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Beavers KR, Werfel TA, Shen T, Kavanaugh TE, Kilchrist KV, Mares JW, Fain JS, Wiese CB, Vickers KC, Weiss SM, Duvall CL. Porous Silicon and Polymer Nanocomposites for Delivery of Peptide Nucleic Acids as Anti-MicroRNA Therapies. Adv Mater 2016; 28:7984-7992. [PMID: 27383910 PMCID: PMC5152671 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled polymer/porous silicon nanocomposites overcome intracellular and systemic barriers for in vivo application of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) anti-microRNA therapeutics. Porous silicon (PSi) is leveraged as a biodegradable scaffold with high drug-cargo-loading capacity. Functionalization with a diblock polymer improves PSi nanoparticle colloidal stability, in vivo pharmacokinetics, and intracellular bioavailability through endosomal escape, enabling PNA to inhibit miR-122 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Beavers
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Thomas A Werfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Tianwei Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Taylor E Kavanaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Kameron V Kilchrist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Jeremy W Mares
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Joshua S Fain
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Carrie B Wiese
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Sharon M Weiss
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
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Mares JW, Fain JS, Beavers KR, Duvall CL, Weiss SM. Shape-engineered multifunctional porous silicon nanoparticles by direct imprinting. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:271001. [PMID: 26081802 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/27/271001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A versatile and scalable method for fabricating shape-engineered nano- and micrometer scale particles from mesoporous silicon (PSi) thin films is presented. This approach, based on the direct imprinting of porous substrates (DIPS) technique, facilitates the generation of particles with arbitrary shape, ranging in minimum dimension from approximately 100 nm to several micrometers, by carrying out high-pressure (>200 MPa) direct imprintation, followed by electrochemical etching of a sub-surface perforation layer and ultrasonication. PSi particles (PSPs) with a variety of geometries have been produced in quantities sufficient for biomedical applications (≫10 μg). Because the stamps can be reused over 150 times, this process is substantially more economical and efficient than the use of electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching for the fabrication of nanometer-scale PSPs directly. The versatility of this fabrication method is demonstrated by loading the DIPS-imprinted PSPs with a therapeutic peptide nucleic acid drug molecule, and by vapor deposition of an Au coating to facilitate the use of PSPs as a photothermal contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Mares
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Beavers KR, Nelson CE, Duvall CL. MiRNA inhibition in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 88:123-37. [PMID: 25553957 PMCID: PMC4485980 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that provide an endogenous negative feedback mechanism for translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein. Single miRNAs can regulate hundreds of mRNAs, enabling miRNAs to orchestrate robust biological responses by simultaneously impacting multiple gene networks. MiRNAs can act as master regulators of normal and pathological tissue development, homeostasis, and repair, which has motivated expanding efforts toward the development of technologies for therapeutically modulating miRNA activity for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. This review highlights the tools currently available for miRNA inhibition and their recent therapeutic applications for improving tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Beavers
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | | | - Craig L Duvall
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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Zhao Y, Lawrie JL, Beavers KR, Laibinis PE, Weiss SM. Effect of DNA-induced corrosion on passivated porous silicon biosensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:13510-13519. [PMID: 25089918 DOI: 10.1021/am502582s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work examines the influence of charge density and surface passivation on the DNA-induced corrosion of porous silicon (PSi) waveguides in order to improve PSi biosensor sensitivity, reliability, and reproducibility when exposed to negatively charged DNA molecules. Increasing the concentration of either DNA probes or targets enhances the corrosion process and masks binding events. While passivation of the PSi surface by oxidation and silanization is shown to diminish the corrosion rate and lead to a saturation in the changes by corrosion after about 2 h, complete mitigation can be achieved by replacing the DNA probe molecules with charge-neutral PNA probe molecules. A model to explain the DNA-induced corrosion behavior, consistent with experimental characterization of the PSi through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and prism coupling optical measurements, is also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science, ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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Beavers KR, Mares JW, Swartz CM, Zhao Y, Weiss SM, Duvall CL. In situ synthesis of peptide nucleic acids in porous silicon for drug delivery and biosensing. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1192-7. [PMID: 24949894 PMCID: PMC4103755 DOI: 10.1021/bc5001092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
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Peptide nucleic acids (PNA) are a
unique class of synthetic molecules
that have a peptide backbone and can hybridize with nucleic acids.
Here, a versatile method has been developed for the automated, in
situ synthesis of PNA from a porous silicon (PSi) substrate for applications
in gene therapy and biosensing. Nondestructive optical measurements
were performed to monitor single base additions of PNA initiated from
(3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane attached to the surface of PSi films,
and mass spectrometry was conducted to verify synthesis of the desired
sequence. Comparison of in situ synthesis to postsynthesis surface
conjugation of the full PNA molecules showed that surface mediated,
in situ PNA synthesis increased loading 8-fold. For therapeutic proof-of-concept,
controlled PNA release from PSi films was characterized in phosphate
buffered saline, and PSi nanoparticles fabricated from PSi films containing
in situ grown PNA complementary to micro-RNA (miR) 122 generated significant
anti-miR activity in a Huh7 psiCHECK-miR122 cell line. The applicability
of this platform for biosensing was also demonstrated using optical
measurements that indicated selective hybridization of complementary
DNA target molecules to PNA synthesized in situ on PSi films. These
collective data confirm that we have established a novel PNA–PSi
platform with broad utility in drug delivery and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Beavers
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and ∥Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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Tucker-Schwartz JM, Beavers KR, Sit WW, Shah AT, Duvall CL, Skala MC. In vivo imaging of nanoparticle delivery and tumor microvasculature with multimodal optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2014; 5:1731-43. [PMID: 24940536 PMCID: PMC4052907 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Current imaging techniques capable of tracking nanoparticles in vivo supply either a large field of view or cellular resolution, but not both. Here, we demonstrate a multimodality imaging platform of optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques for high resolution, wide field of view in vivo imaging of nanoparticles. This platform includes the first in vivo images of nanoparticle pharmacokinetics acquired with photothermal OCT (PTOCT), along with overlaying images of microvascular and tissue morphology. Gold nanorods (51.8 ± 8.1 nm by 15.2 ± 3.3 nm) were intravenously injected into mice, and their accumulation into mammary tumors was non-invasively imaged in vivo in three dimensions over 24 hours using PTOCT. Spatial frequency analysis of PTOCT images indicated that gold nanorods reached peak distribution throughout the tumors by 16 hours, and remained well-dispersed up to 24 hours post-injection. In contrast, the overall accumulation of gold nanorods within the tumors peaked around 16 hours post-injection. The accumulation of gold nanorods within the tumors was validated post-mortem with multiphoton microscopy. This shows the utility of PTOCT as part of a powerful multimodality imaging platform for the development of nanomedicines and drug delivery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey R. Beavers
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Wesley W. Sit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Amy T. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Evans BC, Nelson CE, Yu SS, Beavers KR, Kim AJ, Li H, Nelson HM, Giorgio TD, Duvall CL. Ex vivo red blood cell hemolysis assay for the evaluation of pH-responsive endosomolytic agents for cytosolic delivery of biomacromolecular drugs. J Vis Exp 2013:e50166. [PMID: 23524982 DOI: 10.3791/50166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid bilayers that constitute endo-lysosomal vesicles can pose a barrier to delivery of biologic drugs to intracellular targets. To overcome this barrier, a number of synthetic drug carriers have been engineered to actively disrupt the endosomal membrane and deliver cargo into the cytoplasm. Here, we describe the hemolysis assay, which can be used as rapid, high-throughput screen for the cytocompatibility and endosomolytic activity of intracellular drug delivery systems. In the hemolysis assay, human red blood cells and test materials are co-incubated in buffers at defined pHs that mimic extracellular, early endosomal, and late endo-lysosomal environments. Following a centrifugation step to pellet intact red blood cells, the amount of hemoglobin released into the medium is spectrophotometrically measured (405 nm for best dynamic range). The percent red blood cell disruption is then quantified relative to positive control samples lysed with a detergent. In this model system the erythrocyte membrane serves as a surrogate for the lipid bilayer membrane that enclose endo-lysosomal vesicles. The desired result is negligible hemolysis at physiologic pH (7.4) and robust hemolysis in the endo-lysosomal pH range from approximately pH 5-6.8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Evans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, USA
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Sarett SM, Beavers KR, Miteva M, Nelson CE, Duvall CL. Research Highlights: Highlights from the latest articles in nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:329-30. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Sarett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| | - Kelsey R Beavers
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| | - Martina Miteva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| | | | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA.
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Marotta NE, Beavers KR, Bottomley LA. Limitations of surface enhanced Raman scattering in sensing DNA hybridization demonstrated by label-free DNA oligos as molecular rulers of distance-dependent enhancement. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1440-6. [PMID: 23259584 DOI: 10.1021/ac302454j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a critical evaluation of silver nanorod arrays as substrates for assaying nucleic acid hybridization by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). SERS spectra acquired on complementary oligos, alone or in combination, contain the known spectral signatures of the nucleotides that comprise the oligo; however, no signature bands characteristic of the hybrid were observed. Spectra acquired on an oligo with a 5'- or 3'-thiol were distinctly different from that acquired on the identical oligo without a thiol pendant group suggesting a degree of control over the orientation of the oligo on the nanorod surface. A set of oligos consisting of adenine tracts in a polycytosine chain served as molecular rulers to probe the distance dependence of the SERS enhancement. Using these, we have identified the point at which the characteristic bands for the nucleotides that comprise the oligo disappear from the spectrum. These findings suggest that the applicability of SERS for label-free detection of nucleic acid hybridization is limited to short oligos of less than nine nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Marotta
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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Edgell H, Grinberg A, Gagné N, Beavers KR, Hughson RL. Cardiovascular responses to lower body negative pressure before and after 4 h of head-down bed rest and seated control in men and women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:1604-12. [PMID: 22984250 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00670.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular deconditioning after a 4-h head-down bed rest (HDBR) might be a consequence of the time of day relative to pre-HDBR testing, or simply 4 h of confinement and inactivity rather than the posture change. Ten men and 11 women were studied during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) before and after 4-h HDBR and 4-h seated posture (SEAT) as a control for time of day and physical inactivity effects to test the hypotheses that cardiovascular deconditioning was a consequence of the HDBR posture, and that women would have a greater deconditioning response. Following HDBR, men and women had lower blood volume, higher heart rate with a greater increase during LBNP, a greater decrease of stroke volume during LBNP, lower central venous pressure, smaller inferior vena cava diameter, higher portal vein resistance index with a greater increase during LBNP, but lower forearm vascular resistance, lower norepinephrine, and lower renin. Women had lower vasopressin and men had higher vasopressin after HDBR, and women had lower pelvic impedance and men higher pelvic impedance. Following SEAT, brachial vascular resistance was reduced, thoracic impedance was elevated, the reduction of central venous pressure during LBNP was changed, women had higher angiotensin II whereas men had lower levels, and pelvic impedance increased in women and decreased in men. Cardiovascular deconditioning was greater after 4-h HDBR than after SEAT. Women and men had similar responses for most cardiovascular variables in the present study that tested the responses to LBNP after short-duration HDBR compared with a control condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Edgell
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Beavers KR, Greaves DK, Arbeille P, Hughson RL. WISE-2005: orthostatic tolerance is poorly predicted by acute changes in cardiovascular variables. J Gravit Physiol 2007; 14:P63-P64. [PMID: 18372701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-four (24) healthy women from 25-40 years of age underwent orthostatic tolerance tests consisting of passive tilt and lower body negative pressure before and after completing 60-days of continuous -6 degree head down tilt bed rest (HDBR). Prior to HDBR, participants were assigned to one of three groups: control, exercise or nutrition. We aimed to identify any acute head up tilt changes in mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, total peripheral resistance, cardiac output, stroke volume, or heart rate, which might predict tolerance or changes in tolerance with HDBR. Generally, these attempts were largely unsuccessful. The results indicate that the mechanisms of orthostatic failure are not strongly related to the way in which the body responds to the initial challenge. Additionally, the observation that some variables were predictive of tolerance before and not after tilt may indicate a change in the strategies used to maintain blood pressure, or differential adaptations to HDBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Beavers
- Cardiorespiratory & Vascular Dynamics Lab, Univ. Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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