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Lacroix L, Papis S, Mardegan C, Luterbacher F, L’Huillier A, Sahyoun C, Keitel K, Mastboim N, Etshtein L, Shani L, Simon E, Barash E, Navon R, Gottlieb TM, Oved K, Eden E, Combescure C, Galetto-Lacour A, Gervaix A. Host biomarkers and combinatorial scores for the detection of serious and invasive bacterial infection in pediatric patients with fever without source. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294032. [PMID: 37956117 PMCID: PMC10642781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved tools are required to detect bacterial infection in children with fever without source (FWS), especially when younger than 3 years old. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of a host signature combining for the first time two viral-induced biomarkers, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and interferon γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10), with a bacterial-induced one, C-reactive protein (CRP), to reliably predict bacterial infection in children with fever without source (FWS) and to compare its performance to routine individual biomarkers (CRP, procalcitonin (PCT), white blood cell and absolute neutrophil counts, TRAIL, and IP-10) and to the Labscore. METHODS This was a prospective diagnostic accuracy study conducted in a single tertiary center in children aged less than 3 years old presenting with FWS. Reference standard etiology (bacterial or viral) was assigned by a panel of three independent experts. Diagnostic accuracy (AUC, sensitivity, specificity) of host individual biomarkers and combinatorial scores was evaluated in comparison to reference standard outcomes (expert panel adjudication and microbiological diagnosis). RESULTS 241 patients were included. 68 of them (28%) were diagnosed with a bacterial infection and 5 (2%) with invasive bacterial infection (IBI). Labscore, ImmunoXpert, and CRP attained the highest AUC values for the detection of bacterial infection, respectively 0.854 (0.804-0.905), 0.827 (0.764-0.890), and 0.807 (0.744-0.869). Labscore and ImmunoXpert outperformed the other single biomarkers with higher sensitivity and/or specificity and showed comparable performance to one another although slightly reduced sensitivity in children < 90 days of age. CONCLUSION Labscore and ImmunoXpert demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy for safely discriminating bacterial infection in children with FWS aged under and over 90 days, supporting their adoption in the assessment of febrile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Lacroix
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Papis
- Department of General Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Mardegan
- Department of General Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Luterbacher
- Department of General Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud L’Huillier
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Sahyoun
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Keitel
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christophe Combescure
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Annick Galetto-Lacour
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alain Gervaix
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Halabi S, Shiber S, Paz M, Gottlieb TM, Barash E, Navon R, Ilan-Ber T, Shani L, Petersiel N, Grupper M, Simon E, Kirshner D, Haber D, Stein M, Maor Y, Guetta C, Lishtzinsky Y, Yanai S, Drescher MJ, Oved K, Eden E, Neuberger A, Paul M. Host test based on tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, interferon gamma-induced protein-10 and C-reactive protein for differentiating bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections in adults: diagnostic accuracy study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023; 29:1159-1165. [PMID: 37270059 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the performance of a test (called BV), integrating the blood levels of three immune proteins into a score, to differentiate bacterial from viral infection among adults with suspected lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). METHODS Prospective diagnostic accuracy study, enrolling febrile adults >18 years with LRTI signs or symptoms for less than 7 days presenting to several hospitals' emergency departments in Israel. The main exclusion criterion was immunodeficiency. Reference standard diagnosis (bacterial/viral/indeterminate) was based on three experts independently reviewing comprehensive patient data including follow-up data. BV generated three results: viral infection or other nonbacterial condition (0 ≤ score < 35), equivocal (35 ≤ score ≤ 65) and bacterial infection including co-infection (65 < score ≤ 100). BV performance was assessed against the reference standard with indeterminate reference standard and equivocal BV cases removed. RESULTS Of 490 enrolled patients, 415 met eligibility criteria (median age 56 years, interquartile range 35). The reference standard classified 104 patients as bacterial, 210 as viral and 101 as indeterminate. BV was equivocal in 9.6% (30/314). Excluding indeterminate reference standard diagnoses and equivocal BV results, BV's sensitivity for bacterial infection was 98.1% (101/103; 95% confidence interval 95.4-100), specificity 88.4% (160/181; 83.7-93.1) and negative predictive value 98.8% (160/162; 97.1-100). DISCUSSION BV exhibited high diagnostic performance for febrile adults with suspected LRTI among patients with reference standard diagnoses of bacterial or viral LRTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Halabi
- Emergency Department, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shachaf Shiber
- Emergency Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikvah, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neta Petersiel
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mordechai Grupper
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Daniel Kirshner
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Haber
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Yasmin Maor
- Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Claire Guetta
- Emergency Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikvah, Israel
| | - Ynon Lishtzinsky
- Emergency Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikvah, Israel
| | - Shirly Yanai
- Emergency Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikvah, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Ami Neuberger
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mical Paul
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Mastboim NS, Angel A, Shaham O, Ber TI, Navon R, Simon E, Rosenberg M, Israeli Y, Hainrichson M, Avni N, Reiner E, Feigin P, Oved K, Tadmor B, Singer P, Kagan I, Lev S, Diker D, Jarjou'I A, Kurd R, Ben-Chetrit E, Danziger G, Tegethoff SA, Papan C, Motov S, Shapira M, Stein M, Gottlieb TM, Eden E, Klein A. An immune-protein score combining TRAIL, IP-10 and CRP for predicting severe COVID-19 disease. Cytokine 2023; 169:156246. [PMID: 37327532 PMCID: PMC10235675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 patients are oftentimes over- or under-treated due to a deficit in predictive management tools. This study reports derivation of an algorithm that integrates the host levels of TRAIL, IP-10, and CRP into a single numeric score that is an early indicator of severe outcome for COVID-19 patients and can identify patients at-risk to deteriorate. 394 COVID-19 patients were eligible; 29% meeting a severe outcome (intensive care unit admission/non-invasive or invasive ventilation/death). The score's area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.86, superior to IL-6 (AUC 0.77; p = 0.033) and CRP (AUC 0.78; p < 0.001). Likelihood of severe outcome increased significantly (p < 0.001) with higher scores. The score differentiated severe patients who further deteriorated from those who improved (p = 0.004) and projected 14-day survival probabilities (p < 0.001). The score accurately predicted COVID-19 patients at-risk for severe outcome, and therefore has potential to facilitate timely care escalation and de-escalation and appropriate resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Feigin
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
| | - Kfir Oved
- MeMed, Tirat Carmel, Israel; Canopy Immuno-therapeutics, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amir Jarjou'I
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University School of Medicine, Israel
| | - Ramzi Kurd
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University School of Medicine, Israel
| | - Eli Ben-Chetrit
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University School of Medicine, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Ma'anit Shapira
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel; Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Israel
| | - Michal Stein
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine,Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Adi Klein
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel; Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Israel
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4
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Li Y, van Houten CB, Boers SA, Jansen R, Cohen A, Engelhard D, Kraaij R, Hiltemann SD, Ju J, Fernández D, Mankoc C, González E, de Waal WJ, de Winter-de Groot KM, Wolfs TFW, Meijers P, Luijk B, Oosterheert JJ, Sankatsing SUC, Bossink AWJ, Stein M, Klein A, Ashkar J, Bamberger E, Srugo I, Odeh M, Dotan Y, Boico O, Etshtein L, Paz M, Navon R, Friedman T, Simon E, Gottlieb TM, Pri-Or E, Kronenfeld G, Oved K, Eden E, Stubbs AP, Bont LJ, Hays JP. The diagnostic value of nasal microbiota and clinical parameters in a multi-parametric prediction model to differentiate bacterial versus viral infections in lower respiratory tract infections. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267140. [PMID: 35436301 PMCID: PMC9015155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to accurately distinguish bacterial from viral infection would help clinicians better target antimicrobial therapy during suspected lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Although technological developments make it feasible to rapidly generate patient-specific microbiota profiles, evidence is required to show the clinical value of using microbiota data for infection diagnosis. In this study, we investigated whether adding nasal cavity microbiota profiles to readily available clinical information could improve machine learning classifiers to distinguish bacterial from viral infection in patients with LRTI. Results Various multi-parametric Random Forests classifiers were evaluated on the clinical and microbiota data of 293 LRTI patients for their prediction accuracies to differentiate bacterial from viral infection. The most predictive variable was C-reactive protein (CRP). We observed a marginal prediction improvement when 7 most prevalent nasal microbiota genera were added to the CRP model. In contrast, adding three clinical variables, absolute neutrophil count, consolidation on X-ray, and age group to the CRP model significantly improved the prediction. The best model correctly predicted 85% of the ‘bacterial’ patients and 82% of the ‘viral’ patients using 13 clinical and 3 nasal cavity microbiota genera (Staphylococcus, Moraxella, and Streptococcus). Conclusions We developed high-accuracy multi-parametric machine learning classifiers to differentiate bacterial from viral infections in LRTI patients of various ages. We demonstrated the predictive value of four easy-to-collect clinical variables which facilitate personalized and accurate clinical decision-making. We observed that nasal cavity microbiota correlate with the clinical variables and thus may not add significant value to diagnostic algorithms that aim to differentiate bacterial from viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Li
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal B. van Houten
- Division of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan A. Boers
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Dan Engelhard
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Robert Kraaij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia D. Hiltemann
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Ju
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Wouter J. de Waal
- Department of Paediatrics, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M. de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom F. W. Wolfs
- Division of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Meijers
- Department of Paediatrics, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Luijk
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Jelrik Oosterheert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aik W. J. Bossink
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Stein
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Adi Klein
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Jalal Ashkar
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Ellen Bamberger
- MeMed, Tirat Carmel, Israel
- Department of Paediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Isaac Srugo
- Department of Paediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Majed Odeh
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaniv Dotan
- Pulmonary Division, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew P. Stubbs
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis J. Bont
- Division of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John P. Hays
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Papan C, Argentiero A, Porwoll M, Hakim U, Farinelli E, Testa I, Pasticci MB, Mezzetti D, Perruccio K, Etshtein L, Mastboim N, Moscoviz E, Ber TI, Cohen A, Simon E, Boico O, Shani L, Gottlieb TM, Navon R, Barash E, Oved K, Eden E, Simon A, Liese JG, Knuf M, Stein M, Yacobov R, Bamberger E, Schneider S, Esposito S, Tenenbaum T. A host signature based on TRAIL, IP-10, and CRP for reducing antibiotic overuse in children by differentiating bacterial from viral infections: a prospective, multicentre cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 28:723-730. [PMID: 34768022 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identifying infection aetiology is essential for appropriate antibiotic use. Previous studies have shown that a host-protein signature consisting of TNF-related apoptosis-induced ligand (TRAIL), interferon-γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10), and C-reactive protein (CRP) can accurately differentiate bacterial from viral infections. METHODS This prospective, multicentre cohort study, entitled AutoPilot-Dx, aimed to validate signature performance and to estimate its potential impact on antibiotic use across a broad paediatric population (>90 days to 18 years) with respiratory tract infections, or fever without source, at emergency departments and wards in Italy and Germany. Infection aetiology was adjudicated by experts based on clinical and laboratory investigations, including multiplex PCR and follow-up data. RESULTS In total, 1140 patients were recruited (February 2017-December 2018), of which 1008 met the eligibility criteria (mean age 3.5 years, 41.9% female). Viral and bacterial infections were adjudicated for 628 (85.8%) and 104 (14.2%) children, respectively; 276 patients were assigned an indeterminate reference standard outcome. For the 732 children with reference standard aetiology, the signature discriminated bacterial from viral infections with a sensitivity of 93.7% (95%CI 88.7-98.7), a specificity of 94.2% (92.2-96.1), positive predictive value of 73.0% (65.0-81.0), and negative predictive value of 98.9% (98.0-99.8); in 9.8% the test results were equivocal. The signature performed consistently across different patient subgroups and detected bacterial immune responses in viral PCR-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS The findings validate the high diagnostic performance of the TRAIL/IP-10/CRP signature in a broad paediatric cohort, and support its potential to reduce antibiotic overuse in children with viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Papan
- University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Mannheim, Germany; Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alberto Argentiero
- Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marian Porwoll
- University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ummaya Hakim
- University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Edoardo Farinelli
- Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Testa
- Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Bruna Pasticci
- Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Mezzetti
- Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Katia Perruccio
- Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arne Simon
- Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Johannes G Liese
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Knuf
- Children's Hospital, Helios Dr Horst Schmidt Klinik, Wiesbaden, and Department of Paediatrics, University Medicine, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Ellen Bamberger
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Department of Paediatrics, Bnai-Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sven Schneider
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tobias Tenenbaum
- University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Mannheim, Germany.
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6
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Ashkenazi-Hoffnung L, Livni G, Scheuerman O, Berger I, Eden E, Oved K, Shani L, Kronenfeld G, Simon E, Boico O, Navon R, Gottlieb TM, Barash E, Paz M, Yuhas Y, Berent E, Ashkenazi S. Differential Serum and Urine CRP, IP-10, and TRAIL Levels in Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:771118. [PMID: 34966702 PMCID: PMC8710750 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.771118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is estimated that clinical evaluation and urinalysis are unable to diagnose >10% of urinary tract infections (UTI) in young children. TNF-related apoptosis induced ligand (TRAIL), interferon gamma induced protein-10 (IP-10), and C-reactive protein (CRP) exhibit differential expression in the blood in response to bacterial vs. viral infection. We assessed if the urinary and serum levels of these host biomarkers discriminate UTI, nephronia, and response to antibiotic treatment. Methods: Hospitalized febrile children aged <18 years with suspected UTI based on abnormal urinalysis were recruited prospectively between 2016 and 2018; also, non-febrile controls were recruited. Following urine culture results and hospitalization course, participants were divided into three groups based on AAP criteria and expert adjudication: UTI, viral infection, and indeterminate. Results: Seventy-three children were enrolled, 61 with suspected UTI and 12 non-febrile controls. Of the 61 with suspected UTI, 40 were adjudicated as UTI, 10 viral infection, and 11 as indeterminate. Urinary CRP and IP-10 levels were significantly higher in the UTI group (p ≤ 0.05). Urinary CRP differentiated UTI from non-bacterial etiology in children under and over 3 months of age, with AUCs 0.98 (95% CI: 0.93-1.00) and 0.82 (0.68-0.95), respectively. Similarly, urinary IP-10 discriminated with AUCs of 0.80 (0.59-1.00) and 0.90 (0.80-1.00), respectively. Serum CRP and IP-10 levels were significantly higher in UTI cases with nephronia (p ≤ 0.03). UTI-induced changes in the levels of urinary and serum biomarkers resolved during recovery. Conclusions: CRP, IP-10, and TRAIL represent biomarkers with potential to aid the clinician in diagnosis and management of UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Ashkenazi-Hoffnung
- Department of Day Hospitalization, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilat Livni
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Pediatrics A and B, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Oded Scheuerman
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Pediatrics A and B, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Itay Berger
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Pediatrics A and B, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yael Yuhas
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eva Berent
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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7
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Oved K, Eden E, Gottlieb TM. Unlocking the power of the host response to improve the management of infectious diseases. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:1257-1259. [PMID: 31849234 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kfir Oved
- MeMed, 5 Nahum Het Street, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eran Eden
- MeMed, 5 Nahum Het Street, Haifa, Israel
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8
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van Houten CB, Naaktgeboren CA, Ashkenazi-Hoffnung L, Ashkenazi S, Avis W, Chistyakov I, Corigliano T, Galetto A, Gangoiti I, Gervaix A, Glikman D, Ivaskeviciene I, Kuperman AA, Lacroix L, Loeffen Y, Luterbacher F, Meijssen CB, Mintegi S, Nasrallah B, Papan C, van Rossum AMC, Rudolph H, Stein M, Tal R, Tenenbaum T, Usonis V, de Waal W, Weichert S, Wildenbeest JG, de Winter-de Groot KM, Wolfs TFW, Mastboim N, Gottlieb TM, Cohen A, Oved K, Eden E, Feigin PD, Shani L, Bont LJ. Expert panel diagnosis demonstrated high reproducibility as reference standard in infectious diseases. J Clin Epidemiol 2019; 112:20-27. [PMID: 30930247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE If a gold standard is lacking in a diagnostic test accuracy study, expert diagnosis is frequently used as reference standard. However, interobserver and intraobserver agreements are imperfect. The aim of this study was to quantify the reproducibility of a panel diagnosis for pediatric infectious diseases. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Pediatricians from six countries adjudicated a diagnosis (i.e., bacterial infection, viral infection, or indeterminate) for febrile children. Diagnosis was reached when the majority of panel members came to the same diagnosis, leaving others inconclusive. We evaluated intraobserver and intrapanel agreement with 6 weeks and 3 years' time intervals. We calculated the proportion of inconclusive diagnosis for a three-, five-, and seven-expert panel. RESULTS For both time intervals (i.e., 6 weeks and 3 years), intrapanel agreement was higher (kappa 0.88, 95%CI: 0.81-0.94 and 0.80, 95%CI: NA) compared to intraobserver agreement (kappa 0.77, 95%CI: 0.71-0.83 and 0.65, 95%CI: 0.52-0.78). After expanding the three-expert panel to five or seven experts, the proportion of inconclusive diagnoses (11%) remained the same. CONCLUSION A panel consisting of three experts provides more reproducible diagnoses than an individual expert in children with lower respiratory tract infection or fever without source. Increasing the size of a panel beyond three experts has no major advantage for diagnosis reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal B van Houten
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christiana A Naaktgeboren
- Division Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liat Ashkenazi-Hoffnung
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Wim Avis
- Department of Pediatrics, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Irena Chistyakov
- Department of Pediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Teresa Corigliano
- Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Annick Galetto
- Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Iker Gangoiti
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Cruces University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alain Gervaix
- Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Glikman
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Padeh Poria Medical Center and the Azrieli faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Inga Ivaskeviciene
- Clinic of Children Diseases, Institute of Clinical medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Amir A Kuperman
- Blood Coagulation Service and Pediatric Hematology Clinic, Galilee Medical Centre, Nahariya, and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Laurence Lacroix
- Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yvette Loeffen
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fanny Luterbacher
- Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clemens B Meijssen
- Department of Pediatrics, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Santiago Mintegi
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Cruces University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Cihan Papan
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Henriette Rudolph
- Department of Pediatrics, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Stein
- Department of Pediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Roie Tal
- Department of Pediatrics, Galilee Medical Centre, Nahariya and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Tobias Tenenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Vytautas Usonis
- Clinic of Children Diseases, Institute of Clinical medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Wouter de Waal
- Department of Pediatrics, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Weichert
- Department of Pediatrics, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne G Wildenbeest
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom F W Wolfs
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul D Feigin
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Louis J Bont
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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9
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van Houten CB, Cohen A, Engelhard D, Hays JP, Karlsson R, Moore E, Fernández D, Kreisberg R, Collins LV, de Waal W, de Winter-de Groot KM, Wolfs TFW, Meijers P, Luijk B, Oosterheert JJ, Heijligenberg R, Sankatsing SUC, Bossink AWJ, Stubbs A, Stein M, Reisfeld S, Klein A, Rachmilevitch R, Ashkar J, Braverman I, Kartun V, Chistyakov I, Bamberger E, Srugo I, Odeh M, Schiff E, Dotan Y, Boico O, Navon R, Friedman T, Etshtein L, Paz M, Gottlieb TM, Pri-Or E, Kronenfeld G, Simon E, Oved K, Eden E, Bont LJ. Antibiotic misuse in respiratory tract infections in children and adults-a prospective, multicentre study (TAILORED Treatment). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:505-514. [PMID: 30707378 PMCID: PMC6394715 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-03454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are more commonly caused by viral pathogens in children than in adults. Surprisingly, little is known about antibiotic use in children as compared to adults with RTI. This prospective study aimed to determine antibiotic misuse in children and adults with RTI, using an expert panel reference standard, in order to prioritise the target age population for antibiotic stewardship interventions. We recruited children and adults who presented at the emergency department or were hospitalised with clinical presentation of RTI in The Netherlands and Israel. A panel of three experienced physicians adjudicated a reference standard diagnosis (i.e. bacterial or viral infection) for all the patients using all available clinical and laboratory information, including a 28-day follow-up assessment. The cohort included 284 children and 232 adults with RTI (median age, 1.3 years and 64.5 years, respectively). The proportion of viral infections was larger in children than in adults (209(74%) versus 89(38%), p < 0.001). In case of viral RTI, antibiotics were prescribed (i.e. overuse) less frequently in children than in adults (77/209 (37%) versus 74/89 (83%), p < 0.001). One (1%) child and three (2%) adults with bacterial infection were not treated with antibiotics (i.e. underuse); all were mild cases. This international, prospective study confirms major antibiotic overuse in patients with RTI. Viral infection is more common in children, but antibiotic overuse is more frequent in adults with viral RTI. Together, these findings support the need for effective interventions to decrease antibiotic overuse in RTI patients of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal B van Houten
- Division of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85090, Office KC.03.063.0, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dan Engelhard
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - John P Hays
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Edward Moore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Wouter de Waal
- Department of Paediatrics, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom F W Wolfs
- Division of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85090, Office KC.03.063.0, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Meijers
- Department of Paediatrics, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Luijk
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Jelrik Oosterheert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Heijligenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aik W J Bossink
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Stubbs
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Stein
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Sharon Reisfeld
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Adi Klein
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | | | - Jalal Ashkar
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Itzhak Braverman
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Valery Kartun
- Department of Paediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera, Israel
| | - Irena Chistyakov
- Department of Paediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ellen Bamberger
- Department of Paediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Isaac Srugo
- Department of Paediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Majed Odeh
- Department of Paediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elad Schiff
- Department of Paediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaniv Dotan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Louis J Bont
- Division of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85090, Office KC.03.063.0, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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10
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Ashkenazi-Hoffnung L, Oved K, Navon R, Friedman T, Boico O, Paz M, Kronenfeld G, Etshtein L, Cohen A, Gottlieb TM, Eden E, Chistyakov I, Srugo I, Klein A, Ashkenazi S, Scheuerman O. A host-protein signature is superior to other biomarkers for differentiating between bacterial and viral disease in patients with respiratory infection and fever without source: a prospective observational study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:1361-1371. [PMID: 29700762 PMCID: PMC6015097 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial and viral infections often present with similar symptoms. Etiologic misdiagnosis can alter the trajectory of patient care, including antibiotic overuse. A host-protein signature comprising tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (IP-10), and C-reactive protein (CRP) was validated recently for differentiating bacterial from viral disease. However, a focused head-to-head comparison of its diagnostic performance against other biomarker candidates for this indication was lacking in patients with respiratory infection and fever without source. We compared the signature to other biomarkers and prediction rules using specimens collected prospectively at two secondary medical centers from children and adults. Inclusion criteria included fever > 37.5 °C, symptom duration ≤ 12 days, and presentation with respiratory infection or fever without source. Comparator method was based on expert panel adjudication. Signature and biomarker cutoffs and prediction rules were predefined. Of 493 potentially eligible patients, 314 were assigned unanimous expert panel diagnosis and also had sufficient specimen volume. The resulting cohort comprised 175 (56%) viral and 139 (44%) bacterial infections. Signature sensitivity 93.5% (95% CI 89.1–97.9%), specificity 94.3% (95% CI 90.7–98.0%), or both were significantly higher (all p values < 0.01) than for CRP, procalcitonin, interleukin-6, human neutrophil lipocalin, white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, and prediction rules. Signature identified as viral 50/57 viral patients prescribed antibiotics, suggesting potential to reduce antibiotic overuse by 88%. The host-protein signature demonstrated superior diagnostic performance in differentiating viral from bacterial respiratory infections and fever without source. Future utility studies are warranted to validate potential to reduce antibiotic overuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Ashkenazi-Hoffnung
- Department of Pediatrics B, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Irina Chistyakov
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Pediatrics, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Isaac Srugo
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Pediatrics, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Adi Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Department of Pediatrics A, Schneider Children's Medical Center, 14 Kaplan Street, 49202, Petach Tikva, Israel.
| | - Oded Scheuerman
- Department of Pediatrics B, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Stein M, Lipman-Arens S, Oved K, Cohen A, Bamberger E, Navon R, Boico O, Friedman T, Etshtein L, Paz M, Gottlieb TM, Kriger O, Fonar Y, Pri-Or E, Yacobov R, Dotan Y, Hochberg A, Grupper M, Chistyakov I, Potasman I, Srugo I, Eden E, Klein A. A novel host-protein assay outperforms routine parameters for distinguishing between bacterial and viral lower respiratory tract infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 90:206-213. [PMID: 29273482 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial and viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are often clinically indistinguishable, leading to antibiotic overuse. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of a new assay that combines 3 host-biomarkers (TRAIL, IP-10, CRP) with parameters in routine use to distinguish bacterial from viral LRTIs. Study cohort included 184 potentially eligible pediatric and adult patients. Reference standard diagnosis was based on adjudication by an expert panel following comprehensive clinical and laboratory investigation (including respiratory PCRs). Experts were blinded to assay results and assay performers were blinded to reference standard outcomes. Evaluated cohort included 88 bacterial and 36 viral patients (23 did not fulfill inclusion criteria; 37 had indeterminate reference standard outcome). Assay distinguished bacterial from viral LRTI patients with sensitivity of 0.93±0.06 and specificity of 0.91±0.09, outperforming routine parameters, including WBC, CRP and chest x-ray signs. These findings support the assay's potential to help clinicians avoid missing bacterial LRTIs or overusing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Stein
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel.
| | | | - Kfir Oved
- MeMed Diagnostics, Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | - Asi Cohen
- MeMed Diagnostics, Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | - Ellen Bamberger
- MeMed Diagnostics, Tirat Carmel, Israel; Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roy Navon
- MeMed Diagnostics, Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | | | - Tom Friedman
- MeMed Diagnostics, Tirat Carmel, Israel; Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Or Kriger
- Department of Pediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Yura Fonar
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Renata Yacobov
- Department of Pediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Yaniv Dotan
- Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amit Hochberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Moti Grupper
- Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Irina Chistyakov
- Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Israel Potasman
- Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Isaac Srugo
- Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eran Eden
- MeMed Diagnostics, Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | - Adi Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
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12
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Srugo I, Klein A, Stein M, Golan-Shany O, Kerem N, Chistyakov I, Genizi J, Glazer O, Yaniv L, German A, Miron D, Shachor-Meyouhas Y, Bamberger E, Oved K, Gottlieb TM, Navon R, Paz M, Etshtein L, Boico O, Kronenfeld G, Eden E, Cohen R, Chappuy H, Angoulvant F, Lacroix L, Gervaix A. Validation of a Novel Assay to Distinguish Bacterial and Viral Infections. Pediatrics 2017; 140:peds.2016-3453. [PMID: 28904072 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliably distinguishing bacterial from viral infections is often challenging, leading to antibiotic misuse. A novel assay that integrates measurements of blood-borne host-proteins (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, interferon γ-induced protein-10, and C-reactive protein [CRP]) was developed to assist in differentiation between bacterial and viral disease. METHODS We performed double-blind, multicenter assay evaluation using serum remnants collected at 5 pediatric emergency departments and 2 wards from children ≥3 months to ≤18 years without (n = 68) and with (n = 529) suspicion of acute infection. Infectious cohort inclusion criteria were fever ≥38°C and symptom duration ≤7 days. The reference standard diagnosis was based on predetermined criteria plus adjudication by experts blinded to assay results. Assay performers were blinded to the reference standard. Assay cutoffs were predefined. RESULTS Of 529 potentially eligible patients with suspected acute infection, 100 did not fulfill infectious inclusion criteria and 68 had insufficient serum. The resulting cohort included 361 patients, with 239 viral, 68 bacterial, and 54 indeterminate reference standard diagnoses. The assay distinguished between bacterial and viral patients with 93.8% sensitivity (95% confidence interval: 87.8%-99.8%) and 89.8% specificity (85.6%-94.0%); 11.7% had an equivocal assay outcome. The assay outperformed CRP (cutoff 40 mg/L; sensitivity 88.2% [80.4%-96.1%], specificity 73.2% [67.6%-78.9%]) and procalcitonin testing (cutoff 0.5 ng/mL; sensitivity 63.1% [51.0%-75.1%], specificity 82.3% [77.1%-87.5%]). CONCLUSIONS Double-blinded evaluation confirmed high assay performance in febrile children. Assay was significantly more accurate than CRP, procalcitonin, and routine laboratory parameters. Additional studies are warranted to support its potential to improve antimicrobial treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Srugo
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; .,Department of Pediatrics, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Michal Stein
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Orit Golan-Shany
- Department of Pediatrics, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nogah Kerem
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Pediatrics, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Irina Chistyakov
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Pediatrics, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jacob Genizi
- Department of Pediatrics, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Oded Glazer
- Department of Pediatrics, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Liat Yaniv
- Department of Pediatrics, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alina German
- Department of Pediatrics, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dan Miron
- Pediatric Disease Service, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Yael Shachor-Meyouhas
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ellen Bamberger
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Pediatrics, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.,MeMed, Tirat Carmel, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert Cohen
- Clinical Research Center, Centre Intercommunal de Creteil, Creteil, France
| | - Helène Chappuy
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - François Angoulvant
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; and
| | - Laurence Lacroix
- Pediatric Emergency Division, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alain Gervaix
- Pediatric Emergency Division, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Abstract
Since Darwin, there has been a long and arduous struggle to understand the source and maintenance of natural genetic variation and its relationship to phenotype. The reason that this task is so difficult is that it requires integration of detailed, and as yet incomplete, knowledge from several biological disciplines, including evolutionary, population, and developmental genetics. In this 'post-genomic' era, it is relatively easy to identify differences in the DNA sequence between individuals. However, the task remains to delineate how this abundant genetic diversity actually contributes to phenotypic diversity. This necessitates tackling the problem of hidden genetic variation. Genetic polymorphisms can be conditionally cryptic, but have the potential to contribute to phenotypic variation in particular genetic backgrounds or under specific environmental conditions. A recent paper by Lauter and Doebley highlights the contribution of hidden genetic variation to traits characterizing the morphological evolution of modern maize from its wild grass-like progenitor teosinte.1 This work is the first to demonstrate hidden variance for selected (agronomically 'adaptive') traits in a well-characterized model for morphological evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M Gottlieb
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle 98109-1024, USA
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14
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Gottlieb TM, Leal JFM, Seger R, Taya Y, Oren M. Cross-talk between Akt, p53 and Mdm2: possible implications for the regulation of apoptosis. Oncogene 2002; 21:1299-303. [PMID: 11850850 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2001] [Revised: 11/05/2001] [Accepted: 11/13/2001] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein and the Akt/PKB kinase play important roles in the transduction of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals, respectively. We provide evidence that conflicting signals transduced by Akt and p53 are integrated via negative feedback between the two pathways. On the one hand, the combination of ionizing radiation and survival factor deprivation, which leads to rapid apoptosis of IL-3 dependent DA-1 cells, entails a caspase- and p53-dependent destruction of Akt. This destruction of Akt is not a secondary consequence of apoptosis, since it is not seen when the same cells are triggered to undergo apoptosis under different conditions. On the other hand upon serum stimulation, when Akt becomes active and enhances cell survival, phosphorylation occurs at an Akt consensus site (serine 166) within the Mdm2 protein, a key regulator of p53 function. Taken together, our findings suggest that depending on the balance of signals, p53-dependent downregulation of Akt may promote an irreversible commitment to apoptotic cell death, whereas effective recruitment of Akt by appropriate survival signals may lead to activation of Mdm2, inactivation of p53, and eventually inhibition of p53-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M Gottlieb
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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15
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Abstract
One of the several biological functions attributed to p53 is the ability to induce apoptotic cell suicide. It has become clear that this apoptotic activity of p53 is central to its role as a tumor suppressor. A summary of current knowledge concerning the mechanisms of p53-mediated apoptosis is presented. The pivotal 'choice' between p53-induced viable growth arrest and apoptosis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Gottlieb
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Gottlieb
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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17
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Finnie NJ, Gottlieb TM, Blunt T, Jeggo PA, Jackson SP. DNA-dependent protein kinase defects are linked to deficiencies in DNA repair and V(D)J recombination. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1996; 351:173-9. [PMID: 8650264 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1996.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase is a nuclear serine/threonine kinase whose catalytic properties are expressed only when the enzyme is bound to DNA ends or other discontinuities in the DNA. DNA-PK comprises two components: one mediates binding to DNA and corresponds to the heterodimeric human autoimmune antigen Ku; the other, DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), is a polypeptide of approximately 450 kDa. DNA-PK deficiencies are associated with certain mutant rodent cell lines that display defects in DNA double strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. Specifically, hamster xrs-6 cells lack Ku function, whereas murine scid and hamster V3 cells lack functional DNA-PKcs. Furthermore, the phenotypes of xrs-6 and V3 cells can be corrected by the expression of the genes encoding the 80 kDa component of Ku or DNA-PKcs, respectively. These results imply that DNA-PK is an important component of the DNA double strand break repair/recombination apparatus. Possible roles for DNA-PK in these processes are discussed.
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18
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Abstract
Inactivation of the TATA-binding protein-containing complex TFIIIB contributes to the mitotic repression of RNA polymerase III transcription, both in frogs and in humans (J. M. Gottesfeld, V. J. Wolf, T. Dang, D. J. Forbes, and P. Hartl, Science 263:81-84, 1994; R. J. White, T. M. Gottlieb, C. S. Downes, and S. P. Jackson, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:1983-1992, 1995). Using extracts of synchronized proliferating HeLa cells, we show that TFIIIB activity remains low during the early part of G1 phase and increases only gradually as cells approach S phase. As a result, the transcription of all class III genes tested is significantly less active in early G1 than it is in S or G2 phase, both in vitro and in vivo. The increased activity of TFIIIB as cells progress through interphase appears to be due to changes in the TATA-binding protein-associated components of this complex. The data suggest that TFIIIB is an important target for the cell cycle regulation of RNA polymerase III transcription during both mitosis and interphase of actively proliferating HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J White
- Wellcome/CRC Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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19
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Abstract
The mitotic state is associated with a generalized repression of transcription. We show that mitotic repression of RNA polymerase III transcription can be reproduced by using extracts of synchronized HeLa cells. We have used this system to investigate the molecular basis of transcriptional repression during mitosis. We find a specific decrease in the activity of the TATA-binding-protein (TBP)-containing complex TFIIIB. TBP itself is hyperphosphorylated at mitosis, but this does not appear to account for the loss of TFIIIB activity. Instead, one or more TBP-associated components appear to be regulated. The data suggest that changes in the activity of TBP-associated components contribute to the coordinate repression of gene expression that occurs at mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J White
- Wellcome/CRC Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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20
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Blunt T, Finnie NJ, Taccioli GE, Smith GC, Demengeot J, Gottlieb TM, Mizuta R, Varghese AJ, Alt FW, Jeggo PA, Jackson SP. Defective DNA-dependent protein kinase activity is linked to V(D)J recombination and DNA repair defects associated with the murine scid mutation. Cell 1995; 80:813-23. [PMID: 7889575 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 640] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Murine cells homozygous for the severe combined immune deficiency mutation (scid) and V3 mutant hamster cells fall into the same complementation group and show similar defects in V(D)J recombination and DNA double-stranded break repair. Here we show that both cell types lack DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) activity owing to defects in DNA-PKcs, the catalytic subunit of this enzyme. Furthermore, we demonstrate that yeast artificial chromosomes containing the DNA-PKcs gene complement both the DNA repair and recombination deficiencies of V3 cells, and we conclude that DNA-PKcs is encoded by the XRCC7 gene. As DNA-PK binds to DNA ends and is activated by these structures, our findings provide novel insights into V(D)J recombination and DNA repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Blunt
- Wellcome/Cancer Research Campaign Institute, Cambridge University, England
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21
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Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) comprises a catalytic subunit of approximately 350 kD (p350) and a DNA-binding component termed Ku. Although DNA-PK can phosphorylate many transcription factors, no function for this enzyme in transcription has been reported thus far. Here, we show that DNA-PK strongly represses transcription by RNA polymerase I (Pol I). Transcriptional repression by DNA-PK requires ATP hydrolysis, and DNA-PK must be colocalized on the same DNA molecule as the Pol I transcription machinery. Consistent with DNA-PK requiring DNA ends for activity, transcriptional inhibition only occurs effectively on linearized templates. Mechanistic studies including single-round transcriptions, abortive initiation assays, and factor-independent transcription on a tailed template demonstrate that DNA-PK inhibits initiation (i.e., the formation of the first phosphodiester bonds) but does not affect transcription elongation. Repression of transcription involves phosphorylation of the transcription initiation complex, and rescue experiments reveal that the inactivated factor remains bound to the promoter and thus prevents initiation complex formation. We discuss the possible relevance of these findings in regard to the control of rRNA synthesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kuhn
- German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg
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22
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Finnie NJ, Gottlieb TM, Blunt T, Jeggo PA, Jackson SP. DNA-dependent protein kinase activity is absent in xrs-6 cells: implications for site-specific recombination and DNA double-strand break repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:320-4. [PMID: 7816841 PMCID: PMC42870 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.1.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a nuclear serine/threonine protein kinase composed of a catalytic subunit called p350 and a DNA binding component termed Ku. Ku consists of two tightly associated polypeptides of approximately 70 kDa and 80 kDa (Ku80). An intriguing feature of DNA-PK is that it binds to DNA ends and other discontinuities in DNA and requires these structures for its activation. This suggests that DNA-PK may function in DNA repair and/or recombination. Consistent with this, Ku DNA binding activity was shown recently to be absent in extracts of hamster xrs-6 cells, which are defective in DNA double-strand (ds) break repair and V(D)J recombination. Furthermore, xrs-6 cells are complemented by expression of the Ku80 cDNA. To date, DNA-PK activity has been demonstrated unequivocally only in extracts of primate cells. Here, we describe an assay that can detect DNA-PK activity in extracts of mouse, hamster, Xenopus, and Drosophila cells. Using this assay, we find that xrs-6 cells completely lack DNA-PK activity. By contrast, xrs-6 derivatives complemented by human chromosome fragments bearing the Ku80 gene have restored both the DNA end binding and kinase activities associated with DNA-PK. Finally, we show that xrs-6 extracts are complemented biochemically by purified Ku. Our findings indicate that the xrs-6 defects are direct consequences of the mutation in Ku80 and implicate DNA-PK in recombination and DNA repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Finnie
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research Campaign Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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23
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Abstract
Failure to remove DNA damage is potentially lethal. Eukaryotic cells have therefore devised highly effective ways of detecting and repairing DNA lesions. Recent evidence indicates that protein kinases play essential roles in recognizing DNA damage and in transducing DNA damage signals to bring about changes in cellular metabolism that facilitate DNA repair.
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24
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Taccioli GE, Gottlieb TM, Blunt T, Priestley A, Demengeot J, Mizuta R, Lehmann AR, Alt FW, Jackson SP, Jeggo PA. Ku80: product of the XRCC5 gene and its role in DNA repair and V(D)J recombination. Science 1994; 265:1442-5. [PMID: 8073286 DOI: 10.1126/science.8073286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 504] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The radiosensitive mutant xrs-6, derived from Chinese hamster ovary cells, is defective in DNA double-strand break repair and in ability to undergo V(D)J recombination. The human XRCC5 DNA repair gene, which complements this mutant, is shown here through genetic and biochemical evidence to be the 80-kilodalton subunit of the Ku protein. Ku binds to free double-stranded DNA ends and is the DNA-binding component of the DNA-dependent protein kinase. Thus, the Ku protein is involved in DNA repair and in V(D)J recombination, and these results may also indicate a role for the Ku-DNA-dependent protein kinase complex in those same processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Taccioli
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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25
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Bannister AJ, Gottlieb TM, Kouzarides T, Jackson SP. c-Jun is phosphorylated by the DNA-dependent protein kinase in vitro; definition of the minimal kinase recognition motif. Nucleic Acids Res 1993; 21:1289-95. [PMID: 8464713 PMCID: PMC309295 DOI: 10.1093/nar/21.5.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) phosphorylates a number of transcription factors. Here, we show that the DNA-PK modifies c-Jun in vitro and that serine residue 249 (Ser-249) is required for phosphorylation to occur. This residue corresponds to one of three sites of c-Jun that are phosphorylated in vivo and which negatively regulate c-Jun DNA binding in vitro. However, we find that phosphorylation of c-Jun by the DNA-PK does not interfere with DNA binding, indicating that phosphorylation at other sites is required for this effect. Mutagenesis of the phosphorylated region of c-Jun reveals that the primary amino acid sequence recognised by the DNA-PK consists of the sequence Ser-Gln, and that adjacent acidic residues potentiate kinase activity. Furthermore, when this site is placed within the context of a second protein, it confers DNA-PK directed phosphorylation upon that protein. Our findings will facilitate identification of DNA-PK phosphorylation sites in other transcription factors.
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26
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Abstract
The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) phosphorylates Sp1 and several other nuclear proteins. Here, we show that Sp1 and the DNA-PK must be colocalized on the same DNA molecule for efficient phosphorylation to occur. Interestingly, we find that the DNA-PK binds to and is activated by the ends of DNA molecules. Furthermore, we show that the DNA binding properties of the DNA-PK are identical to those of Ku, a well-characterized human autoimmune antigen. We demonstrate that the DNA-PK can be fractionated into two components, one of which is Ku and the other of which is a polypeptide of approximately 350 kd. DNA cross-linking and coimmunoprecipitation studies indicate that the catalytic 350 kd DNA-PK component is directed to DNA by protein-protein interactions with Ku. The implications of the unusual DNA binding mode and multicomponent nature of the DNA-PK are discussed.
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