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Egloff L, Frei P, Gerlach K, Mercer-Chalmers-Bender K, Scheurer E. Effect of vaporizing cannabis rich in cannabidiol on cannabinoid levels in blood and on driving ability - a randomized clinical trial. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:1713-1723. [PMID: 37626214 PMCID: PMC10567805 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, cross-over study was to determine cannabinoid levels in blood and driving-related ability after single (S1) and repetitive (S2) vaporization of cannabis rich in cannabidiol (CBD) containing < 1% Δ9-etrahydrocannabinol (THC). Healthy adult volunteers (Nsingle = 27, Nrepetitive = 20) with experience in smoking vapor-inhaled two low-THC/CBD-rich cannabis products both with < 1% THC (product 1: 38 mg CBD, 1.8 mg THC; product 2: 39 mg CBD, 0.6 mg THC) and placebo. Main outcomes were THC- and CBD-levels in whole blood and overall assessment of driving-related ability by computerized tests. Among 74 participants included, 27 (mean age ± SD, 28.9 ± 12.5 years) completed S1, and 20 (25.2 ± 4.0) completed S2. Peak concentrations and duration of detectability depended on the THC-content of the product. After single consumption THC dropped below 1.5 µg/L after 1.5 h, but was detected in some participants up to 5 h. Pairwise comparison of driving-related ability revealed no significant differences between low-THC/CBD-rich products (P1, P2) and placebo. Detection of THC after consumption of low-THC/CBD-rich cannabis might have legal consequences for drivers. Regarding overall driving-related ability, no significant differences were observed between the interventional products. This trial was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00018836) on 25.10.2019 and with the Coordination Office for Human Research (kofam) which is operated by the Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH) (SNCTP000003294).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Egloff
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 22, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Priska Frei
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 22, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Gerlach
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 22, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katja Mercer-Chalmers-Bender
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 22, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Scheurer
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Pestalozzistrasse 22, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Mehl A, von Laue B, Trapp B, Gerlach K, Reif M, Pretzer K, Zerm R, Berger B, Gutenbrunner C, Kröz M. The Anthroposophic Artistic Movement Assessment for Eurythmy Therapy (AART-ASSESS-EuMove). A validation study. Complement Ther Med 2023; 76:102957. [PMID: 37286140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eurythmy Therapy (ET) is a mindfulness oriented therapy developed in the context of anthroposophic medicine. Despite commonly used in practice, it remains unclear whether active participation (Inner Correspondence) during ET can be observed in eurythmy gestures (EGest). So far, no validated peer-report instrument to evaluate EGest exists. METHOD To validate an 83-item ET peer-report scale, a nested study on a sample of n = 82 breast cancer survivors with cancer-related fatigue was conducted. EGest were evaluated twice, at baseline and at 10-week follow-up, by peer-reports from two separate therapists. Interrater-reliability (IRR) was estimated by Cohen's weighted kappa (κw) across all items. Additionally, reliability-(RA) and principal component analyses (PCA) were conducted. Patients completed two self-report scales: Satisfaction with ET (SET) and Inner Correspondence with the Movement Therapy (ICPH). RESULTS IRR was greater than or equal (κw ≥ 0.25) for 41 items (49.3%) with a mean weighted kappa of κ̅w = 0.40 (SD = 0.17, range = 0.25-0.85). RA resulted in the exclusion of 25 items with insufficient item-total correlations < 0.40. A PCA with 16 items revealed 3 subscales: 1. Mindfulness in Movement (8 items), 2. Motor Skills (5 items), 3. Walking Pattern (3items) explaining 63.86% of total variance. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was high for the sum score with α = 0.89 and for the subscales with α = 0.88, 0.86 and 0.84 respectively. Significant small to moderate subscale correlations were found ranging from r = 0.29-0.63 (all p < 0.01). Mindfulness in Movement correlated with Inner Correspondence (r = 0.32) and with Satisfaction with ET (r = - 0.25, both p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The new AART-ASSESS-EuMove is the first consistent and reliable peer-report instrument to evaluate EGest. It shows associations between peer-reported Mindful Movement and patients' self-reported ICPH and SET.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mehl
- Research Institute Havelhöhe, Kladower Damm 221, 14089 Berlin, Germany.
| | - B von Laue
- AnthroMed Öschelbronn - Centre for Integrative Medicine, 75233 Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany
| | - B Trapp
- Praxis Frauenheilkunde - Lebenswunder, Berlin-Havelhöhe, 14089 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Gerlach
- Institute for Eurythmy Therapy, Research Institute of Arts Therapy, Alanus Hochschule, Villestraße 3, 53347 Alfter, Germany
| | - M Reif
- Society for Clinical Research, Hardenbergstraße 20, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Pretzer
- Raumzeitwerker, Practice for Eurythmy Therapy, 10967 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Zerm
- Research Institute Havelhöhe, Kladower Damm 221, 14089 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Berger
- Institute for Integrative Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Gerhard Kienle Weg 8, 58313 Herdecke, Germany
| | - C Gutenbrunner
- Clinic for Rehabilitative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Kröz
- Research Institute Havelhöhe, Kladower Damm 221, 14089 Berlin, Germany; Institute for Integrative Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Gerhard Kienle Weg 8, 58313 Herdecke, Germany; Hospital Arlesheim, Research Department, Pfeffinger Weg 1, 4144 Arlesheim, Switzerland
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Berger C, Bauer M, Wittig H, Gerlach K, Scheurer E, Lenz C. Investigation of post mortem brain, rectal and forehead temperature relations. J Therm Biol 2023; 115:103615. [PMID: 37390676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is temperature sensitive, which is highly relevant for post mortem examinations. Therefore, the determination of the exact temperature of the investigated body site, e.g. the brain, is crucial. However, direct temperature measurements are invasive and inconvenient. Thus, in view of post mortem MR imaging of the brain, this study aims at investigating the relation between the brain and the forehead temperature for modelling the brain temperature based on the non-invasive forehead temperature. In addition, the brain temperature will be compared to the rectal temperature. Brain temperature profiles measured in the longitudinal fissure between the brain hemispheres, as well as rectal and forehead temperature profiles of 16 deceased were acquired continuously. Linear mixed, linear, quadratic and cubic models were fitted to the relation between the longitudinal fissure and the forehead and between the longitudinal fissure and the rectal temperature, respectively. Highest adjusted R2 values were found between the longitudinal fissure and the forehead temperature, as well as between the longitudinal fissure and the rectal temperature using a linear mixed model including the sex, environmental temperature and humidity as fixed effects. The results indicate that the forehead, as well as the rectal temperature, can be used to model the brain temperature measured in the longitudinal fissure. Comparable fit results were observed for the longitudinal fissure-forehead temperature relation and for the longitudinal fissure-rectal temperature relation. Combined with the fact that the forehead temperature overcomes the problem of measurement invasiveness, the results suggest using the forehead temperature for modelling the brain temperature in the longitudinal fissure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Berger
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Forensic Medicine, Health Department Basel-Stadt, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Bauer
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Forensic Medicine, Health Department Basel-Stadt, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Holger Wittig
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Forensic Medicine, Health Department Basel-Stadt, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Gerlach
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Forensic Medicine, Health Department Basel-Stadt, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Scheurer
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Forensic Medicine, Health Department Basel-Stadt, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lenz
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Forensic Medicine, Health Department Basel-Stadt, Basel, Switzerland.
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Bauer M, Berger C, Gerlach K, Scheurer E, Lenz C. Post mortem evaluation of brain edema using quantitative MRI. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 337:111376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Köhlbrandt J, Pokar J, Sill V, Geburek F, Gerlach K. Detection of lesions of the DDFT and the proximal Manica flexoria of the SDFT – Comparison of ultrasonographic and tenoscopic findings in equine aseptic tenosynovitis of the common digital flexor tendon sheath. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2022. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20220206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Weber M, Hüppe M, Cavus E, Ocker H, Gerlach K. [The anesthesiological questionnaire for patients in the outpatient context : Investigations on patient state of health after outpatient operations using the anesthesiological questionnaire for patients]. Anaesthesist 2021; 70:843-853. [PMID: 33616688 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-021-00921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evaluation of German postanesthesia questionnaires is often restricted to inpatient medical care. The anesthesiological questionnaire for patients (ANP) has previously been validated only after medical care of inpatients. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity of the ANP in the context of outpatient surgery and anesthesia. METHODS Data from 4547 patients (mean age 18-89 years, sex: m/f, 55%/45%), scheduled for ambulatory orthopedic and trauma surgery, were analyzed. All patients received a standard induction of anesthesia with propofol, sufentanil and 4 mg dexamethasone. Maintenance of anesthesia was achieved with a balanced technique comprising volatile anesthesia (either sevoflurane or desflurane) and sufentanil. In addition, patients undergoing operations on the anterior cruciate ligament received a femoral nerve block with 12-15 ml 0.5% ropivacaine. Of the patients 13% remained in hospital overnight as a result of complex operations (combined anterior and posterior cruciate ligament repair, hip arthroscopy and 10% of those undergoing shoulder operations). Before discharge from the recovery room, patients were asked to answer questions with respect to postoperative symptoms 1h after anesthesia (ESNA 19 items), at the time of interview (ABZ 17 items) and about overall patient satisfaction (10 items). These results were matched with the type of procedure and time data from the patient administration system. All data were analyzed descriptively using parametrical tests. RESULTS At both time points, pain in the area of the operation was the predominant symptom (ESNA: 77,1%; ABZ: 74,3%). Pain after shoulder arthroscopy was more severe compared to knee arthroscopy, both with and without repair of the anterior cruciate ligament. Most of the adverse symptoms decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.001) with time, demonstrating progressive recovery of the patient. Patient discomfort was more likely to occur in female than in male patients, and female patients were more likely to be dissatisfied with the progress of recovery. The risk of experiencing adverse symptoms after anesthesia was higher for female than for male patients; this was most apparent for feeling cold (odds ratio, OR 4.08) and nausea and vomiting (OR 3.45). Younger patients (18-40 years) were more likely to express discomfort than both groups of older patients (41-60 years and 61-89 years). Accordingly, younger patients had lower satisfaction levels with respect to both anesthesia and overall perioperative care, and the progress of recovery. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were linked to younger age, female sex, and longer procedure times (>40 min). CONCLUSION The individual analyses delivered plausible results, which support the validity of the ANP. The ANP may also be used for assessment of postoperative discomfort and patient satisfaction in the setting of outpatient surgery. In view of the short time interval between the two measurement points, the ANP for outpatients could in future be reduced to a single postoperative questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weber
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - M Hüppe
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - E Cavus
- Department Anästhesie, MARE Klinikum, Kronshagen, Deutschland
| | - H Ocker
- Department Anästhesie, MARE Klinikum, Kronshagen, Deutschland
| | - K Gerlach
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Deutschland. .,Department Anästhesie, MARE Klinikum, Kronshagen, Deutschland.
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Scherer R, Gerlach K, Ghaffari M, Südekum KH. Linking forage choice behavior of goats with the metabolome of contrasting silages. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:308-323. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Gerlach K, Schad P, Offhaus J, Brehm W, Pelli A. Incidence of variations of the transverse processes of the sixth and seventh cervical equine vertebrae. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2021. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20210606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bauer M, Gerlach K, Scheurer E, Lenz C. Analysis of different post mortem assessment methods for cerebral edema. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 308:110164. [PMID: 32014814 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
While cerebral edema is a live-threatening condition in living persons, also an edema-like fluid redistribution can occur post mortem. In deceased, usually macroscopic signs are evaluated during autopsy in order to determine the presence or absence of cerebral edema. As a quantitative and objective classification is beneficial, an already existing method (Radojevic et al., 2017), which is based on a mathematical formula using the intracranial dimensions and the cerebral weight, was compared to the evaluation of macroscopic signs in 31 cases. The results showed an excellent agreement for the comparison between the raters as well as the measurement methods (at opened skull or in CT images). However, both measurement methods only poorly agree with the macroscopic edema evaluation. In order to find a more concordant method, the normalized cerebral weight, which puts the cerebral weight in relation to the intracranial volume, was calculated for 115 cases. This method resulted in an excellent agreement with the macroscopic rating and showed a clear numerical difference between the edematous and nonedematous group. While the influence of the post mortem time and the cooling time was found to be negligible, the age at death might confound the edema classification due to pre-existing cerebral atrophy leading to lower cerebral weights. In summary, the present study compared different assessment methods to classify cerebral edema and developed a rater independent, objective and quantitative classification method, which was as reliable as the rating of the forensic pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Bauer
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Forensic Medicine, Health Department Basel-Stadt, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Kathrin Gerlach
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Forensic Medicine, Health Department Basel-Stadt, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Scheurer
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Forensic Medicine, Health Department Basel-Stadt, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lenz
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Forensic Medicine, Health Department Basel-Stadt, Basel, Switzerland
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Fritsche B, Lorenz I, Busch-Tenter B, Gerlach K. Cone beam-computertomography of the cervical spine in the standing horse – Part 1: findings and clinic. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2020. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20200506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Horstmeier C, Gerlach K, Scharner D. Rehabilitation after pelvic fracture in a horse – a case report. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2020. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Troillet A, Winter K, Behrens C, Gerlach K. Retrospective analysis of endoscopic versus needle lavage in horses with traumatically injured joints and tendon sheaths. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2020. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20200207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Horstmeier C, Gerlach K, Mottl A, Troillet A. Intestinal lipomatosis as a cause of colic in two horses. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2019. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20190403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Weiss M, Hainke K, Grund S, Gerlach K, Mülling CKW, Geiger SM. Does the range of motion in the bovine interphalangeal joints change with flooring condition? A pilot study using biplane high-speed fluoroscopic kinematography. J Dairy Sci 2018; 102:1443-1456. [PMID: 30591344 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study had 2 objectives. The first objective was to investigate motion patterns and the range of motion of the bovine proximal and distal interphalangeal joints on concrete during the stance phase. The second objective was to determine whether the range of motion and the locomotive stability of the interphalangeal joints differ on concrete and 3 different commercially available rubber mats (Karera, Kura, and Pedikura; Kraiburg Elastik GmbH & Co. KG, Tittmoning, Germany). Biplane high-speed fluoroscopic kinematography (72 ± 2.5 kV and 112.5 ± 12.5 mA, refresh rate 500 frames per second, shutter 0.5 ms) was applied to record 1 stance phase of the right forelimb of 2 Holstein Friesian heifers (15 mo old, 440 ± 10 kg; ± standard deviation) on each flooring. Three-dimensional digital animations were generated with a marker-supported manual animation technique based on the recordings and computer tomographic bone models. The mean maximum range of motion of each of the 4 interphalangeal joints in terms of flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external rotation were calculated as well as the mean number of local extrema as a measure of stability during the stance phase. The main degree of freedom in all interphalangeal joints was flexion and extension with a range of motion of 17.7 to 25.9°. The second largest degree of freedom differed between abduction/adduction (7.7-10.0°) and internal/external rotation (6.5-9.6°) depending on the joint. Remarkably, although smaller, these extrasagittal directions still contribute to the overall motion to a considerable degree. In addition, the interphalangeal joints of the lateral digit showed a tendency to move less during the stance phase than their medial counterparts. Comparing concrete to the rubber mats, the interphalangeal joints tend to have to cover a larger range of motion on concrete with the exception of the distal interphalangeal joint in terms of flexion/extension. The unyielding surface of concrete seems to force the flexible parts of the animal-ground-interaction into extended motion. Furthermore, there tends to be more instability in all 3 degrees of freedom in all 4 joints on concrete, implying a greater effort of the soft tissues to achieve a balanced motion. Detailed biomechanical research contributes to the development of adequate flooring systems by evaluating the mechanical strain on claws and joints and working toward lameness prevention and thus animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weiss
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Hainke
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Grund
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Gerlach
- Department for Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - C K W Mülling
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - S M Geiger
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Topographic Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna.
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Gerlach K, Winter K, Zeller S, Kafka UCM. Nuclear scintigraphic retrospective study of the C6/7 articular facets of the equine cervical spine. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2018. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20180405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Walliser J, Walliser U, Blaß S, Offhaus J, Winter K, Gerlach K. Relation of coffin bone and pastern bone length to thickness of dorsal hoof wall in horses with respect to radiographic projection. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2018. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20180502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Deuber
- Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Laboratorium fur Aerosolphysik und Filtertechnik, Postfach 3640 D-7500 Karlsruhe 1, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - K. Gerlach
- Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Laboratorium fur Aerosolphysik und Filtertechnik, Postfach 3640 D-7500 Karlsruhe 1, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - R. Kaempffer
- Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Laboratorium fur Aerosolphysik und Filtertechnik, Postfach 3640 D-7500 Karlsruhe 1, Federal Republic of Germany
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Gerlach K, Tomuschat C, Finke R, Staege MS, Brütting C, Brandt J, Jordan B, Schwesig R, Rosemeier A, Delank KS, Kornhuber ME, Emmer A. Experimental Arthritis in the Rat Induced by the Superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A. Scand J Immunol 2017; 85:191-196. [PMID: 28128856 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is incompletely understood. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and their superantigenic envelope protein (env) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA. In the present investigation, the arthritogenic potential of the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) has been investigated. In the present investigation, the bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) was injected into the right knee joint of 15 Lewis rats. Further nine animals received saline. Animals were sacrificed one, five and 10 days after the injection, respectively. The antigens CD3, CD4, CD8, MHC class I, MHC class II, Pax5 and CD138 were investigated by immunohistochemistry on cryo-sections. After intra-articular SEA injection, the inflammation was initially dominated by CD8+ T cells. In the course of the investigation, the numbers of CD4+, Pax5+, CD138+ and MHC class II+ cells increased. CD3 was expressed in low numbers as compared to CD8. After saline injection, no similar inflammatory response has been detected. The arthritis induced by the superantigen SEA may be a novel model for inflammatory joint diseases, that is rheumatoid arthritis or juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gerlach
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Department of Paediatrics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - C Tomuschat
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - R Finke
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - M S Staege
- Department of Paediatrics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - C Brütting
- Department of Paediatrics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - J Brandt
- Department of Orthopaedics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - B Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - R Schwesig
- Department of Orthopaedics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - A Rosemeier
- Department of Orthopaedics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - K-S Delank
- Department of Orthopaedics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - M E Kornhuber
- Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - A Emmer
- Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Hauck S, Khageh Hosseini S, Wesely J, Trojan J, Gerlach K, Schulze J, Hahn S, Steinhilber D, Gatterdam V, Zeuzem S, Waidmann O, Zangos S, Biondi R, Proschak E, Zörnig M. Inhibition of the oncoprotein FUBP1 by SN-38 represents a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Laubenthal L, Hoelker M, Frahm J, Dänicke S, Gerlach K, Südekum KH, Sauerwein H, Häussler S. Short communication: Telomere lengths in different tissues of dairy cows during early and late lactation. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4881-4885. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Hagag U, Tawfiek M, Brehm W, Gerlach K. Computed Tomography of the Normal Bovine Tarsus. Anat Histol Embryol 2016; 45:469-478. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Hagag
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; Leipzig University; An den Tierkliniken 21 Leipzig 04103 Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Surgery; Anesthesiology and Radiology; Beni-Suef University; Beni-Suef 62511 Egypt
| | - M. Tawfiek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Anatomy and Embryology; Beni-Suef University; Beni-Suef 62511 Egypt
| | - W. Brehm
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; Leipzig University; An den Tierkliniken 21 Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - K. Gerlach
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; Leipzig University; An den Tierkliniken 21 Leipzig 04103 Germany
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Laubenthal L, Hoelker M, Frahm J, Dänicke S, Gerlach K, Südekum KH, Sauerwein H, Häussler S. Mitochondrial DNA copy number and biogenesis in different tissues of early- and late-lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:1571-1583. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Adam M, Arnold C, Ehlers K, Graneß N, Uhlig A, Recknagel S, Gerlach K, Schusser GF. Cervical Vertebral Compressive Myelopathy associated with articular processes osteoarthritis in three horses. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2016. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20160308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Mageed M, Berner D, Offhaus J, Winter K, Gerlach K. Interobserver agreement, sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of horses with proximopalmar metacarpal lameness using radiography and scintigraphy – A retrospective study. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2016. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20160605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Berner D, Gerlach K, Brehm W, Mülling C, Schöniger S, Lempe-Troillet A. Desmopathy of the front proximal suspensory ligament in conjunction with a metacarpal cortical fracture in a horse: A multi-modality imaging study. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2015. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20150404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sporn A, Berner D, Winter K, Mageed M, Brehm W, Gerlach K. Quantitative evaluation of bone scintigraphy of the spinous processes of the equine thoracic spine at different times after administering 99m
Tc-hydroxymethylene-diphosphonate. Vet Rec 2014; 174:505. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.102104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Sporn
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; Leipzig Germany
| | - D. Berner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; Leipzig Germany
| | - K. Winter
- University of Leipzig; Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM); Leipzig Germany
| | - M. Mageed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; Leipzig Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology Khartoum; University of Khartoum; Khartoum Sudan
| | - W. Brehm
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; Leipzig Germany
| | - K. Gerlach
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; Leipzig Germany
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Hecht L, Dittmann V, Dussy F, Gerlach K. [Unusual findings in carbon monoxide-related deaths]. Arch Kriminol 2014; 233:192-202. [PMID: 25004621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The authors present three cases of carbon monoxide poisoning (two suicides and one accident) from the autopsy material of the Institute of Legal Medicine at Basel, which are unusual with regard to the circumstances at the scene of death, the method of suicide and the post-mortem findings: Suicide of a 27-year-old male by burning charcoal in the bathroom, documentation of the suicide and previous attempted suicides on a tablet PC. Suicide of a 27-year-old male by carbon monoxide chemically, produced by dehydration of formic acid with sulphuric acid and inhalation of the gas through a breathing mask. Accidental carbon monoxide poisoning of a 34-year-old male by car exhaust fumes in an open garage. Difficult establishment of the diagnosis in the post-mortem examination due to unspecific colour of livores and varnished fingernails.
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31
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Gerlach K, Roß F, Weiß K, Büscher W, Südekum KH. Aerobic exposure of grass silages and its impact on dry matter intake and preference by goats. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Schneevoigt J, Bahramsoltani M, Gerlach K, Gericke A, Fersterra M, Brehm W, Seeger J. Parapagus Conjoined Twin Calf: A Case Study - Focused on CT and Cardiac Abnormalities. Anat Histol Embryol 2014; 43:64-70. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Schneevoigt
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - M. Bahramsoltani
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - K. Gerlach
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - A. Gericke
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - M. Fersterra
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - W. Brehm
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - J. Seeger
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
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Sporn A, Berner D, Brehm W, Winter K, Mageed M, Studt M, Gerlach K. Improvement of Motion Correction during scintigraphic examination of the equine thoracic and lumbar spine in standing horses. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2014. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20140113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Gerlach K, Köhler-Bachmann S, Wehde D, Walther J, Behr J, Knobloch J, Koch A. Endothelinrezeptor-Antagonisten supprimieren die inflammatorische Antwort von Alveolarmakrophagen auf bakterielle Infektionen bei COPD. Pneumologie 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1334715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Hagag U, Brehm W, Ramadan RO, Al Mubarak A, El Nahas A, Gerlach K. Normal radiographic and ultrasonographic appearance of the adult dromedary camel tarsus (one humped camel). Anat Histol Embryol 2013; 42:344-54. [PMID: 23278186 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Six cadaver pelvic limbs were obtained from clinically sound dromedary camels and examined radiographically and ultrasonographically using a 7.5 MHz convex transducer. Radiographic examination was performed in dorsoplantar, lateromedial, dorsolateral-plantaromedial oblique and plantarolateral-dorsomedial oblique projections, and the bony structures and articulations of the tarsal joint were outlined. The tarsus was ultrasonographically investigated in four planes (dorsal, medial, lateral and plantar), and each plane was scrutinized in four levels (calcaneal tuber, tibial malleoli, base of calcaneus and proximal end of metatarsus) in both transverse and longitudinal views. Limbs were examined grossly, frozen at -20°C and sectioned. Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings correlated well with the gross anatomy and frozen sections. The normal appearance of bony and soft structures of the tarsus described in this study provided basic reference data for ultrasonographic and radiographic investigations of tarsal disorders in the dromedary camel.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hagag
- Clinic of Large Animal Surgery, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Stöckl T, Schulze T, Brehm W, Gerlach K. Distribution of findings of bilateral magnetic resonance examinations of lame and sound forelimb hoof regions. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2013. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20130303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Stöckl T, Schulze T, Brehm W, Gerlach K. Comparative bilateral magnetic resonance imaging of the foot in low-field MRI – Part 1: Findings and development of a grading system. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2013. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20130206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Illenberger N, Brehm W, Ludewig E, Gerlach K. Presentation of age-related changes of the pulp horns in equine upper cheek teeth by MRI. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2013. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20130205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Berner D, Winter K, Brehm W, Gerlach K. Influence of head and neck position on radiographic measurement of intervertebral distances between thoracic dorsal spinous processes in clinically sound horses. Equine Vet J 2012:21-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Berner
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; Germany
| | - K. Winter
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) Leipzig; Germany
| | - W. Brehm
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; Germany
| | - K. Gerlach
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Leipzig; Germany
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Hagag U, Brehm W, Ramadan RO, Al Mubarak A, El Nahas A, Gerlach K. Computed Tomography and Cross-sectional Anatomy of the Normal Dromedary Camel Tarsus (One Humped Camel). Anat Histol Embryol 2012; 42:266-74. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Hagag
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; Leipzig University; An den Tierkliniken 21; 04103; Leipzig; Germany
| | - W. Brehm
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; Leipzig University; An den Tierkliniken 21; 04103; Leipzig; Germany
| | - R. O. Ramadan
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; King Faisal University; PO Box 1757; Al Ahsa 31982; Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Al Mubarak
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; King Faisal University; PO Box 1757; Al Ahsa 31982; Saudi Arabia
| | - A. El Nahas
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; Leipzig University; An den Tierkliniken 21; 04103; Leipzig; Germany
| | - K. Gerlach
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; Leipzig University; An den Tierkliniken 21; 04103; Leipzig; Germany
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41
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Berner D, Brehm W, Gerlach K. The influence of head and neck position on radiographic examination of the intervertebral foramina of the neck of horses at latero-lateral projection. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2012. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20120109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Gerlach K, Neurath M, Weigmann B. Tumorsuppressive Wirkung vom Th2-assoziiertem Transkriptionsfaktor NFATc3 im experimentellen Tumormodell. Z Gastroenterol 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1284245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lohakare JD, van de Sand H, Gerlach K, Hosseini A, Mielenz M, Sauerwein H, Pries M, Südekum KH. Effects of limited concentrate feeding on growth and blood and serum variables, and on nutrient digestibility and gene expression of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes in dairy calves. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011; 96:25-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Stoll M, Ros K, Vogt C, Zwick T, Simhofer H, Castell J, Staszyk C, Gerlach K. Das Hemisphärenmodell – eine neue Bezeichnung der Projektionsrichtungen am Kopf des Pferdes in der Röntgendiagnostik. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2011. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20110202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Keyl M, Brehm W, Gerlach K. Quantitative assessment of nuclear bone scintigraphy using the ‘regions of interest’ technique as applied to the equine cervical spine. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2011. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20110201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Troillet JP, Brehm W, Flatz K, Gerlach K. MR Imaging of the cartilaginous growthstructures of the distal radius of the horse – an age related study. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2011. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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