species per sample (range, 1 to 8). We also identified up to 10 species per identified genus. The success of reculturing the top-5 genera present from the sequencing profile depended on the genus. In the case of Corynebacterium being in the top 5, we recultured them in 79% of samples, whereas for Staphylococcus, this value was only 25%. The success of reculturing was also correlated with the relative abundance of those genera in the corresponding sequencing profile. In conclusion, revisiting samples using 16S-based sequencing profiles to guide a targeted culturing approach led to the detection of more potential pathogens per sample than conventional culturing and may therefore be useful in the identification and, consequently, treatment of bacteria considered relevant for the deterioration or exacerbation of disease in patients like those with CF. IMPORTANCE Early and effective treatment of pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis is vital to prevent chronic lung damage. Although microbial diagnostics and treatment decisions are still based on conventional culture methods, research is gradually focusing more on microbiome and metagenomic-based approaches. This study compared the results of both methods and proposed a way to combine the best of both worlds. Many species can relatively easily be recultured based on the 16S-based sequencing profile, and it provides more in-depth information about the microbial composition of a sample than that obtained through routine (blind) diagnostic culturing. Still, well-known pathogens can be missed by both routine diagnostic culture methods as well as by targeted reculture methods, sometimes even when they are highly abundant, which may be a consequence of either sample storage conditions or antibiotic treatment at the time of sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Kristensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emma M. de Koff
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Mei Ling Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Groendijk
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Karin M. de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hettie M. Janssens
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm A. Tiddens
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille van Westreenen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A. M. Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bert H. G. M. Arets
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K. van der Ent
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine M. P. J. Prevaes
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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4
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Munck A, Berger DO, Southern KW, Carducci C, de Winter-de Groot KM, Gartner S, Kashirskaya N, Linnane B, Proesmans M, Sands D, Sommerburg O, Castellani C, Barben J. European survey of newborn bloodspot screening for CF: opportunity to address challenges and improve performance. J Cyst Fibros 2022:S1569-1993(22)00689-0. [PMID: 36372700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to record the current status of newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) for CF across Europe and assess performance. METHODS Survey of representatives of NBS for CF programmes across Europe. Performance was assessed through a framework developed in a previous exercise. RESULTS In 2022, we identified 22 national and 34 regional programmes in Europe. Barriers to establishing NBS included cost and political inertia. Performance was assessed from 2019 data reported by 21 national and 21 regional programmes. All programmes employed different protocols, with IRT-DNA the most common strategy. Six national and 11 regional programmes did not use DNA analysis. CONCLUSIONS Integrating DNA analysis into the NBS protocol improves PPV, but at the expense of increased carrier and CFSPID recognition. Some programmes employ strategies to mitigate these outcomes. Programmes should constantly strive to improve performance but large datasets are needed to assess outcomes reliably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Munck
- Hospital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, CF centre, Université Paris Descartes, France, and CF referent physician for the French Society of Newborn Screenings
| | - Daria O Berger
- ECFS NSWG Data Manager, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kevin W Southern
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Carducci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome Italy
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology & Allergology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Silvia Gartner
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nataliya Kashirskaya
- Laboratory of genetic epidemiology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics/Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Barry Linnane
- Graduate Entry Medical School and Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (4i), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Marijke Proesmans
- Division of Woman and Child, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dorota Sands
- Cystic Fibrosis Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olaf Sommerburg
- Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergology & CF Centre, Department of Paediatrics III, and Translational Lung Research Center, German Lung Research Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlo Castellani
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jürg Barben
- Paediatric Pulmonology & CF Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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5
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Amatngalim GD, Rodenburg LW, Aalbers BL, Raeven HH, Aarts EM, Sarhane D, Spelier S, Lefferts JW, Silva IA, Nijenhuis W, Vrendenbarg S, Kruisselbrink E, Brunsveld JE, van Drunen CM, Michel S, de Winter-de Groot KM, Heijerman HG, Kapitein LC, Amaral MD, van der Ent CK, Beekman JM. Measuring cystic fibrosis drug responses in organoids derived from 2D differentiated nasal epithelia. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202101320. [PMID: 35922154 PMCID: PMC9351388 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is caused by genetic defects that impair the CFTR channel in airway epithelial cells. These defects may be overcome by specific CFTR modulating drugs, for which the efficacy can be predicted in a personalized manner using 3D nasal-brushing-derived airway organoids in a forskolin-induced swelling assay. Despite of this, previously described CFTR function assays in 3D airway organoids were not fully optimal, because of inefficient organoid differentiation and limited scalability. In this report, we therefore describe an alternative method of culturing nasal-brushing-derived airway organoids, which are created from an equally differentiated airway epithelial monolayer of a 2D air-liquid interface culture. In addition, we have defined organoid culture conditions, with the growth factor/cytokine combination neuregulin-1<i>β</i> and interleukin-1<i>β</i>, which enabled consistent detection of CFTR modulator responses in nasal-airway organoid cultures from subjects with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gimano D Amatngalim
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa W Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bente L Aalbers
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henriette Hm Raeven
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen M Aarts
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dounia Sarhane
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Spelier
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Juliet W Lefferts
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Al Silva
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Wilco Nijenhuis
- Department of Biology, Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Living Technologies, Eindhoven-Wageningen-Utrecht Alliance, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Vrendenbarg
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Kruisselbrink
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jesse E Brunsveld
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis M van Drunen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Michel
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry G Heijerman
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Department of Biology, Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Living Technologies, Eindhoven-Wageningen-Utrecht Alliance, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Magarida D Amaral
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of ERN-LUNG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Living Technologies, Eindhoven-Wageningen-Utrecht Alliance, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Li Y, van Houten CB, Boers SA, Jansen R, Cohen A, Engelhard D, Kraaij R, Hiltemann SD, Ju J, Fernández D, Mankoc C, González E, de Waal WJ, de Winter-de Groot KM, Wolfs TFW, Meijers P, Luijk B, Oosterheert JJ, Sankatsing SUC, Bossink AWJ, Stein M, Klein A, Ashkar J, Bamberger E, Srugo I, Odeh M, Dotan Y, Boico O, Etshtein L, Paz M, Navon R, Friedman T, Simon E, Gottlieb TM, Pri-Or E, Kronenfeld G, Oved K, Eden E, Stubbs AP, Bont LJ, Hays JP. The diagnostic value of nasal microbiota and clinical parameters in a multi-parametric prediction model to differentiate bacterial versus viral infections in lower respiratory tract infections. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267140. [PMID: 35436301 PMCID: PMC9015155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to accurately distinguish bacterial from viral infection would help clinicians better target antimicrobial therapy during suspected lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Although technological developments make it feasible to rapidly generate patient-specific microbiota profiles, evidence is required to show the clinical value of using microbiota data for infection diagnosis. In this study, we investigated whether adding nasal cavity microbiota profiles to readily available clinical information could improve machine learning classifiers to distinguish bacterial from viral infection in patients with LRTI. Results Various multi-parametric Random Forests classifiers were evaluated on the clinical and microbiota data of 293 LRTI patients for their prediction accuracies to differentiate bacterial from viral infection. The most predictive variable was C-reactive protein (CRP). We observed a marginal prediction improvement when 7 most prevalent nasal microbiota genera were added to the CRP model. In contrast, adding three clinical variables, absolute neutrophil count, consolidation on X-ray, and age group to the CRP model significantly improved the prediction. The best model correctly predicted 85% of the ‘bacterial’ patients and 82% of the ‘viral’ patients using 13 clinical and 3 nasal cavity microbiota genera (Staphylococcus, Moraxella, and Streptococcus). Conclusions We developed high-accuracy multi-parametric machine learning classifiers to differentiate bacterial from viral infections in LRTI patients of various ages. We demonstrated the predictive value of four easy-to-collect clinical variables which facilitate personalized and accurate clinical decision-making. We observed that nasal cavity microbiota correlate with the clinical variables and thus may not add significant value to diagnostic algorithms that aim to differentiate bacterial from viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Li
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal B. van Houten
- Division of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan A. Boers
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Dan Engelhard
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Robert Kraaij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia D. Hiltemann
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Ju
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Wouter J. de Waal
- Department of Paediatrics, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M. de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom F. W. Wolfs
- Division of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Meijers
- Department of Paediatrics, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Luijk
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Jelrik Oosterheert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aik W. J. Bossink
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Stein
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Adi Klein
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Jalal Ashkar
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Ellen Bamberger
- MeMed, Tirat Carmel, Israel
- Department of Paediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Isaac Srugo
- Department of Paediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Majed Odeh
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaniv Dotan
- Pulmonary Division, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew P. Stubbs
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis J. Bont
- Division of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John P. Hays
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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7
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Muilwijk D, de Poel E, van Mourik P, Suen SWF, Vonk AM, Brunsveld JE, Kruisselbrink E, Oppelaar H, Hagemeijer MC, Berkers G, de Winter-de Groot KM, Heida-Michel S, Jans SR, van Panhuis H, van der Eerden MM, van der Meer R, Roukema J, Dompeling E, Weersink EJM, Koppelman GH, Vries R, Zomer-van Ommen DD, Eijkemans MJC, van der Ent CK, Beekman JM. Forskolin-induced Organoid Swelling is Associated with Long-term CF Disease Progression. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:13993003.00508-2021. [PMID: 35086832 PMCID: PMC9386333 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00508-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rationale Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic life-shortening disease associated with highly variable individual disease progression which is difficult to predict. Here we assessed the association of forskolin-induced swelling (FIS) of patient-derived organoids with long-term CF disease progression in multiple organs and compared FIS with the golden standard biomarker sweat chloride concentration (SCC). Methods We retrieved 9-year longitudinal clinical data from the Dutch CF Registry of 173 people with mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Individual CFTR function was defined by FIS, measured as the relative size increase of intestinal organoids after stimulation with 0.8 µM forskolin, quantified as area under the curve (AUC). We used linear mixed-effect models and multivariable logistic regression to estimate the association of FIS with long-term forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted (FEV1pp) decline and development of pancreatic insufficiency, CF-related liver disease and diabetes. Within these models, FIS was compared with SCC. Results FIS was strongly associated with longitudinal changes of lung function, with an estimated difference in annual FEV1pp decline of 0.32% (95% CI 0.11–0.54%; p=0.004) per 1000-point change in AUC. Moreover, increasing FIS levels were associated with lower odds of developing pancreatic insufficiency (adjusted OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.07–0.46; p<0.001), CF-related liver disease (adjusted OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.06–0.54; p=0.002) and diabetes (adjusted OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.12–0.97; p=0.044). These associations were absent for SCC. Conclusion This study exemplifies the prognostic value of a patient-derived organoid-based biomarker within a clinical setting, which is especially important for people carrying rare CFTR mutations with unclear clinical consequences. Forskolin-induced swelling of patient-derived intestinal organoids is associated with long-term cystic fibrosis disease progression, expressed as FEV1pp decline and development of pancreatic insufficiency, CF-related liver disease and CF-related diabeteshttps://bit.ly/3tjjJzU
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Affiliation(s)
- Danya Muilwijk
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Eyleen de Poel
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Peter van Mourik
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia W F Suen
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelotte M Vonk
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jesse E Brunsveld
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Kruisselbrink
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Oppelaar
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marne C Hagemeijer
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Current affiliation: Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gitte Berkers
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Heida-Michel
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan R Jans
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah van Panhuis
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Menno M van der Eerden
- Department of Pulmonology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jolt Roukema
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edward Dompeling
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Els J M Weersink
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Vries
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marinus J C Eijkemans
- Department of Data Science and Biostatistics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,These authors contributed equally to this work and are both corresponding authors
| | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands .,Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,These authors contributed equally to this work and are both corresponding authors
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Munck A, Southern KW, Castellani C, de Winter-de Groot KM, Gartner S, Kashirskaya N, Linnane B, Mayell SJ, Proesmans M, Sands D, Sommerburg O, Barben J. Defining key outcomes to evaluate performance of newborn screening programmes for cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 20:820-823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Barry PJ, Mall MA, Álvarez A, Colombo C, de Winter-de Groot KM, Fajac I, McBennett KA, McKone EF, Ramsey BW, Sutharsan S, Taylor-Cousar JL, Tullis E, Ahluwalia N, Jun LS, Moskowitz SM, Prieto-Centurion V, Tian S, Waltz D, Xuan F, Zhang Y, Rowe SM, Polineni D. Triple Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis Phe508del-Gating and -Residual Function Genotypes. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:815-825. [PMID: 34437784 PMCID: PMC8982185 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor is a small-molecule cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator regimen shown to be efficacious in patients with at least one Phe508del allele, which indicates that this combination can modulate a single Phe508del allele. In patients whose other CFTR allele contains a gating or residual function mutation that is already effectively treated with previous CFTR modulators (ivacaftor or tezacaftor-ivacaftor), the potential for additional benefit from restoring Phe508del CFTR protein function is unclear. METHODS We conducted a phase 3, double-blind, randomized, active-controlled trial involving patients 12 years of age or older with cystic fibrosis and Phe508del-gating or Phe508del-residual function genotypes. After a 4-week run-in period with ivacaftor or tezacaftor-ivacaftor, patients were randomly assigned to receive elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor or active control for 8 weeks. The primary end point was the absolute change in the percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) from baseline through week 8 in the elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor group. RESULTS After the run-in period, 132 patients received elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor and 126 received active control. Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor resulted in a percentage of predicted FEV1 that was higher by 3.7 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8 to 4.6) relative to baseline and higher by 3.5 percentage points (95% CI, 2.2 to 4.7) relative to active control and a sweat chloride concentration that was lower by 22.3 mmol per liter (95% CI, 20.2 to 24.5) relative to baseline and lower by 23.1 mmol per liter (95% CI, 20.1 to 26.1) relative to active control (P<0.001 for all comparisons). The change from baseline in the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised respiratory domain score (range, 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better quality of life) with elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor was 10.3 points (95% CI, 8.0 to 12.7) and with active control was 1.6 points (95% CI, -0.8 to 4.1). The incidence of adverse events was similar in the two groups; adverse events led to treatment discontinuation in one patient (elevated aminotransferase level) in the elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor group and in two patients (anxiety or depression and pulmonary exacerbation) in the active control group. CONCLUSIONS Elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor was efficacious and safe in patients with Phe508del-gating or Phe508del-residual function genotypes and conferred additional benefit relative to previous CFTR modulators. (Funded by Vertex Pharmaceuticals; VX18-445-104 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04058353.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Barry
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Marcus A Mall
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Antonio Álvarez
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Carla Colombo
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Isabelle Fajac
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Kimberly A McBennett
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Edward F McKone
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Bonnie W Ramsey
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Sivagurunathan Sutharsan
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Jennifer L Taylor-Cousar
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Elizabeth Tullis
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Neil Ahluwalia
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Lucy S Jun
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Samuel M Moskowitz
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Valentin Prieto-Centurion
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Simon Tian
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - David Waltz
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Fengjuan Xuan
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Steven M Rowe
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
| | - Deepika Polineni
- From Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (P.J.B.); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Health, and the German Center for Lung Research, Berlin (M.A.M.), and the Division of Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen (S.S.) - all in Germany; Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona (A.A.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the University of Milan - both in Milan (C.C.); Wilhelmina Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (K.M.W.-G.); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Centre-Université de Paris Hôpital Cochin AP-HP, Paris (I.F.); Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland (K.A.M.); St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (E.F.M.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (B.W.R.); National Jewish Health, Denver (J.L.T.-C.); St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto (E.T.); Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston (N.A., L.S.J., S.M.M., V.P.-C., S.T., D.W., F.X., Y.Z.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (S.M.R.); and the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (D.P.)
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10
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Kristensen MI, de Winter-de Groot KM, Berkers G, Chu MLJN, Arp K, Ghijsen S, Heijerman HGM, Arets HGM, Majoor CJ, Janssens HM, van der Meer R, Bogaert D, van der Ent CK. Individual and Group Response of Treatment with Ivacaftor on Airway and Gut Microbiota in People with CF and a S1251N Mutation. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050350. [PMID: 33925519 PMCID: PMC8146888 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ivacaftor has been shown to restore the functionality of the S1251N (also known as c.3752G>A) mutated CFTR, which may cause alterations in both airway and gut physiology and micro-environment, resulting in a change of microbiota in these organs. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of ivacaftor on the microbial community composition of both airway and gut in subjects with CF carrying one S1251N mutation, using a 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing approach. In 16 subjects with CF, repetitive samples from airways and gut were collected just before, and 2 months after, and, for 8 patients, also 9 and 12 months after, start of ivacaftor. 16S rRNA based sequencing identified 344 operational taxonomical units (OTUs) in a total of 139 samples (35 nasopharyngeal, 39 oropharyngeal, 29 sputum, and 36 fecal samples). Ivacaftor significantly enhanced bacterial diversity and overall microbiota composition in the gut (p < 0.01). There were no significant changes in the overall microbial composition and alpha diversity in upper and lower airways of these patients after ivacaftor treatment. Treatment with ivacaftor induces changes in gut microbiota whereas airway microbiota do not change significantly over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje I. Kristensen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital—University Medical Center, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.I.K.); (K.M.d.W.-d.G.); (G.B.); (S.G.); (H.G.M.A.); (C.K.v.d.E.)
| | - Karin M. de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital—University Medical Center, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.I.K.); (K.M.d.W.-d.G.); (G.B.); (S.G.); (H.G.M.A.); (C.K.v.d.E.)
| | - Gitte Berkers
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital—University Medical Center, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.I.K.); (K.M.d.W.-d.G.); (G.B.); (S.G.); (H.G.M.A.); (C.K.v.d.E.)
| | - Mei Ling J. N. Chu
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital—University Medical Center, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.L.J.N.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Kayleigh Arp
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital—University Medical Center, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.L.J.N.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Sophie Ghijsen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital—University Medical Center, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.I.K.); (K.M.d.W.-d.G.); (G.B.); (S.G.); (H.G.M.A.); (C.K.v.d.E.)
| | - Harry G. M. Heijerman
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Hubertus G. M. Arets
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital—University Medical Center, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.I.K.); (K.M.d.W.-d.G.); (G.B.); (S.G.); (H.G.M.A.); (C.K.v.d.E.)
| | - Christof J. Majoor
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Hettie M. Janssens
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus Medical Center/Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Renske van der Meer
- Department of Pulmonology, Haga Teaching Hospital, 2545 AA The Hague, The Netherlands;
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital—University Medical Center, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.L.J.N.C.); (K.A.)
- The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Cornelis K. van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital—University Medical Center, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.I.K.); (K.M.d.W.-d.G.); (G.B.); (S.G.); (H.G.M.A.); (C.K.v.d.E.)
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11
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Barben J, Castellani C, Munck A, Davies JC, de Winter-de Groot KM, Gartner S, Kashirskaya N, Linnane B, Mayell SJ, McColley S, Ooi CY, Proesmans M, Ren CL, Salinas D, Sands D, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Sommerburg O, Southern KW. Updated guidance on the management of children with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-related metabolic syndrome/cystic fibrosis screen positive, inconclusive diagnosis (CRMS/CFSPID). J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:810-819. [PMID: 33257262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades there has been considerable progress with the evaluation and management of infants with an inconclusive diagnosis following Newborn Screening (NBS) for cystic Fibrosis (CF). In addition, we have an increasing amount of evidence on which to base guidance on the management of these infants and, importantly, we have a consistent designation being used across the globe of CRMS/CFSPID. There is still work to be undertaken and research questions to answer, but these infants now receive more consistent and appropriate care pathways than previously. It is clear that the majority of these infants remain healthy, do not convert to a diagnosis of CF in childhood, and advice on management should reflect this. However, it is also clear that some will convert to a CF diagnosis and monitoring of these infants should facilitate their early recognition. Those infants that do not convert to a CF diagnosis have some potential of developing a CFTR-RD later in life. At present, it is not possible to quantify this risk, but families need to be provided with clear information of what to look out for. This paper contains a number of changes from previous guidance in light of developing evidence, but the major change is the recommendation of a detailed assessment of the child with CRMS/CFSPID in the sixth year of age, including respiratory function assessment and imaging. With these data, the CF team can discuss future care arrangements with the family and come to a shared decision on the best way forward, which may include discharge to primary care with appropriate information. Information is key for these families, and we recommend consideration of a further appointment when the individual is a young adult to directly communicate the implications of the CRMS/CFSPID designation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürg Barben
- Paediatric Pulmonology & CF Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Carlo Castellani
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Anne Munck
- CF referent physician for the French Society of Newborn Screening, Hopital Necker Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, CF centre, Université Paris Descartes, France
| | - Jane C Davies
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK; Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology & Allergology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Gartner
- Pediatric Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nataliya Kashirskaya
- Laboratory of genetic epidemiology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Barry Linnane
- Graduate Entry Medical School and Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation & Immunity (4i), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sarah J Mayell
- Regional Paediatric CF Centre, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Susanna McColley
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, USA
| | - Chee Y Ooi
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Marijke Proesmans
- Division of Woman and Child, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Clement L Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Danieli Salinas
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Dorota Sands
- Cystic Fibrosis Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades/INSERM U1151, Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie Pédiatriques Centre de Référence Maladies Rares, Mucoviscidose et maladies de CFTR, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades Paris. Université de Paris. ERN Lung, France
| | - Olaf Sommerburg
- Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergology & CF Centre, Department of Paediatrics III, and Translational Lung Research Center, German Lung Research Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin W Southern
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, UK
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12
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Bortoluzzi CF, Pontello E, Pintani E, de Winter-de Groot KM, D'Orazio C, Assael BM, Hunink MM, Tiddens HA, Caudri D, Belessis Y, Bremont F, Bui S, Casciaro R, Cavicchi M, Cox D, Da Dalt L, De Gregorio F, Dubus J, Gartner S, Geerdink M, Hansen C, Honková L, Jenkins L, Jung A, Karpati F, Mainguy C, Möller A, Neri A, Pressler T, Proesmans M, Raia V, Reid A, Rietschel E, Robinson P, Robinson P, Rossi P, Rovira S, Schultz A, Sepe O, Skalická V, Stick S, Švabe V, Tai A, Tosco A, Vazquez C. The impact of chest computed tomography and chest radiography on clinical management of cystic fibrosis lung disease. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19:641-646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Kristensen M, Prevaes SMPJ, Kalkman G, Tramper-Stranders GA, Hasrat R, de Winter-de Groot KM, Janssens HM, Tiddens HA, van Westreenen M, Sanders EAM, Arets B, Keijser B, van der Ent CK, Bogaert D. Development of the gut microbiota in early life: The impact of cystic fibrosis and antibiotic treatment. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19:553-561. [PMID: 32487494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) suffer from pancreatic insufficiency, lipid malabsorption and gastrointestinal complaints, next to progressive pulmonary disease. Altered mucosal homoeostasis due to malfunctioning chloride channels results in an adapted microbial composition of the gastrointestinal and the respiratory tract. Additionally, antibiotic treatment has the potential to distort resident microbial communities dramatically. This study aims to investigate early life development of the gut microbial community composition of children with CF compared to healthy infants and to study the independent effects of antibiotics taking into account other clinical and lifestyle factors. STUDY DESIGN Faecal samples from 20 infants with CF and 45 healthy infants were collected regularly during the first 18 months of life and microbial composition was determined using 16S rRNA based sequencing. RESULTS We observed significant differences in the overall microbiota composition between infants with CF and healthy infants (p<0.001). Akkermansia and Anaerostipes were significantly more abundant in control infants, whereas Streptococci and E. coli were significantly more abundant in infants with CF, also after correction for several clinical factors (p<0.05). Antibiotic use in infants with CF was associated with a lower alpha diversity, a reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides, and a higher abundance of Enterococcus. CONCLUSION Microbial development of the gut is different in infants with CF compared to healthy infants from the first months of life on, and further deviates over time, in part as a result of antibiotic treatment. The resulting dysbiosis may have significant functional consequences for the microbial ecosystem in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Kristensen
- Department of Pediatric pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Sabine M P J Prevaes
- Department of Pediatric pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gino Kalkman
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | | | - Raiza Hasrat
- Department of Pediatric infectious diseases and immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Pediatric pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hettie M Janssens
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Harm A Tiddens
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille van Westreenen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Sanders
- Department of Pediatric infectious diseases and immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Arets
- Department of Pediatric pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Keijser
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Department of Pediatric infectious diseases and immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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14
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Geurts MH, de Poel E, Amatngalim GD, Oka R, Meijers FM, Kruisselbrink E, van Mourik P, Berkers G, de Winter-de Groot KM, Michel S, Muilwijk D, Aalbers BL, Mullenders J, Boj SF, Suen SWF, Brunsveld JE, Janssens HM, Mall MA, Graeber SY, van Boxtel R, van der Ent CK, Beekman JM, Clevers H. CRISPR-Based Adenine Editors Correct Nonsense Mutations in a Cystic Fibrosis Organoid Biobank. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:503-510.e7. [PMID: 32084388 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenine base editing (ABE) enables enzymatic conversion from A-T into G-C base pairs. ABE holds promise for clinical application, as it does not depend on the introduction of double-strand breaks, contrary to conventional CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering. Here, we describe a cystic fibrosis (CF) intestinal organoid biobank, representing 664 patients, of which ~20% can theoretically be repaired by ABE. We apply SpCas9-ABE (PAM recognition sequence: NGG) and xCas9-ABE (PAM recognition sequence: NGN) on four selected CF organoid samples. Genetic and functional repair was obtained in all four cases, while whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of corrected lines of two patients did not detect off-target mutations. These observations exemplify the value of large, patient-derived organoid biobanks representing hereditary disease and indicate that ABE may be safely applied in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten H Geurts
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eyleen de Poel
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gimano D Amatngalim
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rurika Oka
- Princess Maxima Center, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Princess Maxima Center, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Fleur M Meijers
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Evelien Kruisselbrink
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van Mourik
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gitte Berkers
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Michel
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Danya Muilwijk
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bente L Aalbers
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sylvia F Boj
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvia W F Suen
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jesse E Brunsveld
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hettie M Janssens
- Department of Pediatrics, division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, ErasmusMC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Hospital Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Y Graeber
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruben van Boxtel
- Princess Maxima Center, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Princess Maxima Center, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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15
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van Houten CB, Naaktgeboren CA, Ashkenazi-Hoffnung L, Ashkenazi S, Avis W, Chistyakov I, Corigliano T, Galetto A, Gangoiti I, Gervaix A, Glikman D, Ivaskeviciene I, Kuperman AA, Lacroix L, Loeffen Y, Luterbacher F, Meijssen CB, Mintegi S, Nasrallah B, Papan C, van Rossum AMC, Rudolph H, Stein M, Tal R, Tenenbaum T, Usonis V, de Waal W, Weichert S, Wildenbeest JG, de Winter-de Groot KM, Wolfs TFW, Mastboim N, Gottlieb TM, Cohen A, Oved K, Eden E, Feigin PD, Shani L, Bont LJ. Expert panel diagnosis demonstrated high reproducibility as reference standard in infectious diseases. J Clin Epidemiol 2019; 112:20-27. [PMID: 30930247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE If a gold standard is lacking in a diagnostic test accuracy study, expert diagnosis is frequently used as reference standard. However, interobserver and intraobserver agreements are imperfect. The aim of this study was to quantify the reproducibility of a panel diagnosis for pediatric infectious diseases. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Pediatricians from six countries adjudicated a diagnosis (i.e., bacterial infection, viral infection, or indeterminate) for febrile children. Diagnosis was reached when the majority of panel members came to the same diagnosis, leaving others inconclusive. We evaluated intraobserver and intrapanel agreement with 6 weeks and 3 years' time intervals. We calculated the proportion of inconclusive diagnosis for a three-, five-, and seven-expert panel. RESULTS For both time intervals (i.e., 6 weeks and 3 years), intrapanel agreement was higher (kappa 0.88, 95%CI: 0.81-0.94 and 0.80, 95%CI: NA) compared to intraobserver agreement (kappa 0.77, 95%CI: 0.71-0.83 and 0.65, 95%CI: 0.52-0.78). After expanding the three-expert panel to five or seven experts, the proportion of inconclusive diagnoses (11%) remained the same. CONCLUSION A panel consisting of three experts provides more reproducible diagnoses than an individual expert in children with lower respiratory tract infection or fever without source. Increasing the size of a panel beyond three experts has no major advantage for diagnosis reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal B van Houten
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christiana A Naaktgeboren
- Division Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liat Ashkenazi-Hoffnung
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Wim Avis
- Department of Pediatrics, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Irena Chistyakov
- Department of Pediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Teresa Corigliano
- Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Annick Galetto
- Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Iker Gangoiti
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Cruces University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alain Gervaix
- Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Glikman
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Padeh Poria Medical Center and the Azrieli faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Inga Ivaskeviciene
- Clinic of Children Diseases, Institute of Clinical medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Amir A Kuperman
- Blood Coagulation Service and Pediatric Hematology Clinic, Galilee Medical Centre, Nahariya, and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Laurence Lacroix
- Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yvette Loeffen
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fanny Luterbacher
- Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clemens B Meijssen
- Department of Pediatrics, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Santiago Mintegi
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Cruces University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Cihan Papan
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Henriette Rudolph
- Department of Pediatrics, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Stein
- Department of Pediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Roie Tal
- Department of Pediatrics, Galilee Medical Centre, Nahariya and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Tobias Tenenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Vytautas Usonis
- Clinic of Children Diseases, Institute of Clinical medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Wouter de Waal
- Department of Pediatrics, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Weichert
- Department of Pediatrics, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne G Wildenbeest
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom F W Wolfs
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul D Feigin
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Louis J Bont
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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16
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van Houten CB, Cohen A, Engelhard D, Hays JP, Karlsson R, Moore E, Fernández D, Kreisberg R, Collins LV, de Waal W, de Winter-de Groot KM, Wolfs TFW, Meijers P, Luijk B, Oosterheert JJ, Heijligenberg R, Sankatsing SUC, Bossink AWJ, Stubbs A, Stein M, Reisfeld S, Klein A, Rachmilevitch R, Ashkar J, Braverman I, Kartun V, Chistyakov I, Bamberger E, Srugo I, Odeh M, Schiff E, Dotan Y, Boico O, Navon R, Friedman T, Etshtein L, Paz M, Gottlieb TM, Pri-Or E, Kronenfeld G, Simon E, Oved K, Eden E, Bont LJ. Antibiotic misuse in respiratory tract infections in children and adults-a prospective, multicentre study (TAILORED Treatment). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:505-514. [PMID: 30707378 PMCID: PMC6394715 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-03454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are more commonly caused by viral pathogens in children than in adults. Surprisingly, little is known about antibiotic use in children as compared to adults with RTI. This prospective study aimed to determine antibiotic misuse in children and adults with RTI, using an expert panel reference standard, in order to prioritise the target age population for antibiotic stewardship interventions. We recruited children and adults who presented at the emergency department or were hospitalised with clinical presentation of RTI in The Netherlands and Israel. A panel of three experienced physicians adjudicated a reference standard diagnosis (i.e. bacterial or viral infection) for all the patients using all available clinical and laboratory information, including a 28-day follow-up assessment. The cohort included 284 children and 232 adults with RTI (median age, 1.3 years and 64.5 years, respectively). The proportion of viral infections was larger in children than in adults (209(74%) versus 89(38%), p < 0.001). In case of viral RTI, antibiotics were prescribed (i.e. overuse) less frequently in children than in adults (77/209 (37%) versus 74/89 (83%), p < 0.001). One (1%) child and three (2%) adults with bacterial infection were not treated with antibiotics (i.e. underuse); all were mild cases. This international, prospective study confirms major antibiotic overuse in patients with RTI. Viral infection is more common in children, but antibiotic overuse is more frequent in adults with viral RTI. Together, these findings support the need for effective interventions to decrease antibiotic overuse in RTI patients of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal B van Houten
- Division of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85090, Office KC.03.063.0, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dan Engelhard
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - John P Hays
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Edward Moore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Wouter de Waal
- Department of Paediatrics, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom F W Wolfs
- Division of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85090, Office KC.03.063.0, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Meijers
- Department of Paediatrics, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Luijk
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Jelrik Oosterheert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Heijligenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aik W J Bossink
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Stubbs
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Stein
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Sharon Reisfeld
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Adi Klein
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | | | - Jalal Ashkar
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Itzhak Braverman
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Valery Kartun
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Irena Chistyakov
- Department of Paediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ellen Bamberger
- Department of Paediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Isaac Srugo
- Department of Paediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Majed Odeh
- Department of Paediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elad Schiff
- Department of Paediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaniv Dotan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Louis J Bont
- Division of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85090, Office KC.03.063.0, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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17
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de Winter-de Groot KM, Janssens HM, van Uum RT, Dekkers JF, Berkers G, Vonk A, Kruisselbrink E, Oppelaar H, Vries R, Clevers H, Houwen RH, Escher JC, Elias SG, de Jonge HR, de Rijke YB, Tiddens HA, van der Ent CK, Beekman JM. Stratifying infants with cystic fibrosis for disease severity using intestinal organoid swelling as a biomarker of CFTR function. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.02529-2017. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02529-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Forskolin-induced swelling (FIS) of intestinal organoids from individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) measures function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the protein mutated in CF.We investigated whether FIS corresponds with clinical outcome parameters and biomarkers of CFTR function in 34 infants diagnosed with CF. Relationships with FIS were studied for indicators of pulmonary and gastrointestinal disease.Children with low FIS had higher levels of immunoreactive trypsinogen (p=0.030) and pancreatitis-associated protein (p=0.039), more often had pancreatic insufficiency (p<0.001), had more abnormalities on chest computed tomography (p=0.049), and had lower z-scores for maximal expiratory flow at functional residual capacity (p=0.033) when compared to children with high FIS values. FIS significantly correlated with sweat chloride concentration (SCC) and intestinal current measurement (ICM) (r= −0.82 and r=0.70, respectively; both p<0.001). Individual assessment of SCC, ICM and FIS suggested that FIS can help to classify individual disease severity.Thus, stratification by FIS identified subgroups that differed in pulmonary and gastrointestinal outcome parameters. FIS of intestinal organoids correlated well with established CFTR-dependent biomarkers such as SCC and ICM, and performed adequately at group and individual level in this proof-of-concept study.
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18
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Boers SN, de Winter-de Groot KM, Noordhoek J, Gulmans V, van der Ent CK, van Delden JJM, Bredenoord AL. Mini-guts in a dish: Perspectives of adult Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients and parents of young CF patients on organoid technology. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [PMID: 29523474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organoid technology enables the cultivation of human tissues in a dish. Its precision medicine potential could revolutionize the Cystic Fibrosis (CF) field. We provide a first thematic exploration of the patient perspective on organoid technology to set the further research agenda, which is necessary for responsible development of this ethically challenging technology. METHODS 23 semi-structured qualitative interviews with 14 Dutch adult CF patients and 12 parents of young CF patients to examine their experiences, opinions, and attitudes regarding organoid technology. RESULTS Four themes emerged: (1) Respondents express a close as well as a distant relationship to organoids; (2) the open-endedness of organoid technology sparks hopes and concerns, (3) commercial use evokes cautiousness. (4) Respondents mention the importance of sound consent procedures, long-term patient engagement, responsible stewardship, and stringent conditions for commercial use. CONCLUSIONS The precision medicine potential of organoid technology can only be realized if the patient perspective is taken adequately into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Boers
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal post Str. 6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal post KH.01.419.0, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jacquelien Noordhoek
- Dutch Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (NCFS), Dr. A. Schweitzerweg 3A, 3744 MG Baarn, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent Gulmans
- Dutch Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (NCFS), Dr. A. Schweitzerweg 3A, 3744 MG Baarn, The Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal post KH.01.419.0, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes J M van Delden
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal post Str. 6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Annelien L Bredenoord
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Department of Medical Humanities, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal post Str. 6.131, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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19
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Dekkers JF, Berkers G, Kruisselbrink E, Vonk A, de Jonge HR, Janssens HM, Bronsveld I, van de Graaf EA, Nieuwenhuis EES, Houwen RHJ, Vleggaar FP, Escher JC, de Rijke YB, Majoor CJ, Heijerman HGM, de Winter-de Groot KM, Clevers H, van der Ent CK, Beekman JM. Characterizing responses to CFTR-modulating drugs using rectal organoids derived from subjects with cystic fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:344ra84. [PMID: 27334259 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad8278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Identifying subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) who may benefit from cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-modulating drugs is time-consuming, costly, and especially challenging for individuals with rare uncharacterized CFTR mutations. We studied CFTR function and responses to two drugs-the prototypical CFTR potentiator VX-770 (ivacaftor/KALYDECO) and the CFTR corrector VX-809 (lumacaftor)-in organoid cultures derived from the rectal epithelia of subjects with CF, who expressed a broad range of CFTR mutations. We observed that CFTR residual function and responses to drug therapy depended on both the CFTR mutation and the genetic background of the subjects. In vitro drug responses in rectal organoids positively correlated with published outcome data from clinical trials with VX-809 and VX-770, allowing us to predict from preclinical data the potential for CF patients carrying rare CFTR mutations to respond to drug therapy. We demonstrated proof of principle by selecting two subjects expressing an uncharacterized rare CFTR genotype (G1249R/F508del) who showed clinical responses to treatment with ivacaftor and one subject (F508del/R347P) who showed a limited response to drug therapy both in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that in vitro measurements of CFTR function in patient-derived rectal organoids may be useful for identifying subjects who would benefit from CFTR-correcting treatment, independent of their CFTR mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna F Dekkers
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, Netherlands. Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gitte Berkers
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Evelien Kruisselbrink
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, Netherlands. Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Annelotte Vonk
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, Netherlands. Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hugo R de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hettie M Janssens
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Inez Bronsveld
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eduard A van de Graaf
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Edward E S Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roderick H J Houwen
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frank P Vleggaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johanna C Escher
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yolanda B de Rijke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christof J Majoor
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harry G M Heijerman
- Department of Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Haga Teaching Hospital, 2545 CH The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, Netherlands. Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, Netherlands. Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands.
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Prevaes SMPJ, de Steenhuijsen Piters WAA, de Winter-de Groot KM, Janssens HM, Tramper-Stranders GA, Chu MLJN, Tiddens HA, van Westreenen M, van der Ent CK, Sanders EAM, Bogaert D. Concordance between upper and lower airway microbiota in infants with cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/3/1602235. [PMID: 28356374 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02235-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples are commonly used to direct therapy for lower respiratory tract infections in non-expectorating infants with cystic fibrosis (CF).We aimed to investigate the concordance between the bacterial community compositions of 25 sets of nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 17 infants with CF aged ∼5 months (n=13) and ∼12 months (n=12) using conventional culturing and 16S-rRNA sequencing.Clustering analyses demonstrated that BAL microbiota profiles were in general characterised by a mixture of oral and nasopharyngeal bacteria, including commensals like Streptococcus, Neisseria, Veillonella and Rothia spp. and potential pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella spp. Within each individual, however, the degree of concordance differed between microbiota of both upper respiratory tract niches and the corresponding BAL.The inconsistent intra-individual concordance between microbiota of the upper and lower respiratory niches suggests that the lungs of infants with CF may have their own microbiome that seems seeded by, but is not identical to, the upper respiratory tract microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine M P J Prevaes
- Dept of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter A A de Steenhuijsen Piters
- Dept of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Dept of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Hettie M Janssens
- Dept of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerdien A Tramper-Stranders
- Dept of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mei Ling J N Chu
- Dept of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harm A Tiddens
- Dept of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille van Westreenen
- Dept of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Dept of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Sanders
- Dept of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Dept of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Vijftigschild LAW, Berkers G, Dekkers JF, Zomer-van Ommen DD, Matthes E, Kruisselbrink E, Vonk A, Hensen CE, Heida-Michel S, Geerdink M, Janssens HM, van de Graaf EA, Bronsveld I, de Winter-de Groot KM, Majoor CJ, Heijerman HGM, de Jonge HR, Hanrahan JW, van der Ent CK, Beekman JM. β2-Adrenergic receptor agonists activate CFTR in intestinal organoids and subjects with cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:768-79. [PMID: 27471203 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01661-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that people with cystic fibrosis (CF) who express CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene mutations associated with residual function may benefit from G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)-targeting drugs that can activate and enhance CFTR function.We used intestinal organoids to screen a GPCR-modulating compound library and identified β2-adrenergic receptor agonists as the most potent inducers of CFTR function.β2-Agonist-induced organoid swelling correlated with the CFTR genotype, and could be induced in homozygous CFTR-F508del organoids and highly differentiated primary CF airway epithelial cells after rescue of CFTR trafficking by small molecules. The in vivo response to treatment with an oral or inhaled β2-agonist (salbutamol) in CF patients with residual CFTR function was evaluated in a pilot study. 10 subjects with a R117H or A455E mutation were included and showed changes in the nasal potential difference measurement after treatment with oral salbutamol, including a significant improvement of the baseline potential difference of the nasal mucosa (+6.35 mV, p<0.05), suggesting that this treatment might be effective in vivo Furthermore, plasma that was collected after oral salbutamol treatment induced CFTR activation when administered ex vivo to organoids.This proof-of-concept study suggests that organoids can be used to identify drugs that activate CFTR function in vivo and to select route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lodewijk A W Vijftigschild
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Gitte Berkers
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Johanna F Dekkers
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Domenique D Zomer-van Ommen
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Elizabeth Matthes
- CF Translational Research Centre, Dept of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Evelien Kruisselbrink
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelotte Vonk
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal E Hensen
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Heida-Michel
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Margot Geerdink
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hettie M Janssens
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Inez Bronsveld
- Dept of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christof J Majoor
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry G M Heijerman
- Dept of Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo R de Jonge
- Dept of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W Hanrahan
- CF Translational Research Centre, Dept of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Prevaes SMPJ, de Winter-de Groot KM, Janssens HM, de Steenhuijsen Piters WAA, Tramper-Stranders GA, Wyllie AL, Hasrat R, Tiddens HA, van Westreenen M, van der Ent CK, Sanders EAM, Bogaert D. Development of the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota in Infants with Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:504-15. [PMID: 26492486 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201509-1759oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by early structural lung disease caused by pulmonary infections. The nasopharynx of infants is a major ecological reservoir of potential respiratory pathogens. OBJECTIVES To investigate the development of nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles in infants with CF compared with those of healthy control subjects during the first 6 months of life. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study, from the time of diagnosis onward, in which we collected questionnaires and 324 nasopharynx samples from 20 infants with CF and 45 age-matched healthy control subjects. Microbiota profiles were characterized by 16S ribosomal RNA-based sequencing. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We observed significant differences in microbial community composition (P < 0.0002 by permutational multivariate analysis of variance) and development between groups. In infants with CF, early Staphylococcus aureus and, to a lesser extent, Corynebacterium spp. and Moraxella spp. dominance were followed by a switch to Streptococcus mitis predominance after 3 months of age. In control subjects, Moraxella spp. enrichment occurred throughout the first 6 months of life. In a multivariate analysis, S. aureus, S. mitis, Corynebacterium accolens, and bacilli were significantly more abundant in infants with CF, whereas Moraxella spp., Corynebacterium pseudodiphtericum and Corynebacterium propinquum and Haemophilus influenzae were significantly more abundant in control subjects, after correction for age, antibiotic use, and respiratory symptoms. Antibiotic use was independently associated with increased colonization of gram-negative bacteria such as Burkholderia spp. and members of the Enterobacteriaceae bacteria family and reduced colonization of potential beneficial commensals. CONCLUSIONS From diagnosis onward, we observed distinct patterns of nasopharyngeal microbiota development in infants with CF under 6 months of age compared with control subjects and a marked effect of antibiotic therapy leading toward a gram-negative microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine M P J Prevaes
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hettie M Janssens
- 2 Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | | | - Gerdien A Tramper-Stranders
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne L Wyllie
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raiza Hasrat
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harm A Tiddens
- 2 Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Mireille van Westreenen
- 3 Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Sanders
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Debby Bogaert
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Dekkers JF, Van Mourik P, Vonk AM, Kruisselbrink E, Berkers G, de Winter-de Groot KM, Janssens HM, Bronsveld I, van der Ent CK, de Jonge HR, Beekman JM. Potentiator synergy in rectal organoids carrying S1251N, G551D, or F508del CFTR mutations. J Cyst Fibros 2016; 15:568-78. [PMID: 27160424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The potentiator VX-770 (ivacaftor/KALYDECO™) targets defective gating of CFTR and has been approved for treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) subjects carrying G551D, S1251N or one of 8 other mutations. Still, the current potentiator treatment does not normalize CFTR-dependent biomarkers, indicating the need for development of more effective potentiator strategies. We have recently pioneered a functional CFTR assay in primary rectal organoids and used this model to characterize interactions between VX-770, genistein and curcumin, the latter 2 being natural food components with established CFTR potentiation capacities. Results indicated that all possible combinations of VX-770, genistein and curcumin synergistically repaired CFTR-dependent forskolin-induced swelling of organoids with CFTR-S1251N or CFTR-G551D, even under suboptimal CFTR activation and compounds concentrations, conditions that may predominate in vivo. Genistein and curcumin also enhanced forskolin-induced swelling of F508del homozygous organoids that were treated with VX-770 and the prototypical CFTR corrector VX-809. These results indicate that VX-770, genistein and curcumin in double or triple combinations can synergize in restoring CFTR-dependent fluid secretion in primary CF cells and support the use of multiple potentiators for treatment of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna F Dekkers
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Van Mourik
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelotte M Vonk
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Kruisselbrink
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gitte Berkers
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hettie M Janssens
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus University Medical Centre/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Inez Bronsveld
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo R de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Dekkers JF, Gogorza Gondra RA, Kruisselbrink E, Vonk AM, Janssens HM, de Winter-de Groot KM, van der Ent CK, Beekman JM. Optimal correction of distinct CFTR folding mutants in rectal cystic fibrosis organoids. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:451-8. [PMID: 27103391 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01192-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule therapies that restore defects in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gating (potentiators) or trafficking (correctors) are being developed for cystic fibrosis (CF) in a mutation-specific fashion. Options for pharmacological correction of CFTR-p.Phe508del (F508del) are being extensively studied but correction of other trafficking mutants that may also benefit from corrector treatment remains largely unknown.We studied correction of the folding mutants CFTR-p.Phe508del, -p.Ala455Glu (A455E) and -p.Asn1303Lys (N1303K) by VX-809 and 18 other correctors (C1-C18) using a functional CFTR assay in human intestinal CF organoids.Function of both CFTR-p.Phe508del and -p.Ala455Glu was enhanced by a variety of correctors but no residual or corrector-induced activity was associated with CFTR-p.Asn1303Lys. Importantly, VX-809-induced correction was most dominant for CFTR-p.Phe508del, while correction of CFTR-p.Ala455Glu was highest by a subgroup of compounds called bithiazoles (C4, C13, C14 and C17) and C5.These data support the development of mutation-specific correctors for optimal treatment of different CFTR trafficking mutants, and identify C5 and bithiazoles as the most promising compounds for correction of CFTR-p.Ala455Glu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna F Dekkers
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo A Gogorza Gondra
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Kruisselbrink
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelotte M Vonk
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hettie M Janssens
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Sophia Children's Hospital/Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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25
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Dekkers JF, Wiegerinck CL, de Jonge HR, Bronsveld I, Janssens HM, de Winter-de Groot KM, Brandsma AM, de Jong NWM, Bijvelds MJC, Scholte BJ, Nieuwenhuis EES, van den Brink S, Clevers H, van der Ent CK, Middendorp S, Beekman JM. A functional CFTR assay using primary cystic fibrosis intestinal organoids. Nat Med 2013; 19:939-45. [PMID: 23727931 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 688] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We recently established conditions allowing for long-term expansion of epithelial organoids from intestine, recapitulating essential features of the in vivo tissue architecture. Here we apply this technology to study primary intestinal organoids of people suffering from cystic fibrosis, a disease caused by mutations in CFTR, encoding cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Forskolin induces rapid swelling of organoids derived from healthy controls or wild-type mice, but this effect is strongly reduced in organoids of subjects with cystic fibrosis or in mice carrying the Cftr F508del mutation and is absent in Cftr-deficient organoids. This pattern is phenocopied by CFTR-specific inhibitors. Forskolin-induced swelling of in vitro-expanded human control and cystic fibrosis organoids corresponds quantitatively with forskolin-induced anion currents in freshly excised ex vivo rectal biopsies. Function of the CFTR F508del mutant protein is restored by incubation at low temperature, as well as by CFTR-restoring compounds. This relatively simple and robust assay will facilitate diagnosis, functional studies, drug development and personalized medicine approaches in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna F Dekkers
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Bonestroo HJC, de Winter-de Groot KM, van der Ent CK, Arets HGM. Upper and lower airway cultures in children with cystic fibrosis: do not neglect the upper airways. J Cyst Fibros 2010; 9:130-4. [PMID: 20110197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are colonised with bacteria early in life. We aimed to analyse differences between results of simultaneously taken upper airway (UAW) and lower airway (LAW) cultures, to describe clinical characteristics of patients with positive versus negative cultures and to follow up the patients with P. aeruginosa positive UAW cultures. METHODS Bacteriological and clinical data from 157 children were collected during annual check up. The number of positive UAW and LAW cultures and correspondence between these results and clinical characteristics were analysed. RESULTS Positive LAW and UAW cultures were found in 79.6% and 43.9% of patients respectively (p<0.001). Patients with positive LAW cultures were significantly older (11.9 vs. 9.8years, p<0.05) and had more LAW symptoms (73.6% vs. 46.7%, p<0.05), especially when P. aeruginosa was found. Patients with positive UAW cultures (especially S. aureus) had more nasal discharge (50.7% vs. 25.0%, p<0.001). In 65% of patients with positive UAW and negative LAW culture for P. aeruginosa the next LAW became P. aeruginosa positive. CONCLUSION UAW cultures and LAW cultures differ in children with CF and there are differences in clinical characteristics between patients with positive versus negative culture results. P. aeruginosa positive UAW cultures appeared to precede positive LAW cultures in a substantial part of patients, suggesting some kind of cross-infection between the UAW and LAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde J C Bonestroo
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Disease, Cystic Fibrosis Centre Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, KH 01.419.0, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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de Winter-de Groot KM, Uiterwaal CS, van der Ent CK. Reply. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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de Winter-de Groot KM, Uiterwaal CS, van der Ent CK. Reply. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by chronic airway infection and inflammation, which accounts for most morbidity and deaths. Exhaled nitric oxide (NO), elevated in most inflammatory lung diseases, is decreased in CF, suggesting decreased formation, increased metabolism or loss of NO. The nitrogen oxide metabolism in CF airways is complex and not yet fully understood. In this article we will summarize current understanding of the origin and function of NO in (patho)physiological processes in the lung of normal subjects and CF patients, possible explanations for and consequences of reduced NO concentrations in CF and possible therapetic strategies for treatment of CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine of the University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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