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Shill DD, Lansford KA, Hempel HK, Call JA, Murrow JR, Jenkins NT. Effect of exercise intensity on circulating microparticles in men and women. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:693-700. [PMID: 29469165 DOI: 10.1113/ep086644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the effect of exercise intensity on circulating microparticle populations in young, healthy men and women? What is the main finding and its importance? Acute, moderate-intensity continuous exercise and high-intensity interval exercise altered distinct microparticle populations during and after exercise in addition to a sex-specific response in CD62E+ microparticles. The microparticles studied contribute to cardiovascular disease progression, regulate vascular function and facilitate new blood vessel formation. Thus, characterizing the impact of intensity on exercise-induced microparticle responses advances our understanding of potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial vascular adaptations to exercise. ABSTRACT Circulating microparticles (MPs) are biological vectors of information within the cardiovascular system that elicit both deleterious and beneficial effects on the vasculature. Acute exercise has been shown to alter MP concentrations, probably through a shear stress-dependent mechanism, but evidence is limited. Therefore, we investigated the effect of exercise intensity on plasma levels of CD34+ and CD62E+ MPs in young, healthy men and women. Blood samples were collected before, during and after two energy-matched bouts of acute treadmill exercise: interval exercise (10 × 1 min intervals at ∼95% of maximal oxygen uptake V̇O2max) and continuous exercise (65% V̇O2max). Continuous exercise, but not interval exercise, reduced CD62E+ MP concentrations in men and women by 18% immediately after exercise (from 914.5 ± 589.6 to 754.4 ± 390.5 MPs μl-1 ; P < 0.05), suggesting that mechanisms underlying exercise-induced CD62E+ MP dynamics are intensity dependent. Furthermore, continuous exercise reduced CD62E+ MPs in women by 19% (from 1030.6 ± 688.1 to 829.9 ± 435.4 MPs μl-1 ; P < 0.05), but not in men. Although interval exercise did not alter CD62E+ MPs per se, the concentrations after interval exercise were higher than those observed after continuous exercise (P < 0.05). Conversely, CD34+ MPs did not fluctuate in response to short-duration acute continuous or interval exercise in men or women. Our results suggest that exercise-induced MP alterations are intensity dependent and sex specific and impact MP populations differentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Shill
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kasey A Lansford
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hannah K Hempel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jarrod A Call
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan R Murrow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Augusta University-University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nathan T Jenkins
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Shill DD, Southern WM, Willingham TB, Lansford KA, McCully KK, Jenkins NT. Mitochondria-specific antioxidant supplementation does not influence endurance exercise training-induced adaptations in circulating angiogenic cells, skeletal muscle oxidative capacity or maximal oxygen uptake. J Physiol 2016; 594:7005-7014. [PMID: 27501153 DOI: 10.1113/jp272491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Reducing excessive oxidative stress, through chronic exercise or antioxidants, can decrease the negative effects induced by excessive amounts of oxidative stress. Transient increases in oxidative stress produced during acute exercise facilitate beneficial vascular training adaptations, but the effects of non-specific antioxidants on exercise training-induced vascular adaptations remain elusive. Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) are an exercise-inducible subset of white blood cells that maintain vascular integrity. We investigated whether mitochondria-specific antioxidant (MitoQ) supplementation would affect the response to 3 weeks of endurance exercise training in CACs, muscle mitochondrial capacity and maximal oxygen uptake in young healthy men. We show that endurance exercise training increases multiple CAC types, an adaptation that is not altered by MitoQ supplementation. Additionally, MitoQ does not affect skeletal muscle or whole-body aerobic adaptations to exercise training. These results indicate that MitoQ supplementation neither enhances nor attenuates endurance training adaptations in young healthy men. ABSTRACT Antioxidants have been shown to improve endothelial function and cardiovascular outcomes. However, the effects of antioxidants on exercise training-induced vascular adaptations remain elusive. General acting antioxidants combined with exercise have not impacted circulating angiogenic cells (CACs). We investigated whether mitochondria-specific antioxidant (MitoQ) supplementation would affect the response to 3 weeks of endurance exercise training on CD3+ , CD3+ /CD31+ , CD14+ /CD31+ , CD31+ , CD34+ /VEGFR2+ and CD62E+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), muscle mitochondrial capacity, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max ) in healthy men aged 22.1 ± 0.7 years, with a body mass index of 26.9 ± 0.9 kg m-2 , and 24.8 ± 1.3% body fat. Analysis of main effects revealed that training induced 33, 105 and 285% increases in CD14+ /CD31+ , CD62E+ and CD34+ /VEGFR2+ CACs, respectively, and reduced CD3+ /CD31- PBMCs by 14%. There was no effect of MitoQ on CAC levels. Also independent of MitoQ supplementation, exercise training significantly increased quadriceps muscle mitochondrial capacity by 24% and VO2 max by roughly 7%. In conclusion, endurance exercise training induced increases in multiple CAC types, and this adaptation is not modified by MitoQ supplementation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant does not influence skeletal muscle or whole-body aerobic adaptations to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Shill
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Kasey A Lansford
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kevin K McCully
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nathan T Jenkins
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Jenkins NT, Shill DD, Marshburn MP, Hempel HK, Lansford KA, Jenkins NT. Heterogeneous Circulating Angiogenic Cell Responses to Maximal Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486093.45546.f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shill DD, Lansford KA, Southern WM, Willingham TB, McCully KK, Jenkins NT. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Supplementation Does Not Impact Training-induced Changes in Circulating Angiogenic Cells. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000485187.28786.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Southern WM, Shill DD, Lansford KA, Willingham TB, McCully KK, Jenkins NT. Effects of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Supplementation on Mitochondrial Adaptations to Endurance Training in Healthy Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000485185.21162.4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lansford KA, Shill DD, Dicks AB, Marshburn MP, Southern WM, Jenkins NT. Effect of acute exercise on circulating angiogenic cell and microparticle populations. Exp Physiol 2015; 101:155-67. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel D. Shill
- Department of Kinesiology; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - Andrew B. Dicks
- Georgia Regents University-University of Georgia Medical Partnership; Athens GA USA
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Lansford KA, Shill DD, Dicks A, Southern WM, Jenkins NT. Effect of Acute Endurance Exercise on Circulating Angiogenic Cell and Microparticle Subpopulations. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000479100.74171.d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shill DD, Lansford KA, Marshburn MP, Jenkins NT. Impact of Acute Exercise on Angiogenesis- and Inflammation-related Gene Expression in Circulating Angiogenic Cell Subpopulations. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000479101.74171.9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Crissey JM, Jenkins NT, Lansford KA, Thorne PK, Bayless DS, Vieira-Potter VJ, Rector RS, Thyfault JP, Laughlin MH, Padilla J. Adipose tissue and vascular phenotypic modulation by voluntary physical activity and dietary restriction in obese insulin-resistant OLETF rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 306:R596-606. [PMID: 24523340 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00493.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT)-derived cytokines are proposed to contribute to obesity-associated vascular insulin resistance. We tested the hypothesis that voluntary physical activity and diet restriction-induced maintenance of body weight would both result in decreased AT inflammation and concomitant improvements in insulin-stimulated vascular relaxation in the hyperphagic, obese Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rat. Rats (aged 12 wk) were randomly assigned to sedentary (SED; n = 10), wheel running (WR; n = 10), or diet restriction (DR; n = 10; fed 70% of SED) for 8 wk. WR and DR rats exhibited markedly lower adiposity (7.1 ± 0.4 and 15.7 ± 1.1% body fat, respectively) relative to SED (27 ± 1.2% body fat), as well as improved blood lipid profiles and systemic markers of insulin resistance. Reduced adiposity in both WR and DR was associated with decreased AT mRNA expression of inflammatory genes (e.g., MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6) and markers of immune cell infiltration (e.g., CD8, CD11c, and F4/80). The extent of these effects were most pronounced in visceral AT compared with subcutaneous and periaortic AT. Markers of inflammation in brown AT were upregulated with WR but not DR. In periaortic AT, WR- and DR-induced reductions in expression and secretion of cytokines were accompanied with a more atheroprotective gene expression profile in the adjacent aortic wall. WR, but not DR, resulted in greater insulin-stimulated relaxation in the aorta; an effect that was, in part, mediated by a decrease in insulin-induced endothelin-1 activation in WR aorta. Collectively, we show in OLETF rats that lower adiposity leads to less AT and aortic inflammation, as well as an exercise-specific improvement in insulin-stimulated vasorelaxation.
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Padilla J, Jenkins NT, Thorne PK, Lansford KA, Fleming NJ, Bayless DS, Sheldon RD, Rector RS, Laughlin MH. Differential regulation of adipose tissue and vascular inflammatory gene expression by chronic systemic inhibition of NOS in lean and obese rats. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e00225. [PMID: 24744894 PMCID: PMC3966247 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that a decrease in bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) would result in
increased adipose tissue (AT) inflammation. In particular, we utilized the obese Otsuka Long Evans
Tokushima Fatty rat model (n = 20) and lean Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka
counterparts (n = 20) to determine the extent to which chronic inhibition of
NO synthase (NOS) with
Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl
ester (L‐NAME) treatment (for 4 weeks) upregulates expression of inflammatory genes and
markers of immune cell infiltration in retroperitoneal white AT, subscapular brown AT, periaortic AT
as well as in its contiguous aorta free of perivascular AT. As expected, relative to lean rats
(% body fat = 13.5 ± 0.7), obese rats (% body fat = 27.2 ±
0.8) were hyperlipidemic (total cholesterol 77.0 ± 2.1 vs. 101.0 ± 3.3 mg/dL),
hyperleptinemic (5.3 ± 0.9 vs. 191.9 ± 59.9 pg/mL), and
insulin‐resistant (higher HOMA IR index [3.9 ± 0.8 vs. 25.2 ± 4.1]). Obese rats
also exhibited increased expression of proinflammatory genes in perivascular, visceral, and brown
ATs. L‐NAME treatment produced a small but statistically significant decrease in percent body
fat (24.6 ± 0.9 vs. 27.2 ± 0.8%) and HOMA IR index (16.9 ± 2.3 vs. 25.2
± 4.1) in obese rats. Further, contrary to our hypothesis, we found that expression of
inflammatory genes in all AT depots examined were generally unaltered with L‐NAME treatment
in both lean and obese rats. This was in contrast with the observation that L‐NAME produced a
significant upregulation of inflammatory and proatherogenic genes in the aorta. Collectively, these
findings suggest that chronic NOS inhibition alters transcriptional regulation of proinflammatory
genes to a greater extent in the aortic wall compared to its adjacent perivascular AT, or visceral
white and subscapular brown AT depots. We tested the hypothesis that a decrease in bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) would result in
increased adipose tissue (AT) inflammation. Our findings suggest that chronic NOS inhibition alters
transcriptional regulation of proinflammatory genes to a greater extent in the aortic wall compared
to its adjacent perivascular AT, or visceral white and subscapular brown AT depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Padilla
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri ; Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri ; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Pamela K Thorne
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | | | - David S Bayless
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri ; Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Ryan D Sheldon
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri ; Harry S Truman Memorial VA Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - R Scott Rector
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri ; Harry S Truman Memorial VA Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri ; Internal Medicine-Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - M Harold Laughlin
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri ; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri ; Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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