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Rifkin SB, Sze MA, Tuck K, Koeppe E, Stoffel EM, Schloss PD. Gut Microbiome Composition in Lynch Syndrome With and Without History of Colorectal Neoplasia and Non-Lynch Controls. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024; 55:207-218. [PMID: 37310549 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-023-00925-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While Lynch syndrome (LS) is a highly penetrant colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome, there is considerable variation in penetrance; few studies have investigated the association between microbiome and CRC risk in LS. We analyzed the microbiome composition among individuals with LS with and without personal history of colorectal neoplasia (CRN) and non-LS controls. METHODS We sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from the stool of 46 individuals with LS and 53 individuals without LS. We characterized within community and in between community microbiome variation, compared taxon abundance, and built machine learning models to investigate the differences in microbiome. RESULTS There was no difference within or between community variations among LS groups, but there was a statistically significant difference in both within and between community variation comparing LS to non-LS. Streptococcus and Actinomyces were differentially enriched in LS-CRC compared to LS-without CRN. There were numerous differences in taxa abundance comparing LS to non-LS; notably, Veillonella was enriched and Faecalibacterium and Romboutsia were depleted in LS. Finally, machine learning models classifying LS from non-LS controls and LS-CRC from LS-without CRN performed moderately well. CONCLUSIONS Differences in microbiome composition between LS and non-LS may suggest a microbiome pattern unique to LS formed by underlying differences in epithelial biology and immunology. We found specific taxa differences among LS groups, which may be due to underlying anatomy. Larger prospective studies following for CRN diagnosis and microbiome composition changes are needed to determine if microbiome composition contributes to CRN development in patients with LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Rifkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - M A Sze
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - K Tuck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - E Koeppe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - E M Stoffel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - P D Schloss
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Ang B, Sookram A, Devendran C, He V, Tuck K, Cadarso V, Neild A. Glass-embedded PDMS microfluidic device for enhanced concentration of nanoparticles using an ultrasonic nanosieve. Lab Chip 2023; 23:525-533. [PMID: 36633124 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00802e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) driven devices typically employ polymeric microfluidic channels of low acoustic impedance mismatch to the fluid in contact, to allow precise control of the wave field. Several of these applications, however, can benefit from the implementation of an acoustically reflective surface at the microfluidic channel's ceiling to increase energy retention within the fluid and hence, performance of the device. In this work, we embed a glass insert at the ceiling of the PDMS microfluidic channel used in a SAW activated nanosieve, which utilises a microparticle resonance for enrichment of nanoparticles. Due to the system's independence of performance on channel geometry and wave field pattern, the glass-inserted device allowed for a 30-fold increase in flow rate, from 0.05 μl min-1 to 1.5 μL min-1, whilst maintaining high capture efficiencies of >90%, when compared to its previously reported design. This effectively enables the system to process larger volume samples, which typically is a main limitation of these type of devices. This work demonstrates a simple way to increase the performance and throughput of SAW-based devices, especially within systems that can benefit from the energy retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia.
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Ankush Sookram
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia.
| | - Citsabehsan Devendran
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia.
| | - Vincent He
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia.
| | - Kellie Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Victor Cadarso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia.
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian Neild
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia.
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Perchyonok V, Tuck K, Ryan S, Langford S, Hearn M. Facile and Selective Deallylations of Esters under ‘Aqueous’ Free-Radical Conditions. Synlett 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1072727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tuck K, Blair M, Andrews P, Fraser B, Forsyth C, Junk P, Massi M. Facile Methods for the Separation of the cis- and trans-Diastereomers of Limonene 1,2-Oxide and Convenient Routes to Diequatorial and Diaxial 1,2-Diols. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-966033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fenalti G, Law RHP, Buckle AM, Langendorf C, Tuck K, Rosado CJ, Faux NG, Mahmood K, Hampe CS, Banga JP, Wilce M, Schmidberger J, Rossjohn J, El-Kabbani O, Pike RN, Smith AI, Mackay IR, Rowley MJ, Whisstock JC. GABA production by glutamic acid decarboxylase is regulated by a dynamic catalytic loop. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2007; 14:280-6. [PMID: 17384644 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is synthesized by two isoforms of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67). GAD67 is constitutively active and is responsible for basal GABA production. In contrast, GAD65, an autoantigen in type I diabetes, is transiently activated in response to the demand for extra GABA in neurotransmission, and cycles between an active holo form and an inactive apo form. We have determined the crystal structures of N-terminal truncations of both GAD isoforms. The structure of GAD67 shows a tethered loop covering the active site, providing a catalytic environment that sustains GABA production. In contrast, the same catalytic loop is inherently mobile in GAD65. Kinetic studies suggest that mobility in the catalytic loop promotes a side reaction that results in cofactor release and GAD65 autoinactivation. These data reveal the molecular basis for regulation of GABA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Fenalti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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Stupans L, Tan HW, Kirlich A, Tuck K, Hayball P, Murray M. Inhibition of CYP3A-mediated oxidation in human hepatic microsomes by the dietary derived complex phenol, gallic acid. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002; 54:269-75. [PMID: 11848291 DOI: 10.1211/0022357021778303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Plant polyphenols, such as gallic acid, have been reported to have a range of biological activities including antimutagenic effects. Previously, we reported that gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid), an agent found in wine and tea, inhibits androstenedione 6beta-hydroxylase activity (Ki 70 microm), a cytochrome P450 (CYP3A) marker in human liver microsomes. The pre-incubation of gallic acid (100 microM) with human liver microsomes in the absence of NADPH, as compared with the presence of NADPH, before assay of androstenedione 6beta-hydroxylase activity significantly increased the inhibitory effects of the gallic acid (0.03 +/- 0.03 nmol (mg microsomal protein)(-1) min(-1) compared with 0.20 +/- 0.06 nmol (mg microsomal protein) (-1) min(-1) (P < 0.05)). The antioxidant ascorbic acid and the radical scavenger glutathione prevented this observed increase in inhibition. Removal of gallic acid-derived products from the incubation completely restored CYP3A activity. In contrast, the activities of CYP1A and CYP2E, and non-CYP mediated reductive microsomal 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity were refractory to inhibition by gallic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leva Stupans
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmaceutical, Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia.
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Pohlenz J, Tuck K. [Identification of transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs in Germany. 3. Pathologic anatomical and histological findings]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr (1946) 1969; 76:561-7. [PMID: 5391878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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