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Zhang L, Armour K, Chen JY, Mylona A, Yang M, Andersen GR, Maciejewki JP, Bakrania P, Lin F. Humanization of a mouse anti-human complement C6 monoclonal antibody as a potential therapeutic for certain complement-mediated diseases. Mol Immunol 2024; 170:19-25. [PMID: 38598870 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The assembly of tissue-damaging membrane attack complexes (MACs; C5b-9) is a major mechanism by which excessive complement activation causes diseases. We previously developed a mouse anti-human C6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1C9 that selectively inhibits the assembly of MACs in human and non-human primates. In this project, we found that 1C9 also cross-reacted with rat and guinea pig C6, and determined its binding domains on C6 using different truncated C6 proteins. We then humanized the anti-C6 mAb by molecular modeling and complementarity-determining region grafting. After screening a library of 276 humanized variants with different combinations of humanized light and heavy chains in biophysical assays, we identified clone 3713 with the best developability profile, and an increased affinity against C6 when compared with the parental 1C9 mAb. This humanized 3713 mAb inhibited human, monkey, and rat complement-mediated hemolysis in vitro, and more importantly, it significantly reduced complement-mediated hemolysis in vivo in rats. These results demonstrated the successful humanization of the anti-C6 mAb and suggested that the humanized 3713 mAb could be further developed as a new therapeutic that selectively targets MAC for certain complement-mediated pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zhang
- Department of Immunity and Inflammation, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | | | - Jin Y Chen
- Department of Immunity and Inflammation, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | | | - Maojing Yang
- Department of Immunity and Inflammation, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Gregers R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewki
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Feng Lin
- Department of Immunity and Inflammation, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA.
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Bahou C, Love EA, Leonard S, Spears RJ, Maruani A, Armour K, Baker JR, Chudasama V. Disulfide Modified IgG1: An Investigation of Biophysical Profile and Clinically Relevant Fc Interactions. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1048-1054. [PMID: 30855134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Modification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) 1 proteins in cancer treatment is a rapidly growing field of research. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) exploit the targeted nature of this immunotherapy by conjugating highly potent drugs to antibodies, allowing for effective transport of cargo(s) to cancerous cells. Of the many bioconjugation strategies now available for the formation of highly homogeneous ADCs, disulfide modification is considered an effective, low-cost, and widely accepted method for modifying IgG1s for improved clinical benefit. However, little is known about how disulfide modification impacts clinically relevant fragment crystallizable (Fc) region interactions. Although often overlooked as a secondary ADC function, Fc interactions could prove key in the rational design of cancer cell-targeting ADCs through consideration of potent mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). This work explores different IgG1 disulfide modification techniques and the effect they have on quantifiable secondary IgG1 Fc interactions (e.g., CD16a and FcRn). The solvent accessible disulfide residues of trastuzumab, a clinically relevant IgG1, were modified to provide a range of bioconjugates with differing amounts of interchain covalent linkages. It was found that by natively rebridging the IgG1 model, all tested Fc functionalities were not significantly affected. Additionally, in non Fc-specific biophysical experiments (e.g., thermal stability/aggregation), the natively rebridged species provided an exceptional profile, showing no significant change from the tested native antibody. Conjugates with significant disruption of the covalent connectivity of IgG1 chains resulted in a suboptimal Fc profile (CD16a kinetics or ADCC activity), in addition to substandard non Fc-specific attributes (thermal stability). These results advocate native disulfide rebridging as an excellent synthetic strategy for forming homogeneous IgG1 bioconjugates, with no reported negative impact on biophysical profile relative to the native antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calise Bahou
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , WC1H OAJ , London , United Kingdom.,LifeArc , Accelerator Building, SBC Open Innovation Campus, SG1 2FX , Stevenage , United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Love
- LifeArc , Accelerator Building, SBC Open Innovation Campus, SG1 2FX , Stevenage , United Kingdom
| | - Siobhán Leonard
- LifeArc , Accelerator Building, SBC Open Innovation Campus, SG1 2FX , Stevenage , United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Spears
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , WC1H OAJ , London , United Kingdom
| | - Antoine Maruani
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , WC1H OAJ , London , United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Armour
- LifeArc , Accelerator Building, SBC Open Innovation Campus, SG1 2FX , Stevenage , United Kingdom
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , WC1H OAJ , London , United Kingdom
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , WC1H OAJ , London , United Kingdom.,Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade de Lisboa , 1649-004 Lisbon , Portugal
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Dawber R, Armour K, Carter C, Ferry P, Meystre C. PA2 Satisfaction with information received: perceptions of the patient and the informal caregiver. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2015; 5 Suppl 1:A20. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2015-000906.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Baker N, Armour K, Meystre C, Redwood S, Dawson A. HEALTH PROMOTING APPROACHES TO PALLIATIVE CARE: REDUCING THE LONGER TERM IMPACT OF ADVANCED CANCER. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000838.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Chan B, Reid N, Armour K, Scott R, George P, Maurice P. Hypertriglyceridaemia with acitretin use: a proposal for its management in the context of overall cardiovascular risk. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:665-7. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.C.Y. Chan
- Department of Dermatology Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand
| | - N. Reid
- Department of Cardiovascular Prevention and Lipids Disorders Service Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand
| | - K. Armour
- Department of Dermatology Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand
| | - R.S. Scott
- Department of Cardiovascular Prevention and Lipids Disorders Service Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand
| | - P.M. George
- Department of Cardiovascular Prevention and Lipids Disorders Service Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand
| | - P.D.L. Maurice
- Department of Dermatology Christchurch Hospital Christchurch New Zealand
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Bailey CJ, Orlando R, Kinghorn P, Armour K, Perry R, Coast J. MEASURING THE QUALITY OF END OF LIFE USING ICECAP SCM: FEASIBILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000653.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Coast J, Sutton E, Orlando R, Armour K. Measuring benefits at end of life for economic evaluation: measure development and a ‘thinkaloud’ study. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2012-000264.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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McCarron N, Meystre C, Wells S, Jones A, Gittoes N, Armour K, Hodson J, Webster C. Hypovitaminosis D in Hospice patients in a Caucasian West Midlands Population. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2012-000264.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kirton CM, Laukkanen ML, Nieminen A, Merinen M, Stolen CM, Armour K, Smith DJ, Salmi M, Jalkanen S, Clark MR. Function-blocking antibodies to human vascular adhesion protein-1: a potential anti-inflammatory therapy. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:3119-30. [PMID: 16224816 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a homodimeric 170-kDa sialoglycoprotein that is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and functions as a semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase and as an adhesion molecule. Blockade of VAP-1 has been shown to reduce leukocyte adhesion and transmigration in in vivo and in vitro models, suggesting that VAP-1 is a potential target for anti-inflammatory therapy. In this study we have constructed mouse-human chimeric antibodies by genetic engineering in order to circumvent the potential problems involved in using murine antibodies in man. Our chimeric anti-VAP-1 antibodies, which were designed to lack Fc-dependent effector functions, bound specifically to cell surface-expressed recombinant human VAP-1 and recognized VAP-1 in different cell types in tonsil. Furthermore, the chimeric antibodies prevented leukocyte adhesion and transmigration in vitro and in vivo. Hence, these chimeric antibodies have the potential to be used as a new anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Kirton
- Immunology Division, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.
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Abstract
Cushing's syndrome in childhood is generally recognized by classical features such as truncal obesity, striae, easy bruising, moon facies, hypertension and growth retardation. Exceptionally, Cushing's syndrome has been reported to present as growth failure alone. We diagnosed transient hypercortisolism in 6 children who had poor growth as their only presenting abnormality. The 6 children all had integrated concentrations of cortisols (IC-F) (14.1 +/- 1.7 micrograms/dl; mean +/- 1 SD) which exceeded the IC-F in healthy children and adults (5.7 +/- 1.5 micrograms/dl; P less than 0.001). The IC-F of these 6 index cases overlapped the range of IC-F in patients with pathologically proven Cushing's syndrome (20.2 +/- 4.7 micrograms/dl). Four of the 6 patients were treated with human growth hormone for 8 months and showed a marked improvement in their growth rates. Four patients have entered puberty and are growing at normal rates. Three of the 6 children had normal repeat IC-Fs, subsequently, at a time they had normal growth rates. In 1-1/2 to 3 years of follow-up, none of the patients developed any other stigmata of Cushing's syndrome. We conclude that transient hypercortisolism, documented by the IC-F, may cause growth failure without other symptoms of Cushing's syndrome. Growth hormone therapy may improve the growth rate of these children at the time of their poor growth.
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