1
|
Tangye SG, Mackie J, Pathmanandavel K, Ma CS. The trajectory of human B-cell function, immune deficiency, and allergy revealed by inborn errors of immunity. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:212-232. [PMID: 37983844 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The essential role of B cells is to produce protective immunoglobulins (Ig) that recognize, neutralize, and clear invading pathogens. This results from the integration of signals provided by pathogens or vaccines and the stimulatory microenvironment within sites of immune activation, such as secondary lymphoid tissues, that drive mature B cells to differentiate into memory B cells and antibody (Ab)-secreting plasma cells. In this context, B cells undergo several molecular events including Ig class switching and somatic hypermutation that results in the production of high-affinity Ag-specific Abs of different classes, enabling effective pathogen neutralization and long-lived humoral immunity. However, perturbations to these key signaling pathways underpin immune dyscrasias including immune deficiency and autoimmunity or allergy. Inborn errors of immunity that disrupt critical immune pathways have identified non-redundant requirements for eliciting and maintaining humoral immune memory but concomitantly prevent immune dysregulation. Here, we will discuss our studies on human B cells, and how our investigation of cytokine signaling in B cells have identified fundamental requirements for memory B-cell formation, Ab production as well as regulating Ig class switching in the context of protective versus allergic immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph Mackie
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karrnan Pathmanandavel
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mina ED, Jackson KJL, Crawford AJI, Faulks ML, Pathmanandavel K, Acquarola N, O'Sullivan M, Kerre T, Naesens L, Claes K, Goodnow CC, Haerynck F, Kracker S, Meyts I, D'Orsogna LJ, Ma CS, Tangye SG. A Novel Heterozygous Variant in AICDA Impairs Ig Class Switching and Somatic Hypermutation in Human B Cells and is Associated with Autosomal Dominant HIGM2 Syndrome. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:66. [PMID: 38363477 PMCID: PMC10873450 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
B cells and their secreted antibodies are fundamental for host-defense against pathogens. The generation of high-affinity class switched antibodies results from both somatic hypermutation (SHM) of the immunoglobulin (Ig) variable region genes of the B-cell receptor and class switch recombination (CSR) which alters the Ig heavy chain constant region. Both of these processes are initiated by the enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), encoded by AICDA. Deleterious variants in AICDA are causal of hyper-IgM syndrome type 2 (HIGM2), a B-cell intrinsic primary immunodeficiency characterised by recurrent infections and low serum IgG and IgA levels. Biallelic variants affecting exons 2, 3 or 4 of AICDA have been identified that impair both CSR and SHM in patients with autosomal recessive HIGM2. Interestingly, B cells from patients with autosomal dominant HIGM2, caused by heterozygous variants (V186X, R190X) located in AICDA exon 5 encoding the nuclear export signal (NES) domain, show abolished CSR but variable SHM. We herein report the immunological and functional phenotype of two related patients presenting with common variable immunodeficiency who were found to have a novel heterozygous variant in AICDA (L189X). This variant led to a truncated AID protein lacking the last 10 amino acids of the NES at the C-terminal domain. Interestingly, patients' B cells carrying the L189X variant exhibited not only greatly impaired CSR but also SHM in vivo, as well as CSR and production of IgG and IgA in vitro. Our findings demonstrate that the NES domain of AID can be essential for SHM, as well as for CSR, thereby refining the correlation between AICDA genotype and SHM phenotype as well as broadening our understanding of the pathophysiology of HIGM disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Della Mina
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine J L Jackson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Alexander J I Crawford
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Megan L Faulks
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Karrnan Pathmanandavel
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicolino Acquarola
- Department of Clinical Immunology and PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Michael O'Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Immunology and PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tessa Kerre
- Department of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent (CPIG), Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Center, ERN Rita Network Center, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leslie Naesens
- Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent (CPIG), Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Center, ERN Rita Network Center, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Primary Immunodeficiency Research Lab, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karlien Claes
- Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent (CPIG), Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Center, ERN Rita Network Center, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Primary Immunodeficiency Research Lab, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christopher C Goodnow
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Filomeen Haerynck
- Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent (CPIG), Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Center, ERN Rita Network Center, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Primary Immunodeficiency Research Lab, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Kracker
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, 75015, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Pediatric Immunodeficiency, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Lloyd J D'Orsogna
- Department of Clinical Immunology and PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pathmanandavel K, Wong M, Williams E, Stormon M, Nogajski R, Williams A. Opportunistic coeliac disease screening in undifferentiated presentations to paediatric acute care. J Paediatr Child Health 2023. [PMID: 37246758 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM Coeliac disease (CD) can remain undiagnosed due to absent/atypical symptoms. We evaluated screening for CD in undifferentiated paediatric patients in the emergency department (ED). METHODS Subjects were all patients presenting to a children's hospital ED during the study period who had blood taken. Plasma remaining after routine care was tested for tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTG IgA) and deamidated gliadin IgG (DGP IgG) antibodies. Patients with positive results were counselled and offered confirmatory testing, then gastroenterology review if warranted. RESULTS An initial positive result for either DGP IgG or tTG IgA was found in 4.2% (44/1055). There was a normalisation of 76% (19/25) of positive DGP IgG and 44% (4/9) of tTG IgA results on repeat testing, which was not available in 27% (12/44). The prevalence of biopsy-confirmed CD was 0.7% (7/1055), including two new diagnoses and five subjects with known CD. Three likely cases could not be confirmed. All confirmed and likely cases were >10 years old. In children >10 years old, the prevalence of either biopsy-confirmed or likely CD was 3.3% (10/302). A family history of CD, growth concerns, recurrent abdominal pain and lethargy were associated with persistence of positive tests. CONCLUSION Opportunistic testing for CD in ED requires further investigation as a CD screening strategy. Our results suggest optimal screening in this setting should be by initially testing for tTG IgA and total IgA in children >10 years old (minimising transiently positive tests). Transiently positive coeliac antibodies may also warrant further investigation as a predictor of future CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karrnan Pathmanandavel
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melanie Wong
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Williams
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Stormon
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Nogajski
- Emergency Department, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Williams
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tangye SG, Pathmanandavel K, Ma CS. Cytokine-mediated STAT-dependent pathways underpinning human B-cell differentiation and function. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 81:102286. [PMID: 36764056 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
B cells are fundamental to host defence against infectious diseases; indeed, the ability of humans to elicit robust antibody responses following exposure to foreign antigens underpins long-lived humoral immunity and serological memory, as well as the success of most currently administered vaccines. However, B cells also have a dark side - they can cause myriad diseases, including autoimmunity, atopy, allergy and malignancy. Thus, it is critical to understand the molecular requirements for generating effective, high-affinity, specific immune responses following natural infection or vaccination, as well as for constraining B-cell function to mitigate B-cell-mediated immune dyscrasias. In this review, we discuss recent developments that have been derived from the identification and detailed analysis of individuals with inborn errors of immunity that disrupt cytokine signalling, resulting in immune dysregulatory conditions. These studies have defined fundamental cytokine/cytokine receptor/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathways that are critical for the generation and maintenance of human memory B-cell and plasma cell subsets during host defence, as well as revealed mechanisms of disease pathogenesis causing immune deficiency, autoimmunity and atopy. More importantly, these studies have identified molecules that could be targeted to either enhance humoral immunity in the settings of infection or vaccination, or attenuate humoral immunity that contributes to antibody-mediated autoimmunity or allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; CIRCA (Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium of Australasia), Australia.
| | - Karrnan Pathmanandavel
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; CIRCA (Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium of Australasia), Australia
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; CIRCA (Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium of Australasia), Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pathmanandavel K, Gupta S, Dutt S, Wong M, Williams A. Unusual presentation of coeliac disease with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:1321-1322. [PMID: 33349969 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karrnan Pathmanandavel
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sachin Gupta
- The T.Y. Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shoma Dutt
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melanie Wong
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Williams
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McDonald MM, Khoo WH, Ng PY, Xiao Y, Zamerli J, Thatcher P, Kyaw W, Pathmanandavel K, Grootveld AK, Moran I, Butt D, Nguyen A, Corr A, Warren S, Biro M, Butterfield NC, Guilfoyle SE, Komla-Ebri D, Dack MR, Dewhurst HF, Logan JG, Li Y, Mohanty ST, Byrne N, Terry RL, Simic MK, Chai R, Quinn JM, Youlten SE, Pettitt JA, Abi-Hanna D, Jain R, Weninger W, Lundberg M, Sun S, Ebetino FH, Timpson P, Lee WM, Baldock PA, Rogers MJ, Brink R, Williams GR, Bassett JD, Kemp JP, Pavlos NJ, Croucher PI, Phan TG. Osteoclasts recycle via osteomorphs during RANKL-stimulated bone resorption. Cell 2021; 184:1940. [PMID: 33798441 PMCID: PMC8024244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
McDonald MM, Khoo WH, Ng PY, Xiao Y, Zamerli J, Thatcher P, Kyaw W, Pathmanandavel K, Grootveld AK, Moran I, Butt D, Nguyen A, Corr A, Warren S, Biro M, Butterfield NC, Guilfoyle SE, Komla-Ebri D, Dack MRG, Dewhurst HF, Logan JG, Li Y, Mohanty ST, Byrne N, Terry RL, Simic MK, Chai R, Quinn JMW, Youlten SE, Pettitt JA, Abi-Hanna D, Jain R, Weninger W, Lundberg M, Sun S, Ebetino FH, Timpson P, Lee WM, Baldock PA, Rogers MJ, Brink R, Williams GR, Bassett JHD, Kemp JP, Pavlos NJ, Croucher PI, Phan TG. Osteoclasts recycle via osteomorphs during RANKL-stimulated bone resorption. Cell 2021; 184:1330-1347.e13. [PMID: 33636130 PMCID: PMC7938889 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are large multinucleated bone-resorbing cells formed by the fusion of monocyte/macrophage-derived precursors that are thought to undergo apoptosis once resorption is complete. Here, by intravital imaging, we reveal that RANKL-stimulated osteoclasts have an alternative cell fate in which they fission into daughter cells called osteomorphs. Inhibiting RANKL blocked this cellular recycling and resulted in osteomorph accumulation. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that osteomorphs are transcriptionally distinct from osteoclasts and macrophages and express a number of non-canonical osteoclast genes that are associated with structural and functional bone phenotypes when deleted in mice. Furthermore, genetic variation in human orthologs of osteomorph genes causes monogenic skeletal disorders and associates with bone mineral density, a polygenetic skeletal trait. Thus, osteoclasts recycle via osteomorphs, a cell type involved in the regulation of bone resorption that may be targeted for the treatment of skeletal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M McDonald
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Weng Hua Khoo
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pei Ying Ng
- Bone Biology & Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ya Xiao
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jad Zamerli
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Thatcher
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wunna Kyaw
- Immunology Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Abigail K Grootveld
- Immunology Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Imogen Moran
- Immunology Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danyal Butt
- Immunology Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Akira Nguyen
- Immunology Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander Corr
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean Warren
- Cancer, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie C Butterfield
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Siobhan E Guilfoyle
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Davide Komla-Ebri
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael R G Dack
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah F Dewhurst
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John G Logan
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yongxiao Li
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sindhu T Mohanty
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Niall Byrne
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael L Terry
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marija K Simic
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan Chai
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julian M W Quinn
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott E Youlten
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica A Pettitt
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Abi-Hanna
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rohit Jain
- Immune Imaging Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Immune Imaging Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mischa Lundberg
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Transformational Bioinformatics, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Woei Ming Lee
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael J Rogers
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Immunology Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Graham R Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J H Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John P Kemp
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nathan J Pavlos
- Bone Biology & Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Healthy Ageing Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Immunology Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pathmanandavel K, Kaur N, Joshi P, Ford LS. Anaphylaxis and allergy to coconut: An Australian pediatric case series. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020; 8:3657-3659. [PMID: 32659388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karrnan Pathmanandavel
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Narinder Kaur
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Child Health Program, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Preeti Joshi
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lara S Ford
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ramanathan S, Reddel SW, Henderson A, Parratt JDE, Barnett M, Gatt PN, Merheb V, Kumaran RYA, Pathmanandavel K, Sinmaz N, Ghadiri M, Yiannikas C, Vucic S, Stewart G, Bleasel AF, Booth D, Fung VSC, Dale RC, Brilot F. Antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in bilateral and recurrent optic neuritis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2014; 1:e40. [PMID: 25364774 PMCID: PMC4215392 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We examined a cohort of adults with aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody–negative neuromyelitis optica/neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMO/NMOSD) for antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Methods: We performed a flow cytometry cell-based assay using live human lentivirus–transduced cells expressing full-length surface MOG. Serum was tested in 23 AQP4 antibody–negative NMO/NMOSD patients with bilateral and/or recurrent optic neuritis (BON, n = 11), longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM, n = 10), and sequential BON and LETM (n = 2), as well as in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS, n = 76) and controls (n = 52). Results: MOG antibodies were detected in 9/23 AQP4 antibody–negative patients with NMO/NMOSD, compared to 1/76 patients with MS and 0/52 controls (p < 0.001). MOG antibodies were detected in 8/11 patients with BON, 0/10 patients with LETM, and 1/2 patients with sequential BON and LETM. Six of 9 MOG antibody–positive patients had a relapsing course. MOG antibody–positive patients had prominent optic disc swelling and were more likely to have a rapid response to steroid therapy and relapse on steroid cessation than MOG antibody–negative patients (p = 0.034 and p = 0.029, respectively). While 8/9 MOG antibody–positive patients had good follow-up visual acuity, one experienced sustained visual impairment, 3 had retinal nerve fiber layer thinning, and one had residual spinal disability. Conclusions: MOG antibodies have a strong association with BON and may be a useful clinical biomarker. MOG antibody–associated BON is a relapsing disorder that is frequently steroid responsive and often steroid dependent. Failure to recognize the disorder early and institute immunotherapy promptly may be associated with sustained impairment. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class II evidence that MOG antibodies are associated with AQP4 antibody–negative BON (sensitivity 69%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 42%–87%; specificity 99%, 95% CI 93.7%–99.8%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vera Merheb
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | | | | | - Nese Sinmaz
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Mahtab Ghadiri
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Con Yiannikas
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Steve Vucic
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Graeme Stewart
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | | | - David Booth
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | | | - Russell C Dale
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dale RC, Tantsis EM, Merheb V, Kumaran RYA, Sinmaz N, Pathmanandavel K, Ramanathan S, Booth DR, Wienholt LA, Prelog K, Clark DR, Guillemin GJ, Lim CK, Mathey EK, Brilot F. Antibodies to Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein have a demyelination phenotype in children and affect oligodendrocyte cytoskeleton. J Neuroimmunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Dale RC, Tantsis EM, Merheb V, Kumaran RYA, Sinmaz N, Pathmanandavel K, Ramanathan S, Booth DR, Wienholt LA, Prelog K, Clark DR, Guillemin GJ, Lim CK, Mathey EK, Brilot F. Antibodies to MOG have a demyelination phenotype and affect oligodendrocyte cytoskeleton. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2014; 1:e12. [PMID: 25340056 PMCID: PMC4202678 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the clinical features of pediatric CNS demyelination associated with positive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies and to examine the functional effects of MOG antibody on oligodendrocyte cytoskeleton. METHODS We measured MOG antibody using a fluorescence-activated cell sorting live cell-based assay in acute sera of 73 children with CNS demyelination (DEM) (median age 8 years, range 1.3-15.3) followed for a median of 4 years. We used MO3.13 cells to examine immunoglobulin (Ig) G effects on oligodendrocyte cytoskeleton using 3D deconvolution imaging. RESULTS MOG antibodies were found in 31/73 patients with DEM (42%) but in 0/24 controls. At first presentation, MOG antibody-positive patients were more likely to have bilateral than unilateral optic neuritis (ON) (9/10 vs 1/5, respectively, p = 0.03), less likely to have brainstem findings (2/31 vs 16/42, p = 0.005), more likely to have a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate >20 mm/h (9/19 vs 3/21, p = 0.05), less likely to have intrathecal oligoclonal bands (0/16 vs 5/27, p = 0.18), and less likely to be homozygous or heterozygous for human leukocyte antigen DRB1*1501 (3/18 vs 7/22, p = 0.46). MOG antibody positivity varied according to clinical phenotype, with ON and relapsing ON most likely to be seropositive. Two relapsing MOG antibody-positive patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil remain in remission and have become MOG antibody seronegative. Oligodendrocytes incubated with purified IgG from MOG antibody-positive patients showed a striking loss of organization of the thin filaments and the microtubule cytoskeleton, as evidenced by F-actin and β-tubulin immunolabelings. CONCLUSIONS MOG antibody may define a separate demyelination syndrome, which has therapeutic implications. MOG antibody has functional effects on oligodendrocyte cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell C Dale
- Neuroimmunology Group (R.C.D., E.M.T., V.M., R.-Y.A.K., N.S., K. Pathmanandavel, S.R., F.B.), Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research (D.R.B.), Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Clinical Immunology (L.A.W.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Medical School Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Radiology (K. Prelog), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia; Department of Paediatric Neurology (D.R.C.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia; Neuroinflammation Group (G.J.G., C.K.L.), MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, North Ryde, Australia; and Neuroinflammation Group (E.K.M.), Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Esther M Tantsis
- Neuroimmunology Group (R.C.D., E.M.T., V.M., R.-Y.A.K., N.S., K. Pathmanandavel, S.R., F.B.), Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research (D.R.B.), Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Clinical Immunology (L.A.W.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Medical School Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Radiology (K. Prelog), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia; Department of Paediatric Neurology (D.R.C.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia; Neuroinflammation Group (G.J.G., C.K.L.), MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, North Ryde, Australia; and Neuroinflammation Group (E.K.M.), Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Vera Merheb
- Neuroimmunology Group (R.C.D., E.M.T., V.M., R.-Y.A.K., N.S., K. Pathmanandavel, S.R., F.B.), Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research (D.R.B.), Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Clinical Immunology (L.A.W.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Medical School Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Radiology (K. Prelog), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia; Department of Paediatric Neurology (D.R.C.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia; Neuroinflammation Group (G.J.G., C.K.L.), MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, North Ryde, Australia; and Neuroinflammation Group (E.K.M.), Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Raani-Yogeeta A Kumaran
- Neuroimmunology Group (R.C.D., E.M.T., V.M., R.-Y.A.K., N.S., K. Pathmanandavel, S.R., F.B.), Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research (D.R.B.), Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Clinical Immunology (L.A.W.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Medical School Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Radiology (K. Prelog), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia; Department of Paediatric Neurology (D.R.C.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia; Neuroinflammation Group (G.J.G., C.K.L.), MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, North Ryde, Australia; and Neuroinflammation Group (E.K.M.), Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Nese Sinmaz
- Neuroimmunology Group (R.C.D., E.M.T., V.M., R.-Y.A.K., N.S., K. Pathmanandavel, S.R., F.B.), Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research (D.R.B.), Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Clinical Immunology (L.A.W.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Medical School Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Radiology (K. Prelog), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia; Department of Paediatric Neurology (D.R.C.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia; Neuroinflammation Group (G.J.G., C.K.L.), MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, North Ryde, Australia; and Neuroinflammation Group (E.K.M.), Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Karrnan Pathmanandavel
- Neuroimmunology Group (R.C.D., E.M.T., V.M., R.-Y.A.K., N.S., K. Pathmanandavel, S.R., F.B.), Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research (D.R.B.), Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Clinical Immunology (L.A.W.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Medical School Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Radiology (K. Prelog), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia; Department of Paediatric Neurology (D.R.C.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia; Neuroinflammation Group (G.J.G., C.K.L.), MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, North Ryde, Australia; and Neuroinflammation Group (E.K.M.), Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Sudarshini Ramanathan
- Neuroimmunology Group (R.C.D., E.M.T., V.M., R.-Y.A.K., N.S., K. Pathmanandavel, S.R., F.B.), Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research (D.R.B.), Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Clinical Immunology (L.A.W.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Medical School Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Radiology (K. Prelog), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia; Department of Paediatric Neurology (D.R.C.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia; Neuroinflammation Group (G.J.G., C.K.L.), MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, North Ryde, Australia; and Neuroinflammation Group (E.K.M.), Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - David R Booth
- Neuroimmunology Group (R.C.D., E.M.T., V.M., R.-Y.A.K., N.S., K. Pathmanandavel, S.R., F.B.), Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research (D.R.B.), Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Clinical Immunology (L.A.W.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Medical School Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Radiology (K. Prelog), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia; Department of Paediatric Neurology (D.R.C.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia; Neuroinflammation Group (G.J.G., C.K.L.), MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, North Ryde, Australia; and Neuroinflammation Group (E.K.M.), Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Louise A Wienholt
- Neuroimmunology Group (R.C.D., E.M.T., V.M., R.-Y.A.K., N.S., K. Pathmanandavel, S.R., F.B.), Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research (D.R.B.), Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Clinical Immunology (L.A.W.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Medical School Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Radiology (K. Prelog), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia; Department of Paediatric Neurology (D.R.C.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia; Neuroinflammation Group (G.J.G., C.K.L.), MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, North Ryde, Australia; and Neuroinflammation Group (E.K.M.), Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Kristina Prelog
- Neuroimmunology Group (R.C.D., E.M.T., V.M., R.-Y.A.K., N.S., K. Pathmanandavel, S.R., F.B.), Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research (D.R.B.), Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Clinical Immunology (L.A.W.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Medical School Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Radiology (K. Prelog), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia; Department of Paediatric Neurology (D.R.C.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia; Neuroinflammation Group (G.J.G., C.K.L.), MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, North Ryde, Australia; and Neuroinflammation Group (E.K.M.), Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Damien R Clark
- Neuroimmunology Group (R.C.D., E.M.T., V.M., R.-Y.A.K., N.S., K. Pathmanandavel, S.R., F.B.), Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research (D.R.B.), Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Clinical Immunology (L.A.W.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Medical School Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Radiology (K. Prelog), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia; Department of Paediatric Neurology (D.R.C.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia; Neuroinflammation Group (G.J.G., C.K.L.), MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, North Ryde, Australia; and Neuroinflammation Group (E.K.M.), Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroimmunology Group (R.C.D., E.M.T., V.M., R.-Y.A.K., N.S., K. Pathmanandavel, S.R., F.B.), Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research (D.R.B.), Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Clinical Immunology (L.A.W.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Medical School Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Radiology (K. Prelog), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia; Department of Paediatric Neurology (D.R.C.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia; Neuroinflammation Group (G.J.G., C.K.L.), MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, North Ryde, Australia; and Neuroinflammation Group (E.K.M.), Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Chai K Lim
- Neuroimmunology Group (R.C.D., E.M.T., V.M., R.-Y.A.K., N.S., K. Pathmanandavel, S.R., F.B.), Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research (D.R.B.), Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Clinical Immunology (L.A.W.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Medical School Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Radiology (K. Prelog), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia; Department of Paediatric Neurology (D.R.C.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia; Neuroinflammation Group (G.J.G., C.K.L.), MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, North Ryde, Australia; and Neuroinflammation Group (E.K.M.), Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Emily K Mathey
- Neuroimmunology Group (R.C.D., E.M.T., V.M., R.-Y.A.K., N.S., K. Pathmanandavel, S.R., F.B.), Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research (D.R.B.), Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Clinical Immunology (L.A.W.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Medical School Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Radiology (K. Prelog), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia; Department of Paediatric Neurology (D.R.C.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia; Neuroinflammation Group (G.J.G., C.K.L.), MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, North Ryde, Australia; and Neuroinflammation Group (E.K.M.), Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Fabienne Brilot
- Neuroimmunology Group (R.C.D., E.M.T., V.M., R.-Y.A.K., N.S., K. Pathmanandavel, S.R., F.B.), Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research (D.R.B.), Westmead Millenium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia; Clinical Immunology (L.A.W.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Medical School Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Radiology (K. Prelog), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia; Department of Paediatric Neurology (D.R.C.), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia; Neuroinflammation Group (G.J.G., C.K.L.), MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, North Ryde, Australia; and Neuroinflammation Group (E.K.M.), Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pathmanandavel K, Starling J, Dale RC, Brilot F. Autoantibodies and the immune hypothesis in psychotic brain diseases: challenges and perspectives. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:257184. [PMID: 24062775 PMCID: PMC3766578 DOI: 10.1155/2013/257184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of psychosis is poorly understood, with both the cognitive and cellular changes of the disease process remaining mysterious. There is a growing body of evidence that points to dysfunction of the immune system in a subgroup of patients with psychosis. Recently, autoantibodies directed against neuronal cell surface targets have been identified in a range of syndromes that feature psychosis. Of interest is the detection of autoantibodies in patients whose presentations are purely psychiatric, such as those suffering from schizophrenia. Autoantibodies have been identified in a minority of patients, suggesting that antibody-associated mechanisms of psychiatric disease likely only account for a subgroup of cases. Recent work has been based on the application of cell-based assays-a paradigm whose strength lies in the expression of putative antigens in their natural conformation on the surface of live cells. The responsiveness of some of these newly described clinical syndromes to immune therapy supports the hypothesis that antibody-associated mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of psychotic disease. However, further investigation is required to establish the scope and significance of antibody pathology in psychosis. The identification of a subgroup of patients with antibody-mediated disease would promise more effective approaches to the treatment of these high-morbidity conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karrnan Pathmanandavel
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jean Starling
- The Walker Unit, Concord Centre for Mental Health, Concord West, NSW 2138, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Russell C. Dale
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Fabienne Brilot
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McMullan S, Pathmanandavel K, Pilowsky PM, Goodchild AK. Somatic nerve stimulation evokes qualitatively different somatosympathetic responses in the cervical and splanchnic sympathetic nerves in the rat. Brain Res 2008; 1217:139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Kuhlmey BT, Pathmanandavel K, McPhedran RC. Multipole analysis of photonic crystal fibers with coated inclusions. Opt Express 2006; 14:10851-10864. [PMID: 19529498 DOI: 10.1364/oe.14.010851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photonic crystal fibers (PCF) containing coated holes have recently been demonstrated experimentally, but haven't been studied theoretically and numerically thus far. We extend the multipole formalism to take into account coated cylinders, and demonstrate its accuracy even with metallic coatings. We provide numerical tables for calibration of other numerical methods. Further, we study the guidance properties of several PCF with coated holes: we demonstrate that the confinement mechanisms of PCFs with high index coated holes depend on wavelength, and exhibit plasmonic resonances in metal coated PCFs.
Collapse
|