1
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Zgadzaj R, Welch J, Cao Y, Amorim LD, Cheng A, Gaikwad A, Iapozzutto P, Kumar P, Litvinenko VN, Petrushina I, Samulyak R, Vafaei-Najafabadi N, Joshi C, Zhang C, Babzien M, Fedurin M, Kupfer R, Kusche K, Palmer MA, Pogorelsky IV, Polyanskiy MN, Swinson C, Downer MC. Plasma electron acceleration driven by a long-wave-infrared laser. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4037. [PMID: 38740793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Laser-driven plasma accelerators provide tabletop sources of relativistic electron bunches and femtosecond x-ray pulses, but usually require petawatt-class solid-state-laser pulses of wavelength λL ~ 1 μm. Longer-λL lasers can potentially accelerate higher-quality bunches, since they require less power to drive larger wakes in less dense plasma. Here, we report on a self-injecting plasma accelerator driven by a long-wave-infrared laser: a chirped-pulse-amplified CO2 laser (λL ≈ 10 μm). Through optical scattering experiments, we observed wakes that 4-ps CO2 pulses with < 1/2 terawatt (TW) peak power drove in hydrogen plasma of electron density down to 4 × 1017 cm-3 (1/100 atmospheric density) via a self-modulation (SM) instability. Shorter, more powerful CO2 pulses drove wakes in plasma down to 3 × 1016 cm-3 that captured and accelerated plasma electrons to relativistic energy. Collimated quasi-monoenergetic features in the electron output marked the onset of a transition from SM to bubble-regime acceleration, portending future higher-quality accelerators driven by yet shorter, more powerful pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zgadzaj
- University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway C1600, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - J Welch
- University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway C1600, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Y Cao
- University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway C1600, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - L D Amorim
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - A Cheng
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - A Gaikwad
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - P Iapozzutto
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - P Kumar
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | | | - I Petrushina
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - R Samulyak
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | | | - C Joshi
- University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - C Zhang
- University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - M Babzien
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - R Kupfer
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - K Kusche
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - M A Palmer
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | | | | | - C Swinson
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - M C Downer
- University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway C1600, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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2
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Childs JE, Morabito S, Das S, Santelli C, Pham V, Kusche K, Vera VA, Reese F, Campbell RR, Matheos DP, Swarup V, Wood MA. Relapse to cocaine seeking is regulated by medial habenula NR4A2/NURR1 in mice. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113956. [PMID: 38489267 PMCID: PMC11100346 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Drugs of abuse can persistently change the reward circuit in ways that contribute to relapse behavior, partly via mechanisms that regulate chromatin structure and function. Nuclear orphan receptor subfamily4 groupA member2 (NR4A2, also known as NURR1) is an important effector of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)-dependent mechanisms in persistent memory processes and is highly expressed in the medial habenula (MHb), a region that regulates nicotine-associated behaviors. Here, expressing the Nr4a2 dominant negative (Nurr2c) in the MHb blocks reinstatement of cocaine seeking in mice. We use single-nucleus transcriptomics to characterize the molecular cascade following Nr4a2 manipulation, revealing changes in transcriptional networks related to addiction, neuroplasticity, and GABAergic and glutamatergic signaling. The network controlled by NR4A2 is characterized using a transcription factor regulatory network inference algorithm. These results identify the MHb as a pivotal regulator of relapse behavior and demonstrate the importance of NR4A2 as a key mechanism driving the MHb component of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Childs
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Samuel Morabito
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Mathematical, Computational, and Systems Biology (MCSB) Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Caterina Santelli
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Victoria Pham
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kelly Kusche
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Vanessa Alizo Vera
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Fairlie Reese
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rianne R Campbell
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Dina P Matheos
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Marcelo A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; UC Irvine Center for Addiction Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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3
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Gadjev I, Sudar N, Babzien M, Duris J, Hoang P, Fedurin M, Kusche K, Malone R, Musumeci P, Palmer M, Pogorelsky I, Polyanskiy M, Sakai Y, Swinson C, Williams O, Rosenzweig JB. An inverse free electron laser acceleration-driven Compton scattering X-ray source. Sci Rep 2019; 9:532. [PMID: 30679471 PMCID: PMC6345986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of X-rays and γ-rays based on synchrotron radiation from free electrons, emitted in magnet arrays such as undulators, forms the basis of much of modern X-ray science. This approach has the drawback of requiring very high energy, up to the multi-GeV-scale, electron beams, to obtain the required photon energy. Due to the limit in accelerating gradients in conventional particle accelerators, reaching high energy typically demands use of instruments exceeding 100’s of meters in length. Compact, less costly, monochromatic X-ray sources based on very high field acceleration and very short period undulators, however, may enable diverse, paradigm-changing X-ray applications ranging from novel X-ray therapy techniques to active interrogation of sensitive materials, by making them accessible in energy reach, cost and size. Such compactness and enhanced energy reach may be obtained by an all-optical approach, which employs a laser-driven high gradient accelerator based on inverse free electron laser (IFEL), followed by a collision point for inverse Compton scattering (ICS), a scheme where a laser is used to provide undulator fields. We present an experimental proof-of-principle of this approach, where a TW-class CO2 laser pulse is split in two, with half used to accelerate a high quality electron beam up to 84 MeV through the IFEL interaction, and the other half acts as an electromagnetic undulator to generate up to 13 keV X-rays via ICS. These results demonstrate the feasibility of this scheme, which can be joined with other techniques such as laser recirculation to yield very compact photon sources, with both high peak and average brilliance, and with energies extending from the keV to MeV scale. Further, use of the IFEL acceleration with the ICS interaction produces a train of high intensity X-ray pulses, thus enabling a unique tool synchronized with a laser pulse for ultra-fast strobe, pump-probe experimental scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gadjev
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - N Sudar
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - M Babzien
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - J Duris
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - P Hoang
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - K Kusche
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - R Malone
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - P Musumeci
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - M Palmer
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - I Pogorelsky
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - M Polyanskiy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Y Sakai
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - C Swinson
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - O Williams
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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4
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Hoang PD, Andonian G, Gadjev I, Naranjo B, Sakai Y, Sudar N, Williams O, Fedurin M, Kusche K, Swinson C, Zhang P, Rosenzweig JB. Experimental Characterization of Electron-Beam-Driven Wakefield Modes in a Dielectric-Woodpile Cartesian Symmetric Structure. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:164801. [PMID: 29756951 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.164801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photonic structures operating in the terahertz (THz) spectral region enable the essential characteristics of confinement, modal control, and electric field shielding for very high gradient accelerators based on wakefields in dielectrics. We report here an experimental investigation of THz wakefield modes in a three-dimensional photonic woodpile structure. Selective control in exciting or suppressing of wakefield modes with a nonzero transverse wave vector is demonstrated by using drive beams of varying transverse ellipticity. Additionally, we show that the wakefield spectrum is insensitive to the offset position of strongly elliptical beams. These results are consistent with analytic theory and three-dimensional simulations and illustrate a key advantage of wakefield systems with Cartesian symmetry: the suppression of transverse wakes by elliptical beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Hoang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - G Andonian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - I Gadjev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - B Naranjo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - Y Sakai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - N Sudar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - O Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Kusche
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Swinson
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - P Zhang
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
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5
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Sudar N, Musumeci P, Gadjev I, Sakai Y, Fabbri S, Polyanskiy M, Pogorelsky I, Fedurin M, Swinson C, Kusche K, Babzien M, Palmer M. Demonstration of Cascaded Modulator-Chicane Microbunching of a Relativistic Electron Beam. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:114802. [PMID: 29601767 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.114802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present results of an experiment showing the first successful demonstration of a cascaded microbunching scheme. Two modulator-chicane prebunchers arranged in series and a high power mid-IR laser seed are used to modulate a 52 MeV electron beam into a train of sharp microbunches phase locked to the external drive laser. This configuration is shown to greatly improve matching of the beam into the small longitudinal phase space acceptance of short-wavelength accelerators. We demonstrate trapping of nearly all (96%) of the electrons in a strongly tapered inverse free-electron laser accelerator, with an order-of-magnitude reduction in injection losses compared to the classical single-buncher scheme. These results represent a critical advance in laser-based longitudinal phase space manipulations and find application in high gradient advanced acceleration as well as in high peak and average power coherent radiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sudar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Musumeci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - I Gadjev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Y Sakai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Fabbri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Polyanskiy
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - I Pogorelsky
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Swinson
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Kusche
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Babzien
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Palmer
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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6
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Andonian G, Barber S, O'Shea FH, Fedurin M, Kusche K, Swinson C, Rosenzweig JB. Generation of Ramped Current Profiles in Relativistic Electron Beams Using Wakefields in Dielectric Structures. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:054802. [PMID: 28211719 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.054802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Temporal pulse tailoring of charged-particle beams is essential to optimize efficiency in collinear wakefield acceleration schemes. In this Letter, we demonstrate a novel phase space manipulation method that employs a beam wakefield interaction in a dielectric structure, followed by bunch compression in a permanent magnet chicane, to longitudinally tailor the pulse shape of an electron beam. This compact, passive, approach was used to generate a nearly linearly ramped current profile in a relativistic electron beam experiment carried out at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Accelerator Test Facility. Here, we report on these experimental results including beam and wakefield diagnostics and pulse profile reconstruction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andonian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- RadiaBeam Technologies, Santa Monica, California 90404, USA
| | - S Barber
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F H O'Shea
- RadiaBeam Technologies, Santa Monica, California 90404, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Kusche
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Swinson
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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7
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Sudar N, Musumeci P, Duris J, Gadjev I, Polyanskiy M, Pogorelsky I, Fedurin M, Swinson C, Kusche K, Babzien M, Gover A. High Efficiency Energy Extraction from a Relativistic Electron Beam in a Strongly Tapered Undulator. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:174801. [PMID: 27824445 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.174801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present results of an experiment where, using a 200 GW CO_{2} laser seed, a 65 MeV electron beam was decelerated down to 35 MeV in a 54-cm-long strongly tapered helical magnetic undulator, extracting over 30% of the initial electron beam energy to coherent radiation. These results, supported by simulations of the radiation field evolution, demonstrate unparalleled electro-optical conversion efficiencies for a relativistic beam in an undulator field and represent an important step in the development of high peak and average power coherent radiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sudar
- Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Musumeci
- Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J Duris
- Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - I Gadjev
- Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Polyanskiy
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - I Pogorelsky
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Swinson
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Kusche
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Babzien
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Gover
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Physical Electronics, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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8
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Andonian G, Williams O, Barber S, Bruhwiler D, Favier P, Fedurin M, Fitzmorris K, Fukasawa A, Hoang P, Kusche K, Naranjo B, O'Shea B, Stoltz P, Swinson C, Valloni A, Rosenzweig JB. Planar-dielectric-wakefield accelerator structure using Bragg-reflector boundaries. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:264801. [PMID: 25615344 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.264801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental measurements of narrow-band, single-mode excitation, and drive beam energy modulation, in a dielectric wakefield accelerating structure with planar geometry and Bragg-reflector boundaries. A short, relativistic electron beam (∼1 ps) with moderate charge (∼100 pC) is used to drive the wakefields in the structure. The fundamental mode of the structure is reinforced by constructive interference in the alternating dielectric layers at the boundary, and is characterized by the spectral analysis of the emitted coherent Cherenkov radiation signal. Data analysis shows a narrow-band peak at 210 GHz corresponding to the fundamental mode of the structure. Simulations in both 2D and 3D provide insight into the propagating fields and reproduction of the electron beams dynamics observables and emitted radiation characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andonian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - O Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Barber
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D Bruhwiler
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado 80304, USA
| | - P Favier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Fitzmorris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - A Fukasawa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Hoang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K Kusche
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - B Naranjo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - B O'Shea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Stoltz
- Tech-X Corporation, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - C Swinson
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Valloni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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9
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Duris J, Musumeci P, Babzien M, Fedurin M, Kusche K, Li RK, Moody J, Pogorelsky I, Polyanskiy M, Rosenzweig JB, Sakai Y, Swinson C, Threlkeld E, Williams O, Yakimenko V. High-quality electron beams from a helical inverse free-electron laser accelerator. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4928. [PMID: 25222026 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Compact, table-top sized accelerators are key to improving access to high-quality beams for use in industry, medicine and academic research. Among laser-based accelerating schemes, the inverse free-electron laser (IFEL) enjoys unique advantages. By using an undulator magnetic field in combination with a laser, GeV m(-1) gradients may be sustained over metre-scale distances using laser intensities several orders of magnitude less than those used in laser wake-field accelerators. Here we show for the first time the capture and high-gradient acceleration of monoenergetic electron beams from a helical IFEL. Using a modest intensity (~10(13) W cm(-2)) laser pulse and strongly tapered 0.5 m long undulator, we demonstrate >100 MV m(-1) accelerating gradient, >50 MeV energy gain and excellent output beam quality. Our results pave the way towards compact, tunable GeV IFEL accelerators for applications such as driving soft X-ray free-electron lasers and producing γ-rays by inverse Compton scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Duris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Musumeci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Babzien
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Kusche
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R K Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J Moody
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - I Pogorelsky
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Polyanskiy
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Y Sakai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Swinson
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - E Threlkeld
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - O Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - V Yakimenko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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10
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Antipov S, Babzien M, Jing C, Fedurin M, Gai W, Kanareykin A, Kusche K, Yakimenko V, Zholents A. Subpicosecond bunch train production for a tunable mJ level THz source. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:134802. [PMID: 24116784 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.134802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A strong energy modulation in an electron bunch passing through a dielectric-lined waveguide was recently demonstrated in Antipov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 144801 (2012). In this Letter, we demonstrate a successful conversion of this energy modulation into a beam density modulation, and the formation of a series of microbunches with a subpicosecond periodicity by means of magnetic optics (chicane). A strong coherent transition radiation signal produced by the microbunches is obtained and the tunability of its carrier frequency in the 0.68-0.9 THz range by regulating the energy chirp in the incoming electron bunch is demonstrated using infrared interferometry. A tabletop, compact, tunable, and narrowband source of intense THz radiation based on this technology is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Antipov
- Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, Ohio 44139, USA and High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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11
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Allen B, Yakimenko V, Babzien M, Fedurin M, Kusche K, Muggli P. Experimental study of current filamentation instability. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:185007. [PMID: 23215291 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.185007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Current filamentation instability is observed and studied in a laboratory environment with a 60 MeV electron beam and a plasma capillary discharge. Multiple filaments are observed and imaged transversely at the plasma exit with optical transition radiation. By varying the plasma density the transition between single and multiple filaments is found to be k(p)σ(r)~2.2. Scaling of the transverse filament size with the plasma skin depth is predicted in theory and observed over a range of plasma densities. Lowering the bunch charge, and thus the bunch density, suppresses the instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Allen
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
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12
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Andonian G, Stratakis D, Babzien M, Barber S, Fedurin M, Hemsing E, Kusche K, Muggli P, O'Shea B, Wei X, Williams O, Yakimenko V, Rosenzweig JB. Dielectric wakefield acceleration of a relativistic electron beam in a slab-symmetric dielectric lined waveguide. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:244801. [PMID: 23004279 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.244801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report first evidence of wakefield acceleration of a relativistic electron beam in a dielectric-lined slab-symmetric structure. The high energy tail of a ∼60 MeV electron beam was accelerated by ∼150 keV in a 2 cm-long, slab-symmetric SiO2 waveguide, with the acceleration or deceleration clearly visible due to the use of a beam with a bifurcated longitudinal distribution that serves to approximate a driver-witness beam pair. This split-bunch distribution is verified by longitudinal reconstruction analysis of the emitted coherent transition radiation. The dielectric waveguide structure is further characterized by spectral analysis of the emitted coherent Cherenkov radiation at THz frequencies, from a single electron bunch, and from a relativistic bunch train with spacing selectively tuned to the second longitudinal mode (TM02). Start-to-end simulation results reproduce aspects of the electron beam bifurcation dynamics, emitted THz radiation properties, and the observation of acceleration in the dielectric-lined, slab-symmetric waveguide.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andonian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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13
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Antipov S, Jing C, Fedurin M, Gai W, Kanareykin A, Kusche K, Schoessow P, Yakimenko V, Zholents A. Experimental observation of energy modulation in electron beams passing through terahertz dielectric wakefield structures. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:144801. [PMID: 22540797 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.144801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a strong wakefield induced energy modulation in an energy-chirped electron bunch passing through a dielectric-lined waveguide. This modulation can be effectively converted into a spatial modulation forming microbunches with a periodicity of 0.5-1 ps and, hence, capable of driving coherent terahertz radiation. The experimental results agree well with theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Antipov
- Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, Ohio 44139, USA
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14
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Stolyarova E, Stolyarov D, Bolotin K, Ryu S, Liu L, Rim KT, Klima M, Hybertsen M, Pogorelsky I, Pavlishin I, Kusche K, Hone J, Kim P, Stormer HL, Yakimenko V, Flynn G. Observation of graphene bubbles and effective mass transport under graphene films. Nano Lett 2009; 9:332-7. [PMID: 19105652 DOI: 10.1021/nl803087x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically exfoliated graphene mounted on a SiO2/Si substrate was subjected to HF/H(2)O etching or irradiation by energetic protons. In both cases gas was released from the SiO2 and accumulated at the graphene/SiO2 interface resulting in the formation of "bubbles" in the graphene sheet. Formation of these "bubbles" demonstrates the robust nature of single layer graphene membranes, which are capable of containing mesoscopic volumes of gas. In addition, effective mass transport at the graphene/SiO2 interface has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stolyarova
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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15
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Fink HJ, Kusche K, Schirbel A, Reiners C, Hintze G. Urinary iodine excretion in 389 schoolchildren aged six to ten years in Northern Germany. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-933049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Kusche K, Bangel N, Mueller C, Hildebrandt JP, Weber WM. Molecular cloning and sequencing of the Na+/K+-ATPase alpha-subunit of the medical leech Hirudo medicinalis (Annelida) - implications for modelling protostomian evolution. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2005.00330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Yakimenko V, Pogorelsky IV, Pavlishin IV, Ben-Zvi I, Kusche K, Eidelman Y, Hirose T, Kumita T, Kamiya Y, Urakawa J, Greenberg B, Zigler A. Cohesive acceleration and focusing of relativistic electrons in overdense plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:014802. [PMID: 12906544 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.014802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe our studies of the generation of plasma wake fields by a relativistic electron bunch and of phasing between the longitudinal and transverse fields in the wake. The leading edge of the electron bunch excites a high-amplitude plasma wake inside the overdense plasma column, and the acceleration and focusing wake fields are probed by the bunch tail. By monitoring the dependence of the acceleration upon the plasma's density, we approached the beam-matching condition and achieved an energy gain of 0.6 MeV over the 17 mm plasma length, corresponding to an average acceleration gradient of 35 MeV/m. Wake-induced modulation in energy and angular divergence of the electron bunch are mapped within a wide range of plasma density. We confirm a theoretical prediction about the phase offset between the accelerating and focusing components of plasma wake.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yakimenko
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 820, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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18
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Kusche K, Hembach A, Milke C, Burmester T. Molecular characterisation and evolution of the hemocyanin from the European spiny lobster, Palinurus elephas. J Comp Physiol B 2003; 173:319-25. [PMID: 12664090 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-003-0338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The hemocyanin of the European spiny lobster Palinurus elephas (synonym: Palinurus vulgaris) is a hexamer composed by four closely related but distinct subunits. We have obtained the full cDNA sequences of all four subunits, which cover 2275-2298 bp and encode for native polypeptides of 656 and 657 amino acids. The P. elephas hemocyanin subunits belong to the alpha-type of crustacean hemocyanins, whereas beta- and gamma-subunits are absent in this species. An unusual high ratio of non-synonymous versus synonymous nucleotide substitutions was observed, suggesting positive selection among subunits. Assuming a constant evolution rate, the P. elephas hemocyanin subunits emerged from a single hemocyanin gene around 25 million years ago. The alpha-type hemocyanins of P. elephas and the American spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus split around 100 million years ago. This is about five times older than the assumed divergence time of the species and suggests that the genera may have split with the formation of the Atlantic Ocean. The application of the Bayesian method for phylogenetic inference allows for the first time a solid reconstruction of the evolution of the decapod hemocyanins, showing that the beta-subunit types diverged first and that the crustacean pseudo-hemocyanins are associated with the gamma-type subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kusche
- Institute of Zoology, University of Mainz, Müllerweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Abstract
Hemocyanins are copper-containing respiratory proteins of the Arthropoda that have so far been thoroughly investigated only in the Chelicerata and the Crustacea but have remained unstudied until now in the Myriapoda. Here we report the first sequence of a myriapod hemocyanin. The hemocyanin of Spirostreptus sp. (Diplopoda: Spirostreptidae) is composed of two distinct subunits that are arranged in a 6 x 6 native molecule. The cloned hemocyanin subunit cDNA codes of for a polypeptide of 653 amino acids (75.5 kDa) that includes a signal peptide of 18 amino acids. The sequence closely resembles that of the chelicerate hemocyanins. Molecular phylogenetic analyses reject with high statistical confidence the integrity of the Tracheata (i.e., Myriapoda + Insecta) but give conflicting results on the position of the myriapod hemocyanin. While distance matrix and maximum-likelihood methods support a basal position of the Spirostreptus hemocyanin with respect to the other hemocyanins, parsimony analysis suggests a sister group relationship with the chelicerate hemocyanins. The latter topology is also supported by a unique shared deletion of an alpha-helix. A common ancestry of Myriapoda and Chelicerata should be seriously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kusche
- Institute of Zoology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Abstract
In the American lobster, Homarus americanus, oxygen is transported by a hemocyanin that is composed 2 x 6 subunits. N-terminal sequencing show the presence of three distinct subunit types (alpha, beta and gamma). We cloned the cDNA of one of these subunits that belong to the alpha-type. It encodes a hemocyanin subunit of 654 amino acids with a molecular mass of 84.8 kDa, which is synthesized in the hepatopancreas. Phylogenetic analyses of the crustacean hemocyanin sequences show two well-separated clades, which correspond to the alpha and gamma-type subunits. Sequences of beta-type subunits are still unknown. The gamma-sequences have evolved about 15% faster than the alpha-subunits, consistent with the proposed conservative function of the latter. Under the assumption of a molecular clock we calculated that alpha- and gamma-subunits split about 214 +/- 14 million years ago, suggesting their divergence only in the decapod Crustacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kusche
- Institute of Zoology, University of Mainz, Müllerweg 6, Mainz, D-55099, Germany
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Kimura W, Kim G, Romea R, Steinhauer L, Pogorelsky I, Kusche K, Fernow R, Wang X, Liu Y. Laser Acceleration of Relativistic Electrons Using the Inverse Cherenkov Effect. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 74:546-549. [PMID: 10058785 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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