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Hu L, He J, Zhang T, Pan S, Zou H, Lian K, Guo J, Qun T. Panax notoginseng saponins improve oral submucous fibrosis by inhabiting the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2024:S2212-4403(24)00127-5. [PMID: 38632037 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]

Angelopoulos V, Zhang XJ, Artemyev AV, Mourenas D, Tsai E, Wilkins C, Runov A, Liu J, Turner DL, Li W, Khurana K, Wirz RE, Sergeev VA, Meng X, Wu J, Hartinger MD, Raita T, Shen Y, An X, Shi X, Bashir MF, Shen X, Gan L, Qin M, Capannolo L, Ma Q, Russell CL, Masongsong EV, Caron R, He I, Iglesias L, Jha S, King J, Kumar S, Le K, Mao J, McDermott A, Nguyen K, Norris A, Palla A, Roosnovo A, Tam J, Xie E, Yap RC, Ye S, Young C, Adair LA, Shaffer C, Chung M, Cruce P, Lawson M, Leneman D, Allen M, Anderson M, Arreola-Zamora M, Artinger J, Asher J, Branchevsky D, Cliffe M, Colton K, Costello C, Depe D, Domae BW, Eldin S, Fitzgibbon L, Flemming A, Frederick DM, Gilbert A, Hesford B, Krieger R, Lian K, McKinney E, Miller JP, Pedersen C, Qu Z, Rozario R, Rubly M, Seaton R, Subramanian A, Sundin SR, Tan A, Thomlinson D, Turner W, Wing G, Wong C, Zarifian A. Energetic Electron Precipitation Driven by Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves from ELFIN's Low Altitude Perspective. Space Sci Rev 2023;219:37. [PMID: 37448777 PMCID: PMC10335998 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-023-00984-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]

Abstract

We review comprehensive observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave-driven energetic electron precipitation using data collected by the energetic electron detector on the Electron Losses and Fields InvestigatioN (ELFIN) mission, two polar-orbiting low-altitude spinning CubeSats, measuring 50-5000 keV electrons with good pitch-angle and energy resolution. EMIC wave-driven precipitation exhibits a distinct signature in energy-spectrograms of the precipitating-to-trapped flux ratio: peaks at >0.5 MeV which are abrupt (bursty) (lasting ∼17 s, or Δ L ∼ 0.56 ) with significant substructure (occasionally down to sub-second timescale). We attribute the bursty nature of the precipitation to the spatial extent and structuredness of the wave field at the equator. Multiple ELFIN passes over the same MLT sector allow us to study the spatial and temporal evolution of the EMIC wave - electron interaction region. Case studies employing conjugate ground-based or equatorial observations of the EMIC waves reveal that the energy of moderate and strong precipitation at ELFIN approximately agrees with theoretical expectations for cyclotron resonant interactions in a cold plasma. Using multiple years of ELFIN data uniformly distributed in local time, we assemble a statistical database of ∼50 events of strong EMIC wave-driven precipitation. Most reside at L ∼ 5 - 7 at dusk, while a smaller subset exists at L ∼ 8 - 12 at post-midnight. The energies of the peak-precipitation ratio and of the half-peak precipitation ratio (our proxy for the minimum resonance energy) exhibit an L -shell dependence in good agreement with theoretical estimates based on prior statistical observations of EMIC wave power spectra. The precipitation ratio's spectral shape for the most intense events has an exponential falloff away from the peak (i.e., on either side of ∼ 1.45 MeV). It too agrees well with quasi-linear diffusion theory based on prior statistics of wave spectra. It should be noted though that this diffusive treatment likely includes effects from nonlinear resonant interactions (especially at high energies) and nonresonant effects from sharp wave packet edges (at low energies). Sub-MeV electron precipitation observed concurrently with strong EMIC wave-driven >1 MeV precipitation has a spectral shape that is consistent with efficient pitch-angle scattering down to ∼ 200-300 keV by much less intense higher frequency EMIC waves at dusk (where such waves are most frequent). At ∼100 keV, whistler-mode chorus may be implicated in concurrent precipitation. These results confirm the critical role of EMIC waves in driving relativistic electron losses. Nonlinear effects may abound and require further investigation.

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Affiliation(s)

V. Angelopoulos Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
X.-J. Zhang Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA
A. V. Artemyev Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
D. Mourenas CEA, DAM, DIF, Arpajon, France
E. Tsai Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
C. Wilkins Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
A. Runov Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
J. Liu Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Departments, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
D. L. Turner Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland USA
W. Li Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Departments, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
K. Khurana Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
R. E. Wirz Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
V. A. Sergeev University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
X. Meng Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
J. Wu Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
M. D. Hartinger Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301 USA
T. Raita Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Sodankylä, Finland
Y. Shen Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
X. An Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
X. Shi Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
M. F. Bashir Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
X. Shen Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
L. Gan Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
M. Qin Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
L. Capannolo Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
Q. Ma Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
C. L. Russell Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
E. V. Masongsong Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
R. Caron Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
I. He Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Materials Science and Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
L. Iglesias Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Deloitte Consulting, New York, NY 10112 USA
S. Jha Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Microsoft, Redmond, WA 98052 USA
J. King Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
S. Kumar Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
K. Le Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Materials Science and Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
J. Mao Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Raybeam, Inc., Mountain View, CA 94041 USA
A. McDermott Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
K. Nguyen Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA
A. Norris Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
A. Palla Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Reliable Robotics Corporation, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA
A. Roosnovo Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
J. Tam Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
E. Xie Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Deloitte Consulting, New York, NY 10112 USA Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
R. C. Yap Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mathematics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Planet Labs, PBC, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
S. Ye Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
C. Young Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Microsoft, Redmond, WA 98052 USA
L. A. Adair Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: KSAT, Inc., Denver, CO 80231 USA
C. Shaffer Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc., Irvine, CA 92618 USA
M. Chung Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
P. Cruce Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Apple, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA
M. Lawson Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
D. Leneman Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
M. Allen Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Zipline International, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
M. Anderson Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mathematics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Lucid Motors, Newark, CA 94560 USA
M. Arreola-Zamora Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
J. Artinger Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: College of Engineering and Computer Science, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA
J. Asher Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
D. Branchevsky Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
M. Cliffe Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
K. Colton Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mathematics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Planet Labs, PBC, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA
C. Costello Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Heliogen, Pasadena, CA 91103 USA
D. Depe Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Argo AI, LLC, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA
B. W. Domae Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
S. Eldin Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Microsoft, Redmond, WA 98052 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
L. Fitzgibbon Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Terran Orbital, Irvine, CA 92618 USA
A. Flemming Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
D. M. Frederick Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Millenium Space Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
A. Gilbert Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
B. Hesford Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
R. Krieger Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Materials Science and Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Mercedes-Benz Research and Development North America, Long Beach, CA 90810 USA
K. Lian Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
E. McKinney Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Geosyntec Consultants, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA
J. P. Miller Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Juniper Networks Sunnyvale, California, 94089 USA
C. Pedersen Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
Z. Qu Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Niantic Inc., San Francisco, CA 94111 USA
R. Rozario Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA
M. Rubly Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Teledyne Scientific and Imaging, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA
R. Seaton Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
A. Subramanian Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
S. R. Sundin Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Naval Surface Warfare Center Corona Division, Norco, CA 92860 USA
A. Tan Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Epirus Inc., Torrance, CA 90501 USA
D. Thomlinson Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
W. Turner Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
G. Wing Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Amazon, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
C. Wong Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
A. Zarifian Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA

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Lian K, Cui J, Li L, Li Y, Zhang QH. Primary CD5⁺ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with hyperlactatemia as the first manifestation. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2021;35:779-781. [PMID: 33887900 DOI: 10.23812/20-522-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]

Angelopoulos V, Tsai E, Bingley L, Shaffer C, Turner DL, Runov A, Li W, Liu J, Artemyev AV, Zhang XJ, Strangeway RJ, Wirz RE, Shprits YY, Sergeev VA, Caron RP, Chung M, Cruce P, Greer W, Grimes E, Hector K, Lawson MJ, Leneman D, Masongsong EV, Russell CL, Wilkins C, Hinkley D, Blake JB, Adair N, Allen M, Anderson M, Arreola-Zamora M, Artinger J, Asher J, Branchevsky D, Capitelli MR, Castro R, Chao G, Chung N, Cliffe M, Colton K, Costello C, Depe D, Domae BW, Eldin S, Fitzgibbon L, Flemming A, Fox I, Frederick DM, Gilbert A, Gildemeister A, Gonzalez A, Hesford B, Jha S, Kang N, King J, Krieger R, Lian K, Mao J, McKinney E, Miller JP, Norris A, Nuesca M, Palla A, Park ESY, Pedersen CE, Qu Z, Rozario R, Rye E, Seaton R, Subramanian A, Sundin SR, Tan A, Turner W, Villegas AJ, Wasden M, Wing G, Wong C, Xie E, Yamamoto S, Yap R, Zarifian A, Zhang GY. The ELFIN Mission. Space Sci Rev 2020;216:103. [PMID: 32831412 PMCID: PMC7413588 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-020-00721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]

Abstract

The Electron Loss and Fields Investigation with a Spatio-Temporal Ambiguity-Resolving option (ELFIN-STAR, or heretoforth simply: ELFIN) mission comprises two identical 3-Unit (3U) CubeSats on a polar (∼93^∘ inclination), nearly circular, low-Earth (∼450 km altitude) orbit. Launched on September 15, 2018, ELFIN is expected to have a >2.5 year lifetime. Its primary science objective is to resolve the mechanism of storm-time relativistic electron precipitation, for which electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are a prime candidate. From its ionospheric vantage point, ELFIN uses its unique pitch-angle-resolving capability to determine whether measured relativistic electron pitch-angle and energy spectra within the loss cone bear the characteristic signatures of scattering by EMIC waves or whether such scattering may be due to other processes. Pairing identical ELFIN satellites with slowly-variable along-track separation allows disambiguation of spatial and temporal evolution of the precipitation over minutes-to-tens-of-minutes timescales, faster than the orbit period of a single low-altitude satellite (T_orbit ∼ 90 min). Each satellite carries an energetic particle detector for electrons (EPDE) that measures 50 keV to 5 MeV electrons with Δ E/E < 40% and a fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) on a ∼72 cm boom that measures magnetic field waves (e.g., EMIC waves) in the range from DC to 5 Hz Nyquist (nominally) with <0.3 nT/sqrt(Hz) noise at 1 Hz. The spinning satellites (T_spin ∼ 3 s) are equipped with magnetorquers (air coils) that permit spin-up or -down and reorientation maneuvers. Using those, the spin axis is placed normal to the orbit plane (nominally), allowing full pitch-angle resolution twice per spin. An energetic particle detector for ions (EPDI) measures 250 keV - 5 MeV ions, addressing secondary science. Funded initially by CalSpace and the University Nanosat Program, ELFIN was selected for flight with joint support from NSF and NASA between 2014 and 2018 and launched by the ELaNa XVIII program on a Delta II rocket (with IceSatII as the primary). Mission operations are currently funded by NASA. Working under experienced UCLA mentors, with advice from The Aerospace Corporation and NASA personnel, more than 250 undergraduates have matured the ELFIN implementation strategy; developed the instruments, satellite, and ground systems and operate the two satellites. ELFIN's already high potential for cutting-edge science return is compounded by concurrent equatorial Heliophysics missions (THEMIS, Arase, Van Allen Probes, MMS) and ground stations. ELFIN's integrated data analysis approach, rapid dissemination strategies via the SPace Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS), and data coordination with the Heliophysics/Geospace System Observatory (H/GSO) optimize science yield, enabling the widest community benefits. Several storm-time events have already been captured and are presented herein to demonstrate ELFIN's data analysis methods and potential. These form the basis of on-going studies to resolve the primary mission science objective. Broad energy precipitation events, precipitation bands, and microbursts, clearly seen both at dawn and dusk, extend from tens of keV to >1 MeV. This broad energy range of precipitation indicates that multiple waves are providing scattering concurrently. Many observed events show significant backscattered fluxes, which in the past were hard to resolve by equatorial spacecraft or non-pitch-angle-resolving ionospheric missions. These observations suggest that the ionosphere plays a significant role in modifying magnetospheric electron fluxes and wave-particle interactions. Routine data captures starting in February 2020 and lasting for at least another year, approximately the remainder of the mission lifetime, are expected to provide a very rich dataset to address questions even beyond the primary mission science objective.

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Affiliation(s)

V Angelopoulos Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
E Tsai Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
L Bingley Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
C Shaffer Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc., Irvine, CA 92618 USA
D L Turner Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
A Runov Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
W Li Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Present Address: Department of Astronomy and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
J Liu Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
A V Artemyev Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
X-J Zhang Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
R J Strangeway Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
R E Wirz Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
Y Y Shprits Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, 14473 Germany
V A Sergeev Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
R P Caron Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
M Chung Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
P Cruce Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
W Greer Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
E Grimes Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
K Hector Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Present Address: Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
M J Lawson Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
D Leneman Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
E V Masongsong Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
C L Russell Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
C Wilkins Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
D Hinkley The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
J B Blake The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
N Adair Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Millenium Space Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
M Allen Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
M Anderson Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Aptiv, Agoura Hills, CA 91301 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
M Arreola-Zamora Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
J Artinger Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
J Asher Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Present Address: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723 USA
D Branchevsky Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
M R Capitelli Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Millenium Space Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
R Castro Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Present Address: Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA
G Chao Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: The Boeing Company, Long Beach, CA 90808 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
N Chung Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: SF Motors, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
M Cliffe Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
K Colton Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Planet Labs, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94107 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
C Costello Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
D Depe Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
B W Domae Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
S Eldin Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
L Fitzgibbon Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Present Address: Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc., Irvine, CA 92618 USA
A Flemming Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
I Fox Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
D M Frederick Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Millenium Space Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
A Gilbert Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
A Gildemeister Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
A Gonzalez Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
B Hesford Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
S Jha Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
N Kang Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Millenium Space Systems, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
J King Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
R Krieger Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Present Address: Mercedes-Benz Research and Development North America, Long Beach, CA 90810 USA
K Lian Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
J Mao Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Present Address: Verona, WI 53593 USA
E McKinney Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Present Address: California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768 USA
J P Miller Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
A Norris Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
M Nuesca Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
A Palla Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
E S Y Park Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Present Address: Economics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
C E Pedersen Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
Z Qu Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
R Rozario Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: SpaceX, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
E Rye Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
R Seaton Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
A Subramanian Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Present Address: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA
S R Sundin Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Present Address: Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc., Irvine, CA 92618 USA
A Tan Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Present Address: Experior Laboratories, Oxnard, CA 93033 USA
W Turner Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
A J Villegas Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
M Wasden Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
G Wing Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Computer Science Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
C Wong Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
E Xie Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
S Yamamoto Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
R Yap Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Mathematics Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
A Zarifian Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Present Address: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
G Y Zhang Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA USA Present Address: Qualcomm, San Diego, CA 92121 USA

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An P, Ye YJ, Li QX, Liu B, Lian K, Yin JB, Hao JZ, Zhou S, Gan L. Medical disputes in relation to prenatal ultrasound in China. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020;56:11-14. [PMID: 32608569 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]

Affiliation(s)

P An Second Department of Ultrasound and Radiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine in Fetal Heart Disease, Hubei, China
Y-J Ye Second Department of Ultrasound and Radiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine in Fetal Heart Disease, Hubei, China Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
Q-X Li Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
B Liu Second Department of Ultrasound and Radiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine in Fetal Heart Disease, Hubei, China Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
K Lian Second Department of Ultrasound and Radiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine in Fetal Heart Disease, Hubei, China Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
J-B Yin Second Department of Ultrasound and Radiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine in Fetal Heart Disease, Hubei, China
J-Z Hao China Fair Judicial Appraisal Center, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
S Zhou Second Department of Ultrasound and Radiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine in Fetal Heart Disease, Hubei, China
L Gan Second Department of Ultrasound and Radiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine in Fetal Heart Disease, Hubei, China

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Chen GR, Gao HK, Wang Q, Li F, Li Y, Lian K, Yang MS, Tao L, Li CX. [Clinical outcomes of opening coronary chronic total occlusion lesions with the assistance of BridgePoint devices]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2020;48:236-243. [PMID: 32234182 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20190702-00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the safety, efficacy and prognosis of antegrade dissection re-entry (ADR) with the assistance of BridgePoint devices in opening coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO). Methods: A total of 87 consecutive patients, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention using BridgePoint devices from April 2016 to December 2018 in Xijing Hospital, were included in this study. General information of the selected patients, features of CTO lesions and intraoperative parameters were recorded. Short-term outcomes including technical success rate (defined as achieving TIMI 3 blood flow with residual stenosis<30%), surgical success rate (defined as no major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occured while hospitalized), complications, and MACE during hospitalization were observed. MACE included death, recurrent myocardial infarction, target vascular reconstruction (TVR) and cardiac tamponade. Patients were followed up by outpatient or telephone visits at 30 days and 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after discharge. Results: Eighty-seven patients, aged (61±10) years with J-CTO scores (2.49±0.52) were included, and 75(86%) were male. Six patients underwent direct ADR with BridgePoint system, and all were successful. Eighty-one patients underwent rescue ADR using BridgePoint devices, and 62 of them were successful. The success rate of ADR with BridgePoint devices was 78.2% (68/87). Nine out of the 19 failed cases succeeded after the application of rescue antegrade/retrograde technique. The technical success rate was 88.5% (77/87). Coronary perforation occurred in 2 cases (2.3%), one case was treated with covered stent and the other case with tamponade was treated with pericardiocentesis. One patient developed periprocedural myocardial infarction, and one patient suffered from sudden death, and one patient had cardiac tamponade. In-hospital MACE occurred in 3 (3.4%) patients. The surgical success rate was 85.1% (74/87).The procedure time was (175±72)minutes and the amount of contrast used was (449±155)ml. During a follow-up of 17(11, 26) months, the incidence of MACE within 30 days was 4.7% (4/86), while 10.5% (9/86) within 6 months, 17.4% (15/86) within 17 months. Conclusion: Opening CTO with the assistance of BridgePoint devices is feasible and safe, with high success rate and satisfactory outcome.

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Lian K, Guo X, Huang Q, Tan Z, Xia C, Wang R, Yi F, Li W, Liu J, Li Y, Guo S, Wang H, Ji Q, Tao L. Reduction Levels and the Effects of High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin via AMPK/eNOS in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2016;124:541-547. [PMID: 27437915 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-109262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]

Luo D, Ren H, Li T, Lian K, Lin D. Rapamycin reduces severity of senile osteoporosis by activating osteocyte autophagy. Osteoporos Int 2016;27:1093-1101. [PMID: 26395886 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]

Abstract

SUMMARY

Osteocyte is the orchestrator of bone remolding and decline in osteocyte autophagy is involved in senile osteoporosis. Our results suggested that rapamycin, at least in part by activating osteocyte autophagy, reduced the severity of age-related bone changes in trabecular bone of old male rats.

INTRODUCTION

Previous literatures have showed that osteocyte is the orchestrator of bone remolding and age-related decline in osteocyte number is associated with senile osteoporosis. Autophagy is an important cellular protective mechanism which can preserve osteocyte viability and failure of autophagy in osteocyte with age has been linked to senile osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to explore whether rapamycin, one activator of autophagy, has protective effects on senile osteoporosis through inducing osteocyte autophagy.

METHODS

Fifty-two 24-month-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups. Rapamycin (1 mg/kg weight/day) or DMSO vehicle control was administered intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. BMD and bone microstructure were determined by Micro-CT. Fluorochrome labeling of the bones was performed to measure the mineral apposition rate (MAR). TRAP staining was performed to evaluate osteoclast number. The plasma levels of bone turnover markers were also analyzed. The effects of rapamycin on osteocyte autophagy were determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and q-PCR. TUNEL was used to determine the prevalence of osteocyte apoptosis.

RESULTS

Micro-CT evaluation demonstrated that rapamycin had a protective effect on age-related bone loss in trabecular bone. Besides, rapamycin resulted in an obvious increase of MAR and a decrease of osteoclast number in contrast to the control group. Furthermore, rapamycin also induced autophagy in osteocyte demonstrated by increased LC3-positive osteocyte and increased LC3 turnover. In addition, rats treated with rapamycin exhibited decreased apoptosis of osteocyte determined by TUNEL.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggested that rapamycin, at least in part by activating osteocyte autophagy, reduced the severity of age-related bone changes in trabecular bone of old male rats. Therefore, rapamycin might be a feasible therapeutic approach for senile osteoporosis.

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Shi Y, Sun X, Sun Y, Hou L, Yao M, Lian K, Li J, Lu X, Jiang L. Elevation of cortical C26:0 due to the decline of peroxisomal β-oxidation potentiates amyloid β generation and spatial memory deficits via oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Neuroscience 2016;315:125-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]

Wu J, Wu X, Lian K, Lin B, Guo L, Ding Z. Overexpression of potassium channel ether à go-go in human osteosarcoma. Neoplasma 2012;59:207-15. [PMID: 22248279 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2012_027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]

Symons S, Lian K, Bharatha A, Aviv R. Reply:. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012. [DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]

Lian K, Bharatha A, Aviv RI, Symons SP. Interpretation errors in CT angiography of the head and neck and the benefit of double reading. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:2132-5. [PMID: 21903915 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]

Lian K, Huang Q, Xu A, Jin W, Xia C, Wang R, Liu Y, Ma Y, Sun L. Adiponectin multimers and their bioactivities were down-regulated in newly diagnosed Chinese type 2 diabetes patients. Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300867.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]

Pei H, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wang R, Xia C, Lian K, Lu X, Feng S, Xu A, Yang Q, Wang H, Tao L. Insulin treatment increases both plasma and cardiac adiponectin levels and thus reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in type 1 diabetic mice. Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300867.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]

Sun L, He Y, Jin W, Liu Y, Zhang H, Xia C, Wang R, Lian K, Lu X, Xu A, Wang H, Tao L. Nitrative inactivation resistant human Thioredoxin-1 Y49F mutant strengthens the Thioredoxin-1's inhibition on ASK-1 mediated apoptosis. Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300867.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]

Lian K, Bartlett E, Yu E. Perineural tumor spread along the sixth cranial nerve: CT and MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:E178. [PMID: 21903918 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]

Guidry DJ, Lian K, Jiang JC, Meletis EI. Tribological behavior of nanocrystalline nickel. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2009;9:4156-4163. [PMID: 19916423 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.m25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]

Portet C, Chmiola J, Gogotsi Y, Park S, Lian K. Electrochemical characterizations of carbon nanomaterials by the cavity microelectrode technique. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]

Lian K, Lui L, Zmuda JM, Nevitt MC, Hochberg MC, Lee JM, Li J, Lane NE. Estrogen receptor alpha genotype is associated with a reduced prevalence of radiographic hip osteoarthritis in elderly Caucasian women. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007;15:972-8. [PMID: 17419075 PMCID: PMC2204046 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]

Abstract

PURPOSE

This study evaluated the association between polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha gene (ESR1) and prevalent and incident radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA) in a large, well-defined prospective cohort of elderly Caucasian women.

METHODS

Prevalent and incident RHOA was evaluated from all available pelvis X-rays obtained from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures at baseline and after a mean of 8.3 years. Evaluable DNA samples were available from 4746 of these subjects. RHOA cases were defined by published methods. The ESR1 polymorphisms at intron I (Pvu II for a T/C substitution and Xba I for an A/G substitution) were genotyped in the context of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by allele-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection with immobilized oligonucleotide probes in linear arrays. Multiple logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) associated with the T/C and A/G polymorphisms.

RESULTS

RHOA was present in 12.1% of subjects, of whom 325 had joint space narrowing (JSN) score > or =3 and 130 had an osteophyte score > or =2 and JSN score > or =2. There was a significant reduction in the odds of prevalent RHOA for individuals with the C/C compared to T/T genotype at the Pvu II site with an OR of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.55-0.92) (P=0.01). Adjustments for age, weight, height, hip Bone mineral density (BMD) and estrogen use did not alter the relationship between the C/C genotype and reduced risk of RHOA, with an OR of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.54-0.94) (P=0.01). The risk of incident RHOA was reduced for the Pvu II C/C compared to the T/T genotype (P=0.11). Also, the reduced risk of incident RHOA in C/C subjects varied by estrogen use. There was no association between the Xba I G/G or G/A genotypes and RHOA with OR of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.61-1.10) (P=0.19) compared to women with A/A genotype.

CONCLUSIONS

We conclude that the C/C genotype of the ER alpha Pvu II polymorphism was associated with a modestly reduced risk of prevalent and incident RHOA in elderly Caucasian women. Additional work is required to understand how the intron I ESR1 polymorphism may alter joint degeneration.

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Lane NE, Lian K, Nevitt MC, Zmuda JM, Lui L, Li J, Wang J, Fontecha M, Umblas N, Rosenbach M, de Leon P, Corr M. Frizzled-related protein variants are risk factors for hip osteoarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006;54:1246-54. [PMID: 16572458 DOI: 10.1002/art.21673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]

Lei Y, Wu Q, Lian K. Cure kinetics of aqueous phenol–formaldehyde resins used for oriented strandboard manufacturing: Analytical technique. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]

Lian K, Zmuda JM, Nevitt MC, Lui L, Hochberg MC, Greene D, Li J, Wang J, Lane NE. Type I collagen α1 Sp1 transcription factor binding site polymorphism is associated with reduced risk of hip osteoarthritis defined by severe joint space narrowing in elderly women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005;52:1431-6. [PMID: 15880349 DOI: 10.1002/art.21011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

A common G/T substitution at an Sp1 binding site in intron 1 of the COL1A1 gene has been reported to be associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk of osteoporotic fracture. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is an association between COL1A1 Sp1 polymorphism and radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip in elderly women in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures.

METHODS

Radiographic hip OA status of subjects was defined by the presence of 1 of the following criteria in either hip: a joint space narrowing (JSN) score of >/=3, a Croft summary grade of >/=3, or both definite (score >/=2) osteophytes and JSN in the same hip. Cases of radiographic OA of the hip were further subdivided into those with JSN score >/=3 and those with a femoral osteophyte score >/=2 and JSN score </=2. The COL1A1 Sp1 polymorphism was genotyped using allele-specific kinetic polymerase chain reaction in 4,746 women. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

RESULTS

Radiographic OA of the hip was present in 571 women (12%). Of these patients, 325 (57%) had severe JSN (score >/=3), and 131 (23%) had moderate or moderate-to-severe femoral osteophytosis (score >/=2). There was no association of the T/T genotype with either radiographic hip OA or radiographic hip OA characterized by osteophytosis. For radiographic OA of the hip characterized by moderate-to-severe JSN, the odds of disease were significantly reduced among subjects with the T/T compared with the G/G genotype (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11-0.81, P = 0.02) and did not change after adjustment for potential confounders (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.13-0.99, P = 0.048).

CONCLUSION

The T/T genotype of the COL1A1 Sp1 polymorphism was associated with a reduced risk of radiographic OA of the hip characterized by JSN. This association should be confirmed in other populations to determine if mechanistic studies are warranted.

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Lian K, Du J, Rao Z, Luo H. The experimental study on the effect calcitonin gene-related peptide on bone resorption mediated by interleukin-1. Curr Med Sci 2001;21:304-7. [PMID: 12539554 DOI: 10.1007/bf02886563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2001] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]

Tung L, Tan J, Er J, Lian K, Turban E. Adoption, implementation and use of lotus notes in Singapore. International Journal of Information Management 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0268-4012(00)00029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]

Lian K, Meletis EI. Corrosion of amalgams under sliding wear. Dent Mater 1996;12:146-53. [PMID: 9002856 DOI: 10.1016/s0109-5641(96)80013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]

Lian K, Thorpe S, Kirk D. Electrochemical and surface characterization of electrocatalytically active amorphous NiCo alloys. Electrochim Acta 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(92)87119-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]

Lian K, Thorpe S, Kirk D. The electrocatalytic activity of amorphous and crystalline NiCo alloys on the oxygen evolution reaction. Electrochim Acta 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(92)80026-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]

Lian K, Kirk D, Thorpe S. Electrocatalytic behaviour of Ni-base amorphous alloys. Electrochim Acta 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(91)85138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]

Meletis EI, Gibbs CA, Lian K. New dynamic corrosion test for dental materials. Dent Mater 1989;5:411-4. [PMID: 2639840 DOI: 10.1016/0109-5641(89)90111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]