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Lan X, Ao WL, Li J. Preimplantation genetic testing as a preventive strategy for the transmission of mitochondrial DNA disorders. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2024; 70:38-51. [PMID: 38323618 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2024.2306389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are distinct types of metabolic and/or neurologic abnormalities that occur as a consequence of dysfunction in oxidative phosphorylation, affecting several systems in the body. There is no effective treatment modality for mitochondrial disorders so far, emphasizing the clinical significance of preventing the inheritance of these disorders. Various reproductive options are available to reduce the probability of inheriting mitochondrial disorders, including in vitro fertilization (IVF) using donated oocytes, preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), and prenatal diagnosis (PND), among which PGT not only makes it possible for families to have genetically-owned children but also PGT has the advantage that couples do not have to decide to terminate the pregnancy if a mutation is detected in the fetus. PGT for mitochondrial diseases originating from nuclear DNA includes analyzing the nuclear genome for the presence or absence of corresponding mutations. However, PGT for mitochondrial disorders arising from mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more intricate, due to the specific characteristics of mtDNA such as multicopy nature, heteroplasmy phenomenon, and exclusive maternal inheritance. Therefore, the present review aims to discuss the utility and challenges of PGT as a preventive approach to inherited mitochondrial diseases caused by mtDNA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Lan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wu Liji Ao
- College of Mongolian Medicine and Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ji Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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2
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Li CY, Liu XC, Li YZ, Wang Y, Nie YH, Xu YT, Zhang XT, Lu Y, Sun Q. Generation of mitochondrial replacement monkeys by female pronucleus transfer. Zool Res 2024; 45:292-298. [PMID: 38485499 PMCID: PMC11017074 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are maternally inherited and have the potential to cause severe disorders. Mitochondrial replacement therapies, including spindle, polar body, and pronuclear transfers, are promising strategies for preventing the hereditary transmission of mtDNA diseases. While pronuclear transfer has been used to generate mitochondrial replacement mouse models and human embryos, its application in non-human primates has not been previously reported. In this study, we successfully generated four healthy cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis) via female pronuclear transfer. These individuals all survived for more than two years and exhibited minimal mtDNA carryover (3.8%-6.7%), as well as relatively stable mtDNA heteroplasmy dynamics during development. The successful establishment of this non-human primate model highlights the considerable potential of pronuclear transfer in reducing the risk of inherited mtDNA diseases and provides a valuable preclinical research model for advancing mitochondrial replacement therapies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xing-Chen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Zhuo Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yan-Hong Nie
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yu-Ting Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. E-mail:
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3
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Liao X, Li W, Lin K, Jin W, Zhang S, Wang Y, Ma M, Xie Y, Yu W, Yan Z, Gao H, Zhao L, Si J, Wang Y, Lin J, Chen C, Chen L, Kuang Y, Lyu Q. Significant decrease of maternal mitochondria carryover using optimized spindle-chromosomal complex transfer. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002313. [PMID: 37796762 PMCID: PMC10553349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contribute to a variety of serious multi-organ human diseases, which are strictly inherited from the maternal germline. However, there is currently no curative treatment. Attention has been focused on preventing the transmission of mitochondrial diseases through mitochondrial replacement (MR) therapy, but levels of mutant mtDNA can often unexpectedly undergo significant changes known as mitochondrial genetic drift. Here, we proposed a novel strategy to perform spindle-chromosomal complex transfer (SCCT) with maximal residue removal (MRR) in metaphase II (MII) oocytes, thus hopefully eliminated the transmission of mtDNA diseases. With the MRR procedure, we initially investigated the proportions of mtDNA copy numbers in isolated karyoplasts to those of individual oocytes. Spindle-chromosomal morphology and copy number variation (CNV) analysis also confirmed the safety of this method. Then, we reconstructed oocytes by MRR-SCCT, which well developed to blastocysts with minimal mtDNA residue and normal chromosomal copy numbers. Meanwhile, we optimized the manipulation order between intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and SCC transfer and concluded that ICSI-then-transfer was conducive to avoid premature activation of reconstructed oocytes in favor of normal fertilization. Offspring of mice generated by embryos transplantation in vivo and embryonic stem cells derivation further presented evidences for competitive development competence and stable mtDNA carryover without genetic drift. Importantly, we also successfully accomplished SCCT in human MII oocytes resulting in tiny mtDNA residue and excellent embryo development through MRR manipulation. Taken together, our preclinical mouse and human models of the MRR-SCCT strategy not only demonstrated efficient residue removal but also high compatibility with normal embryo development, thus could potentially be served as a feasible clinical treatment to prevent the transmission of inherited mtDNA diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liao
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaibo Lin
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaozhen Zhang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Ma
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yating Xie
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weina Yu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Yan
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Gao
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leiwen Zhao
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiqiang Si
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Lin
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Kuang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qifeng Lyu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Sun CC, Yang D, Chen ZL, Xiao JL, Xiao Q, Li CL, Zhou ZQ, Peng XY, Tang CF, Zheng L. Exercise intervention mitigates zebrafish age-related sarcopenia via alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction. FEBS J 2023; 290:1519-1530. [PMID: 36164851 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a common disorder that leads to a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle function in elderly people. Exercise effectively prevents or delays the onset and progression of sarcopenia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying how exercise intervention improves skeletal muscle atrophy remain unclear. In this study, we found that 21-month-old zebrafish had a decreased swimming ability, reduced muscle fibre cross-sectional area, unbalanced protein synthesis, and degradation, increased oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which suggests zebrafish are a valuable model for sarcopenia. Eight weeks of exercise intervention attenuated these pathological changes in sarcopenia zebrafish. Moreover, the effects of exercise on mitochondrial dysfunction were associated with the activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α axis and 15-PGDH downregulation. Our results reveal potential therapeutic targets and indicators to treat age-related sarcopenia using exercise intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhang-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang-Ling Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Physical Education, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuo-Qiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi-Yang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Fa Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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5
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Gordon-Lipkin E, Marcum CS, Kruk S, Thompson E, Yeske P, Martin L, McGuire PJ. Short report: Vaccine attitudes in the age of COVID-19 for a population of children with mitochondrial disease. Res Dev Disabil 2022; 131:104346. [PMID: 36201931 PMCID: PMC9510065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with developmental disabilities are vulnerable to morbidity associated with COVID-19. AIMS To understand attitudes toward routine childhood vaccinations versus the COVID-19 vaccine in a population of families affected by mitochondrial disease (MtD), a form of developmental disability. METHODS AND PROCEDURES An online survey was administered via several advocacy groups for children with MtD. OUTCOMES AND RESULT Eighty-six percent of families reported being up to date with the childhood vaccine schedule and seventy percent reported that their affected child receives the annual flu shot. However, only fifty percent reported that the benefits of the COVID-19 vaccine outweighed the risk for their affected child. One quarter of families expressed concern that their child may become sick or deteriorate after the COVID-19 vaccine. In comparison to other routine childhood vaccines, families expressed less confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Families affected by this population of developmental disabilities are more comfortable with the vaccines included in the routine childhood immunization schedule than with the newly introduced COVID-19 vaccine, even despite this group's vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Gordon-Lipkin
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Christopher Steven Marcum
- Office of Data Science and Emerging Technologies, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shannon Kruk
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Thompson
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip Yeske
- United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lori Martin
- People Against Leigh Syndrome, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter J McGuire
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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6
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Noohi F, Ravitsky V, Knoppers BM, Joly Y. Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy: In Whose Interests? J Law Med Ethics 2022; 50:597-602. [PMID: 36398634 PMCID: PMC9679582 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2022.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT), also called nuclear genome transfer and mitochondrial donation, is a new technique that can be used to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial DNA diseases. Apart from the United Kingdom, the first country to approve MRT in 2015, Australia became the second country with a clear regulatory path for the clinical applications of this technique in 2021. The rapidly evolving clinical landscape of MRT makes the elaboration and evaluation of the responsible use of this technology a pressing matter. As jurisdictions with less strict or non-existent reproductive laws are continuing to use MRT in the clinical context, the need to address the underlying ethical issues surrounding MRT's clinical translation is fundamental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Noohi
- CENTRE OF GENOMICS AND POLICY, DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN GENETICS, McGILL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA
- DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, CHICAGO, UNITED STATES (CURRENT AFFILIATION)
| | - Vardit Ravitsky
- SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, UNIVERSITY OF MONTREAL, MONTREAL, CANADA
| | - Bartha Maria Knoppers
- CENTRE OF GENOMICS AND POLICY, DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN GENETICS, McGILL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA
| | - Yann Joly
- CENTRE OF GENOMICS AND POLICY, DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN GENETICS, McGILL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA
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7
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Koklesova L, Liskova A, Samec M, Zhai K, AL-Ishaq RK, Bugos O, Šudomová M, Biringer K, Pec M, Adamkov M, Hassan STS, Saso L, Giordano FA, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Protective Effects of Flavonoids Against Mitochondriopathies and Associated Pathologies: Focus on the Predictive Approach and Personalized Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168649. [PMID: 34445360 PMCID: PMC8395457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-factorial mitochondrial damage exhibits a “vicious circle” that leads to a progression of mitochondrial dysfunction and multi-organ adverse effects. Mitochondrial impairments (mitochondriopathies) are associated with severe pathologies including but not restricted to cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. However, the type and level of cascading pathologies are highly individual. Consequently, patient stratification, risk assessment, and mitigating measures are instrumental for cost-effective individualized protection. Therefore, the paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) is unavoidable in advanced healthcare. Flavonoids demonstrate evident antioxidant and scavenging activity are of great therapeutic utility against mitochondrial damage and cascading pathologies. In the context of 3PM, this review focuses on preclinical and clinical research data evaluating the efficacy of flavonoids as a potent protector against mitochondriopathies and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (R.K.A.-I.)
| | - Raghad Khalid AL-Ishaq
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (R.K.A.-I.)
| | | | - Miroslava Šudomová
- Museum of Literature in Moravia, Klášter 1, 664 61 Rajhrad, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Marian Adamkov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Sherif T. S. Hassan
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (R.K.A.-I.)
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (P.K.); (O.G.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, EPMA, 1150 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (P.K.); (O.G.)
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, EPMA, 1150 Brussels, Belgium
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (P.K.); (O.G.)
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8
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Guha S, Mathew ND, Konkwo C, Ostrovsky J, Kwon YJ, Polyak E, Seiler C, Bennett M, Xiao R, Zhang Z, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Falk MJ. Combinatorial glucose, nicotinic acid and N-acetylcysteine therapy has synergistic effect in preclinical C. elegans and zebrafish models of mitochondrial complex I disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:536-551. [PMID: 33640978 PMCID: PMC8120136 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders are empirically managed with variable antioxidant, cofactor and vitamin 'cocktails'. However, clinical trial validated and approved compounds, or doses, do not exist for any single or combinatorial mitochondrial disease therapy. Here, we sought to pre-clinically evaluate whether rationally designed mitochondrial medicine combinatorial regimens might synergistically improve survival, health and physiology in translational animal models of respiratory chain complex I disease. Having previously demonstrated that gas-1(fc21) complex I subunit ndufs2-/-C. elegans have short lifespan that can be significantly rescued with 17 different metabolic modifiers, signaling modifiers or antioxidants, here we evaluated 11 random combinations of these three treatment classes on gas-1(fc21) lifespan. Synergistic rescue occurred only with glucose, nicotinic acid and N-acetylcysteine (Glu + NA + NAC), yielding improved mitochondrial membrane potential that reflects integrated respiratory chain function, without exacerbating oxidative stress, and while reducing mitochondrial stress (UPRmt) and improving intermediary metabolic disruptions at the levels of the transcriptome, steady-state metabolites and intermediary metabolic flux. Equimolar Glu + NA + NAC dosing in a zebrafish vertebrate model of rotenone-based complex I inhibition synergistically rescued larval activity, brain death, lactate, ATP and glutathione levels. Overall, these data provide objective preclinical evidence in two evolutionary-divergent animal models of mitochondrial complex I disease to demonstrate that combinatorial Glu + NA + NAC therapy significantly improved animal resiliency, even in the face of stressors that cause severe metabolic deficiency, thereby preventing acute neurologic and biochemical decompensation. Clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the efficacy of this lead combinatorial therapy regimen to improve resiliency and health outcomes in human subjects with mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Guha
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neal D Mathew
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chigoziri Konkwo
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julian Ostrovsky
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Young Joon Kwon
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erzsebet Polyak
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christoph Seiler
- Aquatics Core Facility, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Bennett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marni J Falk
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Sangineto M, Bukke VN, Bellanti F, Tamborra R, Moola A, Duda L, Villani R, Romano AD, Serviddio G. A Novel Nutraceuticals Mixture Improves Liver Steatosis by Preventing Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a NAFLD Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020652. [PMID: 33671262 PMCID: PMC7923152 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of liver disease globally, and represents a health care burden as treatment options are very scarce. The reason behind the NAFLD progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is not completely understood. Recently, the deficiency of micronutrients (e.g., vitamins, minerals, and other elements) has been suggested as crucial in NAFLD progression, such that recent studies reported the potential hepatic antioxidant properties of micronutrients supplementation. However, very little is known. Here we have explored the potential beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with FLINAX, a novel mixture of nutraceuticals (i.e., vitamin E, vitamin D3, olive dry-extract, cinnamon dry-extract and fish oil) in a NAFLD model characterized by oxidative stress and mitochondrial function impairment. Steatosis was firstly induced in Wistar rats by feeding with a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks, and following this the rats were divided into two groups. One group (n = 8) was treated for 2 weeks with a normal chow-diet, while a second group (n = 8) was fed with a chow-diet supplemented with 2% FLINAX. Along with the entire experiment (6 weeks), a third group of rats was fed with a chow-diet only as control. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's T test or one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Bonferroni test when appropriate. Steatosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) complexes activity were analyzed in liver tissues. The dietary supplementation with FLINAX significantly improved hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation compared to untreated rats. The mRNA and protein levels analysis showed that CPT1A and CPT2 were up-regulated by FLINAX, suggesting the enhancement of fatty acids oxidation (FAO). Important lipoperoxidation markers (i.e., HNE- and MDA-protein adducts) and the quantity of total mitochondrial oxidized proteins were significantly lower in FLINAX-treated rats. Intriguingly, FLINAX restored the mitochondrial function, stimulating the activity of mitochondrial RC complexes (i.e., I, II, III and ATP-synthase) and counteracting the peroxide production from pyruvate/malate (complex I) and succinate (complex II). Therefore, the supplementation with FLINAX reprogrammed the cellular energy homeostasis by restoring the efficiency of mitochondrial function, with a consequent improvement in steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moris Sangineto
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (V.N.B.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Vidyasagar Naik Bukke
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (V.N.B.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Francesco Bellanti
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Tamborra
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (V.N.B.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Archana Moola
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (V.N.B.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Loren Duda
- Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Villani
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (V.N.B.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Antonino Davide Romano
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (V.N.B.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- C.U.R.E. (University Center for Liver Disease Research and Treatment), Liver Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (V.N.B.); (R.T.); (A.M.); (R.V.); (A.D.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0881-736007
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Miller HC, Louw R, Mereis M, Venter G, Boshoff JD, Mienie L, van Reenen M, Venter M, Lindeque JZ, Domínguez-Martínez A, Quintana A, van der Westhuizen FH. Metallothionein 1 Overexpression Does Not Protect Against Mitochondrial Disease Pathology in Ndufs4 Knockout Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:243-262. [PMID: 32918239 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MD), such as Leigh syndrome (LS), present with severe neurological and muscular phenotypes in patients, but have no known cure and limited treatment options. Based on their neuroprotective effects against other neurodegenerative diseases in vivo and their positive impact as an antioxidant against complex I deficiency in vitro, we investigated the potential protective effect of metallothioneins (MTs) in an Ndufs4 knockout mouse model (with a very similar phenotype to LS) crossed with an Mt1 overexpressing mouse model (TgMt1). Despite subtle reductions in the expression of neuroinflammatory markers GFAP and IBA1 in the vestibular nucleus and hippocampus, we found no improvement in survival, growth, locomotor activity, balance, or motor coordination in the Mt1 overexpressing Ndufs4-/- mice. Furthermore, at a cellular level, no differences were detected in the metabolomics profile or gene expression of selected one-carbon metabolism and oxidative stress genes, performed in the brain and quadriceps, nor in the ROS levels of macrophages derived from these mice. Considering these outcomes, we conclude that MT1, in general, does not protect against the impaired motor activity or improve survival in these complex I-deficient mice. The unexpected absence of increased oxidative stress and metabolic redox imbalance in this MD model may explain these observations. However, tissue-specific observations such as the mildly reduced inflammation in the hippocampus and vestibular nucleus, as well as differential MT1 expression in these tissues, may yet reveal a tissue- or cell-specific role for MTs in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Christy Miller
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Roan Louw
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Michelle Mereis
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Gerda Venter
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - John-Drew Boshoff
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Liesel Mienie
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mari van Reenen
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marianne Venter
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jeremie Zander Lindeque
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Adán Domínguez-Martínez
- Institut de Neurociències i Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Quintana
- Institut de Neurociències i Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francois Hendrikus van der Westhuizen
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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11
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Schultz Moreira AR, Rüschenbaum S, Schefczyk S, Hendgen-Cotta U, Rassaf T, Broering R, Hardtke-Wolenski M, Buitrago-Molina LE. 9-PAHSA Prevents Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Increases the Viability of Steatotic Hepatocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218279. [PMID: 33167328 PMCID: PMC7663845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is quickly becoming the most common liver disease worldwide. Within the NAFLD spectrum, patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are at the highest risk of developing cirrhosis and disease progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. To date, therapeutic options for NASH patients have been ineffective, and therefore, new options are urgently needed. Hence, a model system to develop new therapeutic interventions is needed. Here, we introduce two new in vitro models of steatosis induction in HepG2 cells and primary murine hepatocytes. We used a recently discovered novel class of bioactive anti-inflammatory lipids called branched fatty acid esters of hydroxyl fatty acids. Among these bioactive lipids, palmitic-acid-9-hydroxy-stearic-acid (9-PAHSA) is the most promising as a representative nondrug therapy based on dietary supplements or nutritional modifications. In this study, we show a therapeutic effect of 9-PAHSA on lipotoxicity in steatotic primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. This could be shown be increased viability and decreased steatosis. Furthermore, we could demonstrate a preventive effect in HepG2 cells. The outcome of 9-PAHSA administration is both preventative and therapeutically effective for hepatocytes with limited damage. In conclusion, bioactive lipids like 9-PAHSA offer new hope for prevention or treatment in patients with fatty liver and steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana R. Schultz Moreira
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.R.S.M.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (R.B.); (M.H.-W.)
| | - Sabrina Rüschenbaum
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.R.S.M.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (R.B.); (M.H.-W.)
| | - Stefan Schefczyk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.R.S.M.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (R.B.); (M.H.-W.)
| | - Ulrike Hendgen-Cotta
- West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.H.-C.); (T.R.)
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (U.H.-C.); (T.R.)
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.R.S.M.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (R.B.); (M.H.-W.)
| | - Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.R.S.M.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (R.B.); (M.H.-W.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Elisa Buitrago-Molina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.R.S.M.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (R.B.); (M.H.-W.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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12
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Packer M. Molecular, Cellular, and Clinical Evidence That Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Act as Neurohormonal Antagonists When Used for the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016270. [PMID: 32791029 PMCID: PMC7660825 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in patients with chronic heart failure. Initially, these drugs were believed to have a profile similar to diuretics or hemodynamically active drugs, but they do not rapidly reduce natriuretic peptides or cardiac filling pressures, and they exert little early benefit on symptoms, exercise tolerance, quality of life, or signs of congestion. Clinically, the profile of SGLT2 inhibitors resembles that of neurohormonal antagonists, whose benefits emerge gradually during sustained therapy. In experimental models, SGLT2 inhibitors produce a characteristic pattern of cellular effects, which includes amelioration of oxidative stress, mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction, attenuation of proinflammatory pathways, and a reduction in myocardial fibrosis. These cellular effects are similar to those produced by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and neprilysin inhibitors. At a molecular level, SGLT2 inhibitors induce transcriptional reprogramming of cardiomyocytes that closely mimics that seen during nutrient deprivation. This shift in signaling activates the housekeeping pathway of autophagy, which clears the cytosol of dangerous cytosolic constituents that are responsible for cellular stress, thereby ameliorating the development of cardiomyopathy. Interestingly, similar changes in cellular signaling and autophagic flux have been seen with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and neprilysin inhibitors. The striking parallelism of these molecular, cellular, and clinical profiles supports the premise that SGLT2 inhibitors should be regarded as neurohormonal antagonists when prescribed for the treatment of heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular InstituteBaylor University Medical CenterDallasTX
- Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Chinnery
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, and the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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14
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Niu YJ, Zhou W, Nie ZW, Shin KT, Cui XS. Melatonin enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and protects against rotenone-induced mitochondrial deficiency in early porcine embryos. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12627. [PMID: 31773776 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a major hormone of the pineal gland, exerts many beneficial effects on mitochondria. Several studies have shown that melatonin can protect against toxin-induced oocyte quality impairment during maturation. However, there is little information regarding the beneficial effects of melatonin on toxin-exposed early embryos, and the mechanisms underlying such effects have not been determined. Rotenone, a chemical widely used in agriculture, induces mitochondrial toxicity, therefore, damaging the reproductive system, impairing oocyte maturation, ovulation, and fertilization. We investigated whether melatonin attenuated rotenone exposure-induced impairment of embryo development by its mitochondrial protection effect. Activated oocytes were randomly assigned to four groups: the control, melatonin treatment, rotenone-exposed, and "rotenone + melatonin" groups. Treatment with melatonin abrogated rotenone-induced impairment of embryo development, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ATP deficiency, and significantly decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis. Melatonin also increased SIRT1 and PGC-1α expression, which promoted mitochondrial biogenesis. SIRT1 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition abolished melatonin's ability to revert rotenone-induced impairment. Thus, melatonin rescued rotenone-induced impairment of embryo development by reducing ROS production and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. This study shows that melatonin rescues toxin-induced impairment of early porcine embryo development by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Niu
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Zheng-Wen Nie
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Shin
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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15
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Abstract
UK law permits parents to use mitochondrial replacement (MR) to have genetically-related children without serious mitochondrial disease. However, long-term follow-up is required for each case. Whether this follow-up should be left to physicians, parents, or offspring has not been established. Due to the experimental status of MR, physicians must inform parents of the risks and the importance of follow-up tailored to a specific mitochondrial disease. Given that the use of MR is a responsible exercise of reproductive freedom, parents should ensure that the follow-up is performed properly and in the best interests of their offspring. On becoming legally competent, the resulting children should be entitled to refuse follow-up provided that the prevention of mitochondrial disease with no adverse effects has been evident till then. This offspring-centred long-term follow-up approach might also be applied to the use of MR for infertility treatment, even though the primary endpoint is healthy live births.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ishii
- Office of Health and Safety, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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16
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alasdair Blain
- Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Shiau Ng
- Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J Wilson
- Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Filograna R, Koolmeister C, Upadhyay M, Pajak A, Clemente P, Wibom R, Simard ML, Wredenberg A, Freyer C, Stewart JB, Larsson NG. Modulation of mtDNA copy number ameliorates the pathological consequences of a heteroplasmic mtDNA mutation in the mouse. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav9824. [PMID: 30949583 PMCID: PMC6447380 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations typically act in a recessive way and cause mitochondrial disease only if present above a certain threshold level. We have experimentally investigated to what extent the absolute levels of wild-type (WT) mtDNA influence disease manifestations by manipulating TFAM levels in mice with a heteroplasmic mtDNA mutation in the tRNAAla gene. Increase of total mtDNA levels ameliorated pathology in multiple tissues, although the levels of heteroplasmy remained the same. A reduction in mtDNA levels worsened the phenotype in postmitotic tissues, such as heart, whereas there was an unexpected beneficial effect in rapidly proliferating tissues, such as colon, because of enhanced clonal expansion and selective elimination of mutated mtDNA. The absolute levels of WT mtDNA are thus an important determinant of the pathological manifestations, suggesting that pharmacological or gene therapy approaches to selectively increase mtDNA copy number provide a potential treatment strategy for human mtDNA mutation disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Filograna
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C. Koolmeister
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Upadhyay
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Pajak
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P. Clemente
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R. Wibom
- Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. L. Simard
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - A. Wredenberg
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C. Freyer
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. B. Stewart
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - N. G. Larsson
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Gráinne S Gorman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK.
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Jane Stewart
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK; Newcastle Fertility Centre, International Centre for Life, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Catherine Feeney
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
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19
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Parousis A, Carter HN, Tran C, Erlich AT, Mesbah Moosavi ZS, Pauly M, Hood DA. Contractile activity attenuates autophagy suppression and reverses mitochondrial defects in skeletal muscle cells. Autophagy 2018; 14:1886-1897. [PMID: 30078345 PMCID: PMC6152519 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1491488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a survival mechanism that facilitates protein turnover in post-mitotic cells in a lysosomal-dependent process. Mitophagy is a selective form of autophagy, which arbitrates the selective recognition and targeting of aberrant mitochondria for degradation. Mitochondrial content in cells is the net balance of mitochondrial catabolism via mitophagy, and organelle biogenesis. Although the latter process has been well described, mitophagy in skeletal muscle is less understood, and it is currently unknown how these two opposing mechanisms converge during contractile activity. Here we show that chronic contractile activity (CCA) in muscle cells induced mitochondrial biogenesis and coordinately enhanced the expression of TFEB (transcription factor EB) and PPARGC1A/PGC-1α, master regulators of lysosome and mitochondrial biogenesis, respectively. CCA also enhanced the expression of PINK1 and the lysosomal protease CTSD (cathepsin D). Autophagy blockade with bafilomycin A1 (BafA) reduced mitochondrial state 3 and 4 respiration, increased ROS production and enhanced the accumulation of MAP1LC3B-II/LC3-II and SQSTM1/p62. CCA ameliorated this mitochondrial dysfunction during defective autophagy, increased PPARGC1A, normalized LC3-II levels and reversed mitochondrially-localized SQSTM1 toward control levels. NAC emulated the LC3-II reductions induced by contractile activity, signifying that a decrease in oxidative stress could represent a mechanism of autophagy normalization brought about by CCA. CCA enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and lysosomal activity, and normalizes autophagy flux during autophagy suppression, partly via ROS-dependent mechanisms. Thus, contractile activity represents a potential therapeutic intervention for diseases in which autophagy is inhibited, such as vacuolar myopathies in skeletal muscle, by establishing a healthy equilibrium of anabolic and catabolic pathways. ABBREVIATIONS AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; BafA: bafilomycin A1; BNIP3L: BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3-like; CCA: chronic contractile activity; COX4I1: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; GFP: green fluorescent protein; LSD: lysosomal storage diseases; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; PPARGC1A: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha; PINK1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SOD2: superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Parousis
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heather N. Carter
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claudia Tran
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Avigail T. Erlich
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zahra S. Mesbah Moosavi
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marion Pauly
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A. Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
This article develops the sociology of hope and patient engagement by exploring how patients' perceptions and actions are shaped by narratives of hope surrounding the clinical introduction of novel reproductive techniques. In 2015, after extensive public debates, the UK became the first country to legalise a mitochondrial donation technique aimed at preventing the transmission of inherited disorders. The article draws on the accounts of twenty-two women of reproductive age who are at risk of having a child with mitochondrial disease and would be the potential target of the technique. We explore the extent to which our participants engaged with the public debates and how they accounted for their support of mitochondrial donation. We show that while the majority of our participants were in favour of legalisation, they did not necessarily wish to use the technique themselves. We found that hope was multi-faceted, involving hope for self, hope for family and hope for society. We conclude by considering the implications of hope narratives for patients and families and the important but potentially limited role that patients can play as advocates for technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Herbrand
- Centre for Reproduction Research, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Rebecca Dimond
- School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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21
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Abstract
Currently in the United Kingdom, anyone donating gametes has the status of an open-identity donor. This means that, at the age of 18, persons conceived with gametes donated since April 1, 2005 have a right to access certain pieces of identifying information about their donor. However, in early 2015, the UK Parliament approved new regulations that make mitochondrial donors anonymous. Both mitochondrial donation and gamete donation are similar in the basic sense that they involve the contribution of gamete materials to create future persons. Given this similarity, this paper presumes that both types of donor should be treated the same and made open-identity under the law, unless there is a convincing argument for treating them differently. I argue that none of the existing arguments that have been made so far in favor of mitochondrial donor anonymity are convincing and mitochondrial donors should therefore be treated as open-identity donors under UK law.
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Haimes E, Taylor K. Sharpening the cutting edge: additional considerations for the UK debates on embryonic interventions for mitochondrial diseases. Life Sci Soc Policy 2017; 13:1. [PMID: 28092013 PMCID: PMC5236032 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-016-0046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In October 2015 the UK enacted legislation to permit the clinical use of two cutting edge germline-altering, IVF-based embryonic techniques: pronuclear transfer and maternal spindle transfer (PNT and MST). The aim is to use these techniques to prevent the maternal transmission of serious mitochondrial diseases. Major claims have been made about the quality of the debates that preceded this legislation and the significance of those debates for UK decision-making on other biotechnologies, as well as for other countries considering similar legislation. In this article we conduct a systematic analysis of those UK debates and suggest that claims about their quality are over-stated. We identify, and analyse in detail, ten areas where greater clarity, depth and nuance would have produced sharper understandings of the contributions, limitations and wider social impacts of these mitochondrial interventions. We explore the implications of these additional considerations for (i) the protection of all parties involved, should the techniques transfer to clinical applications; (ii) the legitimacy of focussing on short-term gains for individuals over public health considerations, and (iii) the maintenance and improvement of public trust in medical biotechnologies. We conclude that a more measured evaluation of the content and quality of the UK debates is important and timely: such a critique provides a clearer understanding of the possible, but specific, contributions of these interventions, both in the UK and elsewhere; also, these additional insights can now inform the emerging processes of implementation, regulation and practice of mitochondrial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Haimes
- PEALS (Policy, Ethics and Life Sciences) Research Centre, Newcastle University, 4th Floor Claremont Bridge, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Ken Taylor
- PEALS (Policy, Ethics and Life Sciences) Research Centre, Newcastle University, 4th Floor Claremont Bridge, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
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23
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Abstract
This paper examines whether there are moral differences between the mitochondrial replacement techniques that have been recently developed in order to help women afflicted by mitochondrial DNA diseases to have genetically related children absent such conditions: maternal spindle transfer (MST) and pronuclear transfer (PNT). Firstly, it examines whether there is a moral difference between MST and PNT in terms of the divide between somatic interventions and germline interventions. Secondly, it considers whether PNT and MST are morally distinct under a therapy/creation optic. Finally, it investigates whether there is a moral difference between MST and PNT from a human embryo destruction point of view. I conclude, contra recent arguments, that regarding the first two points there is no moral differences between PNT and MST; and that regarding the third one MST is morally preferable to PNT, but only if we hold a gradualist account of the moral value of human embryos where zygotes have slight moral value.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Palacios-González
- Centre of Medical Law and Ethics, The Dickson Poon School of Law, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
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24
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Baylis F. Human Nuclear Genome Transfer (So-Called Mitochondrial Replacement): Clearing the Underbrush. Bioethics 2017; 31:7-19. [PMID: 27973718 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this article, I argue that there is no compelling therapeutic 'need' for human nuclear genome transfer (so-called mitochondrial replacement) to prevent mitochondrial diseases caused by mtDNA mutations. At most there is a strong interest in (i.e. 'want' for) this technology on the part of some women and couples at risk of having children with mitochondrial disease, and perhaps also a 'want' on the part of some researchers who see the technology as a useful precedent - one that provides them with 'a quiet way station' in which to refine the micromanipulations techniques essential for other human germline interventions and human cloning. In advance of this argument, I review basic information about mitochondrial disease and novel genetic strategies to prevent the transmission of mutated mitochondria. Next, I address common features of contemporary debates and discussions about so-called mitochondrial replacement. First, I contest the cliché that science-and-(bio)technology is fast outpacing ethics. Second, I dispute the accuracy of the term 'mitochondrial replacement'. Third, I provide a sustained critique of the purported 'need' for genetically-related children. In closing, I call into question the mainly liberal defense of human nuclear genome transfer. I suggest an alternative frame of reference that pays particular attention to issues of social justice. I conclude that our limited resources (time, talent, human eggs, and money) should be carefully expended in pursuit of the common good, which does not include pandering to acquired desires (i.e., wants).
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Scully JL. A Mitochondrial Story: Mitochondrial Replacement, Identity and Narrative. Bioethics 2017; 31:37-45. [PMID: 27973722 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRT) are intended to avoid the transmission of mitochondrial diseases from mother to child. MRT represent a potentially powerful new biomedical technology with ethical, policy, economic and social implications. Among other ethical questions raised are concerns about the possible effects on the identity of children born from MRT, their families, and the providers or donors of mitochondria. It has been suggested that MRT can influence identity (i) directly, through altering the genetic makeup and physical characteristics of the child, or (ii) indirectly through changing the child's experience of disease, and by generating novel intrafamilial relationships that shape the sense of self. In this article I consider the plausibility and ethical implications of these proposed identity effects, but I focus instead on a third way in which identity may be affected, through the mediating influence of the wider social world on MRT effects on identity. By taking a narrative approach, and examining the nature and availability of identity narratives, I conclude that while neither direct genetic nor indirect experiential effects can be excluded, social responses to MRT are more likely to have a significant and potentially damaging influence on the generation of MRT children's narratives of identity. This conclusion carries some implications for the collective moral responsibility we hold to ensure that MRT, if implemented, are practised in ethically justifiable ways.
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Hawkes N. UK clinics may be able to offer mitochrondrial donation next spring. BMJ 2016; 355:i6492. [PMID: 27908886 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i6492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- I Glenn Cohen
- Harvard Law School, Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Eli Y Adashi
- The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Shukla J. Technique to eliminate mitochondrial disease carries very small risk of failure, researchers find. BMJ 2016; 353:i3288. [PMID: 27287875 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni J Falk
- From the Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (M.J.F.); the National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.D.); and the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.P.K.)
| | - Alan Decherney
- From the Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (M.J.F.); the National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.D.); and the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.P.K.)
| | - Jeffrey P Kahn
- From the Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (M.J.F.); the National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (A.D.); and the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (J.P.K.)
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31
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Piotrowska A, Jankauskaitė E, Bartnik E. [Mitochondrial diseases]. Postepy Biochem 2016; 62:111-115. [PMID: 28132462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations of mitochondrial function, which may be caused by mutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, cause many human diseases. We describe the most frequent mitochondrial diseases, especially those caused by mutations in the nuclear genome, attempts to treat these diseases and possible ways of preventing the transmission of diseases caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA to successive generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Piotrowska
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 5a Pawińskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elona Jankauskaitė
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 5a Pawińskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 5a Pawińskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- 2Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 5a Pawińskiego St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Varvaštian S. UK's Legalisation of Mitochondrial Donation in IVF Treatment: A Challenge to the International Community or a Promotion of Life-saving Medical Innovation to Be Followed by Others? Eur J Health Law 2015; 22:405-425. [PMID: 26665689 DOI: 10.1163/15718093-12341366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA diseases are rare genetic disorders, which can have a devastating effect on the patients' health and well-being. There is no cure for such diseases, although recent experiments suggest that there may be a way to prevent them by genetically altering the eggs or embryos through a procedure known as mitochondrial donation. However, such a procedure not only raises serious safety and ethical concerns, but legal challenges as well, since it involves germline gene modification, which until recently was not legal in the UK or elsewhere. In February 2015, the British Parliament amended the relevant legislation to allow such. a procedure, making the UK the first state to openly challenge the global policy on germline gene modification. The article presents the scientific background to the procedure and discusses the regulatory challenges brought by the first case of its legalisation.
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Ludlow K. Genes and gestation in Australian regulation of egg donation, surrogacy and mitochondrial donation. J Law Med 2015; 23:378-395. [PMID: 26939505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This article considers genetic and legal relatedness for the purposes of Australian regulation of egg donation, surrogacy and parentage by examination of that regulation through the lens of mitochondrial (mt) donation. The article addresses whether mt donors would be a child's genetic parents following clinical use in that child's conception should mt donation be legalised for such use in Australia. It then considers how genetic and gestational relatedness are relevant in the discourse around legal parentage following egg donation and surrogacy and argues that the current approach is in need of reform so that intending parents of all children are deemed to be the resulting child's legal parents at birth.
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34
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Bankowski BJ. Germ-line gene therapy: making the case for embryonic mitochondrial modification. MLO Med Lab Obs 2015; 47:30. [PMID: 26302544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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35
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Schulte-Wissermann H. [About curse and blessing, having more than 2 parents]. Kinderkrankenschwester 2015; 34:132. [PMID: 26309972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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36
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Nau JY. [Mitochondrial transfer: British genetic high risk bet]. Rev Med Suisse 2015; 11:426-427. [PMID: 25895227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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37
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Alehagen U, Aaseth J. Selenium and coenzyme Q10 interrelationship in cardiovascular diseases--A clinician's point of view. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 31:157-62. [PMID: 25511910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A short review is given of the potential role of selenium deficiency and selenium intervention trials in atherosclerotic heart disease. Selenium is an essential constituent of several proteins, including the glutathione peroxidases and selenoprotein P. The selenium intake in Europe is generally in the lower margin of recommendations from authorities. Segments of populations in Europe may thus have a deficient intake that may be presented by a deficient anti-oxidative capacity in various illnesses, in particular atherosclerotic disease, and this may influence the prognosis of the disease. Ischemic heart disease and heart failure are two conditions where increased oxidative stress has been convincingly demonstrated. Some of the intervention studies of anti-oxidative substances that have focused on selenium are discussed in this review. The interrelationship between selenium and coenzyme Q10, another anti-oxidant, is presented, pointing to a theoretical advantage in using both substances in an intervention if there are deficiencies within the population. Clinical results from an intervention study using both selenium and coenzyme Q10 in an elderly population are discussed, where reduction in cardiovascular mortality, a better cardiac function according to echocardiography, and finally a lower concentration of the biomarker NT-proBNP as a sign of lower myocardial wall tension could be seen in those on active treatment, compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Department of Cardiology, County Council of Östergötland, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Deptartment of Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2226 Kongsvinger, Norway
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39
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Wessels B, Ciapaite J, van den Broek NMA, Houten SM, Nicolay K, Prompers JJ. Pioglitazone treatment restores in vivo muscle oxidative capacity in a rat model of diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:52-60. [PMID: 25200673 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the effect of pioglitazone treatment on in vivo and ex vivo muscle mitochondrial function in a rat model of diabetes. METHODS Both the lean, healthy rats and the obese, diabetic rats are Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats. The homozygous fa/fa ZDF rats are obese and diabetic. The heterozygous fa/+ ZDF rats are lean and healthy. Diabetic Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats were treated with either pioglitazone (30 mg/kg/day) or water as a control (n = 6 per group), for 2 weeks. In vivo ¹H and ³¹P magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on skeletal muscle to assess intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content and muscle oxidative capacity, respectively. Ex vivo muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity was evaluated using high-resolution respirometry. In addition, several markers of mitochondrial content were determined. RESULTS IMCL content was 14-fold higher and in vivo muscle oxidative capacity was 26% lower in diabetic rats compared with lean rats, which was, however, not caused by impairments of ex vivo mitochondrial respiratory capacity or a lower mitochondrial content. Pioglitazone treatment restored in vivo muscle oxidative capacity in diabetic rats to the level of lean controls. This amelioration was not accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial content or ex vivo mitochondrial respiratory capacity, but rather was paralleled by an improvement in lipid homeostasis, that is lowering of plasma triglycerides and muscle lipid and long-chain acylcarnitine content. CONCLUSION Diminished in vivo muscle oxidative capacity in diabetic rats results from mitochondrial lipid overload and can be alleviated by redirecting the lipids from the muscle into adipose tissue using pioglitazone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wessels
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical NMR, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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40
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Legge M, Fitzgerald RP. Ethics of mitochondrial therapy for deafness. N Z Med J 2014; 127:78-81. [PMID: 25399045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial therapy may provide the relief to many families with inherited mitochondrial diseases. However, it also has the potential for use in non-fatal disorders such as inherited mitochondrial deafness, providing an option for correction of the deafness using assisted reproductive technology. In this paper we discuss the potential for use in correcting mitochondrial deafness and consider some of the issues for the deaf community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Legge
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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41
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O'Dowd A. UK will be groundbreaker if proposed regulations for mitochondrial donation are adopted, MPs hear. BMJ 2014; 349:g6431. [PMID: 25341875 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g6431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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42
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43
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Abstract
Inherited diseases caused by mitochondrial gene (mtDNA) mutations affect at least 1 in 5000-10,000 children and are associated with severe clinical symptoms. Novel reproductive techniques designed to replace mutated mtDNA in oocytes or early embryos have been proposed to prevent transmission of disease from parents to their children. Here we review the efficacy and safety of these approaches and their associated ethical and regulatory issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoukhrat Mitalipov
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 North West 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
| | - Don P Wolf
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 North West 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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44
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Legge M, Fitzgerald R. Numerical identity: the creation of tri-parental embryos to correct inherited mitochondrial disease. N Z Med J 2013; 126:71-75. [PMID: 24217593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Inherited mitochondrial disorders affect between 1 in 5000 to 1 in 8000 people. These are a heterogeneous group of maternally-inherited disorders, with an array of outcomes such as heart and liver failure, defects in energy metabolism, blindness, deafness, loss of motor skills and premature death. Recently the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority provided advice to the UK Government to permit the use of enucleated donated oocytes with normal (wild-type) mitochondria (a currently prohibited IVF technique) to be used as recipients of nuclear DNA from intending mothers to overcome transmission of mitochondrial disorders. In this short communication we present the basis for this radical new IVF technology, and discuss the implications for its use both in the context of treating a group of inherited disorders and the current New Zealand IVF legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Legge
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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45
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Kouros N. Britain set to be first to allow three-parent IVF. Monash Bioeth Rev 2013; 31:24. [PMID: 24844073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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46
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Kouros N. Eugenics concerns over mitochondrial replacement. Monash Bioeth Rev 2013; 31:5-6. [PMID: 24844054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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47
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Wu DM, Lu J, Zhang YQ, Zheng YL, Hu B, Cheng W, Zhang ZF, Li MQ. Ursolic acid improves domoic acid-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:127-36. [PMID: 23707761 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our previous findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is the mechanism underlying cognitive deficits induced by domoic acid (DA). Ursolic acid (UA), a natural triterpenoid compound, possesses many important biological functions. Evidence shows that UA can activate PI3K/Akt signaling and suppress Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) activity. FoxO1 is an important regulator of mitochondrial function. Here we investigate whether FoxO1 is involved in the oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in DA-treated mice and whether UA inhibits DA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive deficits through regulating the PI3K/Akt and FoxO1 signaling pathways. Our results showed that FoxO1 knockdown reversed the mitochondrial abnormalities and cognitive deficits induced by DA in mice through decreasing HO-1 expression. Mechanistically, FoxO1 activation was associated with oxidative stress-induced JNK activation and decrease of Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, UA attenuated the mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive deficits through promoting Akt phosphorylation and FoxO1 nuclear exclusion in the hippocampus of DA-treated mice. LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt signaling, significantly decreased Akt phosphorylation in the hippocampus of DA/UA mice, which weakened UA actions. These results suggest that UA could be recommended as a possible candidate for the prevention and therapy of cognitive deficits in excitotoxic brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-mei Wu
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Mayor S. Chief medical officer advises government to allow mitochondrial replacement to prevent disease. BMJ 2013; 346:f4211. [PMID: 23814146 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a genetically and clinically diverse group of disorders that arise as a result of dysfunction of the mitochondria. Mitochondrial disorders can be caused by alterations in nuclear DNA and/or mitochondrial DNA. Although some mitochondrial syndromes have been described clearly in the literature many others present as challenging clinical cases with multisystemic involvement at variable ages of onset. Given the clinical variability and genetic heterogeneity of these conditions, patients and their families often experience a lengthy and complicated diagnostic process. The diagnostic journey may be characterized by heightened levels of uncertainty due to the delayed diagnosis and the absence of a clear prognosis, among other factors. Uncertainty surrounding issues of family planning and genetic testing may also affect the patient. The role of the genetic counselor is particularly important to help explain these complexities and support the patient and family's ability to achieve effective coping strategies in dealing with increased levels of uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie M. Vento
- />Division of Child Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - Belen Pappa
- />Department of Neurology, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
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