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Kämpe A, Suvisaari J, Lähteenvuo M, Singh T, Ahola-Olli A, Urpa L, Haaki W, Hietala J, Isometsä E, Jukuri T, Kampman O, Kieseppä T, Lahdensuo K, Lönnqvist J, Männynsalo T, Paunio T, Niemi-Pynttäri J, Suokas K, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Veijola J, Wegelius A, Daly M, Taylor J, Kendler KS, Palotie A, Pietiläinen O. Genetic contribution to disease-course severity and progression in the SUPER-Finland study, a cohort of 10,403 individuals with psychotic disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02516-6. [PMID: 38556557 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Genetic factors contribute to the susceptibility of psychotic disorders, but less is known how they affect psychotic disease-course development. Utilizing polygenic scores (PGSs) in combination with longitudinal healthcare data with decades of follow-up we investigated the contributing genetics to psychotic disease-course severity and diagnostic shifts in the SUPER-Finland study, encompassing 10 403 genotyped individuals with a psychotic disorder. To longitudinally track the study participants' past disease-course severity, we created a psychiatric hospitalization burden metric using the full-coverage and nation-wide Finnish in-hospital registry (data from 1969 and onwards). Using a hierarchical model, ranking the psychotic diagnoses according to clinical severity, we show that high schizophrenia PGS (SZ-PGS) was associated with progression from lower ranked psychotic disorders to schizophrenia (OR = 1.32 [1.23-1.43], p = 1.26e-12). This development manifested already at psychotic illness onset as a higher psychiatric hospitalization burden, the proxy for disease-course severity. In schizophrenia (n = 5 479), both a high SZ-PGS and a low educational attainment PGS (EA-PGS) were associated with increased psychiatric hospitalization burden (p = 1.00e-04 and p = 4.53e-10). The SZ-PGS and the EA-PGS associated with distinct patterns of hospital usage. In individuals with high SZ-PGS, the increased hospitalization burden was composed of longer individual hospital stays, while low EA-PGS associated with shorter but more frequent hospital visits. The negative effect of a low EA-PGS was found to be partly mediated via substance use disorder, a major risk factor for hospitalizations. In conclusion, we show that high SZ-PGS and low EA-PGS both impacted psychotic disease-course development negatively but resulted in different disease-course trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Kämpe
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and surgery (MMK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland School of Medicine, Niuvanniemi hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarjinder Singh
- Broad Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ari Ahola-Olli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lea Urpa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willehard Haaki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Erkki Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Jukuri
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Kampman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, The Wellbeing Services County of Ostrobothnia, Ostrobothnia, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Kieseppä
- Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Männynsalo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Niemi-Pynttäri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Suokas
- Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Asko Wegelius
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute Harvard, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Taylor
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
- Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Broad Institute, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Holm M, Suokas K, Liukko E, Lindgren M, Näätänen P, Kärkkäinen J, Salokangas RKR, Suvisaari J. Enhancing identification of nonaffective psychosis in register-based studies. Schizophrenia (Heidelb) 2024; 10:20. [PMID: 38374191 PMCID: PMC10876989 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The Finnish Quality of Psychosis Care Register assesses nonaffective psychosis (NAP) care, acknowledging treatment outside specialized psychiatric services. This approach, while providing a holistic view, raises concerns about diagnostic inaccuracies. Here, we studied situations where the register-based diagnosis might be inaccurate, and whether the first episode can be reliably identified using a 14-year wash-out period. People with first register-based NAP (ICD-10 F20-F29) between years 2010 and 2018 and without NAP diagnoses in 1996-2009 were identified from the Care Register for Health Care. A diagnosis of NAP was deemed unreliable before age 7, when dementia preceded NAP diagnosis, and when a NAP diagnosis had been assigned at admission or during psychiatric hospitalization but was not confirmed by discharge diagnosis. Despite a 14-year follow-back the first register diagnosis may miss the first treatment episode in older patients. Register-based studies on psychotic disorders should pay attention to exclusion criteria and to the definition of treatment onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Holm
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Equality Unit, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kimmo Suokas
- Finnish Psychiatric Association, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emmi Liukko
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Data and Analytics Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Lindgren
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Equality Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Näätänen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Kärkkäinen
- County of Satakunta, Psychiatry of Wellbeing services, Satakunta, Finland
| | | | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Equality Unit, Helsinki, Finland
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Suokas K, Kurkela O, Nevalainen J, Suvisaari J, Hakulinen C, Kampman O, Pirkola S. Geographical variation in treated psychotic and other mental disorders in Finland by region and urbanicity. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:37-49. [PMID: 37308692 PMCID: PMC10799825 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In Finland, prevalence of schizophrenia is higher in the eastern and northern regions and co-occurs with the distribution of schizophrenia polygenic risk scores. Both genetic and environmental factors have been hypothesized to contribute to this variation. We aimed to examine the prevalence of psychotic and other mental disorders by region and degree of urbanicity, and the impacts of socio-economic adjustments on these associations. METHODS Nationwide population registers from 2011 to 2017 and healthcare registers from 1975 to 2017. We used 19 administrative and three aggregate regions based on the distribution of schizophrenia polygenic risk scores, and a seven-level urban-rural classification. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated by Poisson regression models and adjusted for gender, age, and calendar year (basic adjustments), and Finnish origin, residential history, urbanicity, household income, economic activity, and physical comorbidity (additional adjustments) on an individual level. Average marginal effects were used to visualize interaction effects between region and urbanicity. RESULTS A total of 5,898,180 individuals were observed. All mental disorders were slightly more prevalent (PR 1.03 [95% CI, 1.02-1.03]), and psychotic disorders (1.11 [1.10-1.12]) and schizophrenia (1.19 [1.17-1.21]) considerably more prevalent in eastern and northern than in western coastal regions. After the additional adjustments, however, the PRs were 0.95 (0.95-0.96), 1.00 (0.99-1.01), and 1.03 (1.02-1.04), respectively. Urban residence was associated with increased prevalence of psychotic disorders across all regions (adjusted PR 1.21 [1.20-1.22]). CONCLUSION After adjusting for socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors, the within-country distribution of mental disorders no longer followed the traditional east-west gradient. Urban-rural differences, on the other hand, persisted after the adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Suokas
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland, Arvo Ylpön katu 34 (Arvo 1), 33014.
| | - Olli Kurkela
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland, Arvo Ylpön katu 34 (Arvo 1), 33014
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Jaakko Nevalainen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland, Arvo Ylpön katu 34 (Arvo 1), 33014
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health and Social Care Systems, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kampman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, The Pirkanmaa Wellbeing Services County, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine (Psychiatry), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, The Wellbeing Services County of Ostrobothnia, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Sami Pirkola
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland, Arvo Ylpön katu 34 (Arvo 1), 33014
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Karolaakso T, Autio R, Suontausta P, Leppänen H, Suokas K, Rissanen P, Tuomisto MT, Pirkola S. Patterns of mental health services and mood disorder disability pensions: a standard comparison of Finland's three largest hospital districts. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:828. [PMID: 37957646 PMCID: PMC10644417 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental disorders are one of the most common and disabling health conditions worldwide. There is however no consensus on the best practice of system level mental health services (MHS) provision, in order to prevent e.g. mood disorder disability pensions (DPs). We analyzed the MHS provision between Finland's three largest hospital districts Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS), Southwest Finland and Pirkanmaa, with known differences in mood disorder DP risk but presumably equal rates of mood disorder prevalence. METHODS We used public MHS data analyzed with the standardized DEscription and Evaluation of Services and DirectoriEs for Long Term Care (DESDE-LTC) mapping tool, focusing on all MHS, outpatient care provision, local services without and with gatekeeping, and centralized services. We also collected demographic data based on the European Socio-Demographic Schedule (ESDS). As a novel approach, the Gini-Simpson Diversity Index (GSDI) was calculated for the districts. RESULTS Evident differences were observed regarding the districts' MHS factors. As the hospital district with lower DP risk, HUS was characterized by the highest level of regional socioeconomic prosperity as well as high service richness and diversity. With a nationally average DP risk, Southwest Finland had the highest number of MHS personnel in full-time equivalents (FTE) per 100 000 inhabitants. Pirkanmaa, with a higher DP risk, had overall the lowest service richness and the lowest FTE of the three districts in all MHS, outpatient care and local services with gatekeeping. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that greater richness and diversity of MHS, especially in outpatient and community-based settings, may serve as indicators of a balanced, high-quality service system that is more effective in preventing mood disorder DP and meeting the different needs of the population. In addition, the need for sufficient resourcing in all MHS and outpatient services is indicated. We suggest using diversity indices to complement the measuring and reporting of regional service variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Karolaakso
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Psychology), Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere, FI- 33520, Finland.
- Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Reija Autio
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Unit of Health Sciences), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Petra Suontausta
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Unit of Health Sciences), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Helena Leppänen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kimmo Suokas
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Unit of Health Sciences), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi Rissanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Unit of Health Sciences), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Martti T Tuomisto
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Psychology), Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere, FI- 33520, Finland
| | - Sami Pirkola
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Unit of Health Sciences), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Weckström T, Elovainio M, Pulkki-Råback L, Suokas K, Komulainen K, Mullola S, Böckerman P, Hakulinen C. School achievement in adolescence and the risk of mental disorders in early adulthood: a Finnish nationwide register study. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3104-3110. [PMID: 37131077 PMCID: PMC10615737 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
School grades in adolescence have been linked to later psychiatric outcomes, but large-scale nationwide studies across the spectrum of mental disorders are scarce. In the present study, we examined the risk of a wide array of mental disorders in adulthood, as well as the risk of comorbidity, associated with school achievement in adolescence. We used population-based cohort data comprising all individuals born in Finland over the period 1980-2000 (N = 1,070,880) who were followed from age 15 or 16 until a diagnosis of mental disorder, emigration, death, or December 2017, whichever came first. Final grade average from comprehensive school was the exposure, and the first diagnosed mental disorder in a secondary healthcare setting was the outcome. The risks were assessed with Cox proportional hazards models, stratified Cox proportional hazard models within strata of full-siblings, and multinomial regression models. The cumulative incidence of mental disorders was estimated using competing risks regression. Better school achievement was associated with a smaller risk of all subsequent mental disorders and comorbidity, except for eating disorders, where better school achievement was associated with a higher risk. The largest associations were observed between school achievement and substance use disorders. Overall, individuals with school achievement more than two standard deviations below average had an absolute risk of 39.6% of a later mental disorder diagnosis. By contrast, for individuals with school achievement more than two standard deviations above average, the absolute risk of a later mental disorder diagnosis was 15.7%. The results show that the largest mental health burden accumulates among those with the poorest school achievement in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Weckström
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Suokas
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kaisla Komulainen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Mullola
- Department of Education, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Teachers College Columbia University, National Center for Children and Families (NCCF), New York, NY, USA
| | - Petri Böckerman
- School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Labour Institute for Economic Research LABORE, Helsinki, Finland
- IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
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Lähteenvuo M, Ahola-Olli A, Suokas K, Holm M, Misiewicz Z, Jukuri T, Männynsalo T, Wegelius A, Haaki W, Kajanne R, Kyttälä A, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Lahdensuo K, Häkkinen K, Hietala J, Paunio T, Niemi-Pynttäri J, Kieseppä T, Veijola J, Lönnqvist J, Isometsä E, Kampman O, Tiihonen J, Hyman S, Neale B, Daly M, Suvisaari J, Palotie A. Cohort profile: SUPER-Finland - the Finnish study for hereditary mechanisms of psychotic disorders. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070710. [PMID: 37045567 PMCID: PMC10106053 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE SUPER-Finland is a large Finnish collection of psychosis cases. This cohort also represents the Finnish contribution to the Stanley Global Neuropsychiatric Genetics Initiative, which seeks to diversify genetic sample collection to include Asian, Latin American and African populations in addition to known population isolates, such as Finland. PARTICIPANTS 10 474 individuals aged 18 years or older were recruited throughout the country. The subjects have been genotyped with a genome-wide genotyping chip and exome sequenced. A subset of 897 individuals selected from known population sub-isolates were selected for whole-genome sequencing. Recruitment was done between November 2015 and December 2018. FINDINGS TO DATE 5757 (55.2%) had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, 944 (9.1%) schizoaffective disorder, 1612 (15.5%) type I or type II bipolar disorder, 532 (5.1 %) psychotic depression, 1047 (10.0%) other psychosis and for 530 (5.1%) self-reported psychosis at recruitment could not be confirmed from register data. Mean duration of schizophrenia was 22.0 years at the time of the recruitment. By the end of the year 2018, 204 of the recruited individuals had died. The most common cause of death was cardiovascular disease (n=61) followed by neoplasms (n=40). Ten subjects had psychiatric morbidity as the primary cause of death. FUTURE PLANS Compare the effects of common variants, rare variants and copy number variations (CNVs) on severity of psychotic illness. In addition, we aim to track longitudinal course of illness based on nation-wide register data to estimate how phenotypic and genetic differences alter it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ahola-Olli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimmo Suokas
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Holm
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zuzanna Misiewicz
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Jukuri
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Teemu Männynsalo
- Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Services, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Asko Wegelius
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willehard Haaki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, TYKS Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Risto Kajanne
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aija Kyttälä
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kaisla Lahdensuo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Mehiläinen Oy, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Häkkinen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, TYKS Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tuula Kieseppä
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Veijola
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, University Hospital of Oulu and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kampman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, The Pirkanmaa Wellbeing Services County, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, The Wellbeing Services County of Ostrobothnia, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven Hyman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin Neale
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Hakulinen C, Komulainen K, Suokas K, Pirkola S, Pulkki-Råback L, Lumme S, Elovainio M, Böckerman P. Socioeconomic position at the age of 30 and the later risk of a mental disorder: a nationwide population-based register study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:298-304. [PMID: 36746629 PMCID: PMC10086472 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-219674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A study was undertaken to examine the association between multiple indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP) at the age of 30 and the subsequent risk of the most common mental disorders. METHODS All persons born in Finland between 1966 and 1986 who were alive and living in Finland at the end of the year when they turned 30 were included. Educational attainment, employment status and personal total income were used as the alternative measures of SEP. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association of SEP at the age of 30 with later risk of mental disorders. Additional analyses were conducted using a sibling design to account for otherwise unobserved shared family characteristics. Competing risks models were used to estimate absolute risks. RESULTS The study population included 1 268 768 persons, 26% of whom were later diagnosed with a mental disorder. Lower SEP at age 30 was consistently associated with a higher risk of being later diagnosed with a mental disorder, even after accounting for shared family characteristics and prior history of a mental disorder. Diagnosis-specific analyses showed that the associations were considerably stronger when substance misuse or schizophrenia spectrum disorders were used as an outcome. Absolute risk analyses showed that, by the age of 52 years, 58% of persons who had low educational attainment at the age of 30 were later diagnosed with a mental disorder. CONCLUSIONS Poor SEP at the age of 30 is associated with an increased risk of being later diagnosed with a mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland .,Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisla Komulainen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Suokas
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Pirkola
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonja Lumme
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Böckerman
- School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Labour Institute for Economic Research LABORE, Helsinki, Finland.,IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany
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8
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Suokas K, Hakulinen C, Sund R, Kampman O, Pirkola S. Mortality in persons with recent primary or secondary care contacts for mental disorders in Finland. World Psychiatry 2022; 21:470-471. [PMID: 36073698 PMCID: PMC9453896 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Suokas
- Faculty of Social SciencesTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and LogopedicsFaculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Department of Health and Social Care SystemsNational Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Reijo Sund
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Olli Kampman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland,Department of PsychiatryPirkanmaa Hospital DistrictTampereFinland
| | - Sami Pirkola
- Faculty of Social SciencesTampere UniversityTampereFinland,Department of PsychiatryPirkanmaa Hospital DistrictTampereFinland
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9
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Ahti J, Kieseppä T, Suvisaari J, Suokas K, Holm M, Wegelius A, Ahola-Olli A, Häkkinen K, Kampman O, Lähteenvuo M, Paunio T, Tiihonen J, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Isometsä E. Differences in psychosocial functioning between psychotic disorders in the Finnish SUPER study. Schizophr Res 2022; 244:10-17. [PMID: 35537381 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic disorders differ in their impact on psychosocial functioning. However, few studies have directly compared psychosocial functioning and its determinants between schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder (SAD), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder with psychotic features (psychotic MDD). OBJECTIVE We compared rates of independent living, employment, marriage, and having children between these diagnostic groups in a large national sample of participants with psychotic disorders in Finland. METHODS A cross-sectional substudy of participants (N = 9148) aged 18 to 65 years in the Finnish SUPER study, recruited nationwide from health- and social care settings and with advertisements. Psychosis diagnoses, age of onset, and hospitalizations were collected from healthcare registers. Participants were interviewed for psychosocial functioning. Associations of age of onset, hospitalizations, gender, and education with psychosocial functioning were analyzed using logistic regression models. RESULTS Of participants, 13.8% were employed or studying, 72.0% living independently and 32.5% had children. Overall, BD was associated with best, SAD and psychotic MDD with intermediate, and schizophrenia with worst level of psychosocial functioning. Greatest differences were found in independent living (OR 4.06 for BD vs. schizophrenia). In multivariate models, gender and number of hospitalizations predicted employment, marriage, and independent living in all diagnostic categories, and age of onset in some diagnostic categories. CONCLUSIONS Level of functioning and psychosocial outcomes differed markedly between psychotic disorders, particularly in independent living. Outcomes were worst for schizophrenia and best for BD. Across all psychotic disorders, female gender and lifetime number of hospitalizations had strong independent associations with marriage, employment, and independent living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Ahti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Tuula Kieseppä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Suokas
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Holm
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asko Wegelius
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ahola-Olli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katja Häkkinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Kampman
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Erkki Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.
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10
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Mazumder AH, Barnett J, Isometsä ET, Lindberg N, Torniainen-Holm M, Lähteenvuo M, Lahdensuo K, Kerkelä M, Ahola-Olli A, Hietala J, Kampman O, Kieseppä T, Jukuri T, Häkkinen K, Cederlöf E, Haaki W, Kajanne R, Wegelius A, Männynsalo T, Niemi-Pynttäri J, Suokas K, Lönnqvist J, Tiihonen J, Paunio T, Vainio SJ, Palotie A, Niemelä S, Suvisaari J, Veijola J. Reaction Time and Visual Memory in Connection to Hazardous Drinking Polygenic Scores in Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder and Bipolar Disorder. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111422. [PMID: 34827421 PMCID: PMC8615595 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the association of cognition with hazardous drinking Polygenic Scores (PGS) in 2649 schizophrenia, 558 schizoaffective disorder, and 1125 bipolar disorder patients in Finland. Hazardous drinking PGS was computed using the LDPred program. Participants performed two computerized tasks from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) on a tablet computer: the 5-choice serial reaction time task, or Reaction Time (RT) test, and the Paired Associative Learning (PAL) test. The association between hazardous drinking PGS and cognition was measured using four cognition variables. Log-linear regression was used in Reaction Time (RT) assessment, and logistic regression was used in PAL assessment. All analyses were conducted separately for males and females. After adjustment of age, age of onset, education, household pattern, and depressive symptoms, hazardous drinking PGS was not associated with reaction time or visual memory in male or female patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqul Haq Mazumder
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jennifer Barnett
- Cambridge Cognition, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB25 9TU, UK;
| | - Erkki Tapio Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Nina Lindberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Minna Torniainen-Holm
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Kaisla Lahdensuo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martta Kerkelä
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
| | - Ari Ahola-Olli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Kampman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
- Department of Psychiatry, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuula Kieseppä
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Jukuri
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Katja Häkkinen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Erik Cederlöf
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Willehard Haaki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
| | - Risto Kajanne
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Asko Wegelius
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Teemu Männynsalo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Niemi-Pynttäri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Suokas
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, 11364 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Juhani Vainio
- Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Northern Finland Biobank Borealis, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Kvantum Institute, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Solja Niemelä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
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11
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Mazumder AH, Barnett J, Isometsä ET, Lindberg N, Torniainen-Holm M, Lähteenvuo M, Lahdensuo K, Kerkelä M, Ahola-Olli A, Hietala J, Kampman O, Kieseppä T, Jukuri T, Häkkinen K, Cederlöf E, Haaki W, Kajanne R, Wegelius A, Männynsalo T, Niemi-Pynttäri J, Suokas K, Lönnqvist J, Tiihonen J, Paunio T, Vainio SJ, Palotie A, Niemelä S, Suvisaari J, Veijola J. Reaction Time and Visual Memory in Connection to Alcohol Use in Persons with Bipolar Disorder. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091154. [PMID: 34573174 PMCID: PMC8467646 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the association of cognition with hazardous drinking and alcohol-related disorder in persons with bipolar disorder (BD). The study population included 1268 persons from Finland with bipolar disorder. Alcohol use was assessed through hazardous drinking and alcohol-related disorder including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Hazardous drinking was screened with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for Consumption (AUDIT-C) screening tool. Alcohol-related disorder diagnoses were obtained from the national registrar data. Participants performed two computerized tasks from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) on A tablet computer: the 5-choice serial reaction time task, or reaction time (RT) test and the Paired Associative Learning (PAL) test. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Mental Health Inventory with five items (MHI-5). However, no assessment of current manic symptoms was available. Association between RT-test and alcohol use was analyzed with log-linear regression, and eβ with 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported. PAL first trial memory score was analyzed with linear regression, and β with 95% CI are reported. PAL total errors adjusted was analyzed with logistic regression and odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI are reported. After adjustment of age, education, housing status and depression, hazardous drinking was associated with lower median and less variable RT in females while AUD was associated with a poorer PAL test performance in terms of the total errors adjusted scores in females. Our findings of positive associations between alcohol use and cognition in persons with bipolar disorder are difficult to explain because of the methodological flaw of not being able to separately assess only participants in euthymic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqul Haq Mazumder
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jennifer Barnett
- Cambridge Cognition, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB25 9TU, UK;
| | - Erkki Tapio Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Nina Lindberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Minna Torniainen-Holm
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Kaisla Lahdensuo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martta Kerkelä
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
| | - Ari Ahola-Olli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Kampman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
- Department of Psychiatry, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuula Kieseppä
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Jukuri
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Katja Häkkinen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Erik Cederlöf
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Willehard Haaki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
| | - Risto Kajanne
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Asko Wegelius
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Teemu Männynsalo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Niemi-Pynttäri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Suokas
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, 11364 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Juhani Vainio
- Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Northern Finland Biobank Borealis, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Kvantum Institute, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Solja Niemelä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
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Mazumder AH, Barnett J, Lindberg N, Torniainen-Holm M, Lähteenvuo M, Lahdensuo K, Kerkelä M, Hietala J, Isometsä ET, Kampman O, Kieseppä T, Jukuri T, Häkkinen K, Cederlöf E, Haaki W, Kajanne R, Wegelius A, Männynsalo T, Niemi-Pynttäri J, Suokas K, Lönnqvist J, Niemelä S, Tiihonen J, Paunio T, Palotie A, Suvisaari J, Veijola J. Reaction Time and Visual Memory in Connection with Alcohol Use in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060688. [PMID: 34071123 PMCID: PMC8224767 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the association between cognition and hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorder in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Cognition is more or less compromised in schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder and alcohol use might aggravate this phenomenon. The study population included 3362 individuals from Finland with diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Hazardous drinking was screened with the AUDIT-C (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for Consumption) screening tool. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnoses were obtained from national registrar data. Participants performed two computerized tasks from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) on a tablet computer: The Five-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5-CSRTT) or the reaction time (RT) test and the Paired Associative Learning (PAL) test. The association between alcohol use and the RT and PAL tests was analyzed with log-linear regression and logistic regression, respectively. After adjustment for age, education, housing status, and the age at which the respondents had their first psychotic episodes, hazardous drinking was associated with a lower median RT in females and less variable RT in males, while AUD was associated with a poorer PAL test performance in terms of the total errors adjusted scores (TEASs) in females. Our findings of positive associations between alcohol and cognition in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqul Haq Mazumder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jennifer Barnett
- Cambridge Cognition, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB25 9TU, UK;
| | - Nina Lindberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (N.L.); (E.I.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Minna Torniainen-Holm
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Kaisla Lahdensuo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martta Kerkelä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Erkki Tapio Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (N.L.); (E.I.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Olli Kampman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
- Department of Psychiatry, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuula Kieseppä
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (N.L.); (E.I.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Jukuri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Katja Häkkinen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Erik Cederlöf
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Willehard Haaki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
| | - Risto Kajanne
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Asko Wegelius
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (N.L.); (E.I.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Teemu Männynsalo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Niemi-Pynttäri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Suokas
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Solja Niemelä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, 11364 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (N.L.); (E.I.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
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13
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Suokas K, Koivisto AM, Hakulinen C, Kaltiala R, Sund R, Lumme S, Kampman O, Pirkola S. Association of Income With the Incidence Rates of First Psychiatric Hospital Admissions in Finland, 1996-2014. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:274-284. [PMID: 31851325 PMCID: PMC6990744 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The association between income and mental health has long been a question of interest. Nationwide register data provide means to examine trends and patterns of these associations. OBJECTIVES To compare income-specific trends in the incidence rates of first psychiatric hospital admissions and to evaluate whether an income gradient exists in the incidence rates at all levels of household income. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based open cohort study used linked registry data from nationwide Finnish Hospital Discharge and Statistics Finland population registers to determine annual incidence rates of first psychiatric hospital admissions. All Finnish citizens (N = 6 258 033) living in the country at any time from January 1, 1996, through December 31, 2014, contributed to 96 184 614 person-years at risk of first inpatient treatment for mental disorders. The analyses were conducted from August 1, 2018, through September 30, 2019. EXPOSURES Equivalized disposable income, sex, age group, reduction in income decile in the previous 3 years, urbanicity, educational level, and living alone status. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Annual percentage changes in the age-standardized incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRRs). RESULTS Altogether, 186 082 first psychiatric inpatient treatment episodes occurred (93 431 [50.2%] men), with overall age-standardized incidence rates per 1000 person-years varying from 1.59 (95% CI, 1.56-1.63) in 2014 to 2.11 (95% CI, 2.07-2.15) in 2008. In the highest income deciles, a continuous mean decrease per year of 3.71% (95% CI, 2.82%-4.59%) in men and 0.91% (95% CI, 0.01%-1.80%) in women occurred throughout the study period, in contrast to the lowest deciles, where the trends first increased (1.31% [95% CI, 0.62%-2.01%] increase in men from 1996 to 2007 and 5.61% [95% CI, 2.36%-8.96%] increase in women from 1996 to 2001). In the adult population, an income gradient was observed at all levels of household income: the lower the income decile, the higher the adjusted IRRs compared with the highest decile. The IRRs in the lowest decile varied from 2.94 (95% CI, 2.78-3.11) to 4.46 (95% CI, 4.17-4.76). In other age groups, the gradient did not persist at the highest income deciles. Diagnosis-specific income gradient was steepest in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, with estimated IRRs of the lowest income decile of 5.89 (95% CI, 5.77-6.02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, clear negative income gradient in the incidence rates of first hospital-treated mental disorders was observed in the adult population of Finland. These findings suggest that reduction in the use of inpatient care has not taken place equally between different income groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Suokas
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Health and Social Care Systems, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riittakerttu Kaltiala
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Reijo Sund
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sonja Lumme
- Department of Health and Social Care Systems, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kampman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Pirkola
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
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Hakulinen C, Elovainio M, Arffman M, Lumme S, Suokas K, Pirkola S, Keskimäki I, Manderbacka K, Böckerman P. Employment Status and Personal Income Before and After Onset of a Severe Mental Disorder: A Case-Control Study. Psychiatr Serv 2020; 71:250-255. [PMID: 31722646 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201900239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with severe mental disorders have an impaired ability to work and are likely to receive income transfer payments as their main source of income. However, the magnitude of this phenomenon remains unclear. Using longitudinal population cohort register data, the authors conducted a case-control study to examine the levels of employment and personal income before and after a first hospitalization for a serious mental disorder. METHODS All individuals (N=50,551) who had been hospitalized for schizophrenia, other nonaffective psychosis, or bipolar disorder in Finland between 1988 and 2015 were identified and matched with five randomly selected participants who were the same sex and who had the same birth year and month. Employment status and earnings, income transfer payments, and total income in euros were measured annually from 1988 to 2015. RESULTS Individuals with serious mental disorders had notably low levels of employment before, and especially after, the diagnosis of a severe mental disorder. Their total income was mostly constituted of transfer payments, and this was especially true for those diagnosed as having schizophrenia. More than half of all individuals with a serious mental disorder did not have any employment earnings after they received the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows how most individuals in Finland depend solely on income transfer payments after an onset of a severe mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio, Arffman, Lumme, Keskimäki, Manderbacka); Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland (Suokas, Pirkola, Keskimäki); Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland (Pirkola); School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland (Böckerman); Labour Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki (Böckerman)
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio, Arffman, Lumme, Keskimäki, Manderbacka); Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland (Suokas, Pirkola, Keskimäki); Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland (Pirkola); School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland (Böckerman); Labour Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki (Böckerman)
| | - Martti Arffman
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio, Arffman, Lumme, Keskimäki, Manderbacka); Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland (Suokas, Pirkola, Keskimäki); Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland (Pirkola); School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland (Böckerman); Labour Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki (Böckerman)
| | - Sonja Lumme
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio, Arffman, Lumme, Keskimäki, Manderbacka); Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland (Suokas, Pirkola, Keskimäki); Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland (Pirkola); School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland (Böckerman); Labour Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki (Böckerman)
| | - Kimmo Suokas
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio, Arffman, Lumme, Keskimäki, Manderbacka); Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland (Suokas, Pirkola, Keskimäki); Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland (Pirkola); School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland (Böckerman); Labour Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki (Böckerman)
| | - Sami Pirkola
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio, Arffman, Lumme, Keskimäki, Manderbacka); Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland (Suokas, Pirkola, Keskimäki); Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland (Pirkola); School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland (Böckerman); Labour Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki (Böckerman)
| | - Ilmo Keskimäki
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio, Arffman, Lumme, Keskimäki, Manderbacka); Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland (Suokas, Pirkola, Keskimäki); Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland (Pirkola); School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland (Böckerman); Labour Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki (Böckerman)
| | - Kristiina Manderbacka
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio, Arffman, Lumme, Keskimäki, Manderbacka); Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland (Suokas, Pirkola, Keskimäki); Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland (Pirkola); School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland (Böckerman); Labour Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki (Böckerman)
| | - Petri Böckerman
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (Hakulinen, Elovainio, Arffman, Lumme, Keskimäki, Manderbacka); Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland (Suokas, Pirkola, Keskimäki); Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland (Pirkola); School of Business and Economics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland (Böckerman); Labour Institute for Economic Research, Helsinki (Böckerman)
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Suokas K, Palmio J, Sandell S, Udd B, Hietaharju A. Pain in SCN4A Mutated P.A1156T muscle sodium channelopathy-a postal survey. Muscle Nerve 2017; 57:1014-1017. [PMID: 29272040 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The p.A1156T mutation alters the function of the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.4 on the muscle sarcolemma, causing a channelopathy without overt myotonia or periodic paralysis but with myalgic pain. METHODS A postal survey was conducted to assess the prevalence and characteristics of pain and related symptoms in individuals with the p.A1156T mutation. A specific questionnaire, intensity and interference subscales of the Brief Pain Inventory, pain drawing, Widespread Pain Index, quality of life (RAND-36), and the Beck Depression Inventory were completed. RESULTS Twenty of 24 patients replied. Current pain was reported by 16 respondents; the other 4 had experienced pain previously. Most commonly, pain was widespread and exercise-induced. The severity and the impact of pain on daily life were considerable, although varied. DISCUSSION This sodium channelopathy is another entity in the growing number of diseases causing widespread myalgic pain that resembles the pain seen in fibromyalgia syndrome. Muscle Nerve 57: 1014-1017, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Suokas
- Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000 FI-33521, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Palmio
- Neuromuscular Research Center, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Satu Sandell
- Department of Neurology, Southern Ostrobothnia Hospital District, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Neuromuscular Research Center, University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Hietaharju
- Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000 FI-33521, Tampere, Finland
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Suokas K, Kampman O. [Autoimmune encephalitis as a cause of psychosis]. Duodecim 2014; 130:469-474. [PMID: 24730197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies directed to the surface structures of nerve cells may cause autoimmune encephalitis. It may cause limbic encephalitis requiring intensive care, or symptoms are restricted to psychosis. This disease may be impossible to distinguish clinically from a functional psychotic illness. Some of the cases are paraneoplastic, i.e. associated with a diagnosed or latent malignant neoplasia, most commonly ovarian teratoma. The first line treatment for autoimmune encephalitis is an immunomodulatory combination therapy with immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone. We recommend screening of the most common NMDAR and VGKC antibodies related to autoimmune encephalitis from patients having developed a new psychosis.
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