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Vāvere AL, Ghosh A, Amador Diaz V, Clay AJ, Hall PM, Neumann KD. Automated radiosynthesis of [ 18F]DPA-714 on a commercially available IBA Synthera®. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 207:111257. [PMID: 38461627 PMCID: PMC10984111 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to develop a reliable method to produce the well-validated microglial activation PET tracer, [18F]DPA-714, routinely for clinical and preclinical research using an IBA Synthera®. Optimization of literature methods included reduced precursor mass and use of TBA HCO3 as the phase transfer agent in place of Kryptofix® 222 in a 65-min synthesis with an average activity yield of 24.6 ± 3.8% (n = 5). Successful quality control testing and process validation results are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Vāvere
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Victor Amador Diaz
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Allison J Clay
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Peter M Hall
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kiel D Neumann
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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2
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Stone JR, Avants BB, Tustison NJ, Gill J, Wilde EA, Neumann KD, Gladney LA, Kilgore MO, Bowling F, Wilson CM, Detro JF, Belanger HG, Deary K, Linsenbardt H, Ahlers ST. Neurological Effects of Repeated Blast Exposure in Special Operations Personnel. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:942-956. [PMID: 37950709 PMCID: PMC11001960 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to blast overpressure has been a pervasive feature of combat-related injuries. Studies exploring the neurological correlates of repeated low-level blast exposure in career "breachers" demonstrated higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-6 and decreases in IL-10 within brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BDEVs). The current pilot study was initiated in partnership with the U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) to explore whether neuroinflammation is seen within special operators with prior blast exposure. Data were analyzed from 18 service members (SMs), inclusive of 9 blast-exposed special operators with an extensive career history of repeated blast exposures and 9 controls matched by age and duration of service. Neuroinflammation was assessed utilizing positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [18F]DPA-714. Serum was acquired to assess inflammatory biomarkers within whole serum and BDEVs. The Blast Exposure Threshold Survey (BETS) was acquired to determine blast history. Both self-report and neurocognitive measures were acquired to assess cognition. Similarity-driven Multi-view Linear Reconstruction (SiMLR) was used for joint analysis of acquired data. Analysis of BDEVs indicated significant positive associations with a generalized blast exposure value (GBEV) derived from the BETS. SiMLR-based analyses of neuroimaging demonstrated exposure-related relationships between GBEV, PET-neuroinflammation, cortical thickness, and volume loss within special operators. Affected brain networks included regions associated with memory retrieval and executive functioning, as well as visual and heteromodal processing. Post hoc assessments of cognitive measures failed to demonstrate significant associations with GBEV. This emerging evidence suggests neuroinflammation may be a key feature of the brain response to blast exposure over a career in operational personnel. The common thread of neuroinflammation observed in blast-exposed populations requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Stone
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brian B. Avants
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Tustison
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elisabeth A. Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA, Salt Lake City Health Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kiel D. Neumann
- Molecular Imaging Research Hub, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leslie A. Gladney
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Madison O. Kilgore
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - F. Bowling
- U.S. Special Operations Command, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - John F. Detro
- U.S. Special Operations Command, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Heather G. Belanger
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, and Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Cognitive Research Corporation, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Katryna Deary
- U.S. Special Operations Command, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Stephen T. Ahlers
- Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Neumann KD, Broshek DK, Newman BT, Druzgal TJ, Kundu BK, Resch JE. Concussion: Beyond the Cascade. Cells 2023; 12:2128. [PMID: 37681861 PMCID: PMC10487087 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sport concussion affects millions of athletes each year at all levels of sport. Increasing evidence demonstrates clinical and physiological recovery are becoming more divergent definitions, as evidenced by several studies examining blood-based biomarkers of inflammation and imaging studies of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have shown elevated microglial activation in the CNS in active and retired American football players, as well as in active collegiate athletes who were diagnosed with a concussion and returned to sport. These data are supportive of discordance in clinical symptomology and the inflammatory response in the CNS upon symptom resolution. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the understanding of the inflammatory response associated with sport concussion and broader mild traumatic brain injury, as well as provide an outlook for important research questions to better align clinical and physiological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiel D. Neumann
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Donna K. Broshek
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
| | - Benjamin T. Newman
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (B.T.N.); (T.J.D.); (B.K.K.)
| | - T. Jason Druzgal
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (B.T.N.); (T.J.D.); (B.K.K.)
| | - Bijoy K. Kundu
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (B.T.N.); (T.J.D.); (B.K.K.)
| | - Jacob E. Resch
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Neumann KD, Seshadri V, Thompson XD, Broshek DK, Druzgal J, Massey JC, Newman B, Reyes J, Simpson SR, McCauley KS, Patrie J, Stone JR, Kundu BK, Resch JE. Microglial activation persists beyond clinical recovery following sport concussion in collegiate athletes. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1127708. [PMID: 37034078 PMCID: PMC10080132 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1127708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In concussion, clinical and physiological recovery are increasingly recognized as diverging definitions. This study investigated whether central microglial activation persisted in participants with concussion after receiving an unrestricted return-to-play (uRTP) designation using [18F]DPA-714 PET, an in vivo marker of microglia activation. Methods Eight (5 M, 3 F) current athletes with concussion (Group 1) and 10 (5 M, 5 F) healthy collegiate students (Group 2) were enrolled. Group 1 completed a pre-injury (Visit1) screen, follow-up Visit2 within 24 h of a concussion diagnosis, and Visit3 at the time of uRTP. Healthy participants only completed assessments at Visit2 and Visit3. At Visit2, all participants completed a multidimensional battery of tests followed by a blood draw to determine genotype and study inclusion. At Visit3, participants completed a clinical battery of tests, brain MRI, and brain PET; no imaging tests were performed outside of Visit3. Results For Group 1, significant differences were observed between Visits 1 and 2 (p < 0.05) in ImPACT, SCAT5 and SOT performance, but not between Visit1 and Visit3 for standard clinical measures (all p > 0.05), reflecting clinical recovery. Despite achieving clinical recovery, PET imaging at Visit3 revealed consistently higher [18F]DPA-714 tracer distribution volume (VT) of Group 1 compared to Group 2 in 10 brain regions (p < 0.001) analyzed from 164 regions of the whole brain, most notably within the limbic system, dorsal striatum, and medial temporal lobe. No notable differences were observed between clinical measures and VT between Group 1 and Group 2 at Visit3. Discussion Our study is the first to demonstrate persisting microglial activation in active collegiate athletes who were diagnosed with a sport concussion and cleared for uRTP based on a clinical recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiel D Neumann
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Vikram Seshadri
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Xavier D Thompson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Donna K Broshek
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jason Druzgal
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - James C Massey
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Benjamin Newman
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jose Reyes
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Spenser R Simpson
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Katelyenn S McCauley
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - James Patrie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - James R Stone
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Bijoy K Kundu
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jacob E Resch
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Simpson SR, Kesterson AE, Wilde JH, Qureshi Z, Kundu B, Simons MP, Neumann KD. Imaging Diverse Pathogenic Bacteria in vivowith [ 18F]fluoromannitol Positron Emission Tomography. J Nucl Med 2022; 64:809-815. [PMID: 36522188 PMCID: PMC10152124 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Infectious disease remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Of growing concern is the rising incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, derived from various selection pressures. Many of these bacterial infections are hospital-acquired and have prompted the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2019 to reclassify several pathogens as urgent threats, its most perilous assignment. Consequently, there is an urgent need to improve the clinical management of bacterial infection, via new methods to specifically identify bacteria and monitor antibiotic efficacy in vivo. In this report, we developed a novel radiopharmaceutical, [18F]fluoromannitol ([18F]FMtl), which we show is specifically accumulated in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria but not in mammalian cells in vitro or in vivo Methods: Clinical isolates of bacteria were serially obtained from wounds of combat service members for all in vitro and in vivo studies. The quantification of bacterial infection in vivo was performed using Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/CT imaging, and infected tissue was excised to confirm radioactivity counts ex vivo These same tissues were used to confirm the presence of bacteria by extracting and correlating radioactive counts with CFU of bacteria. Results: [18F]FMtl was able to differentiate sterile inflammation from S. aureus and E. coli infections in vivo in a murine myositis model using PET imaging. Our study was extended to a laceration wound model infected with A. baumannii, an important pathogen in the nosocomial and battlefield setting. [18F]FMtl PET could rapidly and specifically detect infections caused by A. baumannii and several other important ESKAPE pathogens. Importantly, [18F]FMtl PET was able to monitor therapeutic efficacy of vancomycin against S. aureus in vivo Principal Conclusions: The ease of production of [18F]FMtl is anticipated to facilitate wide radiopharmaceutical dissemination. Furthermore, the broad sensitivity of [18F]FMtl for bacterial infection in vivo suggests that it is an ideal imaging agent for clinical translation to detect and monitor infections and warrants further studies in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spenser R Simpson
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Alexandria E Kesterson
- Combat Wounds Division, Naval Medical Research Center, U.S. Navy, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Justin H Wilde
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Zoraiz Qureshi
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Bijoy Kundu
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Mark P Simons
- Combat Wounds Division, Naval Medical Research Center, U.S. Navy, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Kiel D Neumann
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee;
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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6
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McCauley KS, Wilde JH, Bufalino SM, Neumann KD. An automated radiosynthesis of [ 18F]DPA-714 on a commercially available radiosynthesizer, Elixys Flex/Chem. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 180:110032. [PMID: 34871885 PMCID: PMC8858596 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.110032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
[18F]DPA-714 is a radiotracer specific to the translocator protein (TSPO) and is useful for in vivo Positron Emission Tomography imaging studies. In this report, we have developed an automated radiosynthesis of [18F]DPA-714 on a commercially-available radiosynthesis platform, which comports with USP <823> guidelines. The wide availability of the radiosynthesis module and ease of dissemination of the production sequence will facilitate preclinical and clinical research of TSPO-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyenn S. McCauley
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Justin H. Wilde
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sophia M. Bufalino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia,
Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kiel D. Neumann
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Emily Couric Clinical Cancer Center, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Sheybani ND, Breza VR, Paul S, McCauley KS, Berr SS, Miller GW, Neumann KD, Price RJ. ImmunoPET-informed sequence for focused ultrasound-targeted mCD47 blockade controls glioma. J Control Release 2021; 331:19-29. [PMID: 33476735 PMCID: PMC7946780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytic immunotherapies such as CD47 blockade have emerged as promising strategies for glioblastoma (GB) therapy, but the blood brain/tumor barriers (BBB/BTB) pose a persistent challenge for mCD47 delivery that can be overcome by focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated BBB/BTB disruption. We here leverage immuno-PET imaging to determine how timing of [89Zr]-mCD47 injection relative to FUS impacts antibody penetrance into orthotopic murine gliomas. We then design and implement a rational paradigm for combining FUS and mCD47 for glioma therapy. We demonstrate that timing of antibody injection relative to FUS BBB/BTB disruption is a critical determinant of mCD47 access, with post-FUS injection conferring superlative antibody delivery to gliomas. We also show that mCD47 delivery across the BBB/BTB with repeat sessions of FUS can significantly constrain tumor outgrowth and extend survival in glioma-bearing mice. This study generates provocative insights for ongoing pre-clinical and clinical evaluations of FUS-mediated antibody delivery to brain tumors. Moreover, our results confirm that mCD47 delivery with FUS is a promising therapeutic strategy for GB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha D Sheybani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America.
| | - Victoria R Breza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America
| | - Soumen Paul
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America
| | - Katelyenn S McCauley
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America
| | - Stuart S Berr
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America
| | - G Wilson Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America
| | - Kiel D Neumann
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America
| | - Richard J Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States of America.
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8
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Neumann KD, Blecha JE, Hayes TR, Huynh T, Chao CK, Guilloteau N, Zinn KR, VanBrocklin HF, Thompson CM, Gerdes JM. Radiosynthesis, ex Vivo Biodistribution, and in Vivo Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Evaluations of [ 11C]2-Pyridinealdoxime Methiodide ([ 11C]2-PAM): A First-In-Class Antidote Tracer for Organophosphate Intoxication. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:3007-3014. [PMID: 30071719 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Pyridinealdoxime methiodide (2-PAM) is a widely used antidote for the treatment of organophosphorus (OP) exposure that reactivates the target protein acetylcholinesterase. Carbon-11 2-PAM was prepared to more fully understand the in vivo mode of action, distribution, and dynamic qualities of this important countermeasure. Alkylation of 2-pyridinealdoxime with [11C]CH3I provided the first-in-class [11C]2-PAM tracer in 3.5% decay corrected radiochemical yield from [11C]CH3I, >99% radiochemical purity, and 4831 Ci/mmol molar activity. [11C]2-PAM tracer distribution was evaluated by ex vivo biodistribution and in vivo dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in naïve (OP exposure deficient) rats. Tracer alone and tracer coinjected with a body mass-scaled human therapeutic dose of 30 mg/kg nonradioactive 2-PAM demonstrated statistically similar tissue and blood distribution profiles with the greatest uptake in kidney and significantly lower levels in liver, heart, and lung with lesser amounts in blood and brain. The imaging and biodistribution data show that radioactivity uptake in brain and peripheral organs is rapid and characterized by differential tissue radioactivity washout profiles. Analysis of arterial blood samples taken 5 min after injection showed ∼82% parent [11C]2-PAM tracer. The imaging and biodistribution data are now established, enabling future comparisons to outcomes acquired in OP intoxicated rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiel D. Neumann
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Joseph E. Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Thomas R. Hayes
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Tony Huynh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Chih-Kai Chao
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Nicolas Guilloteau
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Kurt R. Zinn
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Charles M. Thompson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - John M. Gerdes
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
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Vāvere AL, Neumann KD, Butch ER, Hu B, DiMagno SG, Snyder SE. Improved, one-pot synthesis of 6-[18
F]fluorodopamine and quality control testing for use in patients with neuroblastoma. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:1069-1080. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Vāvere
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis Tennessee USA
| | | | - Elizabeth R. Butch
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis Tennessee USA
| | - Bao Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Stephen G. DiMagno
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Scott E. Snyder
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis Tennessee USA
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10
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Mutch CA, Ordonez AA, Qin H, Parker M, Bambarger LE, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Blecha J, Carroll V, Taglang C, Flavell R, Sriram R, VanBrocklin H, Rosenberg O, Ohliger MA, Jain SK, Neumann KD, Wilson DM. [ 11C]Para-Aminobenzoic Acid: A Positron Emission Tomography Tracer Targeting Bacteria-Specific Metabolism. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1067-1072. [PMID: 29712422 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Imaging studies are frequently used to support the clinical diagnosis of infection. These techniques include computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for structural information and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) for metabolic data. However, frequently, there is significant overlap in the imaging appearance of infectious and noninfectious entities using these tools. To address this concern, recent approaches have targeted bacteria-specific metabolic pathways. For example, radiolabeled sugars derived from sorbitol and maltose have been investigated as PET radiotracers, since these are efficiently incorporated into bacteria but are poor substrates for mammalian cells. We have previously shown that para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is an excellent candidate for development as a bacteria-specific imaging tracer as it is rapidly accumulated by a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including metabolically quiescent bacteria and clinical strains, but not by mammalian cells. Therefore, in this study, we developed an efficient radiosynthesis for [11C]PABA, investigated its accumulation into Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus laboratory strains in vitro, and showed that it can distinguish between infection and sterile inflammation in a murine model of acute bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Mutch
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Alvaro A. Ordonez
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Hecong Qin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Matthew Parker
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Lauren E. Bambarger
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Javier E. Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Joseph Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Valerie Carroll
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Celine Taglang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Robert Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Henry VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Oren Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Radiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Sanjay K. Jain
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Kiel D. Neumann
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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11
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Jordan CD, Han M, Kondapavulur S, Vera DB, Neumann KD, Moore T, Stillson C, Krug R, Behr S, Seo Y, VanBrocklin HF, Larson PEZ, Wilson M, Martin AJ, Hetts SW. Quantification of 89 Zr-Iron oxide nanoparticle biodistribution using PET-MR and ultrashort TE sequences. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:1717-1720. [PMID: 29761624 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D Jordan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Misung Han
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sravani Kondapavulur
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Denis Beckford Vera
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kiel D Neumann
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Teri Moore
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Carol Stillson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Roland Krug
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Spencer Behr
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alastair J Martin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Steven W Hetts
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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12
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Kondapavulur S, Cote AM, Neumann KD, Jordan CD, McCoy D, Mabray MC, Liu D, Sze CH, Gautam A, VanBrocklin HF, Wilson M, Hetts SW. Optimization of an endovascular magnetic filter for maximized capture of magnetic nanoparticles. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 18:109. [PMID: 27830455 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To computationally optimize the design of an endovascular magnetic filtration device that binds iron oxide nanoparticles and to validate simulations with experimental results of prototype devices in physiologic flow testing. Three-dimensional computational models of different endovascular magnetic filter devices assessed magnetic particle capture. We simulated a series of cylindrical neodymium N52 magnets and capture of 1500 iron oxide nanoparticles infused in a simulated 14 mm-diameter vessel. Device parameters varied included: magnetization orientation (across the diameter, "D", along the length, "L", of the filter), magnet outer diameter (3, 4, 5 mm), magnet length (5, 10 mm), and spacing between magnets (1, 3 mm). Top designs were tested in vitro using 89Zr-radiolabeled iron oxide nanoparticles and gamma counting both in continuous and multiple pass flow model. Computationally, "D" magnetized devices had greater capture than "L" magnetized devices. Increasing outer diameter of magnets increased particle capture as follows: "D" designs, 3 mm: 12.8-13.6 %, 4 mm: 16.6-17.6 %, 5 mm: 21.8-24.6 %; "L" designs, 3 mm: 5.6-10 %, 4 mm: 9.4-15.8 %, 5 mm: 14.8-21.2 %. In vitro, while there was significant capture by all device designs, with most capturing 87-93 % within the first two minutes, compared to control non-magnetic devices, there was no significant difference in particle capture with the parameters varied. The computational study predicts that endovascular magnetic filters demonstrate maximum particle capture with "D" magnetization. In vitro flow testing demonstrated no difference in capture with varied parameters. Clinically, "D" magnetized devices would be most practical, sized as large as possible without causing intravascular flow obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravani Kondapavulur
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andre M Cote
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - Kiel D Neumann
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - Caroline D Jordan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - David McCoy
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - Marc C Mabray
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - Derek Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chia-Hung Sze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - Ayushi Gautam
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - Mark Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - Steven W Hetts
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, L-351, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA.
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13
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Neumann KD, Thompson CM, Blecha JE, Gerdes JM, VanBrocklin HF. An improved radiosynthesis of O-(2-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl)-O-(p-nitrophenyl)methylphosphonate: A first-in-class cholinesterase PET tracer. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:337-342. [PMID: 28406525 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
O-(2-Fluoroethyl)-O-(p-nitrophenyl) methylphosphonate 1 is an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that creates a phosphonyl-serine covalent adduct at the enzyme active site blocking cholinesterase activity in vivo. The corresponding radiolabeled O-(2-[18 F]fluoroethyl)-O-(p-nitrophenyl) methylphosphonate, [18 F]1, has been previously prepared and found to be an excellent positron emission tomography imaging tracer for assessment of cholinesterases in live brain, peripheral tissues, and blood. However, the previously reported [18 F]1 tracer synthesis was slow even with microwave acceleration, required high-performance liquid chromatography separation of the tracer from impurities, and gave less optimal radiochemical yields. In this paper, we report a new synthetic approach to circumvent these shortcomings that is reliant on the facile reactivity of bis-(O,O-p-nitrophenyl) methylphosphonate, 2, with 2-fluoroethanol in the presence of DBU. The cold synthesis was successfully translated to provide a more robust radiosynthesis. Using this new strategy, the desired tracer, [18 F]1, was obtained in a non-decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 8 ± 2% (n = 7) in >99% radiochemical and >95% chemical purity with a specific activity of 3174 ± 345 Ci/mmol (EOS). This new facile radiosynthesis routinely affords highly pure quantities of [18 F]1, which will further enable tracer development of OP cholinesterase inhibitors and their evaluation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiel D Neumann
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles M Thompson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John M Gerdes
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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14
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Neumann KD, Qin L, Vāvere AL, Shen B, Miao Z, Chin FT, Shulkin BL, Snyder SE, DiMagno SG. Efficient automated syntheses of high specific activity 6-[18F]fluorodopamine using a diaryliodonium salt precursor. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:30-4. [PMID: 26695865 PMCID: PMC4715522 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
6-[(18)F]Fluorodopamine (6-[(18) F]F-DA) is a positron emission tomography radiopharmaceutical used to image sympathetic cardiac innervation and neuroendocrine tumors. Imaging with 6-[(18)F]F-DA is constrained, in part, by the bioactivity and neurotoxicity of 6-[(19)F]fluorodopamine. Furthermore, routine access to this radiotracer is limited by the inherent difficulty of incorporation of [(18)F]fluoride into electron-rich aromatic substrates. We describe the simple and direct preparation of high specific activity (SA) 6-[(18)F]F-DA from no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) [(18)F]fluoride. Incorporation of n.c.a. [(18)F]fluoride into a diaryliodonium salt precursor was achieved in 50-75% radiochemical yields (decay corrected to end of bombardment). Synthesis of 6-[(18)F]F-DA on the IBA Synthera® and GE TRACERlab FX-FN automated platforms gave 6-[(18)F]F-DA in >99% chemical and radiochemical purities after HPLC purification. The final non-corrected yields of 6-[(18)F]F-DA were 25 ± 4% (n = 4, 65 min) and 31 ± 6% (n = 3, 75 min) using the Synthera and TRACERlab modules, respectively. Efficient access to high SA 6-[(18)F]F-DA from a diaryliodonium salt precursor and n.c.a. [(18)F]fluoride is provided by a relatively subtle change in reaction conditions - replacement of a polar aprotic solvent (acetonitrile) with a relatively nonpolar solvent (toluene) during the critical radiofluorination reaction. Implementation of this process on common radiochemistry platforms should make 6-[(18)F]F-DA readily available to the wider imaging community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiel D. Neumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Linlin Qin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Amy L. Vāvere
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Zheng Miao
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Frederick T. Chin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Barry L. Shulkin
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Scott E. Snyder
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Stephen G. DiMagno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
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15
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Hu B, Va̅vere AL, Neumann KD, Shulkin BL, DiMagno SG, Snyder SE. A practical, automated synthesis of meta-[(18)F]fluorobenzylguanidine for clinical use. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1870-9. [PMID: 26313342 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many neuroendocrine tumors, such as neuroblastoma (NB), arise from neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system. This nerve-like phenotype has been exploited for functional imaging using radioactive probes originally designed for neuronal and adrenal medullary applications. NB imaging with meta-[(123)I]iodobenzylguanidine ([(123)I]MIBG) is limited by the emissions of (123)I, which lead to poor image resolution and challenges in quantification of its accumulation in tumors. meta-[(18)F]Fluorobenzylguanidine ([(18)F]MFBG) is a promising alternative to [(123)I]MIBG that could change the standard of practice for imaging neuroendocrine tumors, but interest in this PET radiotracer has suffered due to its complex and inefficient radiosynthesis. Here we report a two-step, automated method for the routine production of [(18)F]MFBG by thermolysis of a diaryliodonium fluoride and subsequent acid deprotection. The synthesis was adapted for use on a commercially available synthesizer for routine production. Full characterization of [(18)F]MFBG produced by this route demonstrated the tracer's suitability for human use. [(18)F]MFBG was prepared in almost 3-fold higher yield than previously reported (31% corrected to end of bombardment, n = 9) in a synthesis time of 56 min with >99.9% radiochemical purity. Other than pH adjustment and dilution of the final product, no reformulation was necessary after purification. This method permits the automated production of multidose batches of clinical grade [(18)F]MFBG. Moreover, if ongoing clinical imaging trials of [(18)F]MFBG are successful, this methodology is suitable for rapid commercialization and can be easily adapted for use on most commercial automated radiosynthesis equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Amy L. Va̅vere
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Kiel D. Neumann
- Ground Fluor Pharmaceuticals, Lincoln, Nebraska 68503, United States
| | - Barry L. Shulkin
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Stephen G. DiMagno
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Scott E. Snyder
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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16
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Qin L, Hu B, Neumann KD, Linstad EJ, McCauley K, Veness J, Kempinger JJ, DiMagno SG. A Mild and General One-Pot Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Diaryliodonium Salts. European J Org Chem 2015; 2015:5919-5924. [PMID: 27065751 PMCID: PMC4824678 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diaryliodonium salts are powerful and widely used arylating agents in organic chemistry. Here we report a scalable, synthesis of densely functionalized diaryliodonium salts from aryl iodides under mild conditions. This two-step, one-pot process has remarkable functional group tolerance, is compatible with commonly employed acid-labile protective group strategies, avoids heavy metal and transition metal reagents, and provides a direct route to stable precursors to PET imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Qin
- Department of Chemistry & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304 (USA), http://chem.unl.edu/dimagno-group
| | - Bao Hu
- Department of Chemistry & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304 (USA), http://chem.unl.edu/dimagno-group
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014 (China)
| | - Kiel D. Neumann
- Department of Chemistry & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304 (USA), http://chem.unl.edu/dimagno-group
| | - Ethan J. Linstad
- Department of Chemistry & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304 (USA), http://chem.unl.edu/dimagno-group
| | - Katelyenn McCauley
- Department of Chemistry & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304 (USA), http://chem.unl.edu/dimagno-group
| | - Jordan Veness
- Department of Chemistry & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304 (USA), http://chem.unl.edu/dimagno-group
| | - Jayson J. Kempinger
- Department of Chemistry & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304 (USA), http://chem.unl.edu/dimagno-group
| | - Stephen G. DiMagno
- Department of Chemistry & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304 (USA), http://chem.unl.edu/dimagno-group
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17
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Abstract
Iodoarenes are important synthons for a wide range of organic transformations. Here we report a general strategy to prepare singly iodinated electron-rich aromatic compounds through the intermediacy of diaryliodonium salts. This process, which incorporates a phase separation that greatly simplifies product purification, is an attractive replacement for the Sandmeyer approach to iodoarenes that are otherwise difficult to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304 (USA); Institute of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014 (China)
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18
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Kuik WJ, Kema IP, Brouwers AH, Zijlma R, Neumann KD, Dierckx RAJO, DiMagno SG, Elsinga PH. In vivo biodistribution of no-carrier-added 6-18F-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (18F-DOPA), produced by a new nucleophilic substitution approach, compared with carrier-added 18F-DOPA, prepared by conventional electrophilic substitution. J Nucl Med 2014; 56:106-12. [PMID: 25500826 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.145730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A novel synthetic approach to 6-(18)F-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine ((18)F-DOPA), involving the nucleophilic substitution of a diaryliodonium salt precursor with non-carrier-added (18)F-fluoride, yielded a product with a specific activity that was 3 orders of magnitude higher than the product of the conventional synthesis method, involving an electrophilic substitution of a trialkylstannane precursor with (18)F2. We performed a direct comparison of high- and low-specific-activity (18)F-DOPA in a neuroendocrine tumor model to determine whether this difference in specific activity has implications for the biologic behavior and imaging properties of (18)F-DOPA. METHODS (18)F-DOPA was produced via the novel synthesis method, yielding (18)F-DOPA-H with a high specific activity (35,050 ± 4,000 GBq/mmol). This product was compared in several experiments with conventional (18)F-DOPA-L with a low specific activity (11 ± 2 GBq/mmol). In vitro accumulation experiments with the human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cell line BON-1 were performed at both 0 °C and 37 °C and at 37 °C in the presence of pharmacologic inhibitors of proteins involved in the uptake mechanism of (18)F-DOPA. Small-animal PET experiments were performed in athymic nude mice bearing a BON-1 tumor xenograft. RESULTS At 37 °C, the uptake of both (18)F-DOPA-H and (18)F-DOPA-L did not differ significantly during a 60-min accumulation experiment in BON-1 cells. At 0 °C, the uptake of (18)F-DOPA-L was significantly decreased, whereas the lower temperature did not alter the uptake of (18)F-DOPA-H. The pharmacologic inhibitors carbidopa and tetrabenazine also revealed differential effects between the 2 types of (18)F-DOPA in the 60-min accumulation experiment. The small-animal PET experiments did not show any significant differences in distribution and metabolism of (18)F-DOPA-H and (18)F-DOPA-L in carbidopa-pretreated mice. CONCLUSION The advantages of the novel synthesis of (18)F-DOPA, which relies on nucleophilic fluorination of a diaryliodonium salt precursor, lie in the simplicity of the synthesis method, compared with the conventional, electrophilic approach and in the reduced mass of administered, pharmacologically active (19)F-DOPA. (18)F-DOPA-H demonstrated comparable imaging properties in an in vivo model for neuroendocrine tumors, despite the fact that the injected mass of material was 3 orders of magnitude less than (18)F-DOPA-L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem-Jan Kuik
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrienne H Brouwers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Zijlma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kiel D Neumann
- Ground Fluor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lincoln, Nebraska; and
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Graskemper JW, Wang B, Qin L, Neumann KD, DiMagno SG. Unprecedented directing group ability of cyclophanes in arene fluorinations with diaryliodonium salts. Org Lett 2011; 13:3158-61. [PMID: 21591627 DOI: 10.1021/ol201080c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For the first time it is shown that exceptionally electron-rich arene rings can be fluorinated exclusively during the reductive elimination reactions of diaryliodonium fluorides. The 5-methoxy[2.2]paracyclophan-4-yl directing group simultaneously reduces unproductive aryne chemistry and eliminates ligand exchange reactions by a combination of steric and electronic effects. Use of the cyclophane directing group permits an unprecedented degree of control in fluorination reactions of diaryliodonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Graskemper
- Department of Chemistry and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, USA
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20
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Abstract
The use of low polarity aromatic solvents (benzene or toluene) and/or the removal of inorganic salts results in dramatically improved yields of fluorinated arenes from diaryliodonium salts. This methodology is shown to "scale down" to the conditions used typically for radiotracer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijia Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, USA
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21
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Lange S, Braun HP, Neumann KD, Schaller K. [Possibilities and limitations in the pulse frequency measurement by the patient during rehabilitation after myocardial infarct]. Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena) 1976; 70:1275-6. [PMID: 1020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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