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Noch EK, Palma LN, Yim I, Bullen N, Qiu Y, Ravichandran H, Kim J, Rendeiro A, Davis MB, Elemento O, Pisapia DJ, Zhai K, LeKaye HC, Koutcher JA, Wen PY, Ligon KL, Cantley LC. Insulin feedback is a targetable resistance mechanism of PI3K inhibition in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:2165-2176. [PMID: 37399061 PMCID: PMC10708938 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin feedback is a critical mechanism responsible for the poor clinical efficacy of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition in cancer, and hyperglycemia is an independent factor associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma (GBM). We investigated combination anti-hyperglycemic therapy in a mouse model of GBM and evaluated the association of glycemic control in clinical trial data from patients with GBM. METHODS The effect of the anti-hyperglycemic regimens, metformin and the ketogenic diet, was evaluated in combination with PI3K inhibition in patient-derived GBM cells and in an orthotopic GBM mouse model. Insulin feedback and the immune microenvironment were retrospectively evaluated in blood and tumor tissue from a Phase 2 clinical trial of buparlisib in patients with recurrent GBM. RESULTS We found that PI3K inhibition induces hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in mice and that combining metformin with PI3K inhibition improves the treatment efficacy in an orthotopic GBM xenograft model. Through examination of clinical trial data, we found that hyperglycemia was an independent factor associated with poor progression-free survival in patients with GBM. We also found that PI3K inhibition increased insulin receptor activation and T-cell and microglia abundance in tumor tissue from these patients. CONCLUSION Reducing insulin feedback improves the efficacy of PI3K inhibition in GBM in mice, and hyperglycemia worsens progression-free survival in patients with GBM treated with PI3K inhibition. These findings indicate that hyperglycemia is a critical resistance mechanism associated with PI3K inhibition in GBM and that anti-hyperglycemic therapy may enhance PI3K inhibitor efficacy in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan K Noch
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura N Palma
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Isaiah Yim
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nayah Bullen
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuqing Qiu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hiranmayi Ravichandran
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Junbum Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andre Rendeiro
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melissa B Davis
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - David J Pisapia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hongbiao Carl LeKaye
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason A Koutcher
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Neuro-oncology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Zhai K. The changing landscape of semiconductor manufacturing: why the health sector should care. Front Health Serv 2023; 3:1198501. [PMID: 37378351 PMCID: PMC10292744 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2023.1198501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
As semiconductor devices become increasingly ubiquitous in healthcare, the health sector has in turn grown highly dependent on the semiconductor industry. This relationship is not always symbiotic, and even mild turbulence in the semiconductor industry has the potential to derail patient care. Here, we introduce semiconductor manufacturing and discuss political and economic forces that will shape the industry for years to come. The uncertain outlook for semiconductors underscores the need for stakeholder collaboration to ensure an adequate supply of semiconductor-utilizing medical devices for the patients of today and tomorrow.
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Senevirathne DKL, Mahboob A, Zhai K, Paul P, Kammen A, Lee DJ, Yousef MS, Chaari A. Deep Brain Stimulation beyond the Clinic: Navigating the Future of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:1478. [PMID: 37296599 PMCID: PMC10252401 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure that uses electrical neuromodulation to target specific regions of the brain, showing potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite similarities in disease pathology, DBS is currently only approved for use in PD patients, with limited literature on its effectiveness in AD. While DBS has shown promise in ameliorating brain circuits in PD, further research is needed to determine the optimal parameters for DBS and address any potential side effects. This review emphasizes the need for foundational and clinical research on DBS in different brain regions to treat AD and recommends the development of a classification system for adverse effects. Furthermore, this review suggests the use of either a low-frequency system (LFS) or high-frequency system (HFS) depending on the specific symptoms of the patient for both PD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anns Mahboob
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Pradipta Paul
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Alexandra Kammen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Darrin Jason Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mohammad S. Yousef
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Ali Chaari
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
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Zhai K, Masoodi NA, Zhang L, Yousef MS, Qoronfleh MW. Healthcare Fusion: An Innovative Framework for Health Information Management. EJKM 2022. [DOI: 10.34190/ejkm.20.3.2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Perhaps the main goal of healthcare management is the attainment of effective, efficient, equitable, timely, safe, and patient-centered care. At the core of this lies the need for an integrated pathway for healthcare data storage, analysis, and utilization. The potential exists for a centralized, cloud-based system that links physicians, hospitals, public health agencies, insurance and pharmaceutical companies, and most importantly, patients. Such a system could improve clinical quality management and support the delivery of consistent and effective treatments. Undoubtedly, massive integration of personalized health and large-scale epidemiological and molecular data, coupled with the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning, is already in process. Here, we envision the healthcare fusion framework, which unites all stakeholders in healthcare. This fusion aims to achieve culturally and demographically relevant outcomes in precision medicine and population health, in ways that are convincing to stakeholders and investors. In addition, the proposed framework may prove relevant in informing governmental and private sector responses to sudden public health crises.
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Zhai HY, Yousef MS, Zhai K. Nanophase engineering and visualization for biomedical applications: from technology to method. QScience Connect 2022. [DOI: 10.5339/connect.2022.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Y. Zhai
- Independent Engineering Consultant, Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
| | | | - Kevin Zhai
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
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Mahmoud L, Al-Wahshi F, Zhai K, Sebah M, Yousef MS. The improvement in PM2.5 levels in Education City, Doha, Qatar during the COVID-19 lockdown was limited and transient. QScience Connect 2022. [DOI: 10.5339/connect.2022.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Mahmoud
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar E-mail: , ,
| | | | - Kevin Zhai
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar E-mail: , ,
| | - Majda Sebah
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar E-mail: , ,
| | - Mohammad S. Yousef
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar E-mail: , ,
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Zhai K, Al-Wahshi F, Mahmoud L, Sebah M, Yousef MS. Data mining indicates an association between ambient PM2.5 levels and wind speed in an urban environment (Education City, Doha, Qatar). QScience Connect 2022. [DOI: 10.5339/connect.2022.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zhai
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar E-mail: ,
| | | | - Latifa Mahmoud
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar E-mail: ,
| | - Majda Sebah
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar E-mail: ,
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Zhai K, Orr M, Grits D, Emara AK, Rothfusz CA, Piuzzi NS. Factors Affecting 30-Day Mortality following Primary Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Database Study of 326,157 Patients. J Knee Surg 2021; 36:575-583. [PMID: 34921379 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite its rarity, the risk of mortality following primary elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a critical component of surgical decision-making and patient counseling. The purpose of our study was to (1) determine the overall 30-day mortality rate for unilateral primary elective TKA patients, (2) determine the 30-day mortality rates when stratified by age, comorbidities, and preoperative diagnosis, and (3) identify the distribution of (i) patient demographics, (ii) baseline comorbidities, and (iii) preoperative diagnoses between mortality and mortality-free cohorts. A total of 326,157 patients underwent primary elective TKA (2011-2018) were identified through retrospective review of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. Patients were divided into 30-day mortality (n = 320) and mortality-free (n = 325,837) cohorts. Patient demographics, preoperative comorbidities, and preoperative diagnoses were compared. Age group, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score, and modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores were normalized per 1000 and stratified by preoperative diagnosis. The overall mortality rate was 0.098%. Older age (p < 0.001) and male gender (p < 0.001) were associated with increased mortality. There was no association between mortality and race (p = 0.346) or body mass index (BMI) class (p = 0.722). All reported comorbidities except smoking status were significantly greater in the mortality cohort (p < 0.05). For ASA scores of I, II, III, and IV, the number of deaths per 1,000 were 0.16, 0.47, 1.4, and 4.4, respectively. For CCI scores of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, mortality rates per 1,000 were 0.76, 2.1, 7.0, 11, 29, and 7.6, respectively. Mortality rates for a preoperative diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) versus non-OA were, respectively, 0.096% and 0.19% (p < 0.001). Increased age, male gender, increased comorbidity burden, and non-OA preoperative diagnoses are associated with higher rates of 30-day postoperative mortality. There were no significant associations between BMI or race and 30-day mortality. These findings aid in identifying of higher-risk patients, who can then receive appropriate counseling or preoperative interventions to reduce the risk of perioperative mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zhai
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Melissa Orr
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel Grits
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ahmed K Emara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Christopher A Rothfusz
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicolas S Piuzzi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Zhai K, Mazurakova A, Koklesova L, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Flavonoids Synergistically Enhance the Anti-Glioblastoma Effects of Chemotherapeutic Drugs. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121841. [PMID: 34944485 PMCID: PMC8699565 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic plant secondary metabolites with pleiotropic biological properties, including anti-cancer activities. These natural compounds have potential utility in glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant central nervous system tumor derived from astrocytes. Conventional GBM treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical tumor resection are beneficial but limited by extensive tumor invasion and drug/radiation resistance. Therefore, dietary flavonoids—with demonstrated anti-GBM properties in preclinical research—are potential alternative therapies. This review explores the synergistic enhancement of the anti-GBM effects of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs by flavonoids. Primary studies published between 2011 and 2021 on flavonoid–chemotherapeutic synergy in GBM were obtained from PubMed. These studies demonstrate that flavonoids such as chrysin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), formononetin, hispidulin, icariin, quercetin, rutin, and silibinin synergistically enhance the effects of canonical chemotherapeutics. These beneficial effects are mediated by the modulation of intracellular signaling mechanisms related to apoptosis, proliferation, autophagy, motility, and chemoresistance. In this light, flavonoids hold promise in improving current therapeutic strategies and ultimately overcoming GBM drug resistance. However, despite positive preclinical results, further investigations are necessary before the commencement of clinical trials. Key considerations include the bioavailability, blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and safety of flavonoids; optimal dosages of flavonoids and chemotherapeutics; drug delivery platforms; and the potential for adverse interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Alena Mazurakova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.M.); (L.K.)
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.M.); (L.K.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar;
- Correspondence:
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Ng M, Shah NS, Golub I, Ciminero M, Zhai K, Kang KK, Emara AK, Piuzzi NS. No difference between lag screw and helical blade for cephalomedullary nail cut-out a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2021; 32:1617-1625. [PMID: 34665292 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-021-03124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cephalomedullary nail (CMN) cut-out is a severe complication of treatment of intertrochanteric femur fractures. This study aimed to identify modifiable risk factors predictive of implant cut-out including: CMN proximal fixation type (lag screw vs. helical blade), tip-apex distance (TAD), reduction quality, nail length, screw location, and surgeon fellowship training. METHODS A systematic review of the published literature was conducted on Pubmed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases for English language papers (January 1st, 1985-May 10th, 2020), with 21 studies meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria. Studies providing quantitative data comparing factors affecting CMN nail cut-out were included, including fixation type (lag screw vs. helical blade), tip-apex distance (TAD), reduction quality, nail length, and screw location. Twelve studies were included and graded by MINOR and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to identify potential biases. Meta-analysis and pooled analysis were conducted when possible with forest plots to summarize odds ratios (OR) and associated 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS There was no difference in implant cut-out rate between lag screws (n = 745) versus helical blade (n = 371) (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.25-4.23). Pooled data analysis revealed TAD > 25 mm (n = 310) was associated with higher odds of increased cut-out rate relative to TAD < 25 mm (n = 730) (OR: 3.72; 95% CI: 2.06-6.72). CONCLUSION Our review suggests that cephalomedullary implant type (lag screw vs. helical blade) is not a risk factor for implant cut-out. Consistent with the previous literature, increased tip-apex distance > 25 mm is a reliable predictor of implant cut-out risk. Suboptimal screw location and poor reduction quality are associated with increased risk of screw cut-out. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Ng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, 4803 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11219, USA
| | - Nihar S Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Ivan Golub
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, 4803 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11219, USA
| | - Matthew Ciminero
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, 4803 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11219, USA
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic and Rheumatologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Mailcode A41, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Kevin K Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, 4803 10th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11219, USA
| | - Ahmed K Emara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic and Rheumatologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Mailcode A41, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Nicolas S Piuzzi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic and Rheumatologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Mailcode A41, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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Liskova A, Koklesova L, Samec M, Abdellatif B, Zhai K, Siddiqui M, Šudomová M, Hassan ST, Kudela E, Biringer K, Giordano FA, Büsselberg D, Golubnitschaja O, Kubatka P. Targeting phytoprotection in the COVID-19-induced lung damage and associated systemic effects-the evidence-based 3PM proposition to mitigate individual risks. EPMA J 2021; 12:325-347. [PMID: 34367380 PMCID: PMC8329620 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The risks related to the COVID-19 are multi-faceted including but by far not restricted to the following: direct health risks by poorly understood effects of COVID-19 infection, overloaded capacities of healthcare units, restricted and slowed down care of patients with non-communicable disorders such as cancer, neurologic and cardiovascular pathologies, among others; social risks-restricted and broken social contacts, isolation, professional disruption, explosion of aggression in the society, violence in the familial environment; mental risks-loneliness, helplessness, defenceless, depressions; and economic risks-slowed down industrial productivity, broken delivery chains, unemployment, bankrupted SMEs, inflation, decreased capacity of the state to perform socially important programs and to support socio-economically weak subgroups in the population. Directly or indirectly, the above listed risks will get reflected in a healthcare occupation and workload which is a tremendous long-term challenge for the healthcare capacity and robustness. The article does not pretend to provide solutions for all kind of health risks. However, it aims to present the scientific evidence of great clinical utility for primary, secondary, and tertiary care to protect affected individuals in a cost-effective manner. To this end, due to pronounced antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties, naturally occurring plant substances are capable to protect affected individuals against COVID-19-associated life-threatening complications such as lung damage. Furthermore, they can be highly effective, if being applied to secondary and tertiary care of noncommunicable diseases under pandemic condition. Thus, the stratification of patients evaluating specific health conditions such as sleep quality, periodontitis, smoking, chronic inflammation and diseases, metabolic disorders and obesity, vascular dysfunction, and cancers would enable effective managemenet of COVID-19-associated complications in primary, secondary, and tertiary care in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Basma Abdellatif
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Manaal Siddiqui
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Miroslava Šudomová
- Museum of Literature in Moravia, Klášter 1, 66461, Rajhrad, Czech Republic
| | - Sherif T.S. Hassan
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Kudela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Koklesova L, Liskova A, Samec M, Zhai K, AL-Ishaq RK, Bugos O, Šudomová M, Biringer K, Pec M, Adamkov M, Hassan STS, Saso L, Giordano FA, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Protective Effects of Flavonoids Against Mitochondriopathies and Associated Pathologies: Focus on the Predictive Approach and Personalized Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168649. [PMID: 34445360 PMCID: PMC8395457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-factorial mitochondrial damage exhibits a “vicious circle” that leads to a progression of mitochondrial dysfunction and multi-organ adverse effects. Mitochondrial impairments (mitochondriopathies) are associated with severe pathologies including but not restricted to cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. However, the type and level of cascading pathologies are highly individual. Consequently, patient stratification, risk assessment, and mitigating measures are instrumental for cost-effective individualized protection. Therefore, the paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) is unavoidable in advanced healthcare. Flavonoids demonstrate evident antioxidant and scavenging activity are of great therapeutic utility against mitochondrial damage and cascading pathologies. In the context of 3PM, this review focuses on preclinical and clinical research data evaluating the efficacy of flavonoids as a potent protector against mitochondriopathies and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (R.K.A.-I.)
| | - Raghad Khalid AL-Ishaq
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (R.K.A.-I.)
| | | | - Miroslava Šudomová
- Museum of Literature in Moravia, Klášter 1, 664 61 Rajhrad, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Marian Adamkov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Sherif T. S. Hassan
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (R.K.A.-I.)
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (P.K.); (O.G.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, EPMA, 1150 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (P.K.); (O.G.)
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, EPMA, 1150 Brussels, Belgium
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (P.K.); (O.G.)
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13
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Samec M, Liskova A, Koklesova L, Zhai K, Varghese E, Samuel SM, Šudomová M, Lucansky V, Kassayova M, Pec M, Biringer K, Brockmueller A, Kajo K, Hassan STS, Shakibaei M, Golubnitschaja O, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P. Metabolic Anti-Cancer Effects of Melatonin: Clinically Relevant Prospects. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3018. [PMID: 34208645 PMCID: PMC8234897 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming characterized by alterations in nutrient uptake and critical molecular pathways associated with cancer cell metabolism represents a fundamental process of malignant transformation. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland. Melatonin primarily regulates circadian rhythms but also exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities. Concerning cancer metabolism, melatonin displays significant anticancer effects via the regulation of key components of aerobic glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and lipid metabolism. Melatonin treatment affects glucose transporter (GLUT) expression, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity, lactate production and other metabolic contributors. Moreover, melatonin modulates critical players in cancer development, such as HIF-1 and p53. Taken together, melatonin has notable anti-cancer effects at malignancy initiation, progression and metastasing. Further investigations of melatonin impacts relevant for cancer metabolism are expected to create innovative approaches supportive for the effective prevention and targeted therapy of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Miroslava Šudomová
- Museum of Literature in Moravia, Klašter 1, 66461 Rajhrad, Czech Republic;
| | - Vincent Lucansky
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Monika Kassayova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafarik University, 04001 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute Hospital, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81439 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sherif T. S. Hassan
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, EPMA, 1160 Brussels, Belgium;
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, EPMA, 1160 Brussels, Belgium;
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Zhai K, Dilawar A, Yousef MS, Holroyd S, El-Hammali H, Abdelmonem M. Virtual Reality Therapy for Depression and Mood in Long-Term Care Facilities. Geriatrics (Basel) 2021; 6:58. [PMID: 34199801 PMCID: PMC8293126 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics6020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) describes a family of technologies which immerse users in sensorily-stimulating virtual environments. Such technologies have increasingly found applications in the treatment of neurological and mental health disorders. Depression, anxiety, and other mood abnormalities are of concern in the growing older population-especially those who reside in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). The transition from the familiar home environment to the foreign LTCF introduces a number of stressors that can precipitate depression. However, recent studies reveal that VR therapy (VRT) can promote positive emotionality and improve cognitive abilities in older people, both at home and in LTCFs. VR thus holds potential in allowing older individuals to gradually adapt to their new environments-thereby mitigating the detrimental effects of place attachment and social exclusion. Nevertheless, while the current psychological literature is promising, the implementation of VR in LTCFs faces many challenges. LTCF residents must gain trust in VR technologies, care providers require training to maximize the positive effects of VRT, and decision makers must evaluate both the opportunities and obstacles in adopting VR. In this review article, we concisely discuss the implications of depression related to place attachment in LTCFs, and explore the potential therapeutic applications of VR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zhai
- Premedical Unit, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (A.D.); (M.S.Y.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Azwa Dilawar
- Premedical Unit, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (A.D.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Mohammad S. Yousef
- Premedical Unit, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (A.D.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Sean Holroyd
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Haithem El-Hammali
- VCU School of the Arts in Qatar, Virginia Commonwealth University, Doha P.O. Box 8095, Qatar
| | - Marwa Abdelmonem
- VCU School of the Arts in Qatar, Virginia Commonwealth University, Doha P.O. Box 8095, Qatar
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15
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Kudela E, Liskova A, Samec M, Koklesova L, Holubekova V, Rokos T, Kozubik E, Pribulova T, Zhai K, Busselberg D, Kubatka P, Biringer K. The interplay between the vaginal microbiome and innate immunity in the focus of predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach to combat HPV-induced cervical cancer. EPMA J 2021; 12:199-220. [PMID: 34194585 PMCID: PMC8192654 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HPVs representing the most common sexually transmitted disease are a group of carcinogenic viruses with different oncogenic potential. The immune system and the vaginal microbiome represent the modifiable and important risk factors in HPV-induced carcinogenesis. HPV infection significantly increases vaginal microbiome diversity, leading to gradual increases in the abundance of anaerobic bacteria and consequently the severity of cervical dysplasia. Delineation of the exact composition of the vaginal microbiome and immune environment before HPV acquisition, during persistent/progressive infections and after clearance, provides insights into the complex mechanisms of cervical carcinogenesis. It gives hints regarding the prediction of malignant potential. Relative high HPV prevalence in the general population is a challenge for modern and personalized diagnostics and therapeutic guidelines. Identifying the dominant microbial biomarkers of high-grade and low-grade dysplasia could help us to triage the patients with marked chances of lesion regression or progression. Any unnecessary surgical treatment of cervical dysplasia could negatively affect obstetrical outcomes and sexual life. Therefore, understanding the effect and role of microbiome-based therapies is a breaking point in the conservative management of HPV-associated precanceroses. The detailed evaluation of HPV capabilities to evade immune mechanisms from various biofluids (vaginal swabs, cervicovaginal lavage/secretions, or blood) could promote the identification of new immunological targets for novel individualized diagnostics and therapy. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of local immune and microbial environment and associated risk factors constitutes the critical background for preventive, predictive, and personalized medicine that is essential for improving state-of-the-art medical care in patients with cervical precanceroses and cervical cancer. The review article focuses on the influence and potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of the local innate immune system and the microbial markers in HPV-related cancers in the context of 3P medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kudela
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Holubekova
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Rokos
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erik Kozubik
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Terezia Pribulova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Dietrich Busselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, EPMA, 1160 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
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16
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Liskova A, Samec M, Koklesova L, Brockmueller A, Zhai K, Abdellatif B, Siddiqui M, Biringer K, Kudela E, Pec M, Gadanec LK, Šudomová M, Hassan STS, Zulli A, Shakibaei M, Giordano FA, Büsselberg D, Golubnitschaja O, Kubatka P. Flavonoids as an effective sensitizer for anti-cancer therapy: insights into multi-faceted mechanisms and applicability towards individualized patient profiles. EPMA J 2021; 12:155-176. [PMID: 34025826 PMCID: PMC8126506 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cost-efficacy of currently applied treatments is an issue in overall cancer management challenging healthcare and causing tremendous economic burden to societies around the world. Consequently, complex treatment models presenting concepts of predictive diagnostics followed by targeted prevention and treatments tailored to the personal patient profiles earn global appreciation as benefiting the patient, healthcare economy, and the society at large. In this context, application of flavonoids as a spectrum of compounds and their nano-technologically created derivatives is extensively under consideration, due to their multi-faceted anti-cancer effects applicable to the overall cost-effective cancer management, primary, secondary, and even tertiary prevention. This article analyzes most recently updated data focused on the potent capacity of flavonoids to promote anti-cancer therapeutic effects and interprets all the collected research achievements in the frame-work of predictive, preventive, and personalized (3P) medicine. Main pillars considered are: - Predictable anti-neoplastic, immune-modulating, drug-sensitizing effects; - Targeted molecular pathways to improve therapeutic outcomes by increasing sensitivity of cancer cells and reversing their resistance towards currently applied therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Basma Abdellatif
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Manaal Siddiqui
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erik Kudela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, 3030 Australia
| | - Miroslava Šudomová
- Museum of Literature in Moravia, Klášter 1, 66461 Rajhrad, Czech Republic
| | - Sherif T. S. Hassan
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, 3030 Australia
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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17
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Siddiqui M, Abdellatif B, Zhai K, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Flavonoids Alleviate Peripheral Neuropathy Induced by Anticancer Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071576. [PMID: 33805565 PMCID: PMC8036789 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a debilitating condition that severely reduces the quality of life of a considerable proportion of cancer patients. There is no cure for CIPN to date. Here, we explore the potential of flavonoids as pharmacological agents in combating CIPN. Flavonoids alleviate CIPN by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal damage, among other mechanisms. Future research should evaluate the efficacy and side effects of flavonoids in human models of CIPN. Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to assess the potential of flavonoids in combating CIPN. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were used, and studies that investigated flavonoids in models of CIPN and models of neuropathic pain similar to CIPN were included. Only studies investigating peripheral mechanisms of CIPN were used. Results: Flavonoids inhibit several essential mechanisms of CIPN, such as proinflammatory cytokine release, astrocyte and microglial activation, oxidative stress, neuronal damage and apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, ectopic discharge, and ion channel activation. They decreased the severity of certain CIPN symptoms, such as thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical, tactile, and cold allodynia. Conclusions: Flavonoids hold immense promise in treating CIPN; thus, future research should investigate their effects in humans. Specifically, precise pharmacological mechanisms and side effects need to be elucidated in human models before clinical benefits can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaal Siddiqui
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (M.S.); (B.A.); (K.Z.)
| | - Basma Abdellatif
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (M.S.); (B.A.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (M.S.); (B.A.); (K.Z.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (M.S.); (B.A.); (K.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Roche T, Romero J, Zhai K, Granstedt E, Gota H, Putvinski S, Smirnov A, Binderbauer MW. The integrated diagnostic suite of the C-2W experimental field-reversed configuration device and its applications. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:033548. [PMID: 33820036 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the current experimental device of TAE Technologies, C-2W (also called "Norman"), record breaking advanced beam-driven field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas are produced and sustained in steady state utilizing variable energy neutral beams (15-40 keV, total power up to 20 MW), advanced divertors, bias electrodes, and an active plasma control system. This fully operational experiment is coupled with a fully operational suite of advanced diagnostic systems. The suite consists of 60+ individual systems spanning 20 categories, including magnetic sensors, Thomson scattering, interferometry/polarimetry, spectroscopy, fast imaging, bolometry, reflectometry, charged and neutral particle analysis, fusion product detection, and electric probes. Recently, measurements of main ion temperatures via a diagnostic neutral beam, axial profiles of energy flux from an array of bolometers, and divertor and edge plasma parameters via an extensive set of electric probes, interferometers, and spectrometers have all been made available. All the diagnostics work together to provide a complete picture of the FRC, fast-ion inventory, and edge plasma details enabling tomographic reconstruction of plasma parameter profiles and real-time plasma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Roche
- TAE Technologies, Inc., 19631 Pauling, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - J Romero
- TAE Technologies, Inc., 19631 Pauling, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - K Zhai
- TAE Technologies, Inc., 19631 Pauling, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - E Granstedt
- TAE Technologies, Inc., 19631 Pauling, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - H Gota
- TAE Technologies, Inc., 19631 Pauling, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - S Putvinski
- TAE Technologies, Inc., 19631 Pauling, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - A Smirnov
- TAE Technologies, Inc., 19631 Pauling, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - M W Binderbauer
- TAE Technologies, Inc., 19631 Pauling, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
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19
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Koklesova L, Samec M, Liskova A, Zhai K, Büsselberg D, Giordano FA, Kubatka P, Golunitschaja O. Mitochondrial impairments in aetiopathology of multifactorial diseases: common origin but individual outcomes in context of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:27-40. [PMID: 33686350 PMCID: PMC7931170 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury plays a key role in the aetiopathology of multifactorial diseases exhibiting a "vicious circle" characteristic for pathomechanisms of the mitochondrial and multi-organ damage frequently developed in a reciprocal manner. Although the origin of the damage is common (uncontrolled ROS release, diminished energy production and extensive oxidative stress to life-important biomolecules such as mtDNA and chrDNA), individual outcomes differ significantly representing a spectrum of associated pathologies including but not restricted to neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Contextually, the role of predictive, preventive and personalised (PPPM/3P) medicine is to introduce predictive analytical approaches which allow for distinguishing between individual outcomes under circumstance of mitochondrial impairments followed by cost-effective targeted prevention and personalisation of medical services. Current article considers innovative concepts and analytical instruments to advance management of mitochondriopathies and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Olga Golunitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Liskova A, Samec M, Koklesova L, Samuel SM, Zhai K, Al-Ishaq RK, Abotaleb M, Nosal V, Kajo K, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Brockmueller A, Shakibaei M, Sabaka P, Mozos I, Ullrich D, Prosecky R, La Rocca G, Caprnda M, Büsselberg D, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P, Kubatka P. Flavonoids against the SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammatory storm. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111430. [PMID: 33662680 PMCID: PMC7906511 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The disease severity of COVID-19, especially in the elderly and patients with co-morbidities, is characterized by hypercytokinemia, an exaggerated immune response associated with an uncontrolled and excessive release of proinflammatory cytokine mediators (cytokine storm). Flavonoids, important secondary metabolites of plants, have long been studied as therapeutic interventions in inflammatory diseases due to their cytokine-modulatory effects. In this review, we discuss the potential role of flavonoids in the modulation of signaling pathways that are crucial for COVID-19 disease, particularly those related to inflammation and immunity. The immunomodulatory ability of flavonoids, carried out by the regulation of inflammatory mediators, the inhibition of endothelial activation, NLRP3 inflammasome, toll-like receptors (TLRs) or bromodomain containing protein 4 (BRD4), and the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), might be beneficial in regulating the cytokine storm during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the ability of flavonoids to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), neutralize 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) or to affect gut microbiota to maintain immune response, and the dual action of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) may potentially also be applied to the exaggerated inflammatory responses induced by SARS-CoV-2. Based on the previously proven effects of flavonoids in other diseases or on the basis of newly published studies associated with COVID-19 (bioinformatics, molecular docking), it is reasonable to assume positive effects of flavonoids on inflammatory changes associated with COVID-19. This review highlights the current state of knowledge of the utility of flavonoids in the management of COVID-19 and also points to the multiple biological effects of flavonoids on signaling pathways associated with the inflammation processes that are deregulated in the pathology induced by SARS-CoV-2. The identification of agents, including naturally occurring substances such as flavonoids, represents great approach potentially utilizable in the management of COVID-19. Although not clinically investigated yet, the applicability of flavonoids against COVID-19 could be a promising strategy due to a broad spectrum of their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Samson M Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raghad Khalid Al-Ishaq
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vladimir Nosal
- Department of Neurology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia; Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Sabaka
- Department of Infectiology and Geographical Medicine, Faculty Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - David Ullrich
- Department of Leadership, Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Prosecky
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo and Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo and Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
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Brockmueller A, Sameri S, Liskova A, Zhai K, Varghese E, Samuel SM, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P, Shakibaei M. Resveratrol's Anti-Cancer Effects through the Modulation of Tumor Glucose Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020188. [PMID: 33430318 PMCID: PMC7825813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The prevention and treatment of cancer is an ongoing medical challenge. In the context of personalized medicine, the well-studied polyphenol resveratrol could complement classical tumor therapy. It may affect key processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis, proliferation, metastasis, glucose metabolism, and apoptosis in various cancers because resveratrol acts as a multi-targeting agent by modulating multiple signal transduction pathways. This review article focuses on resveratrol’s ability to modify tumor glucose metabolism and its associated therapeutic capacity. Resveratrol reduces glucose uptake and glycolysis by affecting Glut1, PFK1, HIF-1α, ROS, PDH, and the CamKKB/AMPK pathway. It also inhibits cell growth, invasion, and proliferation by targeting NF-kB, Sirt1, Sirt3, LDH, PI-3K, mTOR, PKM2, R5P, G6PD, TKT, talin, and PGAM. In addition, resveratrol induces apoptosis by targeting integrin, p53, LDH, and FAK. In conclusion, resveratrol has many potentials to intervene in tumor processes if bioavailability can be increased and this natural compound can be used selectively. Abstract Tumor cells develop several metabolic reprogramming strategies, such as increased glucose uptake and utilization via aerobic glycolysis and fermentation of glucose to lactate; these lead to a low pH environment in which the cancer cells thrive and evade apoptosis. These characteristics of tumor cells are known as the Warburg effect. Adaptive metabolic alterations in cancer cells can be attributed to mutations in key metabolic enzymes and transcription factors. The features of the Warburg phenotype may serve as promising markers for the early detection and treatment of tumors. Besides, the glycolytic process of tumors is reversible and could represent a therapeutic target. So-called mono-target therapies are often unsafe and ineffective, and have a high prevalence of recurrence. Their success is hindered by the ability of tumor cells to simultaneously develop multiple chemoresistance pathways. Therefore, agents that modify several cellular targets, such as energy restriction to target tumor cells specifically, have therapeutic potential. Resveratrol, a natural active polyphenol found in grapes and red wine and used in many traditional medicines, is known for its ability to target multiple components of signaling pathways in tumors, leading to the suppression of cell proliferation, activation of apoptosis, and regression in tumor growth. Here, we describe current knowledge on the various mechanisms by which resveratrol modulates glucose metabolism, its potential as an imitator of caloric restriction, and its therapeutic capacity in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Saba Sameri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 6517838678 Hamadan, Iran;
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-892-1807-2624; Fax: +49-892-1807-2625
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22
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Samec M, Liskova A, Koklesova L, Mersakova S, Strnadel J, Kajo K, Pec M, Zhai K, Smejkal K, Mirzaei S, Hushmandi K, Ashrafizadeh M, Saso L, Brockmueller A, Shakibaei M, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P. Flavonoids Targeting HIF-1: Implications on Cancer Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E130. [PMID: 33401572 PMCID: PMC7794792 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is described as an oxygen deprivation in malignant tissue. The hypoxic condition is a consequence of an imbalance between rapidly proliferating cells and a vascularization that leads to lower oxygen levels in tumors. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is an essential transcription factor contributing to the regulation of hypoxia-associated genes. Some of these genes modulate molecular cascades associated with the Warburg effect and its accompanying pathways and, therefore, represent promising targets for cancer treatment. Current progress in the development of therapeutic approaches brings several promising inhibitors of HIF-1. Flavonoids, widely occurring in various plants, exert a broad spectrum of beneficial effects on human health, and are potentially powerful therapeutic tools against cancer. Recent evidences identified numerous natural flavonoids and their derivatives as inhibitors of HIF-1, associated with the regulation of critical glycolytic components in cancer cells, including pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2), lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA), glucose transporters (GLUTs), hexokinase II (HKII), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK). Here, we discuss the results of most recent studies evaluating the impact of flavonoids on HIF-1 accompanied by the regulation of critical enzymes contributing to the Warburg phenotype. Besides, flavonoid effects on glucose metabolism via regulation of HIF-1 activity represent a promising avenue in cancer-related research. At the same time, only more-in depth investigations can further elucidate the mechanistic and clinical connections between HIF-1 and cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Sandra Mersakova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (S.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Jan Strnadel
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (S.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute Hospital, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Karel Smejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého třída 1946/1, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, 1477893855 Tehran, Iran;
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 1419963114 Tehran, Iran;
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
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23
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Koklesova L, Liskova A, Samec M, Zhai K, Abotaleb M, Ashrafizadeh M, Brockmueller A, Shakibaei M, Biringer K, Bugos O, Najafi M, Golubnitschaja O, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P. Carotenoids in Cancer Metastasis-Status Quo and Outlook. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1653. [PMID: 33321708 PMCID: PMC7763577 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis represents a major obstacle in cancer treatment and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Therefore, the identification of compounds targeting the multi-step and complex process of metastasis could improve outcomes in the management of cancer patients. Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments with a plethora of biological activities. Carotenoids exert a potent anti-cancer capacity in various cancer models in vitro and in vivo, mediated by the modulation of signaling pathways involved in the migration and invasion of cancer cells and metastatic progression, including key regulators of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and regulatory molecules, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and others. Moreover, carotenoids modulate the expression of genes associated with cancer progression and inflammatory processes as key mediators of the complex process involved in metastasis. Nevertheless, due to the predominantly preclinical nature of the known anti-tumor effects of carotenoids, and unclear results from certain carotenoids in specific cancer types and/or specific parts of the population, a precise analysis of the anti-cancer effects of carotenoids is essential. The identification of carotenoids as effective compounds targeting the complex process of cancer progression could improve the outcomes of advanced cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar; (K.Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar; (K.Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | | | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67146, Iran;
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67146, Iran
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar; (K.Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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24
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Zhai K, Brockmüller A, Kubatka P, Shakibaei M, Büsselberg D. Curcumin's Beneficial Effects on Neuroblastoma: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Potential Solutions. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111469. [PMID: 33105719 PMCID: PMC7690450 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from the South Asian turmeric plant (Curcuma longa), has well-characterized antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-protein-aggregate, and anticancer properties. Neuroblastoma (NB) is a cancer of the nervous system that arises primarily in pediatric patients. In order to reduce the multiple disadvantages and side effects of conventional oncologic modalities and to potentially overcome cancer drug resistance, natural substances such as curcumin are examined as complementary and supportive therapies against NB. In NB cell lines, curcumin by itself promotes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through the suppression of serine–threonine kinase Akt and nuclear factor kappa of activated B-cells (NF-κB) signaling, induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, and upregulation of p53 and caspase signaling. While curcumin demonstrates anti-NB efficacy in vitro, cross-validation between NB cell types is currently lacking for many of its specific mechanistic activities. Furthermore, curcumin’s low bioavailability by oral administration, poor absorption, and relative insolubility in water pose challenges to its clinical introduction. Numerous curcumin formulations, including nanoparticles, nanocarriers, and microemulsions, have been developed, with these having some success in the treatment of NB. In the future, standardization and further basic and preclinical trials will be required to ensure the safety of curcumin formulations. While the administration of curcumin is clinically safe even at high doses, clinical trials are necessary to substantiate the practical efficacy of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
| | - Aranka Brockmüller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4492-8334
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25
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Zhai K, Bhatti M, Khalil O, Khalil L, Al-Hail M, Yousef MS. Real-time air pollution (PM2.5) measurements in Education City, Doha, Qatar: Evaluating data from two different photometric monitors. QScience Connect 2020. [DOI: 10.5339/connect.2020.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zhai
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Bhatti
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Khalil
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laila Khalil
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Moza Al-Hail
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
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26
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Samec M, Liskova A, Koklesova L, Samuel SM, Zhai K, Buhrmann C, Varghese E, Abotaleb M, Qaradakhi T, Zulli A, Kello M, Mojzis J, Zubor P, Kwon TK, Shakibaei M, Büsselberg D, Sarria GR, Golubnitschaja O, Kubatka P. Flavonoids against the Warburg phenotype-concepts of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine to cut the Gordian knot of cancer cell metabolism. EPMA J 2020; 11:377-398. [PMID: 32843908 PMCID: PMC7429635 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Warburg effect is characterised by increased glucose uptake and lactate secretion in cancer cells resulting from metabolic transformation in tumour tissue. The corresponding molecular pathways switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, due to changes in glucose degradation mechanisms known as the 'Warburg reprogramming' of cancer cells. Key glycolytic enzymes, glucose transporters and transcription factors involved in the Warburg transformation are frequently dysregulated during carcinogenesis considered as promising diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as treatment targets. Flavonoids are molecules with pleiotropic activities. The metabolism-regulating anticancer effects of flavonoids are broadly demonstrated in preclinical studies. Flavonoids modulate key pathways involved in the Warburg phenotype including but not limited to PKM2, HK2, GLUT1 and HIF-1. The corresponding molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance of 'anti-Warburg' effects of flavonoids are discussed in this review article. The most prominent examples are provided for the potential application of targeted 'anti-Warburg' measures in cancer management. Individualised profiling and patient stratification are presented as powerful tools for implementing targeted 'anti-Warburg' measures in the context of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Constanze Buhrmann
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tawar Qaradakhi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011 Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011 Australia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafarik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafarik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Zubor
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- OBGY Health & Care, Ltd., 01001 Zilina, Slovak Republic
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, 426 01 South Korea
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gustavo R. Sarria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
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Zhai K, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Calcium Entry through TRPV1: A Potential Target for the Regulation of Proliferation and Apoptosis in Cancerous and Healthy Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4177. [PMID: 32545311 PMCID: PMC7312732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration ([Ca2+]i) is a key determinant of cell fate and is implicated in carcinogenesis. Membrane ion channels are structures through which ions enter or exit the cell, depending on the driving forces. The opening of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ligand-gated ion channels facilitates transmembrane Ca2+ and Na+ entry, which modifies the delicate balance between apoptotic and proliferative signaling pathways. Proliferation is upregulated through two mechanisms: (1) ATP binding to the G-protein-coupled receptor P2Y2, commencing a kinase signaling cascade that activates the serine-threonine kinase Akt, and (2) the transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), leading to a series of protein signals that activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2. The TRPV1-apoptosis pathway involves Ca2+ influx and efflux between the cytosol, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c from the mitochondria, caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation and condensation. While proliferative mechanisms are typically upregulated in cancerous tissues, shifting the balance to favor apoptosis could support anti-cancer therapies. TRPV1, through [Ca2+]i signaling, influences cancer cell fate; therefore, the modulation of the TRPV1-enforced proliferation-apoptosis balance is a promising avenue in developing anti-cancer therapies and overcoming cancer drug resistance. As such, this review characterizes and evaluates the role of TRPV1 in cell death and survival, in the interest of identifying mechanistic targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, PO Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, PO Box 24144, Qatar;
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Zhai K, Schindler T, Ottaviano A, Zhang H, Fallah D, Wells J, Parke E, Thompson MC. Thomson scattering systems on C-2W field-reversed configuration plasma experiment. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10C118. [PMID: 30399708 DOI: 10.1063/1.5037327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
TAE Technologies' newly constructed C-2W experiment aims to improve the ion and electron temperatures in a sustained field-reversed configuration plasma. A suite of Thomson scattering systems has been designed and constructed for electron temperature and density profile measurements. The systems are designed for electron densities of 1 × 1012 cm-3 to 2 × 1014 cm-3 and temperature ranges from 10 eV to 2 keV. The central system will provide profile measurements of Te and ne at 16 radial locations from r = -9 cm to r = 64 cm with a temporal resolution of 20 kHz for 4 pulses or 1 kHz for 30 pulses. The jet system will provide profile measurements of Te and ne at 5 radial locations in the open field region from r = -5 cm to r = 15 cm with a temporal resolution of 100 Hz. The central system and its components have been characterized, calibrated, installed, and commissioned. A maximum-likelihood algorithm has been applied for data processing and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zhai
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - T Schindler
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - A Ottaviano
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - H Zhang
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - D Fallah
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - J Wells
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - E Parke
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - M C Thompson
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
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Ottaviano A, Schindler TM, Zhai K, Parke E, Granstedt E, Thompson MC. Characterization and calibration of the Thomson scattering diagnostic suite for the C-2W field-reversed configuration experiment. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10C120. [PMID: 30399673 DOI: 10.1063/1.5037101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The new C-2W Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostic consists of two individual subsystems for monitoring electron temperature (Te) and density (ne): one system in the central region is currently operational, and the second system is being commissioned to monitor the open field line region. Validating the performance of the TS's custom designed system components and unique calibration of the detection system and diagnostic as a whole is crucial to obtaining high precision Te and ne profiles of C-2W's plasma. The major components include a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser which produces 35 pulses at up to 20 kHz, uniquely designed collection lenses with a fast numerical aperture, and uniquely designed polychromators with filters sets to optimize a Te ranging from 10 eV to 2 keV. This paper describes the design principles and techniques used to characterize the main components of the TS diagnostic on C-2W, as well as the results of Rayleigh scattering calibrations performed for the whole system response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ottaviano
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - T M Schindler
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - K Zhai
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - E Parke
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - E Granstedt
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
| | - M C Thompson
- TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, California 92610, USA
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Anderson DT, Abdou A, Almagri AF, Anderson FSB, Canik JM, Guttenfelder W, Lechte C, Likin KM, Lu H, Oh S, Probert PH, Radder J, Sakaguchi V, Schmitt J, Talmadge JN, Zhai K, Brower DL, Deng C. Overview of Recent Results from HSX. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst06-a1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. T. Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - A. Abdou
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - A. F. Almagri
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - F. S. B. Anderson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - J. M. Canik
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - W. Guttenfelder
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - C. Lechte
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - K. M. Likin
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - H. Lu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - S. Oh
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - P. H. Probert
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - J. Radder
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - V. Sakaguchi
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - J. Schmitt
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - J. N. Talmadge
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - K. Zhai
- University of Wisconsin-Madison HSX Plasma Laboratory, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - D. L. Brower
- University of California-Los Angeles, Electrical Engineering Department 66-127J Engineering IV Building, Los Angeles, California 90095-1594
| | - C. Deng
- University of California-Los Angeles, Electrical Engineering Department 66-127J Engineering IV Building, Los Angeles, California 90095-1594
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Gota H, Tuszewski M, Trask E, Garate E, Binderbauer MW, Tajima T, Schmitz L, Deng BH, Guo HY, Aefsky S, Allfrey I, Barnes D, Bolte N, Bui DQ, Ceccherini F, Clary R, Conroy KD, Cordero M, Dettrick SA, Douglass JD, Feng P, Granstedt E, Gupta D, Gupta S, Hooper C, Kinley JS, Knapp K, Korepanov S, Longman A, Magee R, Mendoza R, Mok Y, Necas A, Primavera S, Putvinski S, Onofri M, Osin D, Rath N, Roche T, Romero J, Rostoker N, Schroeder JH, Sevier L, Sibley A, Smirnov A, Song Y, Steinhauer LC, Thompson MC, Valentine T, Van Drie AD, Walters JK, Waggoner W, Yang X, Yushmanov P, Zhai K. Improved Confinement of C-2 Field-Reversed Configuration Plasmas. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst14-871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Gota
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - M. Tuszewski
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - E. Trask
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - E. Garate
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - M. W. Binderbauer
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - T. Tajima
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - L. Schmitz
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - B. H. Deng
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - H. Y. Guo
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - S. Aefsky
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - I. Allfrey
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - D. Barnes
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - N. Bolte
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - D. Q. Bui
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - F. Ceccherini
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - R. Clary
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - K. D. Conroy
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - M. Cordero
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - S. A. Dettrick
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - J. D. Douglass
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - P. Feng
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - E. Granstedt
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - D. Gupta
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - S. Gupta
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - C. Hooper
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - J. S. Kinley
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - K. Knapp
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - S. Korepanov
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - A. Longman
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - R. Magee
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - R. Mendoza
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - Y. Mok
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - A. Necas
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - S. Primavera
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - S. Putvinski
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - M. Onofri
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - D. Osin
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - N. Rath
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - T. Roche
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - J. Romero
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - N. Rostoker
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - J. H. Schroeder
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - L. Sevier
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - A. Sibley
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - A. Smirnov
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - Y. Song
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - L. C. Steinhauer
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - M. C. Thompson
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - T. Valentine
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - A. D. Van Drie
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - J. K. Walters
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - W. Waggoner
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - X. Yang
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - P. Yushmanov
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
| | - K. Zhai
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688
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Zhai K, Schindler T, Kinley J, Deng B, Thompson MC. The upgrade of the Thomson scattering system for measurement on the C-2/C-2U devices. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11D602. [PMID: 27910634 DOI: 10.1063/1.4955496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The C-2/C-2U Thomson scattering system has been substantially upgraded during the latter phase of C-2/C-2U program. A Rayleigh channel has been added to each of the three polychromators of the C-2/C-2U Thomson scattering system. Onsite spectral calibration has been applied to avoid the issue of different channel responses at different spots on the photomultiplier tube surface. With the added Rayleigh channel, the absolute intensity response of the system is calibrated with Rayleigh scattering in argon gas from 0.1 to 4 Torr, where the Rayleigh scattering signal is comparable to the Thomson scattering signal at electron densities from 1 × 1013 to 4 × 1014 cm-3. A new signal processing algorithm, using a maximum likelihood method and including detailed analysis of different noise contributions within the system, has been developed to obtain electron temperature and density profiles. The system setup, spectral and intensity calibration procedure and its outcome, data analysis, and the results of electron temperature/density profile measurements will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zhai
- Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688, USA
| | - T Schindler
- Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688, USA
| | - J Kinley
- Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688, USA
| | - B Deng
- Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688, USA
| | - M C Thompson
- Tri Alpha Energy, Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688, USA
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Qian WF, Yan WC, Wang TQ, Shao XD, Zhai K, Han LF, Lv CC. Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from domestic animals in central China. Trop Biomed 2015; 32:540-544. [PMID: 26695215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that has a remarkable ability to infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans. This study was aimed to determine the genetic characteristics of T. gondii isolates from domestic animals in Henan Province, central China. A total of 363 DNA samples, including 208 from hilar lymph nodes of pigs, 36 from blood samples of cats, 12 from tissues of aborted bovine fetuses and 107 from blood samples of dams with history of abortion in Henan Province, were examined for the presence of T. gondii by nested PCR based on B1 gene. The positive DNA samples were further genotyped by PCR-RFLP at 11 markers, including SAG1, (3'+ 5') SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico. DNA samples from 9 pigs, 5 cats, and 4 dairy cows were T. gondii B1 gene positive. Nine samples were successfully genotyped at all genetic loci, of which 5 samples from pigs, and 2 from cats were identified as ToxoDB genotype #9, and 2 samples from cows belonged to ToxoDB genotype #225. To our knowledge, the present study is the second report of genetic typing of T. gondii isolates from cattle in China, and the first report of T. gondii ToxoDB#225 from cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - W C Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - T Q Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - X D Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - K Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - L F Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - C C Lv
- PuLike Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, Luoyang, China
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Hubert F, Belacel-Ouari M, Manoury B, Zhai K, Domergue-Dupont V, Mateo P, Joubert F, Fischmeister R, Leblais V. Alteration of vascular reactivity in heart failure: role of phosphodiesterases 3 and 4. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:5361-75. [PMID: 25048877 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study examined the role of the main vascular cAMP-hydrolysing phosphodiesterases (cAMP-PDE) in the regulation of basal vascular tone and relaxation of rat aorta mediated by β-adrenoceptors, following heart failure (HF). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Twenty-two weeks after proximal aortic stenosis, to induce HF, or SHAM surgery in rats, we evaluated the expression, activity and function of cAMP-PDE in the descending thoracic aorta. KEY RESULTS HF rat aortas exhibited signs of endothelial dysfunction, with alterations of the NO pathway, and alteration of PDE3 and PDE4 subtype expression, without changing total aortic cAMP-hydrolytic activity and PDE1, PDE3 and PDE4 activities. Vascular reactivity experiments using PDE inhibitors showed that PDE3 and PDE4 controlled the level of PGF2α -stimulated contraction in SHAM aorta. PDE3 function was partially inhibited by endothelial NO, whereas PDE4 function required a functional endothelium and was under the negative control of PDE3. In HF, PDE3 function was preserved, but its regulation by endothelial NO was altered. PDE4 function was abolished and restored by PDE3 inhibition. In PGF2α -precontracted arteries, β-adrenoceptor stimulation-induced relaxation in SHAM aorta, which was abolished in the absence of functional endothelium, as well as in HF aortas, but restored after PDE3 inhibition in all unresponsive arteries. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our study underlines the key role of the endothelium in controlling the contribution of smooth muscle PDE to contractile function. In HF, endothelial dysfunction had a major effect on PDE3 function and PDE3 inhibition restored a functional relaxation to β-adrenoceptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hubert
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Inserm UMR-S 769, LabEx LERMIT-DHU TORINO, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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Zhai K, Gao G, Cao W, Zhao L, Fang X, Duan H. Simultaneous HPLC determination of four active compounds in fengshiding capsules, a chinese medicine. Indian J Pharm Sci 2014; 76:445-9. [PMID: 25425759 PMCID: PMC4243262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A high performance liquid chromatography method was established for simultaneously determining four bioactive components, salicin, liquiritin, paeonolum, and imperatorin in Fengshiding capsule, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for treating rheumatic disease. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Shimadzu Shim-pack Stable Bond C18 column using gradient elution with methanol and water. The analytical method was validated through precision, repeatability and stability, and the relative standard deviation values were less than 3%, respectively. The recoveries of the four investigated compounds ranged from 95.80 to 101.21% with relative standard deviation values less than 3.2%. Then this proposed method was successfully applied to determine six batches of Fengshiding commercial products of capsule dosage form from two pharmaceutical factories. This study might provide a basis for quality control for this traditional Chinese medicine preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Zhai
- Department of Complex Prescrition of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing-210 038, China
| | - G. Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University, Suzhou-234 000, China
| | - W. Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University, Suzhou-234 000, China
| | - L. Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University, Suzhou-234 000, China
| | - X. Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University, Suzhou-234 000, China
| | - H. Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University, Suzhou-234 000, China,Address for correspondence E-mail:
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Gota H, Tuszewski M, Smirnov A, Korepanov S, Akhmetov T, Ivanov A, Voskoboynikov R, Binderbauer MW, Guo HY, Barnes D, Aefsky S, Brown R, Bui DQ, Clary R, Conroy KD, Deng BH, Dettrick SA, Douglass JD, Garate E, Glass FJ, Gupta D, Gupta S, Kinley JS, Knapp K, Hollins M, Longman A, Li XL, Luo Y, Mendoza R, Mok Y, Necas A, Primavera S, Osin D, Rostoker N, Ruskov E, Schmitz L, Schroeder JH, Sevier L, Sibley A, Song Y, Sun X, Tajima T, Thompson MC, Trask E, Van Drie AD, Walters JK, Wyman MD, Zhai K. A High Performance Field-Reversed Configuration Regime in the C-2 Device. Fusion Science and Technology 2013. [DOI: 10.13182/fst13-a16890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Gota
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - M. Tuszewski
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - A. Smirnov
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - S. Korepanov
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - T. Akhmetov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - A. Ivanov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - R. Voskoboynikov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - M. W. Binderbauer
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - H. Y. Guo
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - D. Barnes
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - S. Aefsky
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - R. Brown
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - D. Q. Bui
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - R. Clary
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - K. D. Conroy
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - B. H. Deng
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - S. A. Dettrick
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - J. D. Douglass
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - E. Garate
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - F. J. Glass
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - D. Gupta
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - S. Gupta
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - J. S. Kinley
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - K. Knapp
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - M. Hollins
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - A. Longman
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - X. L. Li
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - Y. Luo
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - R. Mendoza
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - Y. Mok
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - A. Necas
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - S. Primavera
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - D. Osin
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - N. Rostoker
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - E. Ruskov
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - L. Schmitz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - J. H. Schroeder
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - L. Sevier
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - A. Sibley
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - Y. Song
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - X. Sun
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - T. Tajima
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - M. C. Thompson
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - E. Trask
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - A. D. Van Drie
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - J. K. Walters
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - M. D. Wyman
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
| | - K. Zhai
- Tri Alpha Energy Inc., P.O. Box 7010, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688, USA
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Canik JM, Anderson DT, Anderson FSB, Likin KM, Talmadge JN, Zhai K. Experimental demonstration of improved neoclassical transport with quasihelical symmetry. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:085002. [PMID: 17359105 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.085002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Differences in the electron particle and thermal transport are reported between plasmas produced in a quasihelically symmetric (QHS) magnetic field and a configuration with the symmetry broken. The thermal diffusivity is reduced in the QHS configuration, resulting in higher electron temperatures than in the nonsymmetric configuration for a fixed power input. The density profile in QHS plasmas is centrally peaked, and in the nonsymmetric configuration the core density profile is hollow. The hollow profile is due to neoclassical thermodiffusion, which is reduced in the QHS configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Canik
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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