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Enochs I, Soderberg N, Palacio-Castro A, Eaton K. Sequential Treatment Application Robot (STAR) for high-replication marine experimentation. HardwareX 2024; 18:e00524. [PMID: 38633332 PMCID: PMC11022082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Marine organisms are often subject to numerous anthropogenic stressors, resulting in widespread ecosystem degradation. Physiological responses to these stressors, however, are complicated by high biological variability, species-specific sensitivities, nonlinear relationships, and countless permutations of stressor combinations. Nevertheless, quantification of these relationships is paramount for parameterizing predictive tools and ultimately for effective management of marine resources. Multi-level, multi-stressor experimentation is therefore key, yet the high replication required has remained a logistical challenge and a financial barrier. To overcome these issues, we created an automated system for experimentation on marine organisms, the Sequential Treatment Application Robot (STAR). The system consists of a track-mounted robotic arm that sequentially applies precision treatments to independent aquaria via syringe and peristaltic pumps. The accuracy and precision were validated with dye and spectrophotometry, and stability was demonstrated by maintaining corals under treatment conditions for more than a month. The system is open source and scalable in that additional treatments and replicates may be added without incurring multiplicative costs. While STAR was designed for investigating the combined impacts of nutrients, warming, and disease on reef-building corals, it is highly customizable and may be used for experimentation involving a diverse array of treatments and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.C. Enochs
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - N. Soderberg
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - A.M. Palacio-Castro
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - K. Eaton
- Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, USA
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Eaton K, Yusuf H, Vassallo P. Editorial: The WHO Global Oral Health Action Plan 2023-2030. Community Dent Health 2023; 40:68-69. [PMID: 37265395 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_jun23editorial02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Oral health is finally on the global agenda. The World Health Organisation Global Oral Health Action Plan (OHAP) 2023-2030 (WHO, 2022a) has been completed following a public consultation which took place during August and September 2022. As oral diseases are the most prevalent non-communicable diseases; it is good to see that the OHAP will co-exist alongside the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases 2013-2030. This editorial summarises the OHAP and highlights the opportunities and challenges discussed during the September 2022 EADPH congress, held co-jointly with the Council of the European Chief Dental Officers (CECDO).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Eaton
- Visiting Professor University College London and University of Portsmouth, Honorary Professor University of Kent
| | - H Yusuf
- Senior Clinical Lecturer in Dental Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London
| | - P Vassallo
- Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Dental Surgery University of Malta, Member of the Council of European Chief Dental Officers, President European Association for Dental Public Health
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Yusuf H, Vassallo P, Eaton K. The WHO Action Plan for Oral Health - How Can the EADPH Contribute - Opportunities and Challenges. Community Dent Health 2023. [PMID: 37067371 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_00039yusuf05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarises the proceedings of a workshop organised by the European Association of Dental Public Health, held in Montpellier in September 2022. The full proceedings were transcribed and are available on the Community Dental Health website (https://www.cdhjournal.org/article/973). The WHO Action Plan for Oral Health provides a golden opportunity to help raise the profile of oral health, to put oral health on the global public health agenda and ultimately improve oral health. It is to be applauded. However, delivery will present a challenge. Those challenges and opportunities are detailed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yusuf
- Senior Clinical Lecturer, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, President-Elect of the European Association of Dental Public Health
| | - P Vassallo
- Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Malta, Board member of the Council of European Chief Dental Officers, President, European Association for Dental Public Health
| | - K Eaton
- Visiting Professor, University College London, Honorary Professor, University of Kent, Adviser to the Council of European Chief Dental Officers, Associate Editor European Association of Dental Public Health
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Yu H, Li L, Huffman A, Beverley J, Hur J, Merrell E, Huang HH, Wang Y, Liu Y, Ong E, Cheng L, Zeng T, Zhang J, Li P, Liu Z, Wang Z, Zhang X, Ye X, Handelman SK, Sexton J, Eaton K, Higgins G, Omenn GS, Athey B, Smith B, Chen L, He Y. A new framework for host-pathogen interaction research. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1066733. [PMID: 36591248 PMCID: PMC9797517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1066733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 often manifests with different outcomes in different patients, highlighting the complexity of the host-pathogen interactions involved in manifestations of the disease at the molecular and cellular levels. In this paper, we propose a set of postulates and a framework for systematically understanding complex molecular host-pathogen interaction networks. Specifically, we first propose four host-pathogen interaction (HPI) postulates as the basis for understanding molecular and cellular host-pathogen interactions and their relations to disease outcomes. These four postulates cover the evolutionary dispositions involved in HPIs, the dynamic nature of HPI outcomes, roles that HPI components may occupy leading to such outcomes, and HPI checkpoints that are critical for specific disease outcomes. Based on these postulates, an HPI Postulate and Ontology (HPIPO) framework is proposed to apply interoperable ontologies to systematically model and represent various granular details and knowledge within the scope of the HPI postulates, in a way that will support AI-ready data standardization, sharing, integration, and analysis. As a demonstration, the HPI postulates and the HPIPO framework were applied to study COVID-19 with the Coronavirus Infectious Disease Ontology (CIDO), leading to a novel approach to rational design of drug/vaccine cocktails aimed at interrupting processes occurring at critical host-coronavirus interaction checkpoints. Furthermore, the host-coronavirus protein-protein interactions (PPIs) relevant to COVID-19 were predicted and evaluated based on prior knowledge of curated PPIs and domain-domain interactions, and how such studies can be further explored with the HPI postulates and the HPIPO framework is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital and National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Immunological Diseases, People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anthony Huffman
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - John Beverley
- Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Asymmetric Operations Sector, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Eric Merrell
- Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Hsin-hui Huang
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital and National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Immunological Diseases, People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yingtong Liu
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Edison Ong
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Helongjian, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengpai Li
- Center of Intelligent Medicine, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Center of Intelligent Medicine, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital and National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Immunological Diseases, People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianwei Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital and National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Immunological Diseases, People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | | | - Jonathan Sexton
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kathryn Eaton
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gerry Higgins
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gilbert S. Omenn
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brian Athey
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Barry Smith
- Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqun He
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Sheffield B, Eaton K, Emond B, Lafeuille MH, Hilts A, Lefebvre P, Morrison L, Ewara E, Cheema P. MA12.05 Economic Impact of Delaying Care with Single-Gene Testing Versus Next-Generation Sequencing in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Boyne D, Jarada T, Yusuf A, O'Sullivan D, Hu L, Brenner D, Abbie E, Rose J, Eaton K, Ewara E, Cheung W. 51P Testing patterns and outcomes of different EGFR-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in a Canadian real-world setting. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Vaghela H, Eaton K. Is Zirconia a Viable Alternative to Titanium for Dental Implantology? Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2022; 30:1-13. [PMID: 33770424 DOI: 10.1922/ejprd_2166vaghela14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To review the literature using a systematic approach to answer the question: 'Are zirconia dental implants an alternative to titanium dental implants?' This was evaluated by assessing the evidence for survival rate, success rate and marginal bone loss of the two implant materials. METHODS Relevant studies were identified after searching PUBMED, EMBASE and the Cochrane library. Two reviewers assessed the papers using the specified inclusion criteria, title and abstracts. Studies that were not related to the outcomes of: survival rate, success rate or marginal bone loss of zirconia dental implants were excluded. RESULTS From a total of 1617 titles and abstracts, 33 potentially relevant full text papers were identified. Of these, 18 met the criteria for inclusion in the review. The review revealed heterogeneity between the studies in terms of surgical characteristics, implant characteristics, defining success and measuring marginal bone loss therefore making comparisons between studies difficult. However, in the three randomised control studies included in this review, which compared zirconia implants to titanium implants, the survival rate was lower for zirconia implants, but the success rate and marginal bone loss were found to be similar. CONCLUSION Overall, initial studies indicate that zirconia dental implants could be a viable alternative to titanium implants but need further well-designed studies need to be carried out to assess their long-term survival rate, success rate and marginal bone loss. At present, zirconia implants should be used with caution but can be an alternative option if a patient has an absolute contraindication to titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vaghela
- General Dental Practitioner, Blaby Dental Practice, 42 Lutterworth Road, Blaby, Leicester, LE8 4DN
| | - K Eaton
- Honorary Professor, Centre for Professional Practice, University of Kent, Medway Building, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4AG
- Visiting Professor, University College London, Gower St, Bloomsbury, London, WC1E 6BT
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Mann J, Doshi M, Quentin L, Eaton K, Morton-Holtham L. Cost Benefit Analysis of Two Oral health Improvement Programmes. Community Dent Health 2021; 38:26-32. [PMID: 33079498 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_001012020mann07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral health is frequently given a low priority when healthcare funds are allocated to new initiatives. One method to highlight the health and social benefits of new oral health initiatives is to use cost benefit analysis to show their value. AIM To demonstrate how Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) has been applied to two recent oral health initiatives to evaluate their ability to reduce costs and improve the quality of life. METHODS CBA was applied to the Mouth Care Matters project in Kent, Surrey and Sussex, and the Senior Smiles project - improving oral health in residential homes in Australia. RESULTS Over a five-year period, the Mouth Care Matters project would generate £2.66 in cost savings, within the healthcare system, for every £1 spent. Over a three year period the Senior Smiles project would generate a cost saving for the healthcare system of $3.14 for every $1 spent. These evaluations were instrumental to enable a national rollout for Mouth Care Matters and a public endorsement of the programme for Senior Smiles. CONCLUSIONS Health economics can be a useful tool in aiding care organisations to assess the implications of decisions to spend limited resources in particular areas of healthcare over others.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mann
- Special Care Dentistry, University Hospitals Bristol and West Trust, Bristol Dental Hospital
| | - M Doshi
- Surrey and Sussex Healthcare Trust
| | - L Quentin
- Kent Surrey Sussex Academic Health Science Network
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Mcinnes I, Mease PJ, Eaton K, Schubert A, Peterson S, Disher T, Noel W, Fareen H, Karyekar C, Van Sanden S, Ritchlin CT, Boehncke WH. AB0820 COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF GUSELKUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS: RESULTS FROM SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND NETWORK META-ANALYSIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:The efficacy of the interleukin (IL)-23 subunit p19 inhibitor guselkumab (GUS) for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has recently been demonstrated in two Phase 3 trials (DISCOVER-1 & -2) but has not been evaluated versus existing targeted therapies for PsA.Objectives:To compare GUS to targeted therapies for PsA through network meta-analysis (NMA).Methods:A systematic literature review was performed to identify PsA randomized controlled trials from 2000 to 2018. Bayesian NMAs were performed to compare treatments on American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20/50/70 response, Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) 75/90/100 response, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) score, resolution of enthesitis (RoE), resolution of dactylitis (RoD), adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Analyses used random effects models that adjusted for placebo response via meta-regression on baseline risk when feasible. Results are summarized by ranking treatments according to median absolute probabilities of response derived from NMAs.Results:Twenty-six Phase 3 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Studies were placebo-controlled up to 24 weeks and evaluated 13 targeted therapies for PsA. Absolute probabilities are reported for PASI 90 & ACR 20 responses according toFigure 1,and a forest plot of relative risks versus placebo for AEs is reported according toFigure 2. For ACR 20 response, GUS 100 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W) and every 8 weeks (Q8W) ranked 5th and 8th out of 20 interventions and were comparable to IL-17A inhibitor (IL-17Ai) and most tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) agents. Similar findings were observed for ACR 50 and 70 responses. For PASI 90 response, GUS Q4W and Q8W ranked 1st and 2nd out of 15 interventions and were highly likely to provide a greater benefit than most other agents. Similar findings were observed for PASI 75 and 100 responses. For HAQ-DI score, GUS Q4W and Q8W ranked 6th and 10th out of 20 interventions and were comparable to IL-17Ai and most TNFi agents. For RoE, GUS Q4W and Q8W ranked 8th and 6th out of 13 interventions and were comparable to IL-17Ai and TNFi agents. For RoD, GUS Q4W and Q8W ranked 8th and 9th out of 13 interventions and were comparable to most IL-17Ai and TNFi agents. For AEs, GUS Q4W and Q8W ranked 3rd and 2nd out of 19 interventions and were comparable to IL-17Ai and TNFi agents. Likewise, for SAEs, GUS Q4W and Q8W ranked 4th and 5th out of 20 interventions and were comparable to IL-17Ai and TNFi agents. Analyses that controlled for previous exposure to biologics or assessed outcomes at alternative timepoints were broadly consistent with primary analysis results.Conclusion:NMA results indicate that GUS is comparable to most targeted PsA treatments for improvement in arthritis, soft tissue damage, physical function, and safety outcomes. For PASI outcomes, GUS is highly likely to provide a greater benefit than other targeted PsA treatments.Disclosure of Interests:Iain McInnes Grant/research support from: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly and Company, Gilead, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Philip J Mease Grant/research support from: Abbott, Amgen, Biogen Idec, BMS, Celgene Corporation, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sun Pharmaceutical, UCB – grant/research support, Consultant of: Abbott, Amgen, Biogen Idec, BMS, Celgene Corporation, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sun Pharmaceutical, UCB – consultant, Speakers bureau: Abbott, Amgen, Biogen Idec, BMS, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Janssen, Pfizer, UCB – speakers bureau, Kiefer Eaton Shareholder of: Test Pharma, Consultant of: Janssen, Agata Schubert Employee of: Janssen-Cilag, Steve Peterson Employee of: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Tim Disher Consultant of: Janssen, Wim Noel Employee of: Janssen Pharmaceuticals NV, Hassan Fareen Employee of: Janssen, Chetan Karyekar Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Consultant of: Janssen, Employee of: Janssen Global Services, LLC. Previously, Novartis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Abbott Labs., Suzy Van Sanden Employee of: Janssen, Christopher T. Ritchlin Grant/research support from: UCB Pharma, AbbVie, Amgen, Consultant of: UCB Pharma, Amgen, AbbVie, Lilly, Pfizer, Novartis, Gilead, Janssen, Wolf-Henning Boehncke Grant/research support from: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Consultant of: Janssen
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El-Zaatari M, Bishu S, Zhang M, Grasberger H, Hou G, Haley H, Humphries B, Syu LJ, Dlugosz AA, Luker K, Luker GD, Eaton K, Kamada N, Cascalho M, Kao JY. Aim2-mediated/IFN-β-independent regulation of gastric metaplastic lesions via CD8+ T cells. JCI Insight 2020; 5:94035. [PMID: 32053518 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of gastric cancer is often preceded by chronic inflammation, but the immune cellular mechanisms underlying this process are unclear. Here we demonstrated that an inflammasome molecule, absent in melanoma 2 (Aim2), was upregulated in patients with gastric cancer and in spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia of chronically Helicobacter felis-infected stomachs in mice. However, we found that Aim2 was not necessary for inflammasome function during gastritis. In contrast, Aim2 deficiency led to an increase in gastric CD8+ T cell frequency, which exacerbated metaplasia. These gastric CD8+ T cells from Aim2-/- mice were found to have lost their homing receptor expression (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 [S1PR1] and CD62L), a feature of tissue-resident memory T cells. The process was not mediated by Aim2-dependent regulation of IFN-β or by dendritic cell-intrinsic Aim2. Rather, Aim2 deficiency contributed to an increased production of CXCL16 by B cells, which could suppress S1PR1 and CD62L in CD8+ T cells. This study describes a potentially novel function of Aim2 that regulates CD8+ T cell infiltration and retention within chronically inflamed solid organ tissue. This function operates independent of the inflammasome, IFN-β, or dendritic cells. We provide evidence that B cells can contribute to this mechanism via CXCL16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El-Zaatari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Shrinivas Bishu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Helmut Grasberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Guoqing Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Henry Haley
- Department of Radiology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biomedical Engineering
| | - Brock Humphries
- Department of Radiology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biomedical Engineering
| | - Li-Jyun Syu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine
| | | | - Kathy Luker
- Department of Radiology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biomedical Engineering
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Radiology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biomedical Engineering
| | | | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Marilia Cascalho
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John Y Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine
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Nidhiry E, Mekhail T, Thara E, Nagasaka M, Chen C, Gopurala B, Campbell N, Eaton K, Homsi Y, Yanagihara R, Vaddepally R, Yan X, Tassell V, Neuteboom S, Chao R, Keresztes R. P2.01-14 Phase 3 Trial of Sitravatinib Plus Nivolumab vs Docetaxel for Treatment of NSCLC After Platinum-Based Chemoimmunotherapy. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Eaton K, Pirani A, Snitkin ES. Replication Study: Intestinal inflammation targets cancer-inducing activity of the microbiota. eLife 2018; 7:e34364. [PMID: 30295289 PMCID: PMC6175580 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology we published a Registered Report (Eaton et al., 2015) that described how we intended to replicate selected experiments from the paper "Intestinal Inflammation Targets Cancer-Inducing Activity of the Microbiota" (Arthur et al., 2012). Here we report the results. We observed no impact on bacterial growth or colonization capacity when the polyketide synthase (pks) genotoxic island was deleted from E. coli NC101, similar to the original study (Supplementary Figure 7; Arthur et al., 2012). However, for the experiment that compared inflammation, invasion, and neoplasia in azoxymethane (AOM)-treated interleukin-10-deficient mice mono-associated with NC101 or NC101[Formula: see text] pks the experimental timing of the replication attempt was longer than that of the original study. This difference was because in the original study the methodology was not clearly stated and likely led to the increased mortality and severity of inflammation observed in this replication attempt. Additionally, early death occurred during AOM treatment with higher mortality observed in NC101[Formula: see text] pks mono-associated mice compared to NC101, which was in the same direction, but more severe than the original study (Suppleme1ntal Figure 10; Arthur et al., 2012). A meta-analysis suggests that mice mono-associated with NC101[Formula: see text] pks have higher mortality compared to NC101. While these data were unable to address whether, under the conditions of the original study, NC101 and NC101[Formula: see text] pks differ in inflammation, invasion, and neoplasia this replication attempt demonstrates that clear description of experimental methods is essential to ensure accurate reproduction of experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Eaton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Ali Pirani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Evan S Snitkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, United States
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Bazhenova L, Carvajal R, Cho B, Eaton K, Goel S, Heist R, Ingham M, Wang D, Werner T, Neuteboom S, Potvin D, Chen I, Christensen J, Chao R, Alva A. Sitravatinib demonstrates activity in patients with novel genetic alterations that inactivate CBL. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy279.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Goulart B, Silgard E, Stricker K, Eaton K, Martins R. P3.15-12 Survival Impact of Patient Enrollment in Antineoplastic Drug Trials for Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Geiger C, Baker K, Redman M, Goulart B, Eaton K, Martins R, Baik C. P1.06-009 Barriers to Clinical Trial Participation in Lung Cancer Patients, a Single Institution Experience. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Armbruster C, Smith S, Johnson A, Deornelles V, Eaton K, Mody L, Mobley H. Urease Activity is Enhanced During Coculture of Common Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) Pathogens and Contributes to Severity of Disease in a Murine Infection Model. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw172.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsie Armbruster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sara Smith
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Kathryn Eaton
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lona Mody
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Harry Mobley
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Eerkes T, Santiago-Walker AA, Loreen M, Lim L, Hernandez J, Raymond C, Henderson S, Dipasquo D, Shaffer T, Motely C, Moy C, Wallace S, Eaton K, Karkera J, Li M. Utility of a targeted NGS oncology assay for circulating tumor DNA in a multi-histology clinical setting. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw380.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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18
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Leggett H, Duijster D, Douglas GVA, Eaton K, van der Heijden GJMG, O'Hanlon K, Whelton H, Listl S. Toward More Patient-Centered and Prevention-Oriented Oral Health Care: The ADVOCATE Project. JDR Clin Trans Res 2016; 2:5-9. [PMID: 30938642 DOI: 10.1177/2380084416668167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ADVOCATE (Added Value for Oral Care) is a project funded by the European Commission's Horizon 2020 program, which aims to develop strategies for a system transition toward more patient-centered and prevention-oriented oral health care delivery within health care systems. This system should balance the restorative and preventive approaches in dental and oral health care. ADVOCATE is a partnership among 6 European Union member states, which involves collaboration among universities, state-funded health care providers, and private insurance companies in Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Aridhia, a biomedical informatics company based in Scotland. There are 6 interrelated work packages, which aim to address the following objectives: 1) in-depth evaluation of oral health care systems in European Union member states to identify best system designs for oral disease prevention, 2) development of a set of measures to provide information on oral care delivery and oral health outcomes, 3) evaluation of a feedback approach in dental practice that aims to facilitate a change toward preventive oral health care delivery, and 4) economic evaluation of strategies to promote preventive oral health care and development of policy recommendations for oral health care systems. The project is novel in its use of data that are routinely collected by health insurance organizations, as well as the engagement of key stakeholders from dental teams, insurers, patients, and policy makers in guiding the development and progress of the project. This article outlines in detail the objectives and research methodology of the ADVOCATE project and its anticipated impact. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This commentary describes the development of policy options to promote a greater focus on disease prevention in general dental practice. The approach builds on identifying the comparative effectiveness of alternative incentive schemes, as well as methods to monitor clinical and patient-derived measures of success in creating health for patients. The article describes the development and application of the measures and the evaluation of their success in orienting clinical practice more toward disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Leggett
- 1 School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D Duijster
- 2 Department of Social Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University, and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G V A Douglas
- 1 School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - K Eaton
- 1 School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G J M G van der Heijden
- 2 Department of Social Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University, and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K O'Hanlon
- 3 Aridhia Informatics Ltd., Hobart House, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - H Whelton
- 1 School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S Listl
- 4 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Translational Health Economics Group, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,5 Department of Quality and Safety of Oral Healthcare, Radboud University, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Chen GY, Golovchenko N, Schaf B, Chen J, Eaton K, Seregin S. NLRP6 function in inflammatory monocytes reduces susceptibility to colitis in mice. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.126.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
NLRP6 is a member of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family, whose members are involved in the recognition of microbes and/or tissue injury. NLRP6 was previously shown to regulate IL-18 secretion and is important for protecting mice against chemically-induced colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer. However, the cellular mechanisms by which NLRP6 reduces susceptibility to colonic inflammation remain unclear. Here, we determined that NLRP6 expression is specifically upregulated in Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes that infiltrate into the colon during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammation. Adoptive transfer of WT Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes into Nlrp6−/− mice was sufficient to protect them from mortality, significantly reducing intestinal permeability and damage. NLRP6-deficient inflammatory monocytes were specifically defective in TNFα production, which was important for reducing DSS-induced mortality and dependent on autocrine IL-18 signaling by inflammatory monocytes. Our data reveal a previously unappreciated role for NLRP6 in inflammatory monocytes, which are recruited during colitis to promote barrier function and limit bacteria-driven inflammation. This study also highlights the importance of early cytokine responses, particularly NLRP6-dependent and IL-18-dependent TNFα production, in preventing chronic dysregulated inflammation that occurs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Seregin SS, Golovchenko N, Schaf B, Pudlo N, Mitchell J, Chen J, Schloss P, Martens E, Eaton K, Chen GY. Nlrp6 limits inflamation in mouse colon by regulating microbiota. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.67.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that involves chronic inflammation involving the colon. We have previously shown that NLRP6 protects against the development of chemically-induced colitis. Here, we demonstrate that NLRP6 is important for suppressing the development of spontaneous colitis in the IL-10−/− mice model of IBD. IL10−/−Nlrp6−/− mice have significantly increased inflammation based on histologic scoring, spleen weight, fecal lipocalin levels, intestinal permeability, infiltration of immune cells, and upregulation of proinflammatory mediators. To determine whether NLRP6 protects against colitis by modulating the microbiome, we generated and recolonized germ-free (GF) Nlrp6−/− mice with the microbiota from WT donors and compared the composition of the microbiome to that of recolonized GF WT mice. We determined that GF WT and Nlrp6−/− mice acquire distinct microbiota upon re-colonization. Importantly, Nlrp6−/− mice have reduced a-diversity and dramatically increased colonization of Akkermansia muciniphila, which was also observed in IL10−/−Nlrp6−/− mice. To determine whether Akkermansia contributes to increased inflammation in IL-10−/− mice, we monocolonized GF IL-10−/− mice with Akkermansia muciniphila and found that these mice developed increased colitis compared to GF IL-10−/− mice gavaged with a control non-colitogenic Bacteroides strain. Altogether these results demonstrate that NLRP6 regulates the colonization of Akkermansia, which in turn, can precipitate colitis in a genetically susceptible host. Our work furthered the insight into the pathogenesis of UC and will be instrumental in the development of therapeutics that reduce pathobionts colonization to treat IBD.
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Fabrikant E, Eaton K. Technology enhanced learning (TEL) for training dental hygienists in ukraine: report of a round table discussion. Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol 2013; 51:e32-e34. [PMID: 25461129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Fabrikant
- International College of Dentists, Section V – Europe, Thessaloniki GR-54622, Greece
| | - K Eaton
- Dental Institute, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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Abstract
Throwing arm injuries are common and often related to the shoulder external and internal rotation. Quantitative assessment may provide new insights to physical assessment and options for treatment. After having signed IRB approved consents and filled out injury questionnaires, 96 baseball pitchers were examined on both shoulders using a custom-made wireless device. The resistance onset angle (ROA), end-point angle (EPA), shoulder rotational flexibility (SRF) in both external and internal rotation, and rotational ranges of motion (ROM) of both shoulders were determined. About 34% of subjects had surgeries on their throwing arm. Another 15% of subjects had throwing arm injuries that did not require surgical treatments. The throwing arm had significantly lower internal ROA, EPA and SRF, but significantly higher external ROA, EPA and SRF than the non-throwing arm. There were significant differences in shoulder rotational properties among groups with different surgery locations. Subjects with shoulder surgeries had greater internal rotation flexibility of their throwing arm than those with surgeries on the elbow. Throwers with injury and surgery history had significantly different shoulder rotational properties. Abnormal shoulder rotational properties may be related to throwing arm injuries. A better understanding of their relationship may lead us to effective preventive measures of throwing arm injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zheng
- Univeristy of North Carolina at Charlotte, Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
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CliniMurphy M, Bennett N, Eaton K, Kottke M. An educational commercial sexual exploitation of children prevention Web site: development and pilot testing in an urban family planning teen. Contraception 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2011.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Huang EH, Johnson LA, Eaton K, Hynes MJ, Carpentino JE, Higgins PDR. Atorvastatin induces apoptosis in vitro and slows growth of tumor xenografts but not polyp formation in MIN mice. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55:3086-94. [PMID: 20186482 PMCID: PMC6557399 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the availability of effective surveillance for colorectal cancer with colonoscopy, relatively few at-risk individuals utilize this option. Colon cancer chemoprevention might be a more acceptable alternative. Some epidemiologic studies have suggested that statins may have chemopreventive effects without the risks of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but other epidemiologic studies have found no effect of statins. METHODS We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of atorvastatin in inducing apoptosis in vitro, in preventing polyp formation in the min mouse, and in preventing tumor growth in nude mice. RESULTS Atorvastatin rapidly induces apoptosis in the HCT116 colon cancer cell line in vitro, and this effect is reversible with mevalonate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, but less so by farnesyl pyrophosphate. Atorvastatin chow was ineffective in reducing polyp formation in the min mouse model, with no significant effect on polyp number. Atorvastatin was effective in significantly slowing the growth of HCT116 colon cancer cell xenografts in nude mice (p = 0.008). Further, this reduction is due to increased levels of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Atorvastatin can induce apoptosis in vitro, through mevalonate and prenylation pathways. Atorvastatin, while not effective in preventing polyp formation in the min mouse model, was very effective in slowing tumor growth in a nude mouse model. Consistent with in vitro findings, increased apoptosis accounted for decreased tumor growth. Statins may have benefit in cancer by slowing tumor growth, rather than preventing tumor initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina H. Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Laura A. Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathryn Eaton
- Department of Comparative Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark J. Hynes
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Albillo J, Eaton K, Lázaro M, Peregrin E, Perez B, Ruberte A, Betancor D, Collazos R, Nieto M, Martín de Francisco L. P01-04 - A descriptive study of patients with bipolar affective disorder admitted in brief hospitalization unit, university hospital of la Princesa. Eur Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(10)70209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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26
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Gandhi L, Chu QS, Stephenson J, Johnson BE, Govindan R, Bonomi P, Eaton K, Fritsch H, Munzert G, Socinski M. An open label phase II trial of the Plk1 inhibitor BI 2536, in patients with sensitive relapse small cell lung cancer (SCLC). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.8108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8108 Background: BI 2536 is a potent, selective inhibitor of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a regulator of mitotic progression. BI 2536 demonstrated favorable tolerability and antitumor activity in phase I trials. We investigated the antitumor efficacy, safety and PK of BI 2536 in patients (pts) with sensitive relapse SCLC. Methods: This open label single arm phase II study followed a Gehan two-stage design. Primary objective was to determine the antitumor efficacy of BI 2536 in SCLC pts with disease recurrence ≥60 days after completion of first-line chemotherapy. 18 pts had to complete 2 courses to be evaluable for stage 1 analysis. In case of ≥2 partial or complete antitumor responses (RECIST criteria), stage 2 accrual would continue until 40 pts were entered. Patients received 200 mg BI 2536 as a 1h i.v. infusion on Day 1 every 3 weeks. Dose escalation to 250 mg (cycle 3 onwards) was encouraged in pts with <Grade 2 drug related non-hematologic and <Grade 3 hematologic toxicity. Results: 23 pts (14 female, 9 male, 21 extensive disease, 2 limited disease), median age 60 yrs (range: 35–77) were treated. All patients had disease recurrence >60 days after completion of first-line therapy. Of 23 pts, no objective antitumor responses were observed, 7 had stable disease as best response, 14 had progression, 2 were not evaluable. A median of 2 courses were given, up to a maximum of 12 in 1 pt. The PFS rate at 3 months was 25%. Due to the lack of antitumor responses, trial accrual was terminated after stage 1. Overall, BI 2536 was well tolerated. Frequent AEs were neutropenia (48%), fatigue (39%), nausea (30%), anemia, vomiting, constipation (26% each), and thrombocytopenia (22%). Drug related grade 3/4 AEs were neutropenia (13%/26%), grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia (1 pt each), grade 3/4 anemia (1 pt each), grade 4 sepsis (1 pt), Grade 4 ARDS (1 pt) and Grade 3 fatigue (1 pt). PK analyses indicate that BI 2536 has high clearance (>1,000 mL/min) and quickly distributes in multiple compartments in a large volume of distribution (>1,000 L). Estimated elimination half-life was >25 h. Conclusions: BI 2536 was well tolerated in relapsed SCLC pts, but demonstrated no convincing antitumor efficacy after stage I of the study. Therefore, BI 2536 will not be assessed further as a single agent in SCLC. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Gandhi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; Washington School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Q. S. Chu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; Washington School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - J. Stephenson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; Washington School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - B. E. Johnson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; Washington School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - R. Govindan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; Washington School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - P. Bonomi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; Washington School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - K. Eaton
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; Washington School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - H. Fritsch
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; Washington School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - G. Munzert
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; Washington School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - M. Socinski
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Cancer Center of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC; Washington School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Goulart B, Carr L, Martins RG, Eaton K, Kell E, Wallace S, Capell P, Mankoff D. Phase II study of sunitinib in iodine refractory, well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) and metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.6062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Natarajan K, Chen J, Kolhe R, Eaton K, Fiskus W, Rao R, Wang Y, Lee P, Atadja P, Bhalla KN. Depletion of HDAC7 and de-repression of Nur77: a mechanism for sensitivity of cutaneous lymphoma (CTCL) cells to pan- histone deacetylase inhibitor Panobinostat (LBH589). J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Winning T, Needleman I, Rohlin M, Carrassi A, Chadwick B, Eaton K, Hardwick K, Ivancakova R, Jallaludin RL, Johnsen D, Kim JG, Lekkas D, Li D, Onisei D, Pissiotis A, Reynolds P, Tonni I, Vanobbergen J, Vassileva R, Virtanen J, Wesselink P, Wilson N. Evidence-based care and the curriculum. Eur J Dent Educ 2008; 12 Suppl 1:48-63. [PMID: 18289268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2007.00480.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An evidence-based (EB) approach has been a significant driver in reforming healthcare over the past two decades. This change has extended across a broad range of health professions, including oral healthcare. A key element in achieving an EB approach to oral healthcare is educating our practitioners, both current and future. This involves providing opportunities integrated within simulated and actual clinical settings for practitioners to learn and apply the principles and processes of evidence-based oral healthcare (EBOHC). Therefore, the focus of this discussion will be on ways in which EBOHC and associated research activities can be implemented into curricula, with the aim of improving patient care. This paper will initially define the scope of EBOHC and research, what these involve, why they are important, and issues that we need to manage when implementing EBOHC. This will be followed by a discussion of factors that enable successful implementation of EBOHC and research into curricula. The paper concludes with suggestions on the future of EBOHC and research in curricula. Key recommendations related to curricula include strengthening of the culture of a scientific approach to education and oral healthcare provision; complete integration of EBOHC into the curriculum at all levels; and faculty development to implement EBOHC based on their needs and evidence of effective approaches. Key recommendations to support implementation and maintenance of EBOHC include recognition and funding for high-quality systematic reviews and development of associated methodologies relevant for global environments; building global capacity of EBOHC researchers; research into improving translation of effective interventions into education and healthcare practice, including patient-reported outcomes, safety and harms, understanding and incorporation of patient values into EB decision-making, economic evaluation research specific to oral healthcare and effective methods for changing practitioner (faculty) behaviours; and extend access to synthesized research in 'user friendly' formats and languages tailored to meet users' needs. Realizing these recommendations may help to improve access to effective healthcare as a basic human right.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Winning
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Koutkia P, Eaton K, You SM, Breu J, Grinspoon SK. 43 GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION AMONG HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS: EFFECTS OF GENDER, RACE, AND FAT DISTRIBUTION. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0015.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Koutkia P, Eaton K, You S, Breu J, Grinspoon S. Growth Hormone Secretion among Hiv-Infected Patients: Effects of Gender, Race, and Fat Distribution. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/108155890605402s122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Koutkia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Program in Nutritional Metabolism and Neuroendocrine Unit, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - K. Eaton
- Massachusetts General Hospital Program in Nutritional Metabolism and Neuroendocrine Unit, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - S.M. You
- Massachusetts General Hospital Program in Nutritional Metabolism and Neuroendocrine Unit, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - J. Breu
- General Clinical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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Schlipf JW, Eaton K, Fulkerson P, Riebold TW, Cebra C. Constant rate infusion of ketamine reduces minimal alveolar concentration of isoflurane in alpacas. Vet Anaesth Analg 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00232a_15.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sah R, Pritchard LM, Richtand NM, Ahlbrand R, Eaton K, Sallee FR, Herman JP. Expression of the glucocorticoid-induced receptor mRNA in rat brain. Neuroscience 2005; 133:281-92. [PMID: 15893650 PMCID: PMC1815382 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Revised: 01/03/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid-induced receptor (GIR) is an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor awaiting pharmacological characterization. GIR was originally identified in murine thymoma cells, and shows a widespread, yet not completely complementary distribution in mouse and human brain. Expression of the mouse GIR gene is modulated by dexamethasone in the brain and periphery, suggesting that GIR function is directly responsive to glucocorticoid signals. The rat GIR was cloned from rat prefrontal cortex by our group and was shown to be up-regulated following chronic amphetamine. The physiological role of GIR in the rat is not known at present. In order to gain a clearer understanding of the potential functions of GIR in the rat, we performed a detailed mapping of GIR mRNA expression in the rat brain. GIR mRNA showed widespread distribution in forebrain limbic and thalamic structures, and a more restricted distribution in hindbrain areas such as the spinal trigeminal nucleus and the median raphe nucleus. Areas with moderate to high levels of GIR include olfactory regions such as the nucleus of olfactory tract, hippocampus, various thalamic nuclei, cortical layers, and some hypothalamic nuclei. In comparison with previous studies, significant regional differences exist in GIR distribution in mouse and rat brain, particularly in the thalamus, striatum and in hippocampus at a cellular level. Overall, the expression of GIR in rat brain more closely approaches that seen previously in human than mouse, suggesting that rat models may be more informative for understanding the role of GIR in glucocorticoid physiology and glucocorticoid-related disease states. GIR mRNA distribution in the rat indicates a potential role of this receptor in the control of feeding and ingestive behavior, regulation of stress and emotional behavior, learning and memory, and, drug reinforcement and reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229-0559, USA.
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Eaton K, Francis C, Odell E, Reynolds P, Mason R. Participating dentists' assessment of the pilot regional online videoconferencing in dentistry (PROVIDENT) project. Br Dent J 2001. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4801176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
With galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), electrical current is delivered transcutaneously to the vestibular afferents through electrodes placed over the mastoid bones. This serves to modulate the continuous firing levels of the vestibular afferents, and causes a standing subject to lean in different directions depending on the polarity of the current. Our objective in this study was to test the hypothesis that the sway response elicited by GVS can be used to reduce the postural sway resulting from a mechanical perturbation. Nine subjects were tested for their postural responses to both galvanic stimuli and support-surface translations. Transfer-function models were fit to these responses and used to calculate a galvanic stimulus that would act to counteract sway induced by a support-surface translation. The subjects' responses to support-surface translations, without and with the stabilizing galvanic stimulus, were then measured. With the stabilizing galvanic stimulus, all subjects showed significant reductions in both sway amplitude and sway latency. Thus, with GVS, subjects maintained a more erect stance and followed the support-surface displacement more closely. These findings suggest that GVS could possibly form the basis for a vestibular prosthesis by providing a means through which an individual's posture can be systematically controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Scinicariello
- Center for BioDynamics and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington St., Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Variyam
- Departments of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Boot-Vickers M, Eaton K. Skin care for patients receiving radiotherapy. Prof Nurse 1999; 14:706-8. [PMID: 10481721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy can cause significant skin reactions. Research suggests that skin care practices are diverse for patients receiving radiotherapy. Standardised practice enables nurses to evaluate interventions.
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Abstract
Lymphoedema affects 25-28% of patients who have undergone axillary surgery or radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer. The prevalence of primary lymphoedema or of lymphoedema secondary to non-cancer causes is unknown. In addition, basic demographic and disease characteristics of the lymphoedema population remain undocumented. We conducted a prospective survey to determine these characteristics. Lymphoedema treatment clinics in the UK were invited to participate at the British Lymphology Society 1996 Annual Conference. Twenty-seven clinics collected a standard data set for all new referrals in a 3-month period in 1997. The sample size was 603. The mean number of new referrals was 7.4 patients per unit per month. Eighty per cent of patients had cancer-related lymphoedema, and 86% of patients were female. Patients' mean age was 61.0 years. Thirty-seven per cent of the sample had suffered lymphoedema for less than 3 months, and 15% for 5 years or more. Patients with non-cancer related oedema had suffered the condition disproportionately longer than the cancer-related group (chi 2 = 102.2, P < 0.001). Sixty-six per cent of patients were reported as having lymphoedema at more than one site. Seventy-four per cent of all patients suffered unilateral limb oedema, and 23% bilateral limb oedema. Bilateral swelling was recorded for 67% of the non-cancer related group and 13% of the cancer related group (chi 2 = 153.4, P < 0.001). Median percentage excess volume (PCEV) for all patients with unilateral limb oedema was 16.4%. There was a positive relationship between PCEV and duration of the condition (H = 24.0, P < 0.001), and PCEV and non-cancer related lymphoedema (H = 10.5, P < 0.05). These results suggest that patients with non-cancer related lymphoedema and those with cancer-related lymphoedema form two distinct groups. The former present substantial management problems which are made more complex by late referral.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sitzia
- Worthing and Southlands Hospitals NHS Trust, Worthing Hospital, UK
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Eaton K, Nathan K. The MGDS examination: a systematic approach. 3. Part II of the examination: diagnosis, treatment planning, execution of treatment, maintenance and appraisal, writing-up log diaries. Prim Dent Care 1998; 5:113-8. [PMID: 9759054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper is the third in a series of four which present a systematic approach to colleagues who are preparing for and sitting the examination for the Diploma of Membership in General Dental Surgery (MGDS) of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. Although some details may differ, the general principles set out in the four papers apply equally to the MGDS examinations of the other Royal Surgical Colleges.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Eaton
- Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Healthcare Sciences, University of London
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Eaton K, Nathan K. The MGDS examination: a systematic approach. 2. Part II of the examination: log diary presentation, patient selection and assessment. Prim Dent Care 1998; 5:47-53. [PMID: 9656936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper is the second in a series of four which present a systematic approach to colleagues who are preparing for and sitting the examination for the Diploma of Membership in General Dental Surgery (MGDS) of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. Although some details may differ, the general principles set out in the four papers apply equally to the MGDS examinations of the other Royal Surgical Colleges.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Eaton
- Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Healthcare Sciences, University of London
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Nathan K, Eaton K. The MGDS examination: a systematic approach. 1. General preparation and Part I of the examination. Member in General Dental Surgery. Prim Dent Care 1998; 5:21-7. [PMID: 9526264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper is the first in a series of four which present a systematic approach to colleagues who are preparing for and sitting the examination for the Diploma of Membership in General Dental Surgery (MGDS) of The Royal College of Surgeons of England. Although some details may differ, the general principles set out in the four papers apply equally to the MGDS examinations of the other Royal Surgical Colleges.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nathan
- Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Healthcare Sciences, University of London
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Green WB, Eaton K, Krakowka S. Porcine gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT): stimulation by colonization with the gastric bacterial pathogen, Helicobacter pylori. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1997; 56:119-31. [PMID: 9220586 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(96)05736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The presence and features of mucosa associated lymhoid tissue (MALT), analogous to Peyer's patches, in the cardia of the lesser curvature of the porcine stomach are described. The gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (gastric-MALT) is histologically distinct from gastric inflammation associated with colonization by normal gastric microflora and experimental bacterial colonization with a human gastric bacterial pathogen, Helicobacter pylori. The gastric-MALT consists of well-demarcated encapsulated and organized lymphoid tissue, intimately associated with overlying gastric epithelium, centered below the muscularis mucosae and drained by efferent lymphatics. Gastric-MALT was identified in all piglets studied including microbially sterile uninfected gnotobiotes; these structures were enlarged with age and local (gastric) antigenic stimulation. Significant (P < 0.05) expansion of the gastric-MALT occurred in H. pylori-infected gnotobiotic piglets. These distinct morphologic features and location in the cardia suggest that lymphoid elements in the gastric-MALT are involved in gastric antigen processing and regional lymphoid maturation, differentiation and proliferation in the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Green
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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Abstract
Because anticancer drugs are cytotoxic for normal as well as neoplastic cells, the range of unwanted effects that accompanies their use is broad. Many of the side effects are potentially life-threatening or seriously debilitating. Many are similar to, and readily confused with, direct or indirect (paraneoplastic) consequences of the cancer itself. Recognition of drug side effects is vital for optimal patient care, because early withdrawal of the offending agent and institution of appropriate treatment have the potential to significantly reduce the overall morbidity and mortality associated with the diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Lowenthal
- Royal Hobart Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Australia
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Helmer DC, Dunn LM, Eaton K, Macedonio C, Lubritz L. Implementing corporate wellness programs: a business approach to program planning. AAOHN J 1995; 43:558-63. [PMID: 7575791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
1. Support of key decision makers is critical to the successful implementation of a corporate wellness program. Therefore, the program implementation plan must be communicated in a format and language readily understood by business people. 2. A business approach to corporate wellness program planning provides a standardized way to communicate the implementation plan. 3. A business approach incorporates the program planning components in a format that ranges from general to specific. This approach allows for flexibility and responsiveness to changes in program planning. 4. Components of the business approach are the executive summary, purpose, background, ground rules, approach, requirements, scope of work, schedule, and financials.
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Myerson M, Papa J, Eaton K, Wilson K. The total-contact cast for management of neuropathic plantar ulceration of the foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1992; 74:261-9. [PMID: 1311710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Seventy-one neuropathic ulcers of the foot in sixty-six patients were treated with the use of a total-contact cast. The ulcers had been present for an average of five months (range, one to twenty-nine months) and were graded according to the Wagner classification; only patients who had grade-I or grade-II lesions were treated with a total-contact cast. The diameter of the ulcer averaged 3.5 centimeters (range, 1.5 to 15.5 centimeters). Sixty-four (90 per cent) of seventy-one ulcers were healed at a mean of five and one-half weeks (range, one to fourteen weeks). A deep infection developed in two patients during treatment. Twenty-two ulcers (31 per cent) recurred within eighteen months after initial healing; nineteen (86 per cent) of them healed after an average of two weeks in a second cast. Recurrent ulceration was usually associated with an underlying fixed deformity or osseous prominence. The total-contact cast provided safe, reliable, and cost-effective treatment for patients who had neuropathic ulcers of the foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Myerson
- Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
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Eaton K. Final ADA regulations to be issued this month. Health Facil Manage 1991; 4:46, 48-50. [PMID: 10170752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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