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Ordonez A, Riede F, Normand S, Svenning JC. Towards a novel biosphere in 2300: rapid and extensive global and biome-wide climatic novelty in the Anthropocene. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230022. [PMID: 38583475 PMCID: PMC10999272 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent climate change has effectively rewound the climate clock by approximately 120 000 years and is expected to reverse this clock a further 50 Myr by 2100. We aimed to answer two essential questions to better understand the changes in ecosystems worldwide owing to predicted climate change. Firstly, we identify the locations and time frames where novel ecosystems could emerge owing to climate change. Secondly, we aim to determine the extent to which biomes, in their current distribution, will experience an increase in climate-driven ecological novelty. To answer these questions, we analysed three perspectives on how climate changes could result in novel ecosystems in the near term (2100), medium (2200) and long term (2300). These perspectives included identifying areas where climate change could result in new climatic combinations, climate isoclines moving faster than species migration capacity and current environmental patterns being disaggregated. Using these metrics, we determined when and where novel ecosystems could emerge. Our analysis shows that unless rapid mitigation measures are taken, the coverage of novel ecosystems could be over 50% of the land surface by 2100 under all change scenarios. By 2300, the coverage of novel ecosystems could be above 80% of the land surface. At the biome scale, these changes could mean that over 50% of locations could shift towards novel ecosystems, with the majority seeing these changes in the next few decades. Our research shows that the impact of climate change on ecosystems is complex and varied, requiring global action to mitigate and adapt to these changes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Biodiversity dynamics and stewardship in a transforming biosphere'. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ecological novelty and planetary stewardship: biodiversity dynamics in a transforming biosphere'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ordonez
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World, Section of Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, and Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Felix Riede
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World, School of Culture and Society, and Department of Archeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University, Moesgård Allé, 208270 Højbjerg, Denmark
| | - Signe Normand
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World, Section of Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, and Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World, Section of Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, and Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Pyykkö JE, Zwartjes M, Nieuwdorp M, van Olst N, Bruin SC, van de Laar AW, Sanderman R, Hagedoorn M, Gerdes VEA. Differences in Psychological Health and Weight Loss after Bariatric Metabolic Surgery between Patients with and without Pain Syndromes. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1693-1703. [PMID: 38499942 PMCID: PMC11031447 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic pain and obesity often co-occur, negatively affecting one another and psychological wellbeing. Pain and psychological wellbeing improve after bariatric metabolic surgery (BMS), however, it is unknown whether psychological wellbeing improves differently after weight loss between patients with and without chronic pain. We investigated whether weight loss is associated with greater psychological wellbeing and functioning change after BMS, comparing patients with and without preoperative pain syndromes. METHODS Depression, health-related quality of life, self-esteem, self-efficacy to exercise and controlling eating behaviours, physical activity, and food cravings were measured before and 24 months after BMS among 276 patients with obesity. The presence of preoperative chronic pain syndromes was examined as a moderator for the relationship between 24-month weight loss and changes in psychological outcomes. RESULTS Chronic pain syndromes were present among 46% of patients. Weight loss was associated with greater improvement in health-related quality of life, self-efficacy to exercise and controlling eating behaviours, self-esteem and greater amelioration in food cravings. Pain syndromes only moderated negatively the relationship between the postoperative weight loss and change in self-efficacy to control eating behaviours (b = -0.49, CI [-0.88,-0.12]). CONCLUSION Patients with and without chronic pain showed similar improvements in weight and psychological wellbeing and behaviours after BMS. The relationship between weight loss and the improvement of self-efficacy to control eating behaviours was weaker among patients with chronic pain syndrome. Further work, measuring pain severity over time, is needed to shed light on the mechanism underlying pain and postoperative change in psychological wellbeing and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E Pyykkö
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Max Zwartjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM, Hoofddorp, Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM, Hoofddorp, Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM, Hoofddorp, Netherlands
| | - Nienke van Olst
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM, Hoofddorp, Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd C Bruin
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM, Hoofddorp, Netherlands
| | - Arnold W van de Laar
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM, Hoofddorp, Netherlands
| | - Robbert Sanderman
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mariët Hagedoorn
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Victor E A Gerdes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM, Hoofddorp, Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Bratke H, Biringer E, Ushakova A, Margeirsdottir HD, Kummernes SJ, Njølstad PR, Skrivarhaug T. Ten Years of Improving Glycemic Control in Pediatric Diabetes Care: Data From the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry. Diabetes Care 2024:dc240086. [PMID: 38648259 DOI: 10.2337/dc24-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate, from 2013 to 2022, how HbA1c, the incidence of acute complications, and use of diabetes technology changed at the national level in Norway and how glycemic control was associated with use of diabetes technology, carbohydrate counting, or participation in a quality improvement project. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This longitudinal observational study was based on 27,214 annual registrations of 6,775 children from the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry from 2013 to 2022. Individuals aged >18 years, those with diabetes other than type 1, and those without HbA1c measurements were excluded. The outcome measure was HbA1c. The predictor variables in the adjusted linear mixed-effects model were 1) the use of diabetes technology, 2) the use of carbohydrate counting for meal bolusing, and 3) whether the patient's diabetes team participated in a quality improvement project. RESULTS Mean HbA1c decreased from 8.2% (2013) to 7.2% (2021), and the proportion of youth reaching an HbA1c <7.0% increased from 13% (2013) to 43% (2022). Insulin pump use increased from 65% (2013) to 91% (2022). Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use increased from 34% (first recorded in 2016) to 97% (2022). Insulin pump, CGM, and carbohydrate counting were associated with lower HbA1c and higher achievement of glycemic targets. Girls had a higher mean HbA1c than boys. Mean HbA1c levels were lower in clinics that participated in a quality improvement project for the following 4 years after the project. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes technology, carbohydrate counting, and systematic quality improvement in pediatric departments led to improved glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Bratke
- Department of Pediatrics, Haugesund Hospital, Fonna Health Trust, Haugesund, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Oslo Diabetes Research Center, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Fonna Health Trust, Haugesund, Norway
- The Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry, Division of Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Biringer
- Department of Research and Innovation, Fonna Health Trust, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Anastasia Ushakova
- Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Hanna D Margeirsdottir
- Oslo Diabetes Research Center, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv Janne Kummernes
- The Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry, Division of Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Child and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torild Skrivarhaug
- Oslo Diabetes Research Center, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry, Division of Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Toftdal MS, Grunnet LG, Chen M. Emerging Strategies for Beta Cell Encapsulation for Type 1 Diabetes Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400185. [PMID: 38452393 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a prevalent chronic disease affecting millions of people globally. To address this health challenge, advanced beta cell therapy using biomaterials-based macroscale, microscale, and nanoscale encapsulation devices must tackle various obstacles. First, overcoming foreign body responses is a major focus of research. Strategies such as immunomodulatory materials and physical immunoshielding are investigated to reduce the immune response and improve the longevity of the encapsulated cells. Furthermore, oxygenating strategies, such as the use of oxygen-releasing biomaterials, are developed to improve oxygen diffusion and promote cell survival. Finally, yet importantly, promoting vascularization through the use of angiogenic growth factors and the incorporation of pre-vascularized materials are also explored to enhance nutrient and oxygen supply to the encapsulated cells. This review seeks to specifically highlight the emerging research strategies developed to overcome these challenges using micro and nanoscale biomaterial encapsulation devices. Continuously improving and refining these strategies make an advance toward realizing the improved therapeutic potential of the encapsulated beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Steen Toftdal
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
- Department of Cell Formulation and Delivery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, 2760, Denmark
| | - Lars Groth Grunnet
- Department of Cell Formulation and Delivery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, 2760, Denmark
| | - Menglin Chen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
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Kordesedehi R, Shahpiri A, Asadollahi MA, Biria D, Nikel PI. Enhanced chaotrope tolerance and (S)-2-hydroxypropiophenone production by recombinant Pseudomonas putida engineered with Pprl from Deinococcus radiodurans. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14448. [PMID: 38498302 PMCID: PMC10946676 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida is a soil bacterium with multiple uses in fermentation and biotransformation processes. P. putida ATCC 12633 can biotransform benzaldehyde and other aldehydes into valuable α-hydroxyketones, such as (S)-2-hydroxypropiophenone. However, poor tolerance of this strain toward chaotropic aldehydes hampers efficient biotransformation processes. To circumvent this problem, we expressed the gene encoding the global regulator PprI from Deinococcus radiodurans, an inducer of pleiotropic proteins promoting DNA repair, in P. putida. Fine-tuned gene expression was achieved using an expression plasmid under the control of the LacIQ /Ptrc system, and the cross-protective role of PprI was assessed against multiple stress treatments. Moreover, the stress-tolerant P. putida strain was tested for 2-hydroxypropiophenone production using whole resting cells in the presence of relevant aldehyde substrates. P. putida cells harbouring the global transcriptional regulator exhibited high tolerance toward benzaldehyde, acetaldehyde, ethanol, butanol, NaCl, H2 O2 and thermal stress, thereby reflecting the multistress protection profile conferred by PprI. Additionally, the engineered cells converted aldehydes to 2-hydroxypropiophenone more efficiently than the parental P. putida strain. 2-Hydroxypropiophenone concentration reached 1.6 g L-1 upon a 3-h incubation under optimized conditions, at a cell concentration of 0.033 g wet cell weight mL-1 in the presence of 20 mM benzaldehyde and 600 mM acetaldehyde. Product yield and productivity were 0.74 g 2-HPP g-1 benzaldehyde and 0.089 g 2-HPP g cell dry weight-1 h-1 , respectively, 35% higher than the control experiments. Taken together, these results demonstrate that introducing PprI from D. radiodurans enhances chaotrope tolerance and 2-HPP production in P. putida ATCC 12633.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Kordesedehi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azar Shahpiri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Asadollahi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Davoud Biria
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pablo Iván Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Richter MM, Thomsen MN, Skytte MJ, Kjeldsen SAS, Samkani A, Frystyk J, Magkos F, Holst JJ, Madsbad S, Krarup T, Haugaard SB, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ. Effect of a 6-Week Carbohydrate-Reduced High-Protein Diet on Levels of FGF21 and GDF15 in People With Type 2 Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae008. [PMID: 38379856 PMCID: PMC10875725 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) are increased in type 2 diabetes and are potential regulators of metabolism. The effect of changes in caloric intake and macronutrient composition on their circulating levels in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown. Objective To explore the effects of a carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet with and without a clinically significant weight loss on circulating levels of FGF21 and GDF15 in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods We measured circulating FGF21 and GDF15 in patients with type 2 diabetes who completed 2 previously published diet interventions. Study 1 randomized 28 subjects to an isocaloric diet in a 6 + 6-week crossover trial consisting of, in random order, a carbohydrate-reduced high-protein (CRHP) or a conventional diabetes (CD) diet. Study 2 randomized 72 subjects to a 6-week hypocaloric diet aiming at a ∼6% weight loss induced by either a CRHP or a CD diet. Fasting plasma FGF21 and GDF15 were measured before and after the interventions in a subset of samples (n = 24 in study 1, n = 66 in study 2). Results Plasma levels of FGF21 were reduced by 54% in the isocaloric study (P < .05) and 18% in the hypocaloric study (P < .05) in CRHP-treated individuals only. Circulating GDF15 levels increased by 18% (P < .05) following weight loss in combination with a CRHP diet but only in those treated with metformin. Conclusion The CRHP diet significantly reduced FGF21 in people with type 2 diabetes independent of weight loss, supporting the role of FGF21 as a "nutrient sensor." Combining metformin treatment with carbohydrate restriction and weight loss may provide additional metabolic improvements due to the rise in circulating GDF15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Richter
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Mads N Thomsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
| | - Mads J Skytte
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Sasha A S Kjeldsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Amirsalar Samkani
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Hvidovre, Hvidovre, 2650, Denmark
| | - Thure Krarup
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Steen B Haugaard
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, 2400, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
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Kulmala M, Jørgensen APM, Aakvik KAD, Jussinniemi L, Benum SD, Ingvaldsen SH, Austeng D, Kajantie E, Evensen KAI, Majander A, Morken TS. Visual function in adults born preterm with very low birth weight-A two-country birth cohort study. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:49-57. [PMID: 37172142 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to investigate visual function and vision-related general health in adults that were born preterm with very low birth weight (VLBW: birth weight < 1500 g) in their 30s-40s. METHODS We recruited 137 adults born preterm with VLBW and 158 term-born controls aged 31-43 years from two birth cohorts: the Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults (Finland) and the NTNU Low Birth Weight in a Lifetime Perspective study (Norway). We used neonatal data and measured refraction, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart, contrast sensitivity, visual fields, intraocular pressure (IOP), self-reported vision-targeted health status with the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25. RESULTS VLBW adults had a lower BCVA ETDRS score than controls: mean (SD) better eye 86.7 (13.4) versus 90.2 (4.4), p = 0.02; mean (SD) worse eye 82.3 (14.9) versus 87.6 (4.6), p = 0.003. VLBW adults also had lower contrast sensitivity thresholds in several spatial frequencies and scored lower than controls in eight out of the 12 subscales of self-reported vision-targeted health status. Refraction, visual fields and IOP were similar between groups. Two VLBW participants were blind. None had been treated for retinopathy of prematurity. CONCLUSION We suggest that lower visual function and vision-related health represent life-long consequences of prematurity and VLBW in the studied 31- to 43-year-old cohort. The underlying mechanisms remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Kulmala
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Laura Jussinniemi
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Silje Dahl Benum
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigrid Hegna Ingvaldsen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dordi Austeng
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Anne I Evensen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Children's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna Majander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tora Sund Morken
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Møller FT, Junker TG, Kold Sørensen K, Eves C, Wohlfahrt J, Dillner J, Torp-Pedersen C, Wilkowski B, Chong S, Pers TH, Yakimov V, Müller H, Ethelberg S, Melbye M. Assessing household lifestyle exposures from consumer purchases, the My Purchases cohort. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21601. [PMID: 38062070 PMCID: PMC10703931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumer purchase data (CPD) is a promising instrument to assess the impact of purchases on health, but is limited by the need for manual scanning, a lack of access to data from multiple retailers, and limited information on product data and health outcomes. Here we describe the My Purchases cohort, a web-app enabled, prospective collection of CPD, covering several large retail chains in Denmark, that enables linkage to health outcomes. The cohort included 459 participants as of July 03, 2023. Up to eight years of CPD have been collected, with 2,225,010 products purchased, comprising 223,440 unique products. We matched 88.5% of all products by product name or item number to one generic food database and three product databases. Combined, the databases enable analysis of key exposures such as nutrients, ingredients, or additives. We found that increasing the number of retailers that provide CPD for each consumer improved the stability of individual CPD profiles and when we compared kilojoule information from generic and specific product matches, we found a median modified relative difference of 0.23. Combined with extensive product databases and health outcomes, CPD could provide the basis for extensive investigations of how what we buy affects our health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik T Møller
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thor Grønborg Junker
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Kold Sørensen
- Department of Cardiology, North Zealand Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Eves
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Wohlfahrt
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology, North Zealand Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bartlomiej Wilkowski
- Department for Digital Infrastructure, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven Chong
- Department for Digital Infrastructure, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tune H Pers
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation, Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Victor Yakimov
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heimo Müller
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Steen Ethelberg
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Global Health Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Melbye
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wang Z, Luo S, Zhang Z, Zhou T, Zhang J. 4D nucleome equation predicts gene expression controlled by long-range enhancer-promoter interaction. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011722. [PMID: 38109463 PMCID: PMC10760824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental evidence strongly supports that three-dimensional (3D) long-range enhancer-promoter (E-P) interactions have important influences on gene-expression dynamics, but it is unclear how the interaction information is translated into gene expression over time (4D). To address this question, we developed a general theoretical framework (named as a 4D nucleome equation), which integrates E-P interactions on chromatin and biochemical reactions of gene transcription. With this equation, we first present the distribution of mRNA counts as a function of the E-P genomic distance and then reveal a power-law scaling of the expression level in this distance. Interestingly, we find that long-range E-P interactions can induce bimodal and trimodal mRNA distributions. The 4D nucleome equation also allows for model selection and parameter inference. When this equation is applied to the mouse embryonic stem cell smRNA-FISH data and the E-P genomic-distance data, the predicted E-P contact probability and mRNA distribution are in good agreement with experimental results. Further statistical inference indicates that the E-P interactions prefer to modulate the mRNA level by controlling promoter activation and transcription initiation rates. Our model and results provide quantitative insights into both spatiotemporal gene-expression determinants (i.e., long-range E-P interactions) and cellular fates during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Computational, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songhao Luo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Computational, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenquan Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Computational, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianshou Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Computational, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Computational, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Drillaud N, Cussac V, Bertho PO, Horvais V, Beurrier P, Ternisien C, Rose J, Fouassier M, Babuty A, Trossaërt M. Efficacy and safety of turoctocog alfa in patients with hemophilia A requiring surgical procedures: A multicentre retrospective study. Transfusion 2023; 63:2321-2327. [PMID: 37850587 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Turoctocog alfa is a recombinant Factor VIII used in patients with hemophilia A. The aim is to assess the real-life evidence of turoctocog alfa in surgery. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Data were extracted from a national database. RESULTS Turoctocog alfa was used for 86 surgeries (49 major and 37 minor) in 56 patients. The results are expressed as medians (interquartile range). Six (10.7%) patients had severe hemophilia A, four (7.1%) moderate, and 46 (82.2%) mild. For patients who underwent major surgeries, basal plasma FVIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C) levels were 15 IU.dL-1 (8-22). Eight (5-14) infusions were given, at a preoperative loading dose of 40.0 (35.0-45.5) IU.kg-1 and a total dose of 253.3 (125.0-507.0) IU.kg-1 . In patients who underwent minor surgeries, basal FVIII:C levels were 18 IU.dL-1 (9-31). Two (1-3) infusions were required, at a preoperative loading dose of 34.0 (28.8-38.5) IU.kg-1 and a total dose of 73.7 (37.6-122.1) IU.kg-1 . The overall clinical efficacy was judged excellent/good in 77 procedures (89.5%) and fair/poor in nine (10.5%). The fair/poor efficacy concerned seven patients (six mild hemophilia and one severe), for four urological surgeries, two dermatological procedures, one heart surgery, one ear-nose-throat procedure, and one dental avulsion in the patient with severe hemophilia. Three out of those seven patients received antiplatelet therapy. No thromboembolic events, anti-FVIII antibodies, or adverse events were reported. DISCUSSION The efficacy and safety of turoctocog alfa were confirmed for the management of surgery in patients with hemophilia A. No adverse events were observed and overall efficacy was good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Drillaud
- CHU Nantes, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences des Maladies Hémorragiques Constitutionnelles, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Cussac
- Centre de Traitement des Maladies Hémorragiques Constitutionnelles, CH Le Mans, Le Mans, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Bertho
- CHU Nantes, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences des Maladies Hémorragiques Constitutionnelles, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Valérie Horvais
- CHU Nantes, Unité d'Investigation Clinique 17, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Beurrier
- Centre de Traitement des Maladies Hémorragiques Constitutionnelles, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Catherine Ternisien
- CHU Nantes, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences des Maladies Hémorragiques Constitutionnelles, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Johann Rose
- Centre de Traitement des Maladies Hémorragiques Constitutionnelles, CH Le Mans, Le Mans, France
| | - Marc Fouassier
- CHU Nantes, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences des Maladies Hémorragiques Constitutionnelles, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Babuty
- CHU Nantes, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences des Maladies Hémorragiques Constitutionnelles, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Trossaërt
- CHU Nantes, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences des Maladies Hémorragiques Constitutionnelles, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
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11
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Hu X, Buhl CS, Sjogaard MB, Schousboe K, Mizrak HI, Kufaishi H, Jensen TS, Hansen CS, Yderstræde KB, Zhang MD, Ernfors P, Nyengaard JR, Karlsson P. Structural changes in Schwann cells and nerve fibres in type 1 diabetes: relationship with diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetologia 2023; 66:2332-2345. [PMID: 37728731 PMCID: PMC10627903 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Our aim was to investigate structural changes of cutaneous Schwann cells (SCs), including nociceptive Schwann cells (nSCs) and axons, in individuals with diabetic polyneuropathy. We also aimed to investigate the relationship between these changes and peripheral neuropathic symptoms in type 1 diabetes. METHODS Skin biopsies (3 mm) taken from carefully phenotyped participants with type 1 diabetes without polyneuropathy (T1D, n=25), type 1 diabetes with painless diabetic polyneuropathy (T1DPN, n=30) and type 1 diabetes with painful diabetic polyneuropathy (P-T1DPN, n=27), and from healthy control individuals (n=25) were immunostained with relevant antibodies to visualise SCs and nerve fibres. Stereological methods were used to quantify the expression of cutaneous SCs and nerve fibres. RESULTS There was a difference in the number density of nSCs not abutting to nerve fibres between the groups (p=0.004) but not in the number density of nSCs abutting to nerve fibres, nor in solitary or total subepidermal SC soma number density. The overall dermal SC expression (measured by dermal SC area fraction and subepidermal SC process density) and peripheral nerve fibre expression (measured by intraepidermal nerve fibre density, dermal nerve fibre area fraction and subepidermal nerve fibre density) differed between the groups (all p<0.05): significant differences were seen in participants with T1DPN and P-T1DPN compared with those without diabetic polyneuropathy (healthy control and T1D groups) (all p<0.05). No difference was found between participants in the T1DPN and P-T1DPN group, nor between participants in the T1D and healthy control group (all p>0.05). Correlational analysis showed that cutaneous SC processes and nerve fibres were highly associated, and they were weakly negatively correlated with different neuropathy measures. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Cutaneous SC processes and nerves, but not SC soma, are degenerated and interdependent in individuals with diabetic polyneuropathy. However, an increase in structurally damaged nSCs was seen in individuals with diabetic polyneuropathy. Furthermore, dermal SC processes and nerve fibres correlate weakly with clinical measures of neuropathy and may play a partial role in the pathophysiology of diabetic polyneuropathy in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hu
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Marie Balle Sjogaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Pain Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karoline Schousboe
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Troels Staehelin Jensen
- Danish Pain Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ming-Dong Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ernfors
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pall Karlsson
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Danish Pain Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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12
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Mynster Kronborg T, Webel H, O'Connell MB, Danielsen KV, Hobolth L, Møller S, Jensen RT, Bendtsen F, Hansen T, Rasmussen S, Juel HB, Kimer N. Markers of inflammation predict survival in newly diagnosed cirrhosis: a prospective registry study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20039. [PMID: 37973887 PMCID: PMC10654496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory activity in cirrhosis is often pronounced and related to episodes of decompensation. Systemic markers of inflammation may contain prognostic information, and we investigated their possible correlation with admissions and mortality among patients with newly diagnosed liver cirrhosis. We collected plasma samples from 149 patients with newly diagnosed (within the past 6 months) cirrhosis, and registered deaths and hospital admissions within 180 days. Ninety-two inflammatory markers were quantified and correlated with clinical variables, mortality, and admissions. Prediction models were calculated by logistic regression. We compared the disease courses of our cohort with a validation cohort of 86 patients with cirrhosis. Twenty of 92 markers of inflammation correlated significantly with mortality within 180 days (q-values of 0.00-0.044), whereas we found no significant correlations with liver-related admissions. The logistic regression models yielded AUROCs of 0.73 to 0.79 for mortality and 0.61 to 0.73 for liver-related admissions, based on a variety of modalities (clinical variables, inflammatory markers, clinical scores, or combinations thereof). The models performed moderately well in the validation cohort and were better able to predict mortality than liver-related admissions. In conclusion, markers of inflammation can be used to predict 180-day mortality in patients with newly diagnosed cirrhosis. Prediction models for newly diagnosed cirrhotic patients need further validation before implementation in clinical practice.Trial registration: NCT04422223 (and NCT03443934 for the validation cohort), and Scientific Ethics Committee No.: H-19024348.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry Webel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lise Hobolth
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Søren Møller
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Tanderup Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Bendtsen
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Rasmussen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Helene Bæk Juel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Kimer
- Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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13
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Usaite I, Biswas D, Dijkstra K, Watkins TB, Pich O, Puttick C, Angelova M, Thakkar K, Hiley C, Birkbak N, Kok M, Zaccaria S, Wu Y, Litchfield K, Swanton C, Kanu N. Quantifying the impact of immunotherapy on RNA dynamics in cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007870. [PMID: 37914385 PMCID: PMC10626770 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) immunotherapies have provided durable clinical responses across a range of solid tumor types for some patients with cancer. Nonetheless, response rates to CPI vary greatly between cancer types. Resolving intratumor transcriptomic changes induced by CPI may improve our understanding of the mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance. METHODS We assembled a cohort of longitudinal pre-therapy and on-therapy samples from 174 patients treated with CPI across six cancer types by leveraging transcriptomic sequencing data from five studies. RESULTS Meta-analyses of published RNA markers revealed an on-therapy pattern of immune reinvigoration in patients with breast cancer, which was not discernible pre-therapy, providing biological insight into the impact of CPI on the breast cancer immune microenvironment. We identified 98 breast cancer-specific correlates of CPI response, including 13 genes which are known IO targets, such as toll-like receptors TLR1, TLR4, and TLR8, that could hold potential as combination targets for patients with breast cancer receiving CPI treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a subset of response genes identified in breast cancer are already highly expressed pre-therapy in melanoma, and additionally we establish divergent RNA dynamics between breast cancer and melanoma following CPI treatment, which may suggest distinct immune microenvironments between the two cancer types. CONCLUSIONS Overall, delineating longitudinal RNA dynamics following CPI therapy sheds light on the mechanisms underlying diverging response trajectories, and identifies putative targets for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Usaite
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Dhruva Biswas
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Krijn Dijkstra
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Bk Watkins
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Oriol Pich
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Clare Puttick
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Mihaela Angelova
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Krupa Thakkar
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Crispin Hiley
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nicolai Birkbak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marleen Kok
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Zaccaria
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Computational Cancer Genomics Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology and Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Litchfield
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nnennaya Kanu
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
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14
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Meek CL. An unwelcome inheritance: childhood obesity after diabetes in pregnancy. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1961-1970. [PMID: 37442824 PMCID: PMC10541526 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes in pregnancy affects 20 million women per year and is associated with increased risk of obesity in offspring, leading to insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disease. Despite the substantial public health ramifications, relatively little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying obesity in these high-risk children, which creates a barrier to successful intervention. While maternal glucose itself is undeniably a major stimulus upon intrauterine growth, the degree of offspring hyperinsulinism and disturbed lipid metabolism in mothers and offspring are also likely to be implicated in the disease process. The aim of this review is to summarise current understanding of the pathophysiology of childhood obesity after intrauterine exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia and to highlight possible opportunities for intervention. I present here a new unified hypothesis for the pathophysiology of childhood obesity in infants born to mothers with diabetes, which involves self-perpetuating twin cycles of pancreatic beta cell hyperfunction and altered lipid metabolism, both acutely and chronically upregulated by intrauterine exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Meek
- Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
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15
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Melchiorsen JU, Sørensen KV, Bork-Jensen J, Kizilkaya HS, Gasbjerg LS, Hauser AS, Rungby J, Sørensen HT, Vaag A, Nielsen JS, Pedersen O, Linneberg A, Hartmann B, Gjesing AP, Holst JJ, Hansen T, Rosenkilde MM, Grarup N. Rare Heterozygous Loss-of-Function Variants in the Human GLP-1 Receptor Are Not Associated With Cardiometabolic Phenotypes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2821-2833. [PMID: 37235780 PMCID: PMC10584003 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lost glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) function affects human physiology. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to identify coding nonsynonymous GLP1R variants in Danish individuals to link their in vitro phenotypes and clinical phenotypic associations. METHODS We sequenced GLP1R in 8642 Danish individuals with type 2 diabetes or normal glucose tolerance and examined the ability of nonsynonymous variants to bind GLP-1 and to signal in transfected cells via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation and β-arrestin recruitment. We performed a cross-sectional study between the burden of loss-of-signaling (LoS) variants and cardiometabolic phenotypes in 2930 patients with type 2 diabetes and 5712 participants in a population-based cohort. Furthermore, we studied the association between cardiometabolic phenotypes and the burden of the LoS variants and 60 partly overlapping predicted loss-of-function (pLoF) GLP1R variants found in 330 566 unrelated White exome-sequenced participants in the UK Biobank cohort. RESULTS We identified 36 nonsynonymous variants in GLP1R, of which 10 had a statistically significant loss in GLP-1-induced cAMP signaling compared to wild-type. However, no association was observed between the LoS variants and type 2 diabetes, although LoS variant carriers had a minor increased fasting plasma glucose level. Moreover, pLoF variants from the UK Biobank also did not reveal substantial cardiometabolic associations, despite a small effect on glycated hemoglobin A1c. CONCLUSION Since no homozygous LoS nor pLoF variants were identified and heterozygous carriers had similar cardiometabolic phenotype as noncarriers, we conclude that GLP-1R may be of particular importance in human physiology, due to a potential evolutionary intolerance of harmful homozygous GLP1R variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine U Melchiorsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Kimmie V Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Hüsün S Kizilkaya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Lærke S Gasbjerg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Alexander S Hauser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Rungby
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Henrik T Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8800, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Allan Vaag
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark
| | - Jens S Nielsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup 2900, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg 2000, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Anette P Gjesing
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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Frohnert BI, Ghalwash M, Li Y, Ng K, Dunne JL, Lundgren M, Hagopian W, Lou O, Winkler C, Toppari J, Veijola R, Anand V. Refining the Definition of Stage 1 Type 1 Diabetes: An Ontology-Driven Analysis of the Heterogeneity of Multiple Islet Autoimmunity. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:1753-1761. [PMID: 36862942 PMCID: PMC10516254 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the risk of progression to stage 3 type 1 diabetes based on varying definitions of multiple islet autoantibody positivity (mIA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Type 1 Diabetes Intelligence (T1DI) is a combined prospective data set of children from Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the U.S. who have an increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes. Analysis included 16,709 infants-toddlers enrolled by age 2.5 years and comparison between groups using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS Of 865 (5%) children with mIA, 537 (62%) progressed to type 1 diabetes. The 15-year cumulative incidence of diabetes varied from the most stringent definition (mIA/Persistent/2: two or more islet autoantibodies positive at the same visit with two or more antibodies persistent at next visit; 88% [95% CI 85-92%]) to the least stringent (mIA/Any: positivity for two islet autoantibodies without co-occurring positivity or persistence; 18% [5-40%]). Progression in mIA/Persistent/2 was significantly higher than all other groups (P < 0.0001). Intermediate stringency definitions showed intermediate risk and were significantly different than mIA/Any (P < 0.05); however, differences waned over the 2-year follow-up among those who did not subsequently reach higher stringency. Among mIA/Persistent/2 individuals with three autoantibodies, loss of one autoantibody by the 2-year follow-up was associated with accelerated progression. Age was significantly associated with time from seroconversion to mIA/Persistent/2 status and mIA to stage 3 type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The 15-year risk of progression to type 1 diabetes risk varies markedly from 18 to 88% based on the stringency of mIA definition. While initial categorization identifies highest-risk individuals, short-term follow-up over 2 years may help stratify evolving risk, especially for those with less stringent definitions of mIA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Ghalwash
- Center for Computational Health at IBM Research at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
- Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Computational Health at IBM Research at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
| | - Kenney Ng
- Center for Computational Health at IBM Research at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Markus Lundgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Kristianstad Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | | | | | - Christiane Winkler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine and Population Research Centre, University of Turku and Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vibha Anand
- Center for Computational Health at IBM Research at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Cambridge, MA
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Lemcke R, Egebjerg C, Berendtsen NT, Egerod KL, Thomsen AR, Pers TH, Christensen JP, Kornum BR. Molecular consequences of peripheral Influenza A infection on cell populations in the murine hypothalamus. eLife 2023; 12:RP87515. [PMID: 37698546 PMCID: PMC10497288 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Influenza A virus (IAV) causes the well-known symptoms of the flu, including fever, loss of appetite, and excessive sleepiness. These responses, mediated by the brain, will normally disappear once the virus is cleared from the system, but a severe respiratory virus infection may cause long-lasting neurological disturbances. These include encephalitis lethargica and narcolepsy. The mechanisms behind such long lasting changes are unknown. The hypothalamus is a central regulator of the homeostatic response during a viral challenge. To gain insight into the neuronal and non-neuronal molecular changes during an IAV infection, we intranasally infected mice with an H1N1 virus and extracted the brain at different time points. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of the hypothalamus, we identify transcriptional effects in all identified cell populations. The snRNA-seq data showed the most pronounced transcriptional response at 3 days past infection, with a strong downregulation of genes across all cell types. General immune processes were mainly impacted in microglia, the brain resident immune cells, where we found increased numbers of cells expressing pro-inflammatory gene networks. In addition, we found that most neuronal cell populations downregulated genes contributing to the energy homeostasis in mitochondria and protein translation in the cytosol, indicating potential reduced cellular and neuronal activity. This might be a preventive mechanism in neuronal cells to avoid intracellular viral replication and attack by phagocytosing cells. The change of microglia gene activity suggest that this is complemented by a shift in microglia activity to provide increased surveillance of their surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Lemcke
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Christine Egebjerg
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Nicolai T Berendtsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kristoffer L Egerod
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Allan R Thomsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jan P Christensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Birgitte R Kornum
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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18
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Hjort L, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Minja D, Rasmussen C, Møller SL, Lusingu J, Theander T, Bygbjerg IC, Schmiegelow C, Grunnet LG. Cord Blood FGF-21 and GDF-15 Levels Are Affected by Maternal Exposure to Moderate to Severe Anemia and Malaria. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad120. [PMID: 37795192 PMCID: PMC10546908 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Anemia and malaria are global health problems affecting >50% of pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa and are associated with intrauterine growth restriction. The hormones fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) are involved in metabolic regulation and are expressed in the placenta. No studies exist on FGF-21 and GDF-15 responses to exposures of malaria and anemia in pregnancy. Objective and Methods Using a prospective, longitudinal pregnancy and birth cohort of women with an average age of 26 years from a rural region in northeastern Tanzania, we examined if FGF-21 and GDF-15 levels in maternal blood at week 33 ± 2 (n = 301) and in cord blood at birth (n = 353), were associated with anemia and malaria exposure at different time points in pregnancy and with neonatal anthropometry. Results Among mothers at gestation week 33 ± 2, lower FGF-21 levels were observed after exposure to malaria in the first trimester, but not anemia, whereas GDF-15 levels at week 33 ± 2 were not associated with malaria nor anemia. In cord blood, moderate to severe anemia at any time point in pregnancy was associated with higher levels of FGF-21, whereas malaria exposure in the third trimester was associated with lower FGF-21 levels in cord blood. Negative associations were observed between cord blood FGF-21 and GDF-15 levels and neonatal skinfold thicknesses and birthweight. Conclusion Our results suggest that moderate to severe anemia throughout pregnancy associates with higher FGF-21 levels, and malaria in last trimester associates with lower FGF-21 levels, in the neonates, thereby potentially affecting the future cardiometabolic health of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Hjort
- Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Metabolic Epigenetics Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Daniel Minja
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Center, Tanga 5004, Tanzania
| | - Christine Rasmussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Departments of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Sofie Lykke Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Global Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - John Lusingu
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Center, Tanga 5004, Tanzania
| | - Thor Theander
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Ib Christian Bygbjerg
- Department of Public Health, Section of Global Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Christentze Schmiegelow
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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Ehrhardt N, Bouchonville M, Peek ME, Thomas CC, Zou T, Cuttriss N, Desimone M, Weinstock RS, Baer LG, Gabbay RA. Telementoring With Project ECHO: A New Era in Diabetes-Related Continuing Education for Primary Care to Address Health Disparities. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023; 17:916-924. [PMID: 36879471 PMCID: PMC10348009 DOI: 10.1177/19322968231155150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Project ECHO® is a telementoring workforce development model that targets under-resourced communities lacking access to specialty care. The model builds virtual communities of practice, including specialists and community primary care professionals (PCPs) to combat clinical inertia and health disparities. While the ECHO model has gained global recognition, implementation of the model related to diabetes is lagging compared to other specialty conditions. This review highlights diabetes-endocrine (ENDO)-focused ECHOs using data reported in the ECHO Institute's centralized data repository (iECHO) and the learning collaborative for diabetes ECHOs. It also describes the implementation of diabetes ECHOs and their evaluation. Learner and patient-centered outcomes related to diabetes ECHOs are reviewed. Program implementation and evaluations have demonstrated utility of the ECHO model for diabetes programs to (1) address unmet needs of diabetes care in the primary care setting, (2) improve knowledge and confidence in managing complex diabetes and change provider prescribing habits, (3) improve patient outcomes, and (4) address diabetes quality improvement practices in primary care. More studies with broader collaboration among sites are needed to evaluate the model related to diabetes, especially applied to addressing therapeutic inertia, adoption of diabetes technology, and reducing health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ehrhardt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Washington Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matt Bouchonville
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Monica E. Peek
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Chicago Center for Diabetes Translation Research, The MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, and The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Celeste C. Thomas
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tracy Zou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Washington Diabetes Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicolas Cuttriss
- ECHO Diabetes Action Network, ENDO Diabetes & Wellness, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marisa Desimone
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ruth S. Weinstock
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Research Unit and Joslin Diabetes Center, and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Ghaddar A, Armingol E, Huynh C, Gevirtzman L, Lewis NE, Waterston R, O’Rourke EJ. Whole-body gene expression atlas of an adult metazoan. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg0506. [PMID: 37352352 PMCID: PMC10289653 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Gene activity defines cell identity, drives intercellular communication, and underlies the functioning of multicellular organisms. We present the single-cell resolution atlas of gene activity of a fertile adult metazoan: Caenorhabditis elegans. This compendium comprises 180 distinct cell types and 19,657 expressed genes. We predict 7541 transcription factor expression profile associations likely responsible for defining cellular identity. We predict thousands of intercellular interactions across the C. elegans body and the ligand-receptor pairs that mediate them, some of which we experimentally validate. We identify 172 genes that show consistent expression across cell types, are involved in basic and essential functions, and are conserved across phyla; therefore, we present them as experimentally validated housekeeping genes. We developed the WormSeq application to explore these data. In addition to the integrated gene-to-systems biology, we present genome-scale single-cell resolution testable hypotheses that we anticipate will advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms, underlying the functioning of a multicellular organism and the perturbations that lead to its malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ghaddar
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Erick Armingol
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chau Huynh
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Louis Gevirtzman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nathan E. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert Waterston
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eyleen J. O’Rourke
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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21
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Backe MB, Andersen RC, Jensen M, Jin C, Hundahl C, Dmytriyeva O, Treebak JT, Hansen JB, Gerhart-Hines Z, Madsen KL, Holst B. PICK1-Deficient Mice Maintain Their Glucose Tolerance During Diet-Induced Obesity. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad057. [PMID: 37200849 PMCID: PMC10185814 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Metabolic disorders such as obesity represent a major health challenge. Obesity alone has reached epidemic proportions, with at least 2.8 million people worldwide dying annually from diseases caused by overweight or obesity. The brain-metabolic axis is central to maintain homeostasis under metabolic stress via an intricate signaling network of hormones. Protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1) is important for the biogenesis of various secretory vesicles, and we have previously shown that PICK1-deficient mice have impaired secretion of insulin and growth hormone. Objective The aim was to investigate how global PICK1-deficient mice respond to high-fat diet (HFD) and assess its role in insulin secretion in diet-induced obesity. Methods We characterized the metabolic phenotype through assessment of body weight, composition, glucose tolerance, islet morphology insulin secretion in vivo, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion ex vivo. Results PICK1-deficient mice displayed similar weight gain and body composition as wild-type (WT) mice following HFD. While HFD impaired glucose tolerance of WT mice, PICK1-deficient mice were resistant to further deterioration of their glucose tolerance compared with already glucose-impaired chow-fed PICK1-deficient mice. Surprisingly, mice with β-cell-specific knockdown of PICK1 showed impaired glucose tolerance both on chow and HFD similar to WT mice. Conclusion Our findings support the importance of PICK1 in overall hormone regulation. However, importantly, this effect is independent of the PICK1 expression in the β-cell, whereby global PICK1-deficient mice resist further deterioration of their glucose tolerance following diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Balslev Backe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Rita Chan Andersen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chunyu Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Hundahl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oksana Dmytriyeva
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Bondo Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zach Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth L Madsen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Hussey KD. Timeless spaces: Field experiments in the physiological study of circadian rhythms, 1938-1963. Hist Philos Life Sci 2023; 45:17. [PMID: 37076757 PMCID: PMC10115684 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-023-00571-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the middle of the twentieth century, physiologists interested in human biological rhythms undertook a series of field experiments in natural spaces that they believed could closely approximate conditions of biological timelessness. With the field of rhythms research was still largely on the fringes of the life sciences, natural spaces seemed to offer unique research opportunities beyond what was available to physiologists in laboratory spaces. In particular, subterranean caves and the High Arctic became archetypal 'natural laboratories' for the study of human circadian (daily) rhythms. This paper is explores the field experiments which occurred in these 'timeless spaces'. It considers how scientists understood these natural spaces as suitably 'timeless' for studying circadian rhythms and what their experimental practices can tell us about contemporary physiological notions of biological time, especially its relationship to 'environmentality' (Formosinho et al. in Stud History Philos Sci 91:148-158, 2022). In so doing, this paper adds to a growing literature on the interrelationship of field sites by demonstrating the ways that caves and the Arctic were connected by rhythms scientists. Finally, it will explore how the use of these particular spaces were not just scientific but also political - leveraging growing Cold War anxieties about nuclear fallout and the space race to bring greater prestige and funding to the study of circadian rhythms in its early years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin D Hussey
- Medical Museion and the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (CBMR), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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23
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Subramanian N, Hofwimmer K, Tavira B, Massier L, Andersson DP, Arner P, Laurencikiene J. Adipose tissue specific CCL18 associates with cardiometabolic diseases in non-obese individuals implicating CD4 + T cells. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:84. [PMID: 37046242 PMCID: PMC10099890 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Obesity is linked to cardiometabolic diseases, however non-obese individuals are also at risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). White adipose tissue (WAT) is known to play a role in both T2D and CVD, but the contribution of WAT inflammatory status especially in non-obese patients with cardiometabolic diseases is less understood. Therefore, we aimed to find associations between WAT inflammatory status and cardiometabolic diseases in non-obese individuals. METHODS In a population-based cohort containing non-obese healthy (n = 17), T2D (n = 16), CVD (n = 18), T2D + CVD (n = 19) individuals, seventeen different cytokines were measured in WAT and in circulation. In addition, 13-color flow cytometry profiling was employed to phenotype the immune cells. Human T cell line (Jurkat T cells) was stimulated by rCCL18, and conditioned media (CM) was added to the in vitro cultures of human adipocytes. Lipolysis was measured by glycerol release. Blocking antibodies against IFN-γ and TGF-β were used in vitro to prove a role for these cytokines in CCL18-T-cell-adipocyte lipolysis regulation axis. RESULTS In CVD, T2D and CVD + T2D groups, CCL18 and CD4+ T cells were upregulated significantly compared to healthy controls. WAT CCL18 secretion correlated with the amounts of WAT CD4+ T cells, which also highly expressed CCL18 receptors suggesting that WAT CD4+ T cells are responders to this chemokine. While direct addition of rCCL18 to mature adipocytes did not alter the adipocyte lipolysis, CM from CCL18-treated T cells increased glycerol release in in vitro cultures of adipocytes. IFN-γ and TGF-β secretion was significantly induced in CM obtained from T cells treated with CCL18. Blocking these cytokines in CM, prevented CM-induced upregulation of adipocyte lipolysis. CONCLUSION We suggest that in T2D and CVD, increased production of CCL18 recruits and activates CD4+ T cells to secrete IFN-γ and TGF-β. This, in turn, promotes adipocyte lipolysis - a possible risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmadha Subramanian
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Hofwimmer
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Tavira
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Lucas Massier
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Daniel P Andersson
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Lipid laboratory, Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden.
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Wang J, Rindom E, Groennebaek T, Sieljacks P, Jakobsgaard JE, Farup J, Vissing K, Pedersen TH, de Paoli FV. Six weeks of high-load resistance and low-load blood flow restricted training increase Na/K-ATPase sub-units α2 and β1 equally, but does not alter ClC-1 abundance in untrained human skeletal muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2023; 44:25-36. [PMID: 37014477 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-023-09644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Contractile function of skeletal muscle relies on the ability of muscle fibers to trigger and propagate action potentials (APs). These electrical signals are created by transmembrane ion transport through ion channels and membrane transporter systems. In this regard, the Cl- ion channel 1 (ClC-1) and the Na+/K--ATPase (NKA) are central for maintaining ion homeostasis across the sarcolemma during intense contractile activity. Therefore, this randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the changes in ClC-1 and specific NKA subunit isoform expression in response to six weeks (18 training sessions) of high-load resistance exercise (HLRE) and low-load blood flow restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE), respectively. HLRE was conducted as 4 sets of 12 repetitions of knee extensions performed at 70% of 1 repetition maximum (RM), while BFRRE was conducted as 4 sets of knee extensions at 30% of 1RM performed to volitional fatigue. Furthermore, the potential associations between protein expression and contractile performance were investigated. We show that muscle ClC-1 abundance was not affected by either exercise modality, whereas NKA subunit isoforms [Formula: see text]2 and [Formula: see text]1 increased equally by appx. 80-90% with BFRRE (p < 0.05) and 70-80% with HLRE (p < 0.05). No differential impact between exercise modalities was observed. At baseline, ClC-1 protein expression correlated inversely with dynamic knee extensor strength (r=-0.365, p = 0.04), whereas no correlation was observed between NKA subunit content and contractile performance at baseline. However, training-induced changes in NKA [Formula: see text]2 subunit (r = 0.603, p < 0.01) and [Formula: see text]1 subunit (r = 0.453, p < 0.05) correlated with exercise-induced changes in maximal voluntary contraction. These results suggest that the initial adaptation to resistance-based exercise does not involve changes in ClC-1 abundance in untrained skeletal muscle, and that increased content of NKA subunits may facilitate increases in maximal force production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Wang
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Emil Rindom
- Department of Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Groennebaek
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Sieljacks
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jean Farup
- Department of Biomedicine - Physiology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé, Building 1163, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Vissing
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Holm Pedersen
- Department of Biomedicine - Physiology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé, Building 1163, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Frank Vincenzo de Paoli
- Department of Biomedicine - Physiology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé, Building 1163, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark.
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Lappa D, Meijnikman AS, Krautkramer KA, Olsson LM, Aydin Ö, Van Rijswijk AS, Acherman YIZ, De Brauw ML, Tremaroli V, Olofsson LE, Lundqvist A, Hjorth SA, Ji B, Gerdes VEA, Groen AK, Schwartz TW, Nieuwdorp M, Bäckhed F, Nielsen J. Self-organized metabotyping of obese individuals identifies clusters responding differently to bariatric surgery. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279335. [PMID: 36862673 PMCID: PMC9980823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Weight loss through bariatric surgery is efficient for treatment or prevention of obesity related diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Long term weight loss response does, however, vary among patients undergoing surgery. Thus, it is difficult to identify predictive markers while most obese individuals have one or more comorbidities. To overcome such challenges, an in-depth multiple omics analyses including fasting peripheral plasma metabolome, fecal metagenome as well as liver, jejunum, and adipose tissue transcriptome were performed for 106 individuals undergoing bariatric surgery. Machine leaning was applied to explore the metabolic differences in individuals and evaluate if metabolism-based patients' stratification is related to their weight loss responses to bariatric surgery. Using Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) to analyze the plasma metabolome, we identified five distinct metabotypes, which were differentially enriched for KEGG pathways related to immune functions, fatty acid metabolism, protein-signaling, and obesity pathogenesis. The gut metagenome of the most heavily medicated metabotypes, treated simultaneously for multiple cardiometabolic comorbidities, was significantly enriched in Prevotella and Lactobacillus species. This unbiased stratification into SOM-defined metabotypes identified signatures for each metabolic phenotype and we found that the different metabotypes respond differently to bariatric surgery in terms of weight loss after 12 months. An integrative framework that utilizes SOMs and omics integration was developed for stratifying a heterogeneous bariatric surgery cohort. The multiple omics datasets described in this study reveal that the metabotypes are characterized by a concrete metabolic status and different responses in weight loss and adipose tissue reduction over time. Our study thus opens a path to enable patient stratification and hereby allow for improved clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Lappa
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Systems and Synthetic Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail: (DL); (JN)
| | - Abraham S. Meijnikman
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly A. Krautkramer
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa M. Olsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ömrüm Aydin
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Valentina Tremaroli
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise E. Olofsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Lundqvist
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Siv A. Hjorth
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Boyang Ji
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Systems and Synthetic Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Victor E. A. Gerdes
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Albert K. Groen
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thue W. Schwartz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Systems and Synthetic Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- BioInnovation Institute, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- * E-mail: (DL); (JN)
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Harsunen M, Kettunen JLT, Härkönen T, Dwivedi O, Lehtovirta M, Vähäsalo P, Veijola R, Ilonen J, Miettinen PJ, Knip M, Tuomi T. Identification of monogenic variants in more than ten per cent of children without type 1 diabetes-related autoantibodies at diagnosis in the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register. Diabetologia 2023; 66:438-449. [PMID: 36418577 PMCID: PMC9892083 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Monogenic forms of diabetes (MODY, neonatal diabetes mellitus and syndromic forms) are rare, and affected individuals may be misclassified and treated suboptimally. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes is high in Finnish children but systematic screening for monogenic diabetes has not been conducted. We assessed the prevalence and clinical manifestations of monogenic diabetes in children initially registered with type 1 diabetes in the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register (FPDR) but who had no type 1 diabetes-related autoantibodies (AABs) or had only low-titre islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs) at diagnosis. METHODS The FPDR, covering approximately 90% of newly diagnosed diabetic individuals aged ≤15 years in Finland starting from 2002, includes data on diabetes-associated HLA genotypes and AAB data (ICA, and autoantibodies against insulin, GAD, islet antigen 2 and zinc transporter 8) at diagnosis. A next generation sequencing gene panel including 42 genes was used to identify monogenic diabetes. We interpreted the variants in HNF1A by using the gene-specific standardised criteria and reported pathogenic and likely pathogenic findings only. For other genes, we also reported variants of unknown significance if an individual's phenotype suggested monogenic diabetes. RESULTS Out of 6482 participants, we sequenced DNA for 152 (2.3%) testing negative for all AABs and 49 (0.8%) positive only for low-titre ICAs (ICAlow). A monogenic form of diabetes was revealed in 19 (12.5%) of the AAB-negative patients (14 [9.2%] had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants) and two (4.1%) of the ICAlow group. None had ketoacidosis at diagnosis or carried HLA genotypes conferring high risk for type 1 diabetes. The affected genes were GCK, HNF1A, HNF4A, HNF1B, INS, KCNJ11, RFX6, LMNA and WFS1. A switch from insulin to oral medication was successful in four of five patients with variants in HNF1A, HNF4A or KCNJ11. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION More than 10% of AAB-negative children with newly diagnosed diabetes had a genetic finding associated with monogenic diabetes. Because the genetic diagnosis can lead to major changes in treatment, we recommend referring all AAB-negative paediatric patients with diabetes for genetic testing. Low-titre ICAs in the absence of other AABs does not always indicate a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Harsunen
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jarno L T Kettunen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Abdominal Centre, Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Taina Härkönen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Om Dwivedi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Lehtovirta
- Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Vähäsalo
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi J Miettinen
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Centre, Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Zhou Y, Gammeltoft KA, Ryberg LA, Pham LV, Tjørnelund HD, Binderup A, Duarte Hernandez CR, Fernandez-Antunez C, Offersgaard A, Fahnøe U, Peters GHJ, Ramirez S, Bukh J, Gottwein JM. Nirmatrelvir-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants with high fitness in an infectious cell culture system. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eadd7197. [PMID: 36542720 PMCID: PMC9770952 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add7197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The oral protease inhibitor nirmatrelvir is of key importance for prevention of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To facilitate resistance monitoring, we studied severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) escape from nirmatrelvir in cell culture. Resistant variants harbored combinations of substitutions in the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Reverse genetics revealed that E166V and L50F + E166V conferred high resistance in infectious culture, replicon, and Mpro systems. While L50F, E166V, and L50F + E166V decreased replication and Mpro activity, L50F and L50F + E166V variants had high fitness in the infectious system. Naturally occurring L50F compensated for fitness cost of E166V and promoted viral escape. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that E166V and L50F + E166V weakened nirmatrelvir-Mpro binding. Polymerase inhibitor remdesivir and monoclonal antibody bebtelovimab retained activity against nirmatrelvir-resistant variants, and combination with nirmatrelvir enhanced treatment efficacy compared to individual compounds. These findings have implications for monitoring and ensuring treatments with efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging sarbecoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyong Zhou
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital–Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- CO-HEP, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Anbro Gammeltoft
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital–Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- CO-HEP, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Abildgaard Ryberg
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital–Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- CO-HEP, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Long V. Pham
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital–Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- CO-HEP, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Alekxander Binderup
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital–Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- CO-HEP, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos Rene Duarte Hernandez
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital–Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- CO-HEP, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlota Fernandez-Antunez
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital–Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- CO-HEP, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Offersgaard
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital–Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- CO-HEP, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Fahnøe
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital–Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- CO-HEP, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Santseharay Ramirez
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital–Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- CO-HEP, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bukh
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital–Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- CO-HEP, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Judith Margarete Gottwein
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital–Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- CO-HEP, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Corresponding author.
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28
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Tramunt B, Disse E, Chevalier N, Bordier L, Cazals L, Dupuy O, Marre M, Matar O, Meyer L, Noilhan C, Sanz C, Valensi P, Velayoudom FL, Gautier JF, Gourdy P. Initiation of the Fixed Combination IDegLira in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Prior Injectable Therapy: Insights from the EASY French Real-World Study. Diabetes Ther 2022; 13:1947-1963. [PMID: 36331712 PMCID: PMC9663793 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-022-01327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combining basal insulin (BI) with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) is recognized as a relevant option to optimize glucose control in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The EASY real-world study aimed to evaluate the modalities of initiation and the effectiveness of the insulin Degludec plus Liraglutide (IDegLira) fixed-ratio combination in the French health care system. METHODS A retrospective analysis included all patients with T2D and prior injectable therapy (GLP1-RA and/or insulin) who started treatment with IDegLira from September 2016 to December 2017 in 11 French diabetes centers. Baseline characteristics, reasons for IDegLira initiation, and modes of implementation were collected from the medical records. Changes in HbA1c and body weight were determined in patients with available follow-up data (nearest 6-month visit). RESULTS IDegLira was initiated in 629 patients previously treated with GLP-1RA alone (11.6%), insulin alone (31.5% including 16.5% with BI and 14.9% with multiple daily injections [MDI]) or a free combination of GLP-1RA and insulin (56.9% including 44.8% with BI and 12.1% with MDI), associated or not with oral agents. IDegLira starting dose (mean of 29 ± 11 dose steps) most often exceeded the recommended dose, and was significantly correlated with prior BI but not GLP-1RA dosage. At initiation, mean age, body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c were 60.1 ± 10.2 years, 33.4 ± 6.2 kg/m2 and 8.8 ± 1.7%, respectively. In 461 patients with available follow-up (median 178 days), HbA1c decreased in all subgroups submitted to treatment intensification (- 1.7 ± 1.8% [p < 0.0001], - 1.2 ± 1.8% [p < 0.001] and - 0.8 ± 1.8% [p = 0.0026] in patients with prior GLP-1RA, BI or MDI therapy, respectively) but also in those switching from BI and GLP-1RA free combination (- 0.2 ± 0.9%, p = 0.0419). Significant body weight gain occurred in patients previously treated with GLP-1RA alone (+ 1.5 ± 5.8 kg, p = 0.0572) or combined to BI (+ 1.0 ± 3.1 kg, p < 0.0001) while those on BI (- 1.4 ± 4.6 kg, p = 0.0139) or MDI (- 1.4 ± 5.0 kg, p = 0.0484) experienced weight loss. CONCLUSIONS While providing new information on the use of IDegLira in the French healthcare system, these data confirm the effectiveness of this fixed-ratio combination in the management of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Tramunt
- Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU et Université de Toulouse, TSA 50032, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR1297 INSERM/UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Disse
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Lyse Bordier
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Hôpital d'instruction des Armées Begin, Saint-Mandé, France
| | - Laurent Cazals
- Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU et Université de Toulouse, TSA 50032, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Olivier Dupuy
- Service de Diabétologie et Endocrinologie, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Michel Marre
- Clinique Ambroise Paré, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Odette Matar
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Meyer
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chloé Noilhan
- Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU et Université de Toulouse, TSA 50032, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Caroline Sanz
- Cabinet d'Endocrinologie, de Diabétologie et de Nutrition, Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul Valensi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Jean Verdier Hospital, Paris Nord University, Bondy, France
| | | | - Jean-François Gautier
- Service de Diabétologie et d'Endocrinologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris Cité, INSERM 1151, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU et Université de Toulouse, TSA 50032, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR1297 INSERM/UT3, Toulouse, France.
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Whipp AM, Heinonen-Guzejev M, Pietiläinen KH, van Kamp I, Kaprio J. Branched-chain amino acids linked to depression in young adults. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:935858. [PMID: 36248643 PMCID: PMC9561956 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.935858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a heterogeneous mental health problem affecting millions worldwide, but a majority of individuals with depression do not experience relief from initial treatments. Therefore, we need to improve our understanding of the biology of depression. Metabolomic approaches, especially untargeted ones, can suggest new hypotheses for further exploring biological mechanisms. Using the FinnTwin12 cohort, a longitudinal Finnish population-based twin cohort, with data collected in adolescence and young adulthood including 725 blood plasma samples, we investigated associations between depression and 11 low–molecular weight metabolites (amino acids and ketone bodies). In linear regression models with the metabolite (measured at age 22) as the dependent variable and depression ratings (measured at age 12, 14, 17, or 22 from multiple raters) as independent variables [adjusted first for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and additional covariates (later)], we initially identified a significant negative association of valine with depression. Upon further analyses, valine remained significantly negatively associated with depression cross-sectionally and over time [meta-analysis beta = −13.86, 95% CI (−18.48 to −9.25)]. Analyses of the other branched-chain amino acids showed a significant negative association of leucine with depression [meta-analysis beta = −9.24, 95% CI (−14.53 to −3.95)], while no association was observed between isoleucine and depression [meta-analysis beta = −0.95, 95% CI (−6.00 to 4.11)]. These exploratory epidemiologic findings support further investigations into the role of branched-chain amino acids in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce M. Whipp
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Alyce M. Whipp,
| | | | - Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Obesity Center, Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene van Kamp
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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30
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Britain DM, Town JP, Weiner OD. Progressive enhancement of kinetic proofreading in T cell antigen discrimination from receptor activation to DAG generation. eLife 2022; 11:e75263. [PMID: 36125261 PMCID: PMC9536835 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells use kinetic proofreading to discriminate antigens by converting small changes in antigen-binding lifetime into large differences in cell activation, but where in the signaling cascade this computation is performed is unknown. Previously, we developed a light-gated immune receptor to probe the role of ligand kinetics in T cell antigen signaling. We found significant kinetic proofreading at the level of the signaling lipid diacylglycerol (DAG) but lacked the ability to determine where the multiple signaling steps required for kinetic discrimination originate in the upstream signaling cascade (Tiseher and Weiner, 2019). Here, we uncover where kinetic proofreading is executed by adapting our optogenetic system for robust activation of early signaling events. We find the strength of kinetic proofreading progressively increases from Zap70 recruitment to LAT clustering to downstream DAG generation. Leveraging the ability of our system to rapidly disengage ligand binding, we also measure slower reset rates for downstream signaling events. These data suggest a distributed kinetic proofreading mechanism, with proofreading steps both at the receptor and at slower resetting downstream signaling complexes that could help balance antigen sensitivity and discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M Britain
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jason P Town
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Orion David Weiner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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Abstract
Islet dysfunction is central in type 2 diabetes and full-blown type 2 diabetes develops first when the beta cells lose their ability to secrete adequate amounts of insulin in response to raised plasma glucose. Several mechanisms behind beta cell dysfunction have been put forward but many important questions still remain. Furthermore, our understanding of the contribution of each islet cell type in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology has been limited by technical boundaries. Closing this knowledge gap will lead to a leap forward in our understanding of the islet as an organ and potentially lead to improved treatments. The development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has led to a breakthrough for characterising the transcriptome of each islet cell type and several important observations on the regulation of cell-type-specific gene expression have been made. When it comes to identifying type 2 diabetes disease mechanisms, the outcome is still limited. Several studies have identified differentially expressed genes, although there is very limited consensus between the studies. As with all new techniques, scRNAseq has limitations; in addition to being extremely expensive, genes expressed at low levels may not be detected, noise may not be appropriately filtered and selection biases for certain cell types are at hand. Furthermore, recent advances suggest that commonly used computational tools may be suboptimal for analysis of scRNAseq data in small-scale studies. Fortunately, development of new computational tools holds promise for harnessing the full potential of scRNAseq data. Here we summarise how scRNAseq has contributed to increasing the understanding of various aspects of islet biology as well as type 2 diabetes disease mechanisms. We also focus on challenges that remain and propose steps to promote the utilisation of the full potential of scRNAseq in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
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32
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Nguyen-Tu MS, Harris J, Martinez-Sanchez A, Chabosseau P, Hu M, Georgiadou E, Pollard A, Otero P, Lopez-Noriega L, Leclerc I, Sakamoto K, Schmoll D, Smith DM, Carling D, Rutter GA. Opposing effects on regulated insulin secretion of acute vs chronic stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Diabetologia 2022; 65:997-1011. [PMID: 35294578 PMCID: PMC9076735 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Although targeted in extrapancreatic tissues by several drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes, the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the control of insulin secretion is still debatable. Previous studies have used pharmacological activators of limited selectivity and specificity, and none has examined in primary pancreatic beta cells the actions of the latest generation of highly potent and specific activators that act via the allosteric drug and metabolite (ADaM) site. METHODS AMPK was activated acutely in islets isolated from C57BL6/J mice, and in an EndoC-βH3 cell line, using three structurally distinct ADaM site activators (991, PF-06409577 and RA089), with varying selectivity for β1- vs β2-containing complexes. Mouse lines expressing a gain-of-function mutation in the γ1 AMPK subunit (D316a) were generated to examine the effects of chronic AMPK stimulation in the whole body, or selectively in the beta cell. RESULTS Acute (1.5 h) treatment of wild-type mouse islets with 991, PF-06409577 or RA089 robustly stimulated insulin secretion at high glucose concentrations (p<0.01, p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively), despite a lowering of glucose-induced intracellular free Ca2+ dynamics in response to 991 (AUC, p<0.05) and to RA089 at the highest dose (25 μmol/l) at 5.59 min (p<0.05). Although abolished in the absence of AMPK, the effects of 991 were observed in the absence of the upstream kinase, liver kinase B1, further implicating 'amplifying' pathways. In marked contrast, chronic activation of AMPK, either globally or selectively in the beta cell, achieved using a gain-of-function mutant, impaired insulin release in vivo (p<0.05 at 15 min following i.p. injection of 3 mmol/l glucose) and in vitro (p<0.01 following incubation of islets with 17 mmol/l glucose), and lowered glucose tolerance (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION AMPK activation exerts complex, time-dependent effects on insulin secretion. These observations should inform the design and future clinical use of AMPK modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie Nguyen-Tu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph Harris
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aida Martinez-Sanchez
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pauline Chabosseau
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ming Hu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eleni Georgiadou
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Pollard
- MRC- London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Structure Biophysics and Fragments, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pablo Otero
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Livia Lopez-Noriega
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Leclerc
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Novo Nordisk Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dieter Schmoll
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David M Smith
- Emerging Innovations Unit, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D , Cambridge, UK
| | - David Carling
- MRC- London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
- CR-CHUM, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Petersen KF, Dufour S, Li F, Rothman DL, Shulman GI. Ethnic and sex differences in hepatic lipid content and related cardiometabolic parameters in lean individuals. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e157906. [PMID: 35167495 PMCID: PMC9057590 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver affects 25% to 30% of the US and European populations; is associated with insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes, and increased cardiovascular risk; and is defined by hepatic triglyceride (HTG) content greater than 5.56%. However, it is unknown whether HTG content less than 5.56% is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and whether there are ethnic (Asian Indian, AI, versus non-AI) and/or sex differences in these parameters in lean individuals.MethodsWe prospectively recruited 2331 individuals and measured HTG, using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and plasma concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and uric acid. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance and the Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index.ResultsThe 95th percentile for HTG in lean non-AI individuals was 1.85%. Plasma insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and uric acid concentrations were increased and HDL-cholesterol was decreased in individuals with HTG content > 1.85% and ≤ 5.56% compared with those individuals with HTG content ≤ 1.85%, and these altered parameters were associated with increased IR. Mean HTG was lower in lean non-AI women compared with lean non-AI men, whereas lean AI men and women had a 40% to 100% increase in HTG when compared with non-AI men and women, which was associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors.ConclusionWe found that the 95th percentile of HTG in lean non-AI individuals was 1.85% and that HTG concentrations above this threshold were associated with IR and cardiovascular risk factors. Premenopausal women were protected from these changes whereas young, lean AI men and women manifested increased HTG content and associated cardiometabolic risk factors.FundingGrants from the United States Department of Health and Human Resources (NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases): R01 DK113984, P30 DK45735, U24 DK59635, and UL1 RR024139; and the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF18CC0034900).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitt Falk Petersen
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Yale Diabetes Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Yale Diabetes Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Fangyong Li
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Douglas L. Rothman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gerald I. Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Yale Diabetes Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Rinaldi L, Fettweis G, Kim S, Garcia DA, Fujiwara S, Johnson TA, Tettey TT, Ozbun L, Pegoraro G, Puglia M, Blagoev B, Upadhyaya A, Stavreva DA, Hager GL. The glucocorticoid receptor associates with the cohesin loader NIPBL to promote long-range gene regulation. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabj8360. [PMID: 35353576 PMCID: PMC8967222 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj8360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The cohesin complex is central to chromatin looping, but mechanisms by which these long-range chromatin interactions are formed and persist remain unclear. We demonstrate that interactions between a transcription factor (TF) and the cohesin loader NIPBL regulate enhancer-dependent gene activity. Using mass spectrometry, genome mapping, and single-molecule tracking methods, we demonstrate that the glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) interacts with NIPBL and the cohesin complex at the chromatin level, promoting loop extrusion and long-range gene regulation. Real-time single-molecule experiments show that loss of cohesin markedly diminishes the concentration of TF molecules at specific nuclear confinement sites, increasing TF local concentration and promoting gene regulation. Last, patient-derived acute myeloid leukemia cells harboring cohesin mutations exhibit a reduced response to GCs, suggesting that the GR-NIPBL-cohesin interaction is defective in these patients, resulting in poor response to GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Rinaldi
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gregory Fettweis
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sohyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David A. Garcia
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Saori Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas A. Johnson
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Theophilus T. Tettey
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laurent Ozbun
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- High-Throughput Imaging Facility (HiTIF), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gianluca Pegoraro
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- High-Throughput Imaging Facility (HiTIF), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michele Puglia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Diana A. Stavreva
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gordon L. Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Clemente C, Johnson N, Ouyang X, Popin RV, Dall'Angelo S, Wahlsten M, Jokela J, Colombano A, Nardone B, Fewer DP, Houssen WE. Biochemical Characterization of a Cyanobactin Arginine-N-Prenylase from the Autumnalamide Biosynthetic Pathway. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12054-12057. [PMID: 36193595 PMCID: PMC9609003 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01799g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobactins are linear and cyclic post-translationally modified peptides. Here we show that the prenyl-d-Arg-containing autumnalamide A is a member of the cyanobactin family. Biochemical assays demonstrate that the AutF prenyltransferase targets the guanidinium moiety in arginine and homoarginine and is a useful tool for biotechnological applications. Biochemical characterization of the prenyltransferase (AutF) from the autumnalamide pathway shows it targets the nitrogen of the guanidinium moiety in arginine and homoarginine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Clemente
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Xiaodan Ouyang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 56, Viikki Biocenter, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Finland.
| | - Rafael V Popin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 56, Viikki Biocenter, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Finland.
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Matti Wahlsten
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 56, Viikki Biocenter, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Finland.
| | - Jouni Jokela
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 56, Viikki Biocenter, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Finland.
| | - Alessandro Colombano
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Brunello Nardone
- CEM Microwave Ltd, Buckingham Industrial Park, Buckingham MK18 1WA, UK
| | - David P Fewer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 56, Viikki Biocenter, Viikinkaari 9, 00014, Finland.
| | - Wael E Houssen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
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Dena M, Svensson AM, Olofsson KE, Young L, Carlson A, Miller K, Grimsmann J, Welp R, Mader JK, Maahs DM, Holl RW, Lind M. Renal Complications and Duration of Diabetes: An International Comparison in Persons with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Ther 2021; 12:3093-3105. [PMID: 34697764 PMCID: PMC8586278 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-021-01169-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal complications are both a marker of previous suboptimal glycaemic control and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of renal complications in persons with T1D in four geographical regions. METHODS Nationwide registry data from Austria/Germany, Sweden and the US were used to estimate the prevalence of renal complications from January 2016 until September 2018. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and albuminuria in the study population and each registry were analysed by diabetes duration. Risk factors for renal complications were described by registry. RESULTS In the total cohort of 78.926 adults with T1D, mean age was 44.4 ± 18.43 years and mean diabetes duration was 21.6 ± 22 years. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 94.0 ± 31.45 ml/min, 13.0% had microalbuminuria and 3.9% had macroalbuminuria. Mean age, diabetes duration, use of insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring, as well as presence of albuminuria, varied between registries. Albuminuria was present in approximately 10% of persons with diabetes duration < 20 years and impaired renal function (eGFR < 60 ml/min) was present in 17%. In persons with diabetes duration > 40 years, approximately one-third had albuminuria and 25% had impaired renal function. CONCLUSIONS This analysis used three nationwide registries of persons with T1D. Despite recent use of more effective diabetes therapies, a substantial proportion of persons with T1D have renal complications at < 20 years after diagnosis. Efficient glucose-lowering and renal-protective strategies are needed in persons with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Dena
- Department of Medicine, NU Hospital Group, Uddevalla, Trollhättan, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Marie Svensson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Eeg Olofsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laura Young
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Clinic at Meadowmont, UNC Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Julia Grimsmann
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Julia K Mader
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - David M Maahs
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Lind
- Department of Medicine, NU Hospital Group, Uddevalla, Trollhättan, Sweden.
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Dicks L, Jakobs L, Sari M, Hambitzer R, Ludwig N, Simon MC, Stehle P, Stoffel-Wagner B, Helfrich HP, Ahlborn J, Rühl M, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Ellinger S. Fortifying a meal with oyster mushroom powder beneficially affects postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1, non-esterified free fatty acids and hunger sensation in adults with impaired glucose tolerance: a double-blind randomized controlled crossover trial. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:687-701. [PMID: 34505919 PMCID: PMC8854321 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a pathophysiological condition characterized by insulin resistance with known metabolic consequences such as postprandial hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. We hypothesized that fortifying a meal with mushrooms rich in β-glucans may diminish glucose and triglyceride responses by improving postprandial gastrointestinal hormone release. Methods In a randomized controlled crossover study, 22 subjects with IGT ingested a meal either enriched with 20 g powder (8.1 g β-glucans) of oven-dried Pleurotus ostreatus (enriched meal, EN) or without enrichment (control meal, CON). Blood was collected before and repeatedly within 4 h after the meal to determine AUC of glucose (primary outcome), insulin, triglycerides, non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFAs), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and ghrelin. Appetite sensations (hunger, satiety, fullness, and desire to eat) were assessed before and after meal consumption by visual analog scales. Results Postprandial glucose, insulin, triglycerides, GIP and ghrelin concentrations as well as the corresponding AUCs did not differ between EN and CON. NEFAs-AUC was 14% lower (P = 0.026) and GLP-1-AUC 17% higher (P = 0.001) after EN compared to CON. Appetite ratings did not differ between treatments, except for hunger (AUC 22% lower after EN vs. CON; P = 0.031). Conclusion The observed immediate postprandial metabolic changes indicate that an easily manageable fortification of a single meal with powder from dried oyster mushrooms as β-glucan source may improve postprandial metabolism. If the effect is preserved long term, this measure can diminish the risk for further development of overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes in subjects with IGT. Clinical trial registration German Clinical Trial Register on 09/08/2018; trial-ID: DRKS00015244. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02674-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dicks
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Mönchengladbach, Germany
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Human Nutrition, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166a, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Linda Jakobs
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Mönchengladbach, Germany
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutrition and Microbiota, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miriam Sari
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hambitzer
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Norbert Ludwig
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutrition and Microbiota, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jenny Ahlborn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Rühl
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabine Ellinger
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Mönchengladbach, Germany.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Human Nutrition, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166a, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Ratner C, Shin JH, Dwibedi C, Tremaroli V, Bjerregaard A, Hartmann B, Bäckhed F, Leinninger G, Seeley RJ, Holst B. Anorexia and Fat Aversion Induced by Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy Is Attenuated in Neurotensin Receptor 1-Deficient Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6311588. [PMID: 34190328 PMCID: PMC8294690 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurotensin (NT) is an anorexic gut hormone and neuropeptide that increases in circulation following bariatric surgery in humans and rodents. We sought to determine the contribution of NT to the metabolic efficacy of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). To explore a potential mechanistic role of NT in VSG, we performed sham or VSG surgeries in diet-induced obese NT receptor 1 (NTSR1) wild-type and knockout (ko) mice and compared their weight and fat mass loss, glucose tolerance, food intake, and food preference after surgery. NTSR1 ko mice had reduced initial anorexia and body fat loss. Additionally, NTSR1 ko mice had an attenuated reduction in fat preference following VSG. Results from this study suggest that NTSR1 signaling contributes to the potent effect of VSG to initially reduce food intake following VSG surgeries and potentially also on the effects on macronutrient selection induced by VSG. However, maintenance of long-term weight loss after VSG requires signals in addition to NT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ratner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: Cecilia Ratner, University of Copenhagen: Kobenhavns Universitet, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark. E-mail:
| | - Jae Hoon Shin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chinmay Dwibedi
- Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Anette Bjerregaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gina Leinninger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: Birgitte Holst, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Schnurr TM, Jørsboe E, Chadt A, Dahl-Petersen IK, Kristensen JM, Wojtaszewski JFP, Springer C, Bjerregaard P, Brage S, Pedersen O, Moltke I, Grarup N, Al-Hasani H, Albrechtsen A, Jørgensen ME, Hansen T. Physical activity attenuates postprandial hyperglycaemia in homozygous TBC1D4 loss-of-function mutation carriers. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1795-1804. [PMID: 33912980 PMCID: PMC8245392 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The common muscle-specific TBC1D4 p.Arg684Ter loss-of-function variant defines a subtype of non-autoimmune diabetes in Arctic populations. Homozygous carriers are characterised by elevated postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Because 3.8% of the Greenlandic population are homozygous carriers, it is important to explore possibilities for precision medicine. We aimed to investigate whether physical activity attenuates the effect of this variant on 2 h plasma glucose levels after an oral glucose load. METHODS In a Greenlandic population cohort (n = 2655), 2 h plasma glucose levels were obtained after an OGTT, physical activity was estimated as physical activity energy expenditure and TBC1D4 genotype was determined. We performed TBC1D4-physical activity interaction analysis, applying a linear mixed model to correct for genetic admixture and relatedness. RESULTS Physical activity was inversely associated with 2 h plasma glucose levels (β[main effect of physical activity] -0.0033 [mmol/l] / [kJ kg-1 day-1], p = 6.5 × 10-5), and significantly more so among homozygous carriers of the TBC1D4 risk variant compared with heterozygous carriers and non-carriers (β[interaction] -0.015 [mmol/l] / [kJ kg-1 day-1], p = 0.0085). The estimated effect size suggests that 1 h of vigorous physical activity per day (compared with resting) reduces 2 h plasma glucose levels by an additional ~0.7 mmol/l in homozygous carriers of the risk variant. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Physical activity improves glucose homeostasis particularly in homozygous TBC1D4 risk variant carriers via a skeletal muscle TBC1 domain family member 4-independent pathway. This provides a rationale to implement physical activity as lifestyle precision medicine in Arctic populations. DATA REPOSITORY The Greenlandic Cardio-Metabochip data for the Inuit Health in Transition study has been deposited at the European Genome-phenome Archive ( https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ega/dacs/EGAC00001000736 ) under accession EGAD00010001428.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia M Schnurr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Jørsboe
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes research at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Inger K Dahl-Petersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Jonas M Kristensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Springer
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes research at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Bjerregaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Brage
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Moltke
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes research at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Anders Albrechtsen
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marit E Jørgensen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Greenland Center for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Lundh M, Altıntaş A, Tozzi M, Fabre O, Ma T, Shamsi F, Gerhart-Hines Z, Barrès R, Tseng YH, Emanuelli B. Cold-induction of afadin in brown fat supports its thermogenic capacity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9794. [PMID: 33963248 PMCID: PMC8105362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The profound energy-expending nature of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis makes it an attractive target tissue to combat obesity-associated metabolic disorders. While cold exposure is the strongest inducer of BAT activity, the temporal mechanisms tuning BAT adaptation during this activation process are incompletely understood. Here we show that the scaffold protein Afadin is dynamically regulated by cold in BAT, and participates in cold acclimation. Cold exposure acutely increases Afadin protein levels and its phosphorylation in BAT. Knockdown of Afadin in brown pre-adipocytes does not alter adipogenesis but restricts β3-adrenegic induction of thermogenic genes expression and HSL phosphorylation in mature brown adipocytes. Consistent with a defect in thermogenesis, an impaired cold tolerance was observed in fat-specific Afadin knockout mice. However, while Afadin depletion led to reduced Ucp1 mRNA induction by cold, stimulation of Ucp1 protein was conserved. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that fat-specific ablation of Afadin led to decreased functional enrichment of gene sets controlling essential metabolic functions at thermoneutrality in BAT, whereas it led to an altered reprogramming in response to cold, with enhanced enrichment of different pathways related to metabolism and remodeling. Collectively, we demonstrate a role for Afadin in supporting the adrenergic response in brown adipocytes and BAT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Lundh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Altıntaş
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Tozzi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Odile Fabre
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tao Ma
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Farnaz Shamsi
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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41
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Zheng T, Ellinghaus D, Juzenas S, Cossais F, Burmeister G, Mayr G, Jørgensen IF, Teder-Laving M, Skogholt AH, Chen S, Strege PR, Ito G, Banasik K, Becker T, Bokelmann F, Brunak S, Buch S, Clausnitzer H, Datz C, Degenhardt F, Doniec M, Erikstrup C, Esko T, Forster M, Frey N, Fritsche LG, Gabrielsen ME, Gräßle T, Gsur A, Gross J, Hampe J, Hendricks A, Hinz S, Hveem K, Jongen J, Junker R, Karlsen TH, Hemmrich-Stanisak G, Kruis W, Kupcinskas J, Laubert T, Rosenstiel PC, Röcken C, Laudes M, Leendertz FH, Lieb W, Limperger V, Margetis N, Mätz-Rensing K, Németh CG, Ness-Jensen E, Nowak-Göttl U, Pandit A, Pedersen OB, Peleikis HG, Peuker K, Rodriguez CL, Rühlemann MC, Schniewind B, Schulzky M, Skieceviciene J, Tepel J, Thomas L, Uellendahl-Werth F, Ullum H, Vogel I, Volzke H, von Fersen L, von Schönfels W, Vanderwerff B, Wilking J, Wittig M, Zeissig S, Zobel M, Zawistowski M, Vacic V, Sazonova O, Noblin ES, Farrugia G, Beyder A, Wedel T, Kahlke V, Schafmayer C, D'Amato M, Franke A. Genome-wide analysis of 944 133 individuals provides insights into the etiology of haemorrhoidal disease. Gut 2021; 70:gutjnl-2020-323868. [PMID: 33888516 PMCID: PMC8292596 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Haemorrhoidal disease (HEM) affects a large and silently suffering fraction of the population but its aetiology, including suspected genetic predisposition, is poorly understood. We report the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis to identify genetic risk factors for HEM to date. DESIGN We conducted a GWAS meta-analysis of 218 920 patients with HEM and 725 213 controls of European ancestry. Using GWAS summary statistics, we performed multiple genetic correlation analyses between HEM and other traits as well as calculated HEM polygenic risk scores (PRS) and evaluated their translational potential in independent datasets. Using functional annotation of GWAS results, we identified HEM candidate genes, which differential expression and coexpression in HEM tissues were evaluated employing RNA-seq analyses. The localisation of expressed proteins at selected loci was investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We demonstrate modest heritability and genetic correlation of HEM with several other diseases from the GI, neuroaffective and cardiovascular domains. HEM PRS validated in 180 435 individuals from independent datasets allowed the identification of those at risk and correlated with younger age of onset and recurrent surgery. We identified 102 independent HEM risk loci harbouring genes whose expression is enriched in blood vessels and GI tissues, and in pathways associated with smooth muscles, epithelial and endothelial development and morphogenesis. Network transcriptomic analyses highlighted HEM gene coexpression modules that are relevant to the development and integrity of the musculoskeletal and epidermal systems, and the organisation of the extracellular matrix. CONCLUSION HEM has a genetic component that predisposes to smooth muscle, epithelial and connective tissue dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenghao Zheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simonas Juzenas
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Science Centre, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - François Cossais
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Greta Burmeister
- Department for General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gabriele Mayr
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Isabella Friis Jørgensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Heidi Skogholt
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sisi Chen
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter R Strege
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Go Ito
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Advanced Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Becker
- Department of General-, Visceral- Transplant-, Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephan Buch
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Clausnitzer
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Thrombosis & Hemostasis Treatment Center, Campus Kiel & Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Datz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Private Medical University of Salzburg, Oberndorf, Austria
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marek Doniec
- Medical office for Colo-Proctology Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lars G Fritsche
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maiken Elvestad Gabrielsen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias Gräßle
- Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Justus Gross
- Department for General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Hendricks
- Department for General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hinz
- Department for General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johannes Jongen
- Department of Proctological Surgery Park Klinik Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Proctological Office Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf Junker
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Thrombosis & Hemostasis Treatment Center, Campus Kiel & Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tom Hemming Karlsen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Georg Hemmrich-Stanisak
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kruis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tilman Laubert
- Department of Proctological Surgery Park Klinik Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Proctological Office Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philip C Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel Campus, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabian H Leendertz
- Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Verena Limperger
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Thrombosis & Hemostasis Treatment Center, Campus Kiel & Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Mätz-Rensing
- Pathology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primatology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Georg Németh
- Department of General-, Visceral- Transplant-, Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Frankfurt Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eivind Ness-Jensen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Ulrike Nowak-Göttl
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Thrombosis & Hemostasis Treatment Center, Campus Kiel & Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Hans Günter Peleikis
- Department of Proctological Surgery Park Klinik Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Proctological Office Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kenneth Peuker
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cristina Leal Rodriguez
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Martin Schulzky
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jurgita Skieceviciene
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jürgen Tepel
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Laurent Thomas
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- BioCore - Bioinformatics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilka Vogel
- Department of Surgery, Community Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Henry Volzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Witigo von Schönfels
- Department of General-, Visceral- Transplant-, Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Brett Vanderwerff
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julia Wilking
- Department for General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Wittig
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Myrko Zobel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Helios Hospital Weißeritztal, Freital, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Arthur Beyder
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thilo Wedel
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Volker Kahlke
- Department of Proctological Surgery Park Klinik Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Proctological Office Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department for General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel Campus, Kiel, Germany
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Montaser H, Patel KA, Balboa D, Ibrahim H, Lithovius V, Näätänen A, Chandra V, Demir K, Acar S, Ben-Omran T, Colclough K, Locke JM, Wakeling M, Lindahl M, Hattersley AT, Saarimäki-Vire J, Otonkoski T. Loss of MANF Causes Childhood-Onset Syndromic Diabetes Due to Increased Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Diabetes 2021; 70:1006-1018. [PMID: 33500254 PMCID: PMC7610619 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein that plays a crucial role in attenuating ER stress responses. Although MANF is indispensable for the survival and function of mouse β-cells, its precise role in human β-cell development and function is unknown. In this study, we show that lack of MANF in humans results in diabetes due to increased ER stress, leading to impaired β-cell function. We identified two patients from different families with childhood diabetes and a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with homozygous loss-of-function mutations in the MANF gene. To study the role of MANF in human β-cell development and function, we knocked out the MANF gene in human embryonic stem cells and differentiated them into pancreatic endocrine cells. Loss of MANF induced mild ER stress and impaired insulin-processing capacity of β-cells in vitro. Upon implantation to immunocompromised mice, the MANF knockout grafts presented elevated ER stress and functional failure, particularly in recipients with diabetes. By describing a new form of monogenic neurodevelopmental diabetes syndrome caused by disturbed ER function, we highlight the importance of adequate ER stress regulation for proper human β-cell function and demonstrate the crucial role of MANF in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Montaser
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kashyap A Patel
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.
| | - Diego Balboa
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hazem Ibrahim
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Väinö Lithovius
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Näätänen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Korcan Demir
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sezer Acar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tawfeg Ben-Omran
- Section of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kevin Colclough
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K
| | - Jonathan M Locke
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Matthew Wakeling
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Maria Lindahl
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Jonna Saarimäki-Vire
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Elzinga SE, Savelieff MG, O'Brien PD, Mendelson FE, Hayes JM, Feldman EL. Sex differences in insulin resistance, but not peripheral neuropathy, in a diet-induced prediabetes mouse model. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048909. [PMID: 33692086 PMCID: PMC8077554 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a common complication of prediabetes and diabetes and is an increasing problem worldwide. Existing PN treatments rely solely on glycemic control, which is effective in type 1 but not type 2 diabetes. Sex differences in response to anti-diabetic drugs further complicate the identification of effective PN therapies. Preclinical research has been primarily carried out in males, highlighting the need for increased sex consideration in PN models. We previously reported PN sex dimorphism in obese leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. This genetic model is inherently limited, however, owing to leptin's role in metabolism. Therefore, the current study goal was to examine PN and insulin resistance in male and female C57BL6/J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), an established murine model of human prediabetes lacking genetic mutations. HFD mice of both sexes underwent longitudinal phenotyping and exhibited expected metabolic and PN dysfunction compared to standard diet (SD)-fed animals. Hindpaw thermal latencies to heat were shorter in HFD females versus HFD males, as well as SD females versus males. Compared to HFD males, female HFD mice exhibited delayed insulin resistance, yet still developed the same trajectory of nerve conduction deficits and intraepidermal nerve fiber density loss. Subtle differences in adipokine levels were also noted by sex and obesity status. Collectively, our results indicate that although females retain early insulin sensitivity upon HFD challenge, this does not protect them from developing the same degree of PN as their male counterparts. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Elzinga
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Masha G. Savelieff
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Phillipe D. O'Brien
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Faye E. Mendelson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John M. Hayes
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Winther SA, Øllgaard JC, Hansen TW, von Scholten BJ, Reinhard H, Ahluwalia TS, Wang Z, Gæde P, Parving HH, Hazen S, Pedersen O, Rossing P. Plasma trimethylamine N-oxide and its metabolic precursors and risk of mortality, cardiovascular and renal disease in individuals with type 2-diabetes and albuminuria. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244402. [PMID: 33657115 PMCID: PMC7928450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) pathway is related to intestinal microbiota and has been associated to risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated associations between four plasma metabolites in the TMAO pathway and risk of all-cause mortality, CVD and deterioration in renal function in individuals with type 2-diabetes (T2D) and albuminuria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma concentrations of TMAO, choline, carnitine, and betaine were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry at baseline in 311 individuals with T2D and albuminuria. Information on all-cause mortality and fatal/non-fatal CVD during follow-up was obtained from registries. The association of each metabolite, and a weighted sum score of all four metabolites, with the endpoints were examined. Serum creatinine was measured at follow-up visits and the renal endpoint was defined as eGFR-decline of ≥30%. Associations were analysed using proportional hazards models adjusted for traditional risk factors. RESULTS Baseline mean(SD) age was 57.2(8.2) years and 75% were males. Follow-up was up to 21.9 years (median (IQR) follow-up 6.8 (6.1-15.5) years for mortality and 6.5 (5.5-8.1) years for CVD events). The individual metabolites and the weighted sum score were not associated with all-cause mortality (n = 106) or CVD (n = 116) (adjusted p≥0.09). Higher choline, carnitine and the weighted sum score of the four metabolites were associated with higher risk of decline in eGFR (n = 106) (adjusted p = 0.001, p = 0.03 and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In individuals with T2D and albuminuria, higher choline, carnitine and a weighted sum of four metabolites from the TMAO pathway were risk markers for deterioration in renal function during long-term follow-up. Metabolites from the TMAO pathway were not independently related to risk of all-cause mortality or CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Abitz Winther
- Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Peter Gæde
- Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
- Univeristy of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Stanley Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Univeristy of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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45
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Marco-Rius I, Wright AJ, Hu DE, Savic D, Miller JJ, Timm KN, Tyler D, Brindle KM, Comment A. Probing hepatic metabolism of [2- 13C]dihydroxyacetone in vivo with 1H-decoupled hyperpolarized 13C-MR. MAGMA 2021; 34:49-56. [PMID: 32910316 PMCID: PMC7910257 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To enhance detection of the products of hyperpolarized [2-13C]dihydroxyacetone metabolism for assessment of three metabolic pathways in the liver in vivo. Hyperpolarized [2-13C]DHAc emerged as a promising substrate to follow gluconeogenesis, glycolysis and the glycerol pathways. However, the use of [2-13C]DHAc in vivo has not taken off because (i) the chemical shift range of [2-13C]DHAc and its metabolic products span over 144 ppm, and (ii) 1H decoupling is required to increase spectral resolution and sensitivity. While these issues are trivial for high-field vertical-bore NMR spectrometers, horizontal-bore small-animal MR scanners are seldom equipped for such experiments. METHODS Real-time hepatic metabolism of three fed mice was probed by 1H-decoupled 13C-MR following injection of hyperpolarized [2-13C]DHAc. The spectra of [2-13C]DHAc and its metabolic products were acquired in a 7 T small-animal MR scanner using three purpose-designed spectral-spatial radiofrequency pulses that excited a spatial bandwidth of 8 mm with varying spectral bandwidths and central frequencies (chemical shifts). RESULTS The metabolic products detected in vivo include glycerol 3-phosphate, glycerol, phosphoenolpyruvate, lactate, alanine, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. The metabolite-to-substrate ratios were comparable to those reported previously in perfused liver. DISCUSSION Three metabolic pathways can be probed simultaneously in the mouse liver in vivo, in real time, using hyperpolarized DHAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Marco-Rius
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alan J Wright
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - De-En Hu
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dragana Savic
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Division of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jack J Miller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Division of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kerstin N Timm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Damian Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Division of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- General Electric Healthcare, Chalfont St Giles, UK
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46
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Ianevski A, Lahtela J, Javarappa KK, Sergeev P, Ghimire BR, Gautam P, Vähä-Koskela M, Turunen L, Linnavirta N, Kuusanmäki H, Kontro M, Porkka K, Heckman CA, Mattila P, Wennerberg K, Giri AK, Aittokallio T. Patient-tailored design for selective co-inhibition of leukemic cell subpopulations. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabe4038. [PMID: 33608276 PMCID: PMC7895436 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extensive drug resistance requires rational approaches to design personalized combinatorial treatments that exploit patient-specific therapeutic vulnerabilities to selectively target disease-driving cell subpopulations. To solve the combinatorial explosion challenge, we implemented an effective machine learning approach that prioritizes patient-customized drug combinations with a desired synergy-efficacy-toxicity balance by combining single-cell RNA sequencing with ex vivo single-agent testing in scarce patient-derived primary cells. When applied to two diagnostic and two refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient cases, each with a different genetic background, we accurately predicted patient-specific combinations that not only resulted in synergistic cancer cell co-inhibition but also were capable of targeting specific AML cell subpopulations that emerge in differing stages of disease pathogenesis or treatment regimens. Our functional precision oncology approach provides an unbiased means for systematic identification of personalized combinatorial regimens that selectively co-inhibit leukemic cells while avoiding inhibition of nonmalignant cells, thereby increasing their likelihood for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Ianevski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT), Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jenni Lahtela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Komal K Javarappa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philipp Sergeev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bishwa R Ghimire
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Prson Gautam
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Vähä-Koskela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Turunen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nora Linnavirta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Kuusanmäki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kontro
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Porkka
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline A Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko Mattila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anil K Giri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT), Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cancer Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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47
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Hynds RE, Frese KK, Pearce DR, Grönroos E, Dive C, Swanton C. Progress towards non-small-cell lung cancer models that represent clinical evolutionary trajectories. Open Biol 2021; 11:200247. [PMID: 33435818 PMCID: PMC7881177 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although advances are being made towards earlier detection and the development of impactful targeted therapies and immunotherapies, the 5-year survival of patients with advanced disease is still below 20%. Effective cancer research relies on pre-clinical model systems that accurately reflect the evolutionary course of disease progression and mimic patient responses to therapy. Here, we review pre-clinical models, including genetically engineered mouse models and patient-derived materials, such as cell lines, primary cell cultures, explant cultures and xenografts, that are currently being used to interrogate NSCLC evolution from pre-invasive disease through locally invasive cancer to the metastatic colonization of distant organ sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Hynds
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Kristopher K. Frese
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | - David R. Pearce
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Grönroos
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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48
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Abstract
Exercise elicits high energy demands, stimulating cardiorespiratory function and substrate mobilisation and oxidation. Repeated bouts of exercise lead to whole-body adaptations, which improve athletic performance. Distinct exercise modalities and intensities and nutritional conditions pose specific physiological challenges, subsequently inducing different adaptations to training. Athletes often modify these variables to achieve individualised training goals and maximise performance. Exercise training improves glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes; however, the precise training regimen that confers the most beneficial metabolic adaptations in this population is unknown. In this review, we discuss how modifying exercise type, intensity and modality and nutritional status affects the beneficial effects of exercise on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Evidence indicates that greater improvements in glycaemic control can be achieved through combined aerobic and resistance training regimens compared with either training type alone. However, the increased frequency of training and a greater number of exercise bouts during combined programmes could be responsible for apparent advantages over a single training modality. The beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on glycaemic control seem to rise with training intensity, with superior adaptations achieved by high-intensity interval training (HIT). In addition, training with low carbohydrate availability ('training low') improves cardiorespiratory function and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity more than conventional training in healthy untrained individuals. Examinations of various training regimens are warranted to assess the safety, efficacy, feasibility and beneficial effects in the type 2 diabetes population. Just like competitive athletes, individuals with type 2 diabetes should be encouraged to adopt training regimens that improve fitness and metabolism. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Savikj
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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49
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Tzarum N, Giang E, Kadam RU, Chen F, Nagy K, Augestad EH, Velázquez-Moctezuma R, Keck ZY, Hua Y, Stanfield RL, Dreux M, Prentoe J, Foung SKH, Bukh J, Wilson IA, Law M. An alternate conformation of HCV E2 neutralizing face as an additional vaccine target. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eabb5642. [PMID: 32754640 PMCID: PMC7380959 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb5642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
To achieve global elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV), an effective cross-genotype vaccine is needed. The HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 is the main target for neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), which aid in HCV clearance and protection. E2 is structurally flexible and functions in engaging host receptors. Many nAbs bind to the "neutralizing face" on E2, including several broadly nAbs encoded by the VH1-69 germline gene family that bind to a similar conformation (A) of this face. Here, a previously unknown conformation (B) of the neutralizing face is revealed in crystal structures of two of four additional E2-VH1-69 nAb complexes. In this conformation, the E2 front-layer region is displaced upon antibody binding, exposing residues in the back layer for direct antibody interaction. This E2 B structure may represent another conformational state in the viral entry process that is susceptible to antibody neutralization and thus provide a new target for rational vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netanel Tzarum
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erick Giang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rameshwar U. Kadam
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kenna Nagy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elias H. Augestad
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo Velázquez-Moctezuma
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhen-Yong Keck
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuanzi Hua
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robyn L. Stanfield
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marlene Dreux
- CIRI, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
| | - Jannick Prentoe
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven K. H. Foung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jens Bukh
- Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.L.); (I.A.W.)
| | - Mansun Law
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.L.); (I.A.W.)
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50
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Guerra J, Valadao AL, Vlachakis D, Polak K, Vila IK, Taffoni C, Prabakaran T, Marriott AS, Kaczmarek R, Houel A, Auzemery B, Déjardin S, Boudinot P, Nawrot B, Jones NJ, Paludan SR, Kossida S, Langevin C, Laguette N. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase produces diadenosine tetraphosphate to curb STING-dependent inflammation. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax3333. [PMID: 32494729 PMCID: PMC7244319 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax3333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential part of immunity against pathogens and tumors but can promote disease if not tightly regulated. Self and non-self-nucleic acids can trigger inflammation, through recognition by the cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthetase (cGAS) and subsequent activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein. Here, we show that RNA:DNA hybrids can be detected by cGAS and that the Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) inhibits STING activation through two complementary mechanisms. First, LysRS interacts with RNA:DNA hybrids, delaying recognition by cGAS and impeding cGAMP production. Second, RNA:DNA hybrids stimulate LysRS-dependent production of diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) that in turn attenuates STING-dependent signaling. We propose a model whereby these mechanisms cooperate to buffer STING activation. Consequently, modulation of the LysRS-Ap4A axis in vitro or in vivo interferes with inflammatory responses. Thus, altogether, we establish LysRS and Ap4A as pharmacological targets to control STING signaling and treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Guerra
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Molecular Basis of Inflammation Laboratory, Montpellier, France
| | - A.-L. Valadao
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Molecular Basis of Inflammation Laboratory, Montpellier, France
| | - D. Vlachakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - K. Polak
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Molecular Basis of Inflammation Laboratory, Montpellier, France
| | - I. K. Vila
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Molecular Basis of Inflammation Laboratory, Montpellier, France
| | - C. Taffoni
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Molecular Basis of Inflammation Laboratory, Montpellier, France
| | - T. Prabakaran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - A. S. Marriott
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4QP, UK
| | - R. Kaczmarek
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - A. Houel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - B. Auzemery
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Molecular Basis of Inflammation Laboratory, Montpellier, France
| | - S. Déjardin
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Molecular Basis of Inflammation Laboratory, Montpellier, France
| | - P. Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - B. Nawrot
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - N. J. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - S. R. Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S. Kossida
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, IMGT, the International ImMunoGeneTics Information System, Montpellier, France
| | - C. Langevin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - N. Laguette
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Molecular Basis of Inflammation Laboratory, Montpellier, France
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