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Rosiou K, Ong Ming San E, Kumar A, Esquivel K, Almas S, Stokes D, Ng T, Jayasooriya N, Ranasinghe I, Pollok R, Brookes M, Selinger CP. Comparative Outcomes of Budesonide MMX versus Prednisolone for Ulcerative Colitis: Results from a British Retrospective Multi-Centre Real-World Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194329. [PMID: 34640345 PMCID: PMC8509767 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic many IBD units chose Budesonide MMX (Cortiment) as the first-line treatment for flares of ulcerative colitis (UC) in outpatients for its favourable side effect profile. This retrospective study of all UC patients treated with oral steroids between 1 March 2019–30 June 2019 and 1 March 2020–30 June 2020 aimed to compare Cortiment with Prednisolone in routine clinical practice. Outcomes included the need for hospitalisation for acute severe ulcerative colitis, symptoms at four weeks and end of treatment, and the need for rescue Prednisolone. The 2019 and 2020 cohorts did not differ at the baseline. Cortiment prescriptions rose from 24.5% in 2019 to 70.1% in 2020 (p < 0.001). At week four there were significant differences between 2019 and 2020 in mean bowel frequency (3.49 vs. 5.85, p = 0.001), rectal bleeding <50% (89.7% vs. 73.1% of patients, p = 0.039), and physician global assessment (PGA) (39.2% vs. 19.8% in remission, p = 0.045). There was no significant difference in hospital admissions, rectal bleeding, and PGA at week eight. Rescue Prednisolone was required in 10% of Cortiment patients in 2019 vs. 31.3% in 2020 (p = 0.058). Active IBD is associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes prompting the careful evaluation of the choice of first-line steroid for UC, as Cortiment was associated with worse outcomes at four weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Rosiou
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (K.R.); (E.O.M.S.)
| | - Elaine Ong Ming San
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (K.R.); (E.O.M.S.)
| | - Aditi Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospital, Wolverhampton WV10 0QP, UK; (A.K.); (K.E.); (S.A.); (D.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Kim Esquivel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospital, Wolverhampton WV10 0QP, UK; (A.K.); (K.E.); (S.A.); (D.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Saima Almas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospital, Wolverhampton WV10 0QP, UK; (A.K.); (K.E.); (S.A.); (D.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Daniel Stokes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospital, Wolverhampton WV10 0QP, UK; (A.K.); (K.E.); (S.A.); (D.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Tze Ng
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Georges Hospital, London SW17 0QT, UK; (T.N.); (N.J.); (I.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Nishani Jayasooriya
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Georges Hospital, London SW17 0QT, UK; (T.N.); (N.J.); (I.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Ian Ranasinghe
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Georges Hospital, London SW17 0QT, UK; (T.N.); (N.J.); (I.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Richard Pollok
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Georges Hospital, London SW17 0QT, UK; (T.N.); (N.J.); (I.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Matthew Brookes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospital, Wolverhampton WV10 0QP, UK; (A.K.); (K.E.); (S.A.); (D.S.); (M.B.)
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science (RIHS), University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Christian P. Selinger
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (K.R.); (E.O.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-113-206-8768
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Rosales A, Ortiz-Frade L, Medina-Ramirez IE, Godínez LA, Esquivel K. Self-cleaning of SiO 2-TiO 2 coating: Effect of sonochemical synthetic parameters on the morphological, mechanical, and photocatalytic properties of the films. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 73:105483. [PMID: 33571939 PMCID: PMC7872889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Among the different properties of the hydrophobic semiconductor surfaces, self-cleaning promoted by solar illumination is probably one of the most attractive from the technological point of view. The use of sonochemistry for nanomaterials' synthesis has been recently employed for the associated shorter reaction times and efficient route for control over crystal growth and the management of the resulting material's photocatalytic properties. Moreover, the sol-gel method coupled to sonochemistry modifies the chemical environment, with reactive species such as •OH and H2O2, which yield a homogeneous synthesis. Therefore, in the following investigation, the sol-gel method was coupled to sonochemistry to synthesize a SiO2@TiO2 composite, for which the sonochemical amplitude of irradiation was varied to determine its effect on the morphology and mechanical and self-cleaning properties. SEM and AFM characterized the samples of SiO2@TiO2 composite, and while the micrographs indicate that a high ultrasonic energy results in an amorphous SiO2@TiO2 composite with a low rugosity, which was affected in the determination of the contact angle on the surface. On the other hand, FTIR analysis suggests a significant change in both SiO2-SiO and SiO2-TiO2 chemical bonds with changes in vibrations and frequency, corroborating an important influence of the sonochemical energy contribution to the hydrolysis process. Raman spectroscopy confirms the presence of an amorphous phase of silicon dioxide; however, the vibrations of TiO2 were not visible. The evaluation of hydrophobic and self-cleaning properties shows a maximum of ultrasonic energy needed to improve the contact angle and rhodamine B (RhB) removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rosales
- Graduate and Research Division, Engineering Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Querétro, Mexico
| | - L Ortiz-Frade
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C. Parque, Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo 76703, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Iliana E Medina-Ramirez
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad No. 94, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131 Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | - Luis A Godínez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C. Parque, Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo 76703, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - K Esquivel
- Graduate and Research Division, Engineering Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Querétro, Mexico.
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de Santiago Colín DM, Martínez-Chávez L, Cuán Á, Elizalde-Peña EA, Rivera JA, Guzmán C, Escobar-Alarcón L, Esquivel K. Sonochemical coupled synthesis of Cr-TiO2 supported on Fe3O4 structures and chemical simulation of the degradation mechanism of Malachite Green dye. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Rodríguez-Méndez A, Guzmán C, Elizalde-Peña EA, Escobar-Alarcón L, Vega M, Alvarado Rivera J, Esquivel K. Effluent Disinfection of Real Wastewater by Ag–TiO₂ Nanoparticles Photocatalysis. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2017; 17:711-719. [PMID: 29633809 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2017.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently pathogen microorganisms, presents in wastewater, are more resistant to conventional disinfection process, due to its constant change induced for the antibiotic for human diseases. One of the new options for the pathogen microorganisms is the heterogeneous photocatalysis, which has been used for remove microorganism, but never in real wastewater effluent. This paper shown the synthesis of Ag–TiO₂ nanoparticles, its physical characterization was carried out by TEM, SEM, S-BET, XPS and band gap measurement by UV-vis spectroscopy showing that Ag–TiO₂ are spherical particles with sizes around 50 nm with 1 and 10 %w of Ag, and a significant decrease in the band gap. The disinfection system was illuminated using the solar radiation of a spring day at Querétaro, Mexico, in lapses from 11:00 am to 03:00 pm; the microbiological tests were performed according to the Official Mexican Norm (NOM-003-SEMARNAT-1996), the results shows that after 3 hours of solar photocatalysis disinfection process the material 1 %w Ag–TiO₂ at 0.2 gL⁻¹, removes the fecal and total coliform microorganisms from effluent, leaving Enterobacter, Escherichia, Citrobacter, Salmonella and Klebsiella microorganisms alive due to its capability of reactivation.
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Esquivel K, Arriaga LG, Rodríguez FJ, Martínez L, Godínez LA. Development of a TiO2 modified optical fiber electrode and its incorporation into a photoelectrochemical reactor for wastewater treatment. Water Res 2009; 43:3593-603. [PMID: 19560182 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are used to chemically burn non biodegradable complex organic compounds that are present in polluted effluents. A common approach involves the use of TiO2 semiconductor substrates as either photocatalytic or photoelectrocatalytic materials in reactors that produce a powerful oxidant (hydroxyl radical) that reacts with pollutant species. In this context, the purpose of this work is to develop a new TiO2 based photoanode using an optic fiber support. The novel arrangement of a TiO2 layer positioned on top of a surface modified optical fiber substrate, allowed the construction of a photoelectrochemical reactor that works on the basis of an internally illuminated approach. In this way, a semi-conductive optical fiber modified surface was prepared using 30 microm thickness SnO2:Sb films on which the photoactive TiO2 layer was electrophoretically deposited. UV light transmission experiments were conducted to evaluate the transmittance along the optical fiber covered with SnO2:Sb and TiO2 showing that 43% of UV light reached the optical fiber tip. With different illumination configurations (external or internal), it was possible to get an increase in the amount of photo-generated H(2)O(2) close to 50% as compared to different types of TiO2 films. Finally, the electro-Fenton photoelectrocatalytic Oxidation process studied in this work was able to achieve total color removal of Azo orange II dye (15 mg L(-1)) and a 57% removal of total organic carbon (TOC) within 60 min of degradation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Esquivel
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Electrochemistry Department, S.C. Parque, Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo 76703, Querétaro, México
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Pruneda E, Peralta-Hernández J, Esquivel K, Lee S, Godínez L, Mendoza S. Water Vapor Permeability, Mechanical Properties and Antioxidant Effect of Mexican Oregano-Soy Based Edible Films. J Food Sci 2008; 73:C488-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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