1
|
Abe A, Kapoor MP, Morishima S, Ozeki M, Sato N, Takara T, Naito Y. Effectiveness of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum on Cognitive Function and Sleep Efficiency in Healthy Elderly Subjects in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, and Parallel-Group Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1211. [PMID: 38674901 PMCID: PMC11054110 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of functional foods in a daily diet is a promising approach for the maintenance of cognitive health. The present study examines the effects of water-soluble prebiotic dietary-fiber, partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), on cognitive function and mental health in healthy elderly individuals. Participants consumed either 5 g/day of PHGG or a placebo daily for 12 weeks in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and parallel-group study. An assessment of cognitive functions, sleep quality, and subjective mood evaluations was performed at baseline and after 8 and 12 weeks of either PHGG or placebo intake. The visual memory scores in cognitive function tests and sleepiness on rising scores related to sleep quality were significantly improved in the PHGG group compared to the placebo group. No significant differences were observed in mood parameters between the groups. Vigor-activity scores were significantly improved, while the scores for Confusion-Bewilderment decreased significantly in the PHGG group when compared to the baseline. In summary, supplementation with PHGG was effective in improving cognitive functions, particularly visual memory, as well as enhancing sleep quality and vitality in healthy elderly individuals (UMIN000049070).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Abe
- Department of Research and Development, Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan; (M.P.K.); (S.M.); (M.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Mahendra Parkash Kapoor
- Department of Research and Development, Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan; (M.P.K.); (S.M.); (M.O.); (N.S.)
| | - So Morishima
- Department of Research and Development, Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan; (M.P.K.); (S.M.); (M.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Makoto Ozeki
- Department of Research and Development, Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan; (M.P.K.); (S.M.); (M.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Norio Sato
- Department of Research and Development, Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan; (M.P.K.); (S.M.); (M.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Takara
- Medical Corporation Seishinkai, Takara Clinic, 9F Taisei Bldg., 2-3-2, Higashi-gotanda, Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-0022, Japan;
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyoku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Megla E, Rosenthal SR, Bainbridge WA. Drawings reveal changes in object memory, but not spatial memory, across time. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.26.577281. [PMID: 38352427 PMCID: PMC10862701 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Time has an immense influence on our memory. Truncated encoding leads to memory for only the 'gist' of an image, and long delays before recall result in generalized memories with few details. Here, we used crowdsourced scoring of hundreds of drawings made from memory after variable encoding (Experiment 1) and retentions of that memory (Experiment 2) to quantify what features of memory content change across time. We found that whereas some features of memory are highly dependent on time, such as the proportion of objects recalled from a scene and false recall for objects not in the original image, spatial memory was highly accurate and relatively independent of time. We also found that we could predict which objects were recalled across time based on the location, meaning, and saliency of the objects. The differential impact of time on object and spatial memory supports a separation of these memory systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Megla
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Wilma A. Bainbridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Climent G, Rebon-Ortiz F, Saura-Carrasco M, Diaz-Orueta U. Suite test. A virtual reality based neuropsychological assessment tool for memory. A normative study on immediate, short-term and delayed memory tasks. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38265940 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2306128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To collect normative data for the Suite test, a virtual reality (VR) tool designed to assess memory processes. METHOD The normative sample included 676 subjects (49.7% female), aged from 12 to 85 years. The Suite test comprises a 360-degree VR environment designed as a furniture shop, in which participants must group specific sets of furniture items (ordered by different families of customers) by clicking on the furniture to be packed following instructions from a voice-over. RESULTS Core variables provided were grouped into immediate, short-term and long-term delayed recall. Cluster analyses established five age groups (12 years old, 13 to 26, 27 to 44, 45 to 58, and 59 to 85) with gender differentiated norms only deemed necessary for those transitioning from adolescence to adulthood (13 to 26) and from middle age to older adulthood (45 to 58). No statistically significant differences were found for additional gender × age normative groups, or for any group differentiated by educational level. A confirmatory factor analysis raised the existence of two differentiated factors, one associated to encoding processes (immediate memory trials) and the other to retrieval processes (both short term and long-term delayed recall trials grouping into the same factor). Additional results on the test reliability and internal consistency are presented. CONCLUSIONS Suite Test can help explore memory deficits across the life span and differentiate between visual and verbal memory strategies. Further research is required to study the test sensitivity and specificity, as well as convergent validity studies with well-established memory assessment tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Unai Diaz-Orueta
- Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang S, Howard CM, Hovhannisyan M, Ritchey M, Cabeza R, Davis SW. Hippocampal Functions Modulate Transfer-Appropriate Cortical Representations Supporting Subsequent Memory. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1135232023. [PMID: 38050089 PMCID: PMC10851689 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1135-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus plays a central role as a coordinate system or index of information stored in neocortical loci. Nonetheless, it remains unclear how hippocampal processes integrate with cortical information to facilitate successful memory encoding. Thus, the goal of the current study was to identify specific hippocampal-cortical interactions that support object encoding. We collected fMRI data while 19 human participants (7 female and 12 male) encoded images of real-world objects and tested their memory for object concepts and image exemplars (i.e., conceptual and perceptual memory). Representational similarity analysis revealed robust representations of visual and semantic information in canonical visual (e.g., occipital cortex) and semantic (e.g., angular gyrus) regions in the cortex, but not in the hippocampus. Critically, hippocampal functions modulated the mnemonic impact of cortical representations that are most pertinent to future memory demands, or transfer-appropriate representations Subsequent perceptual memory was best predicted by the strength of visual representations in ventromedial occipital cortex in coordination with hippocampal activity and pattern information during encoding. In parallel, subsequent conceptual memory was best predicted by the strength of semantic representations in left inferior frontal gyrus and angular gyrus in coordination with either hippocampal activity or semantic representational strength during encoding. We found no evidence for transfer-incongruent hippocampal-cortical interactions supporting subsequent memory (i.e., no hippocampal interactions with cortical visual/semantic representations supported conceptual/perceptual memory). Collectively, these results suggest that diverse hippocampal functions flexibly modulate cortical representations of object properties to satisfy distinct future memory demands.Significance Statement The hippocampus is theorized to index pieces of information stored throughout the cortex to support episodic memory. Yet how hippocampal processes integrate with cortical representation of stimulus information remains unclear. Using fMRI, we examined various forms of hippocampal-cortical interactions during object encoding in relation to subsequent performance on conceptual and perceptual memory tests. Our results revealed novel hippocampal-cortical interactions that utilize semantic and visual representations in transfer-appropriate manners: conceptual memory supported by hippocampal modulation of frontoparietal semantic representations, and perceptual memory supported by hippocampal modulation of occipital visual representations. These findings provide important insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the formation of information-rich episodic memory and underscore the value of studying the flexible interplay between brain regions for complex cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenyang Huang
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina
| | - Cortney M Howard
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina
| | | | - Maureen Ritchey
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, 02467 Massachusetts
| | - Roberto Cabeza
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina
| | - Simon W Davis
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham 27708, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cao F, Hu Z, Yan T, Hong E, Deng X, Wu L, Fang X. A Dual-Functional Perovskite-Based Photodetector and Memristor for Visual Memory. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2304550. [PMID: 37467009 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The imitation of human visual memory demands the multifunctional integration of light sensors similar to the eyes, and image memory, similar to the brain. Although humans have already implemented electronic devices with visual memory functions, these devices require a combination of various components and logical circuits. However, the combination of visual perception and high-performance information storage capabilities into a single device to achieve visual memory remains challenging. In this study, inspired by the function of human visual memory, a dual-functional perovskite-based photodetector (PD) and memristor are designed to realize visual perception and memory capacities. As a PD, it realizes an ultrahigh self-powered responsivity of 276 mA W-1 , a high detectivity of 4.7 × 1011 Jones (530 nm; light intensities, 2.34 mW cm-2 ), and a high rectification ratio of ≈100 (±2 V). As a memristor, an ultrahigh on/off ratio (≈105 ), an ultralow power consumption of 3 × 10-11 W, a low setting voltage (0.15 V), and a long retention time (>7000 s) are realized. Moreover, the dual-functional device has the capacity to perceive and remember light paths and store data with good cyclic stability. This device exhibits perceptual and cyclic erasable memory functions, which provides new opportunities for mimicking human visual memory in future multifunctional applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fa Cao
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zijun Hu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Yan
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Enliu Hong
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Deng
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia University Hohhot, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martarelli CS, Chiquet S, Ertl M. Keeping track of reality: embedding visual memory in natural behaviour. Memory 2023; 31:1295-1305. [PMID: 37727126 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2023.2260148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Since immersive virtual reality (IVR) emerged as a research method in the 1980s, the focus has been on the similarities between IVR and actual reality. In this vein, it has been suggested that IVR methodology might fill the gap between laboratory studies and real life. IVR allows for high internal validity (i.e., a high degree of experimental control and experimental replicability), as well as high external validity by letting participants engage with the environment in an almost natural manner. Despite internal validity being crucial to experimental designs, external validity also matters in terms of the generalizability of results. In this paper, we first highlight and summarise the similarities and differences between IVR, desktop situations (both non-immersive VR and computer experiments), and reality. In the second step, we propose that IVR is a promising tool for visual memory research in terms of investigating the representation of visual information embedded in natural behaviour. We encourage researchers to carry out experiments on both two-dimensional computer screens and in immersive virtual environments to investigate visual memory and validate and replicate the findings. IVR is valuable because of its potential to improve theoretical understanding and increase the psychological relevance of the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Chiquet
- Faculty of Psychology, UniDistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Ertl
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Frisoni M, Selvaggio A, Tosoni A, Sestieri C. Long-term memory for movie details: selective decay for verbal information at one week. Memory 2023; 31:1232-1243. [PMID: 37655937 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2023.2253568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Mnemonic representations of complex events are multidimensional, incorporating information about objects and characters, their interactions and their spatial-temporal context. The present study investigated the degree to which detailed verbal information (i.e., dialogues), as well as semantic and spatiotemporal (i.e., "what", "where", and "when") elements of episodic memories for movies, are forgotten over the course of a week. Moreover, we tested whether the amount of dimension-specific forgetting differed as a function of the participant's age. In a mixed design, younger and middle-aged participants were asked to watch a ∼90 min movie and provide yes/no answers to detailed questions about different dimensions of the presented material after 1, 3 days, and 1 week. The results indicate that memory decay mainly affects the verbal dimension, both in terms of response accuracy and confidence. Instead, detailed information about objects/characters' features and spatiotemporal context seems to be relatively preserved, despite a general decrease in response confidence. Furthermore, younger adults were in general more accurate and confident than middle-aged participants, although, again, the verbal dimension exhibited a significant age-related difference. We propose that this selective forgetting depends on the progressive advantage of visual compared to auditory/verbal information in memory for complex events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Frisoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences (DNISC) and ITAB, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Selvaggio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences (DNISC) and ITAB, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tosoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences (DNISC) and ITAB, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Sestieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences (DNISC) and ITAB, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lukavský J, Oksama L, Děchtěrenko F. Multiple object tracking with extended occlusions. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2023; 76:2094-2106. [PMID: 36398964 DOI: 10.1177/17470218221142463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
In everyday life, we often view objects through a limited aperture (e.g., soccer players on TV or cars slipping into our blind spot on a busy road), where objects often move out of view and reappear in a different place later. We modelled this situation in a series of multiple object tracking (MOT) experiments, in which we introduced a cover on the edges of the observed area and manipulated its width. This method introduced systematic occlusions, which were longer than those used in previous MOT studies. Experiment 1 (N = 50) showed that tracking under such conditions is possible, although difficult. An item-level analysis confirmed that people made more errors in targets that were covered longer and more often. In Experiment 2 (N = 50), we manipulated the tracking workload and found that the participants were less affected by the cover when the tracking load was low. In Experiment 3 (N = 50), we asked the participants to keep track of the objects' identities (multiple identity tracking [MIT]). Although MIT is subjectively more demanding, memorising identities improved performance in the most difficult cover conditions. Contrary to previous reports, we also found that even partial occlusions negatively affected tracking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Lukavský
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lauri Oksama
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Filip Děchtěrenko
- Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Y, Cao H, Pan N, Long Y, Zhou J, Zhou C, Wang Y, Gong Q. The alpha-2A-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism modulates gray matter structural networks, visual memory, and inhibitory cognitive control in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Cereb Cortex 2023:7194193. [PMID: 37310179 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The ADRA2A-1291 C > G polymorphism and deficits in visual memory and inhibitory control were associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study aimed to examine whether the ADRA2A G/G genotype affected gray matter (GM) networks in ADHD and whether these gene-brain modulations were associated with cognitive function in ADHD. Seventy-five drug-naïve ADHD children and 70 healthy controls were recruited. The GM networks were obtained based on areal similarities of GM, and network topological properties were analyzed using graph theory. Visual memory and inhibitory control were assessed by the visual memory test and the Stroop test, respectively. SNP genotyping of rs1800544 was performed. A significant interaction between ADHD diagnosis and gene polymorphism was observed in the nodal degree of the left inferior parietal lobule and left inferior (opercular) frontal gyrus. In the ADHD group, nodal efficiency in the left inferior (orbital) frontal gyrus in ADHD with G/G was lower than that in ADHD without G/G. Moreover, the ADRA2A-modulated alterations in nodal properties were associated with visual memory and inhibitory control. Our findings provide novel gene-brain behavior association evidence that GM network alterations, especially in the frontoparietal loop, were related to visual memory and inhibitory control in ADHD children with ADRA2A-G/G.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular lmaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hengyi Cao
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY 25629, USA
| | - Nanfang Pan
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular lmaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yajing Long
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular lmaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jinbo Zhou
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhou
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular lmaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 100864, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen 361015, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Spain RI, Hildebrand A, Waslo CS, Rooney WD, Emmons J, Schwartz DL, Freedman MS, Paz Soldan MM, Repovic P, Solomon AJ, Rinker J, Wallin M, Haselkorn JK, Stuve O, Gross RH, Turner AP. Processing speed and memory test performance are associated with different brain region volumes in Veterans and others with progressive multiple sclerosis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1188124. [PMID: 37360346 PMCID: PMC10285490 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1188124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive dysfunction and brain atrophy are both common in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) but are seldom examined comprehensively in clinical trials. Antioxidant treatment may affect the neurodegeneration characteristic of progressive MS and slow its symptomatic and radiographic correlates. Objectives This study aims to evaluate cross-sectional associations between cognitive battery components of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis with whole and segmented brain volumes and to determine if associations differ between secondary progressive (SPMS) and primary progressive (PPMS) MS subtypes. Design The study was based on a baseline analysis from a multi-site randomized controlled trial of the antioxidant lipoic acid in veterans and other people with progressive MS (NCT03161028). Methods Cognitive batteries were conducted by trained research personnel. MRIs were processed at a central processing site for maximum harmonization. Semi-partial Pearson's adjustments evaluated associations between cognitive tests and MRI volumes. Regression analyses evaluated differences in association patterns between SPMS and PPMS cohorts. Results Of the 114 participants, 70% had SPMS. Veterans with MS made up 26% (n = 30) of the total sample and 73% had SPMS. Participants had a mean age of 59.2 and sd 8.5 years, and 54% of them were women, had a disease duration of 22.4 (sd 11.3) years, and had a median Expanded Disability Status Scale of 6.0 (with an interquartile range of 4.0-6.0, moderate disability). The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (processing speed) correlated with whole brain volume (R = 0.29, p = 0.01) and total white matter volume (R = 0.33, p < 0.01). Both the California Verbal Learning Test (verbal memory) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (visual memory) correlated with mean cortical thickness (R = 0.27, p = 0.02 and R = 0.35, p < 0.01, respectively). Correlation patterns were similar in subgroup analyses. Conclusion Brain volumes showed differing patterns of correlation across cognitive tasks in progressive MS. Similar results between SPMS and PPMS cohorts suggest combining progressive MS subtypes in studies involving cognition and brain atrophy in these populations. Longitudinal assessment will determine the therapeutic effects of lipoic acid on cognitive tasks, brain atrophy, and their associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca I. Spain
- Department of Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
- Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Andrea Hildebrand
- Biostatistics and Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University/Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Carin S. Waslo
- Department of Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - William D. Rooney
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joshua Emmons
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Daniel L. Schwartz
- Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mark S. Freedman
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - M. Mateo Paz Soldan
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Pavle Repovic
- Neurology, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Andrew J. Solomon
- Lerner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - John Rinker
- Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mitchell Wallin
- Department of Veterans Affairs Washington DC Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jodie K. Haselkorn
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Rehabilitation Medicine & Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Olaf Stuve
- Department of Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System-Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
- Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Peter O'Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Robert H. Gross
- Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Aaron P. Turner
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Rehabilitation Medicine & Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wolfe JM, Wick FA, Mishra M, DeGutis J, Lyu W. Spatial and temporal massive memory in humans. Curr Biol 2023; 33:405-410.e4. [PMID: 36693302 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that humans have a massive memory for pictures and scenes.1,2,3,4 They show an ability to encode thousands of images with only a few seconds of exposure to each. In addition to this massive memory for "what" observers have seen, three experiments reported here show that observers have a "spatial massive memory" (SMM) for "where" stimuli have been seen and a "temporal massive memory" (TMM) for "when" stimuli have been seen. The positions in time and space for at least dozens of items can be reported with good, if not perfect accuracy. Previous work has suggested that there might be good memory for stimulus location,5,6 but there do not seem to have been concerted efforts to measure the extent of this memory. Moreover, in our method, observers are recalling where items were located and not merely recognizing the correct location. This is interesting because massive memory is sometimes thought to be limited to recognition tasks based on sense of familiarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Wolfe
- Visual Attention Lab, Department of Surgery, Visual Attention Lab, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology & Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Maruti Mishra
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond Hall, 114 UR Drive, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | - Joseph DeGutis
- Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 940 Belmont Street, Brockton, MA 02301, USA
| | - Wanyi Lyu
- Department of Biology, Centre for Vision Research, Vision Science to Application, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mancini JD, Angelo N, Abu-Sbaih R, Kooyman P, Yao S. Concussion-related visual memory and reaction time impairment in college athletes improved after osteopathic manipulative medicine: a randomized clinical trial. J Osteopath Med 2023; 123:31-38. [PMID: 36172719 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2022-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Concussion is an acute, transient disruption in brain function due to head injury. Previous studies suggest osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) improved recovery from concussion. OBJECTIVES The hypothesis was that new-onset impairments (NOI) of neurological functions identified by Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) will improve more so after OMM than after concussion-education. METHODS College athletes presenting to the outpatient academic healthcare center (AHCC) with concussion due to head injury within the preceding 2 weeks were recruited for this IRB-approved, randomized, single-blinded trial. Consented men and women were randomized into groups receiving two OMM treatments or two concussion-education sessions to control for social effects. Preseason, Baseline, ImPACT was compared to Post-Injury scores to determine NOI. Baseline, Post-Injury, and Post-Interventions ImPACTs were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA, α≤0.05). Post-Injury correlations and mean changes in King-Devick (KD) scores were analyzed. RESULTS Post-Injury NOI were found in 77.8% (14/18) men and 85.7% (6/7) women, including ImPACT subscore indices for verbal and visual memory, processing speed (PS), and reaction time (RT). Of those with NOI, mean visual memory recovered by 50.0% following one and by 104.9% (p=0.032) following two OMM treatments in men and by 82.8% (p=0.046) following one treatment in women. Following two interventions, the mean RT in men receiving OMM improved by 0.10 more than education (p=0.0496). The effect sizes of OMM were large (Cohen's d=1.33) on visual memory and small (Cohen's d=0.31) on RT. CONCLUSIONS The NOI in visual memory and RT following concussion significantly improved in the OMM group compared to the education group. Integrating OMM utilizing physical exam and this treatment was a safe individualized approach in athletes with acute uncomplicated concussions. Further research is warranted to improve the utilization of OMM for individuals with concussion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayme D Mancini
- Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, USA
| | - Nicole Angelo
- Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, USA
| | - Reem Abu-Sbaih
- Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, USA
| | - Patricia Kooyman
- Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, USA
| | - Sheldon Yao
- Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Prasad D, Bainbridge WA. The Visual Mandela Effect as Evidence for Shared and Specific False Memories Across People. Psychol Sci 2022; 33:1971-1988. [PMID: 36219739 DOI: 10.1177/09567976221108944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mandela effect is an Internet phenomenon describing shared and consistent false memories for specific icons in popular culture. The visual Mandela effect is a Mandela effect specific to visual icons (e.g., the Monopoly Man is falsely remembered as having a monocle) and has not yet been empirically quantified or tested. In Experiment 1 (N = 100 adults), we demonstrated that certain images from popular iconography elicit consistent, specific false memories. In Experiment 2 (N = 60 adults), using eye-tracking-like methods, we found no attentional or visual differences that drive this phenomenon. There is no clear difference in the natural visual experience of these images (Experiment 3), and these errors also occur spontaneously during recall (Experiment 4; N = 50 adults). These results demonstrate that there are certain images for which people consistently make the same false-memory error, despite the majority of visual experience being the canonical image.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Memory often fills in what is not there. A striking example of this is boundary extension, whereby observers mistakenly recall a view that extends beyond what was seen. However, not all visual memories extend in this way, which suggests that this process depends on specific scene properties. What factors determine when visual memories will include details that go beyond perceptual experience? Here, seven experiments (N = 1,100 adults) explored whether spatial scale-specifically, perceived viewing distance-drives boundary extension. We created fake miniatures by exploiting tilt shift, a photographic effect that selectively reduces perceived distance while preserving other scene properties (e.g., making a distant railway appear like a model train). Fake miniaturization increased boundary extension for otherwise identical scenes: Participants who performed a scene-memory task misremembered fake-miniaturized views as farther away than they actually were. This effect went beyond low-level image changes and generalized to a completely different distance manipulation. Thus, visual memory is modulated by the spatial scale at which the environment is viewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alon Hafri
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University.,Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Shreya Wadhwa
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
LeMonda BC, MacAllister W, Morrison C, Vaurio L, Blackmon K, Maiman M, Liu A, Liberta T, Bar WB. Is formal scoring better than just looking? A comparison of subjective and objective scoring methods of the Rey Complex Figure Test for lateralizing temporal lobe epilepsy. Clin Neuropsychol 2022; 36:1637-1652. [PMID: 33356888 PMCID: PMC8236070 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2020.1865461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveNeuropsychologists labor over scoring the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT), a measure of visuospatial functioning and nonverbal memory. Compelling arguments suggest that pathognomonic signs of the RCFT are observable to the "naked eye." Standard scoring systems are insensitive to lateralizing temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and alternative "qualitative" scoring systems are ineffective and time-consuming. Method: We examined accuracy of TLE lateralization using subjective classifications and standard scoring. Participants were 84 TLE patients (53 female; mean age=36yrs) and 46 controls (27 female; mean age = 27.5). The former were classified as right (n = 41) or left (n = 43) TLE by neurologists using EEG and MRI studies. RCFT were scored using standard scoring with cut-offs of z ≤ -2 classified as impaired and were rated as "characteristic" of RTLE (Ugly) or LTLE (Not Ugly) performance by neuropsychologists. Accuracy of seizure lateralization for both methods was examined. Results: Neuropsychologists' ratings accuracy were at or below chance. Standard scoring criteria showed chance or slightly better lateralization prediction. Standard scoring predicted RTLE laterality more accurately than subjective ratings for copy trials; standard scoring was no better at lateralizing RTLE with delays. Subjective ratings were better at distinguishing TLE patients from controls. Conclusion: Findings highlight concerns regarding the usefulness of the RCFT in TLE lateralization, regardless of scoring approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linnea Vaurio
- New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Moshe Maiman
- University of Chicago Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anli Liu
- New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Poitras M, Narvaez Linares NF, Lambert M, Browndyke JN, Plamondon H. Women with Myocardial Infarction Present Subtle Cognitive Difficulties on a Neuropsychological Battery After Exposure to a Social Stressor. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2761-2771. [PMID: 36176378 PMCID: PMC9514296 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s379381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Myocardial infarction (MI) is the primary cause of mortality and morbidity in women, but its sequelae remain largely understudied. Given the heart-brain relationship, our study aimed to further understand stress's impact on regulating cognitive function post-MI. Specifically, our study evaluated the effect of stress induced using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), on neuropsychological function in women who have or have not experienced MI. Methodology To do so, women (mean age = 59.41 yrs) with (WHxMI = 13) or without () a history of MI were exposed to the TSST prior to completion of a series of standardized neuropsychological tests: the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Control Oral Word Association (COWA), Rey Complex Figure and Recognition (RCFT), Trail Making Test (TMT), and Auditory Consonant Triagrams (ACT). Results Our findings support MI to be associated with impairments in working memory affecting immediate recall of ACT, as well as visuospatial impairments in the RCFT copy trial, marked by poorer drawing accuracy and incorrect placement of figure elements. Overall, WHxMI required more time to complete the neuropsychological assessment (WHxMI 166.57 ± 12, 155.00 ± 6.57; p < 0.01). Conclusion Together, these findings support cognitive impairments noted following a social stressor to remain subtle in WHxMI. Our study highlights the need for the development of more sensitive tools to screen for neuropsychological impairments in women with MI and the importance of assessing performance in a variety of testing conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilou Poitras
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Maude Lambert
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey N Browndyke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Medicine, Division of Behavioral Medicine & Neurosciences, Duke University Medical Centre, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hélène Plamondon
- Behavioural Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Diaz-Orueta U, Rogers BM, Blanco-Campal A, Burke T. The challenge of neuropsychological assessment of visual/visuo-spatial memory: A critical, historical review, and lessons for the present and future. Front Psychol 2022; 13:962025. [PMID: 36081731 PMCID: PMC9447442 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.962025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A proliferation of tests exists for the assessment of auditory-verbal memory processes. However, from a clinical practice perspective, the situation is less clear when it comes to the ready availability of reliable and valid tests for the evaluation of visual/visuo-spatial memory processes. While, at face value, there appear to be a wide range of available tests of visual/visuo-spatial memory, utilizing different types of materials and assessment strategies, a number of criticisms have been, and arguably should be, leveled at the majority of these tests. The criticisms that have been directed toward what are typically considered to be visual/visuo-spatial memory tests, such as (1) the potential for verbal mediation, (2) over-abstraction of stimuli, (3) the requirement of a drawing response, and (4) the lack of sensitivity to unilateral brain lesions, mean that, in reality, the number of readily available valid tests of visual/visuo-spatial memory is, at best, limited. This article offers a critical, historical review on the existing measures and resources for the neuropsychological assessment of visual/visuo-spatial memory, and it showcases some examples of newer tests that have aimed to overcome the challenges of assessing these important aspects of memory. The article also identifies new trends and examples of how technological advances such as virtual reality may add value to overcome previous obstacles to assessment, thereby offering professionals more reliable, accurate means to evaluate visual/visuo-spatial memory in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Unai Diaz-Orueta
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Bronagh M. Rogers
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alberto Blanco-Campal
- Department of Psychiatry for the Older Person and Memory Clinic Services, Health Service Executive, Ardee and Navan, Ireland
| | - Teresa Burke
- Faculty of Science and Health, School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mercer T, Jarvis RJ, Lawton R, Walters F. Tracking Proactive Interference in Visual Memory. Front Psychol 2022; 13:896866. [PMID: 35664155 PMCID: PMC9158505 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.896866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current contents of visual working memory can be disrupted by previously formed memories. This phenomenon is known as proactive interference, and it can be used to index the availability of old memories. However, there is uncertainty about the robustness and lifetime of proactive interference, which raises important questions about the role of temporal factors in forgetting. The present study assessed different factors that were expected to influence the persistence of proactive interference over an inter-trial interval in the visual recent probes task. In three experiments, participants encoded arrays of targets and then determined whether a single probe matched one of those targets. On some trials, the probe matched an item from the previous trial (a “recent negative”), whereas on other trials the probe matched a more distant item (a “non-recent negative”). Prior studies have found that recent negative probes can increase errors and slow response times in comparison to non-recent negative probes, and this offered a behavioral measure of proactive interference. In Experiment 1, factors of array size (the number of targets to be encoded) and inter-trial interval (300 ms vs. 8 s) were manipulated in the recent probes task. There was a reduction in proactive interference when a longer delay separated trials on one measure, but only when participants encoded two targets. When working memory capacity was strained by increasing the array size to four targets, proactive interference became stronger after the long delay. In Experiment 2, the inter-trial interval length was again manipulated, along with stimulus novelty (the number of stimuli used in the experiment). Proactive interference was modestly stronger when a smaller number of stimuli were used throughout the experiment, but proactive interference was minimally affected by the inter-trial interval. These findings are problematic for temporal models of forgetting, but Experiment 3 showed that proactive interference also resisted disruption produced by a secondary task presented within the inter-trial interval. Proactive interference was constantly present and generally resilient to the different manipulations. The combined data suggest a relatively durable, passive representation that can disrupt current working memory under a variety of different circumstances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Mercer
- Centre for Psychological Research, School of Psychology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ruby-Jane Jarvis
- Centre for Psychological Research, School of Psychology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rebekah Lawton
- Centre for Psychological Research, School of Psychology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Frankie Walters
- Centre for Psychological Research, School of Psychology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gupta P, Shah P, Gutnick SG, Vogelsang M, Vogelsang L, Tiwari K, Gandhi T, Ganesh S, Sinha P. Development of Visual Memory Capacity Following Early-Onset and Extended Blindness. Psychol Sci 2022; 33:847-858. [PMID: 35533319 PMCID: PMC9343893 DOI: 10.1177/09567976211056664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unknown whether visual memory capacity can develop if onset of pattern vision is delayed for several years following birth. We had an opportunity to address this question through our work with an unusual population of 12 congenitally blind individuals ranging in age from 8 to 22 years. After providing them with sight surgery, we longitudinally evaluated their visual memory capacity using an image-memorization task. Our findings revealed poor visual memory capacity soon after surgery but significant improvement in subsequent months. Although there may be limits to this improvement, performance 1 year after surgery was found to be comparable with that of control participants with matched visual acuity. These findings provide evidence for plasticity of visual memory mechanisms into late childhood but do not rule out vulnerability to early deprivation. Our computational simulations suggest that a potential mechanism to account for changes in memory performance may be progressive representational elaboration in image encoding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priti Gupta
- Amarnath and Shashi Khosla School of Information Technology, Indian Institute of Technology
| | - Pragya Shah
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences
| | - Sharon Gilad Gutnick
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Marin Vogelsang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.,School of Computer and Communication Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
| | - Lukas Vogelsang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.,Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
| | - Kashish Tiwari
- Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
| | - Tapan Gandhi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
| | - Suma Ganesh
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Sinha
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Redlinger E, Glas B, Rong Y. Impact of Visual Game-Like Features on Cognitive Performance in a Virtual Reality Working Memory Task: Within-Subjects Experiment. JMIR Serious Games 2022; 10:e35295. [PMID: 35482373 PMCID: PMC9100375 DOI: 10.2196/35295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the pursuit of improved cognitive function through working memory training has been the subject of decades of research, the recent growth in commercial adaptations of classic working memory tasks in the form of gamified apps warrants additional scrutiny. In particular, the emergence of virtual reality as a platform for cognitive training presents opportunities for the use of novel visual features. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to add to the body of knowledge regarding the use of game-like visual design elements by specifically examining the application of two particular visual features common to virtual reality environments: immersive, colorful backgrounds and the use of 3D depth. In addition, electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected to identify potential neural correlates of any observed changes in performance. METHODS A simple visual working memory task was presented to participants in several game-like adaptations, including the use of colorful, immersive backgrounds and 3D depth. The impact of each adaptation was separately assessed using both EEG and performance assessment outcomes and compared with an unmodified version of the task. RESULTS Results suggest that although accuracy and reaction time may be slightly affected by the introduction of such game elements, the effects were small and not statistically significant. Changes in EEG power, particularly in the beta and theta rhythms, were significant but failed to correlate with any corresponding changes in performance. Therefore, they may only reflect cognitive changes at the perceptual level. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the data suggest that the addition of these specific visual features to simple cognitive tasks does not appear to significantly affect performance or task-dependent cognitive load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Redlinger
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Institute of Innovative Research / Koike & Yoshimura Lab, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yang Rong
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Miller JK, Miller BR, O'Neil DA, Yuste R. An increase in spontaneous activity mediates visual habituation. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110751. [PMID: 35476991 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is spontaneously active, but the function of this ongoing activity remains unclear. To test whether spontaneous activity encodes learned experiences, we measured the response of neuronal populations in mouse primary visual cortex with chronic two-photon calcium imaging during visual habituation to a specific oriented stimulus. We find that, during habituation, spontaneous activity increases in neurons across the full range of orientation selectivity, eventually matching that of evoked levels. This increase in spontaneous activity robustly correlates with the degree of habituation. Moreover, boosting spontaneous activity with two-photon optogenetic stimulation to the levels of visually evoked activity accelerates habituation. Our study shows that cortical spontaneous activity is linked to habituation, and we propose that habituation unfolds by minimizing the difference between spontaneous and stimulus-evoked activity levels. We conclude that baseline spontaneous activity could gate incoming sensory information to the cortex based on the learned experience of the animal.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
When a log burns, it transforms from a block of wood into a pile of ash. Such state changes are among the most dramatic ways objects change, going beyond mere changes of position or orientation. How does the mind represent changes of state? A foundational result in visual cognition is that memory extrapolates the positions of moving objects-a distortion called representational momentum. Here, five experiments (N = 400 adults) exploited this phenomenon to investigate mental representations in state space. Participants who viewed objects undergoing state changes (e.g., ice melting, logs burning, or grapes shriveling) remembered them as more changed (e.g., more melted, burned, or shriveled) than they actually were. This pattern extended to several types of state changes, went beyond their low-level properties, and even adhered to their natural trajectories in state space. Thus, mental representations of objects actively incorporate how they change-not only in their relation to their environment, but also in their essential qualities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alon Hafri
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University.,Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Tal Boger
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University.,Department of Psychology, Yale University
| | - Chaz Firestone
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University.,Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University.,Department of Philosophy, Johns Hopkins University
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Visual scene context is well-known to facilitate the recognition of scene-congruent objects. Interestingly, however, according to predictive-processing accounts of brain function, scene congruency may lead to reduced (rather than enhanced) processing of congruent objects, compared with incongruent ones, because congruent objects elicit reduced prediction-error responses. We tested this counterintuitive hypothesis in two online behavioral experiments with human participants (N = 300). We found clear evidence for impaired perception of congruent objects, both in a change-detection task measuring response times and in a bias-free object-discrimination task measuring accuracy. Congruency costs were related to independent subjective congruency ratings. Finally, we show that the reported effects cannot be explained by low-level stimulus confounds, response biases, or top-down strategy. These results provide convincing evidence for perceptual congruency costs during scene viewing, in line with predictive-processing theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eelke Spaak
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University
| | - Marius V Peelen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University
| | - Floris P de Lange
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vestner T, Flavell JC, Cook R, Tipper SP. Remembered together: Social interaction facilitates retrieval while reducing individuation of features within bound representations. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021; 75:1593-1602. [PMID: 34663133 DOI: 10.1177/17470218211056499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
When encountering social scenes, there appears to be rapid and automatic detection of social interactions. Representations of interacting people appear to be bound together via a mechanism of joint attention, which results in enhanced memory, even when participants are unaware that memory is required. However, even though access is facilitated for socially bound representations, we predicted that the individual features of these representations are less efficiently encoded, and features can therefore migrate between the constituent interacting individuals. This was confirmed in Experiment 1, where overall memory for interacting compared with non-interacting dyads was facilitated but binding of features within an individual was weak, resulting in feature migration errors. Experiment 2 demonstrated the role of conscious strategic processing, where participants were aware that memory would be tested. With such awareness, attention can be focused on individual objects allowing the binding of features. The results support an account of two forms of processing: an initial automatic social binding process where interacting individuals are represented as one episode in memory facilitating access and a further stage where attention can be focused on each individual enabling the binding of features within individual objects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vestner
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Richard Cook
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sisakhti M, Sachdev PS, Batouli SAH. The Effect of Cognitive Load on the Retrieval of Long-Term Memory: An fMRI Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:700146. [PMID: 34720904 PMCID: PMC8548369 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.700146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the less well-understood aspects of memory function is the mechanism by which the brain responds to an increasing load of memory, either during encoding or retrieval. Identifying the brain structures which manage this increasing cognitive demand would enhance our knowledge of human memory. Despite numerous studies about the effect of cognitive loads on working memory processes, whether these can be applied to long-term memory processes is unclear. We asked 32 healthy young volunteers to memorize all possible details of 24 images over a 12-day period ending 2 days before the fMRI scan. The images were of 12 categories relevant to daily events, with each category including a high and a low load image. Behavioral assessments on a separate group of participants (#22) provided the average loads of the images. The participants had to retrieve these previously memorized images during the fMRI scan in 15 s, with their eyes closed. We observed seven brain structures showing the highest activation with increasing load of the retrieved images, viz. parahippocampus, cerebellum, superior lateral occipital, fusiform and lingual gyri, precuneus, and posterior cingulate gyrus. Some structures showed reduced activation when retrieving higher load images, such as the anterior cingulate, insula, and supramarginal and postcentral gyri. The findings of this study revealed that the mechanism by which a difficult-to-retrieve memory is handled is mainly by elevating the activation of the responsible brain areas and not by getting other brain regions involved, which is a help to better understand the LTM retrieval process in the human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Sisakhti
- Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Aging (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Monzel M, Vetterlein A, Reuter M. Memory deficits in aphantasics are not restricted to autobiographical memory - Perspectives from the Dual Coding Approach. J Neuropsychol 2021; 16:444-461. [PMID: 34719857 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Scene Construction Theory suggests similar neural mechanisms for visual imagery and autobiographical memory, supporting the seeming scientific consensus that a loss of visual imagery affects autobiographical memory. Based on the Dual Coding Theory and the Reverse Hierarchy Model, we also assumed influences of visual imagery on recent visual memory and even verbal memory, although little evidence has been provided so far. Thus, in a sample of 67 congenital aphantasics (= persons without mental imagery) and 32 demographically matched controls, it was investigated whether deficits in visual imagery are associated with deficits in visual as well as verbal short-term and long-term memory. The memory tasks were theoretically selected based on task difficulty, retrieval condition, and subcategories of stimuli, as previous null findings were attributed to insensitive tasks that were solvable by aphantasics by means of non-visual alternative strategies. Significant group differences were found in all memory components, with aphantasics performing worse than non-aphantasics. Therefore, evidence was obtained for the influence of visual imagery on all memory components beyond autobiographical memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Monzel
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Martin Reuter
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Germany.,Center for Economics and Neuroscience (CENs), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mazumder AH, Barnett J, Isometsä ET, Lindberg N, Torniainen-Holm M, Lähteenvuo M, Lahdensuo K, Kerkelä M, Ahola-Olli A, Hietala J, Kampman O, Kieseppä T, Jukuri T, Häkkinen K, Cederlöf E, Haaki W, Kajanne R, Wegelius A, Männynsalo T, Niemi-Pynttäri J, Suokas K, Lönnqvist J, Tiihonen J, Paunio T, Vainio SJ, Palotie A, Niemelä S, Suvisaari J, Veijola J. Reaction Time and Visual Memory in Connection to Hazardous Drinking Polygenic Scores in Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder and Bipolar Disorder. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111422. [PMID: 34827421 PMCID: PMC8615595 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the association of cognition with hazardous drinking Polygenic Scores (PGS) in 2649 schizophrenia, 558 schizoaffective disorder, and 1125 bipolar disorder patients in Finland. Hazardous drinking PGS was computed using the LDPred program. Participants performed two computerized tasks from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) on a tablet computer: the 5-choice serial reaction time task, or Reaction Time (RT) test, and the Paired Associative Learning (PAL) test. The association between hazardous drinking PGS and cognition was measured using four cognition variables. Log-linear regression was used in Reaction Time (RT) assessment, and logistic regression was used in PAL assessment. All analyses were conducted separately for males and females. After adjustment of age, age of onset, education, household pattern, and depressive symptoms, hazardous drinking PGS was not associated with reaction time or visual memory in male or female patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and bipolar disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atiqul Haq Mazumder
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jennifer Barnett
- Cambridge Cognition, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB25 9TU, UK;
| | - Erkki Tapio Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Nina Lindberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Minna Torniainen-Holm
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Kaisla Lahdensuo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martta Kerkelä
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
| | - Ari Ahola-Olli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Kampman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
- Department of Psychiatry, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuula Kieseppä
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Jukuri
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Katja Häkkinen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Erik Cederlöf
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Willehard Haaki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
| | - Risto Kajanne
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Asko Wegelius
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Teemu Männynsalo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Niemi-Pynttäri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Suokas
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, 11364 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Juhani Vainio
- Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Northern Finland Biobank Borealis, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Kvantum Institute, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Solja Niemelä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Saha A, Goel E, Samudra M, Chaudhury S, Saldanha D. Cognitive deficits in familial schizophrenia. Ind Psychiatry J 2021; 30:S83-S88. [PMID: 34908670 PMCID: PMC8611592 DOI: 10.4103/0972-6748.328793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia and has been observed in subjects with and without a family history of schizophrenia. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of research directly contrasting cognitive profiles in schizophrenia patients and normal people where family history is present and those where the family history is absent. AIM This stydy aimed to compare cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia who had a family history with those that did not and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty consecutive schizophrenia patients were assessed on admission and follow-up after 6 months of treatment using a specially prepared pro forma, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and the PGI Battery of brain dysfunction is the name give to the test. An equal number of age- and sex-matched normal control subjects were also assessed. RESULTS Visual memory scores in this study show improvement between baseline and follow-up in schizophrenia patients with/without a family history. Both verbal learning and memory increase between baseline and follow-up but do not reach control levels. Reasoning and problem-solving deficits follow a similar pattern and are causative in the inability to adapt to a changing world. Speed of processing shows improvement with treatment. Working memory deficits in patients improve with treatment. CONCLUSIONS In this study, all six cognitive domain scores in schizophrenia improved after 6 months of treatment but did not reach the control population level. Individuals with the highest cognitive deficits in the scales were the ones who had a family history of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneek Saha
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ekram Goel
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhura Samudra
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suprakash Chaudhury
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Daniel Saldanha
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Stefanidou M, O’Donnell A, Himali JJ, DeCarli C, Satizabal C, Beiser AS, Seshadri S, Zaldy T. Bone Mineral Density Measurements and Association With Brain Structure and Cognitive Function: The Framingham Offspring Cohort. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2021; 35:291-297. [PMID: 33973881 PMCID: PMC8608007 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone mineral density (BMD) is a potential surrogate marker of lifetime estrogen exposure previously linked to increased risk of Alzheimer dementia among elderly women. We examine the association between BMD in the "young old" with imaging biomarkers of brain aging and cognitive performance. METHODS Offspring participants (N=1905, mean age 66) of a population-based cohort who had BMD, brain imaging and detailed cognitive assessment were included in the study. Sex-stratified, linear, and logistic regression models were used for analysis. RESULTS Higher femoral neck BMD was associated with lower white matter hyperintensity burden and better performance on Trails B-A in both sexes, even after adjustment for cerebrovascular risk factors. Among women, the positive association with Trails B-A performance was seen only in APOE4 allele carriers. Higher BMD measurements were linked to better visual reproductions test performance in men. Finally, among women, higher femoral trochanter BMD was associated with better logical memory and Hooper visual organization test performance. CONCLUSION Among the "young old," higher BMD is associated with less white matter hyperintensity burden and better, domain-specific, cognitive performance. This suggests that lifetime estrogen exposure may modulate the degree of cumulative vascular brain injury independent of cerebrovascular risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefanidou
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Adrienne O’Donnell
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jayandra J. Himali
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Claudia Satizabal
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases
| | - Alexa S. Beiser
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases
| | - Tan Zaldy
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Campos-Magdaleno M, Leiva D, Pereiro AX, Lojo-Seoane C, Mallo SC, Facal D, Juncos-Rabadán O. Changes in visual memory in mild cognitive impairment: a longitudinal study with CANTAB. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2465-2475. [PMID: 32375918 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720001142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as a stage in the cognitive continuum between normal ageing and dementia, is mainly characterized by memory impairment. The aims of this study were to examine CANTAB measures of temporal changes of visual memory in MCI and to evaluate the usefulness of the baseline scores for predicting changes in cognitive status. METHODS The study included 201 participants aged over 50 years with subjective cognitive complaints. Visual memory was assessed with four CANTAB tests [paired associates learning (PAL), delayed matching to sample (DMS), pattern recognition memory (PRM) and spatial span (SSP)] administered at baseline and on two further occasions, with a follow-up interval of 18-24 months. Participants were divided into three groups according to the change in their cognitive status: participants with subjective cognitive complaints who remained stable, MCI participants who remained stable (MCI-Stable) and MCI participants whose cognitive deterioration continued (MCI-Worsened). Linear mixed models were used to model longitudinal changes, with evaluation time as a fixed variable, and multinomial regression models were used to predict changes in cognitive status. RESULTS Isolated significant effects were obtained for age and group with all CANTAB tests used. Interactions between evaluation time and group were identified in the PAL and DMS tests, indicating different temporal patterns depending on the changes in cognitive status. Regression models also indicated that CANTAB scores were good predictors of changes in cognitive status. CONCLUSIONS Decline in visual memory measured by PAL and DMS tests can successfully distinguish different types of MCI, and considered together PAL, DMS, PRM and SSP can predict changes in cognitive status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Campos-Magdaleno
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - David Leiva
- Department of Methodology of Behavioural Sciences, University of Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Arturo X Pereiro
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Cristina Lojo-Seoane
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Sabela C Mallo
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - David Facal
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Neuromorphic engineering, a methodology for emulating synaptic functions or neural systems, has attracted tremendous attention for achieving next-generation artificial intelligence technologies in the field of electronics and photonics. However, to emulate human visual memory, an active pixel sensor array for neuromorphic photonics has yet to be demonstrated, even though it can implement an artificial neuron array in hardware because individual pixels can act as artificial neurons. Here, we present a neuromorphic active pixel image sensor array (NAPISA) chip based on an amorphous oxide semiconductor heterostructure, emulating the human visual memory. In the 8 × 8 NAPISA chip, each pixel with a select transistor and a neuromorphic phototransistor is based on a solution-processed indium zinc oxide back channel layer and sputtered indium gallium zinc oxide front channel layer. These materials are used as a triggering layer for persistent photoconductivity and a high-performance channel layer with outstanding uniformity. The phototransistors in the pixels exhibit both photonic potentiation and depression characteristics by a constant negative and positive gate bias due to charge trapping/detrapping. The visual memory and forgetting behaviors of the NAPISA can be successfully demonstrated by using the pulsed light stencil method without any software or simulation. This study provides valuable information to other neuromorphic devices and systems for next-generation artificial intelligence technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seongin Hong
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78758, Texas, United States
| | - Haewon Cho
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ha Kang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Park
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Deji Akinwande
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78758, Texas, United States
| | - Hyun Jae Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkook Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Avedesian JM, Covassin T, Baez S, Nash J, Nagelhout E, Dufek JS. Relationship Between Cognitive Performance and Lower Extremity Biomechanics: Implications for Sports-Related Concussion. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211032246. [PMID: 34458386 PMCID: PMC8388230 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211032246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Collegiate athletes with prior sports-related concussion (SRC) are at increased risk for lower extremity (LE) injuries; however, the biomechanical and cognitive mechanisms underlying the SRC-LE injury relationship are not well understood. Purpose To examine the association between cognitive performance and LE land-and-cut biomechanics among collegiate athletes with and without a history of SRC and to determine the association among multiple cognitive testing batteries in the same athlete cohort. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods A cohort of 20 collegiate athletes with prior SRC (9 men, 11 women; mean ± standard deviation [SD] age, 20.5 ± 1.3 years; mean ± SD time since last SRC, 461 ± 263 days) and 20 matched controls (9 men, 11 women; mean ± SD age, 19.8 ± 1.3 years) completed land-and-cut tasks using the dominant and nondominant limbs. LE biomechanical variables and a functional visuomotor reaction time (FVMRT) were collected during each trial. Athletes also completed the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) and Senaptec Sensory Station assessments. Results In the SRC cohort, Pearson correlation coefficients indicated slower FVMRT was moderately correlated with decreased dominant limb (r = -0.512) and nondominant limb (r = -0.500) knee flexion, while increased dominant limb knee abduction moment was moderately correlated with decreased ImPACT Visual Memory score (r = -0.539) and slower ImPACT Reaction Time (r = 0.515). Most computerized cognitive measures were not associated with FVMRT in either cohort (P > .05). Conclusion Decreased reaction time and working memory performance were moderately correlated with decreased sagittal plane knee motion and increased frontal plane knee loading in collegiate athletes with a history of SRC. The present findings suggest a potential unique relationship between cognitive performance and LE neuromuscular control in athletes with a history of SRC injury. Last, we determined that computerized measures of cognitive performance often utilized for SRC management are dissimilar to sport-specific cognitive processes. Clinical Relevance Understanding the relationship between cognitive performance and LE biomechanics in athletes with prior SRC may inform future clinical management strategies. Future research should prospectively assess cognitive and biomechanical measures, along with LE injury incidence, to identify mechanisms underlying the SRC-LE injury relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Avedesian
- Emory Sports Performance and Research Center, Flowery Branch, Georgia, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Tracey Covassin
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Shelby Baez
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer Nash
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Ed Nagelhout
- Department of English, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Janet S Dufek
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mazumder AH, Barnett J, Isometsä ET, Lindberg N, Torniainen-Holm M, Lähteenvuo M, Lahdensuo K, Kerkelä M, Ahola-Olli A, Hietala J, Kampman O, Kieseppä T, Jukuri T, Häkkinen K, Cederlöf E, Haaki W, Kajanne R, Wegelius A, Männynsalo T, Niemi-Pynttäri J, Suokas K, Lönnqvist J, Tiihonen J, Paunio T, Vainio SJ, Palotie A, Niemelä S, Suvisaari J, Veijola J. Reaction Time and Visual Memory in Connection to Alcohol Use in Persons with Bipolar Disorder. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091154. [PMID: 34573174 PMCID: PMC8467646 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the association of cognition with hazardous drinking and alcohol-related disorder in persons with bipolar disorder (BD). The study population included 1268 persons from Finland with bipolar disorder. Alcohol use was assessed through hazardous drinking and alcohol-related disorder including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Hazardous drinking was screened with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for Consumption (AUDIT-C) screening tool. Alcohol-related disorder diagnoses were obtained from the national registrar data. Participants performed two computerized tasks from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) on A tablet computer: the 5-choice serial reaction time task, or reaction time (RT) test and the Paired Associative Learning (PAL) test. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Mental Health Inventory with five items (MHI-5). However, no assessment of current manic symptoms was available. Association between RT-test and alcohol use was analyzed with log-linear regression, and eβ with 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported. PAL first trial memory score was analyzed with linear regression, and β with 95% CI are reported. PAL total errors adjusted was analyzed with logistic regression and odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI are reported. After adjustment of age, education, housing status and depression, hazardous drinking was associated with lower median and less variable RT in females while AUD was associated with a poorer PAL test performance in terms of the total errors adjusted scores in females. Our findings of positive associations between alcohol use and cognition in persons with bipolar disorder are difficult to explain because of the methodological flaw of not being able to separately assess only participants in euthymic phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atiqul Haq Mazumder
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jennifer Barnett
- Cambridge Cognition, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB25 9TU, UK;
| | - Erkki Tapio Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Nina Lindberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Minna Torniainen-Holm
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Kaisla Lahdensuo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martta Kerkelä
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
| | - Ari Ahola-Olli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Kampman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
- Department of Psychiatry, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuula Kieseppä
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Jukuri
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Katja Häkkinen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Erik Cederlöf
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Willehard Haaki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
| | - Risto Kajanne
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Asko Wegelius
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Teemu Männynsalo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Niemi-Pynttäri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Suokas
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, 11364 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (E.T.I.); (N.L.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Juhani Vainio
- Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Northern Finland Biobank Borealis, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Kvantum Institute, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (A.A.-O.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Solja Niemelä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Marian V, Hayakawa S, Schroeder SR. Cross-Modal Interaction Between Auditory and Visual Input Impacts Memory Retrieval. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:661477. [PMID: 34381328 PMCID: PMC8350348 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.661477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
How we perceive and learn about our environment is influenced by our prior experiences and existing representations of the world. Top-down cognitive processes, such as attention and expectations, can alter how we process sensory stimuli, both within a modality (e.g., effects of auditory experience on auditory perception), as well as across modalities (e.g., effects of visual feedback on sound localization). Here, we demonstrate that experience with different types of auditory input (spoken words vs. environmental sounds) modulates how humans remember concurrently-presented visual objects. Participants viewed a series of line drawings (e.g., picture of a cat) displayed in one of four quadrants while listening to a word or sound that was congruent (e.g., "cat" or <meow>), incongruent (e.g., "motorcycle" or <vroom-vroom>), or neutral (e.g., a meaningless pseudoword or a tonal beep) relative to the picture. Following the encoding phase, participants were presented with the original drawings plus new drawings and asked to indicate whether each one was "old" or "new." If a drawing was designated as "old," participants then reported where it had been displayed. We find that words and sounds both elicit more accurate memory for what objects were previously seen, but only congruent environmental sounds enhance memory for where objects were positioned - this, despite the fact that the auditory stimuli were not meaningful spatial cues of the objects' locations on the screen. Given that during real-world listening conditions, environmental sounds, but not words, reliably originate from the location of their referents, listening to sounds may attune the visual dorsal pathway to facilitate attention and memory for objects' locations. We propose that audio-visual associations in the environment and in our previous experience jointly contribute to visual memory, strengthening visual memory through exposure to auditory input.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viorica Marian
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Sayuri Hayakawa
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Scott R Schroeder
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.,Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Beh HC, Tan HJ, Hod R, Khoo CS, Mohamad K. Prevalence and Factors Influencing Visual Memory Dysfunction among Epilepsy Patients-A Single-Center Study. Neurol India 2021; 68:581-585. [PMID: 32643667 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.289011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Epilepsy is associated with cognitive impairment due to the disease itself or side-effects of antiepileptic drugs. Objective We aimed to study the prevalence of visual memory dysfunction among epilepsy patients and identify the predictors that could contribute to the impairment. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study. We analyzed 250 patients with epilepsy from neurology clinic at our tertiary center. Assessment of visual memory was done using Wechsler Memory Scale-IV (WMS-IV) with scores from subsets of visual reproduction I, II and designs I, II contributing to visual memory index (VMI) score. The correlation between continuous variables was analyzed using Pearson correlation; whereas the VMI scores of different factors were analyzed via a 1-way ANOVA test. The statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results The prevalence of visual memory dysfunction in our epilepsy population was 37.2%. Analysis of individual predictors showed that older patients, lower educational level, combined generalized and focal types of epilepsy, longer duration of epilepsy, greater number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used, and abnormal neuroimaging contributed to poor visual memory. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that educational level, types of epilepsy, and the number of AEDs used were significant predictors for visual memory impairment. Conclusion Visual memory dysfunction in patients with epilepsy was due to manifold confounding factors. Our findings enabled us to identify patients with visual memory dysfunction and modifiable factors that contribute to it. WMS-IV is a suitable assessment tool to determine visual memory function, which can help clinicians to optimize the patients' treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chien Beh
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Jan Tan
- Department of Medicine; Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ching-Soong Khoo
- Department of Medicine; Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairiyah Mohamad
- Department of Medicine; Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mazumder AH, Barnett J, Lindberg N, Torniainen-Holm M, Lähteenvuo M, Lahdensuo K, Kerkelä M, Hietala J, Isometsä ET, Kampman O, Kieseppä T, Jukuri T, Häkkinen K, Cederlöf E, Haaki W, Kajanne R, Wegelius A, Männynsalo T, Niemi-Pynttäri J, Suokas K, Lönnqvist J, Niemelä S, Tiihonen J, Paunio T, Palotie A, Suvisaari J, Veijola J. Reaction Time and Visual Memory in Connection with Alcohol Use in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060688. [PMID: 34071123 PMCID: PMC8224767 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the association between cognition and hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorder in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Cognition is more or less compromised in schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder and alcohol use might aggravate this phenomenon. The study population included 3362 individuals from Finland with diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Hazardous drinking was screened with the AUDIT-C (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for Consumption) screening tool. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnoses were obtained from national registrar data. Participants performed two computerized tasks from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) on a tablet computer: The Five-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5-CSRTT) or the reaction time (RT) test and the Paired Associative Learning (PAL) test. The association between alcohol use and the RT and PAL tests was analyzed with log-linear regression and logistic regression, respectively. After adjustment for age, education, housing status, and the age at which the respondents had their first psychotic episodes, hazardous drinking was associated with a lower median RT in females and less variable RT in males, while AUD was associated with a poorer PAL test performance in terms of the total errors adjusted scores (TEASs) in females. Our findings of positive associations between alcohol and cognition in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are unique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atiqul Haq Mazumder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jennifer Barnett
- Cambridge Cognition, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB25 9TU, UK;
| | - Nina Lindberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (N.L.); (E.I.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Minna Torniainen-Holm
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Markku Lähteenvuo
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Kaisla Lahdensuo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martta Kerkelä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Erkki Tapio Isometsä
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (N.L.); (E.I.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Olli Kampman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
- Department of Psychiatry, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuula Kieseppä
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (N.L.); (E.I.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Jukuri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Katja Häkkinen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Erik Cederlöf
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Willehard Haaki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
| | - Risto Kajanne
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Asko Wegelius
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (N.L.); (E.I.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Teemu Männynsalo
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Niemi-Pynttäri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Social Services and Health Care Sector, City of Helsinki, 00099 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Suokas
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Solja Niemelä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; (J.H.); (S.N.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70240 Kuopio, Finland; (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.T.)
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, 11364 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (N.L.); (E.I.); (T.K.); (A.W.); (T.P.)
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.L.); (W.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (J.N.-P.); (K.S.); (A.P.)
- Mehiläinen, Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 17 C, 00260 Helsinki, Finland
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (M.T.-H.); (E.C.); (J.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (M.K.); (T.J.); (J.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lerud KD, Vines BW, Shinde AB, Schlaug G. Modulating short-term auditory memory with focal transcranial direct current stimulation applied to the supramarginal gyrus. Neuroreport 2021; 32:702-710. [PMID: 33852539 PMCID: PMC8085037 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can affect performance by decreasing regional excitability in a brain region that contributes to the task of interest. To our knowledge, no research to date has found both enhancing and diminishing effects on performance, depending upon which polarity of the current is applied. The supramarginal gyrus (SMG) is an ideal brain region for testing tDCS effects because it is easy to identify using the 10-20 electroencephalography coordinate system, and results of neuroimaging studies have implicated the left SMG in short-term memory for phonological and nonphonological sounds. In the present study, we found that applying tDCS to the left SMG affected pitch memory in a manner that depended upon the polarity of stimulation: cathodal tDCS had a negative impact on performance whereas anodal tDCS had a positive impact. These effects were significantly different from sham stimulation, which did not influence performance; they were also specific to the left hemisphere - no effect was found when applying cathodal stimulation to the right SMG - and were unique to pitch memory as opposed to memory for visual shapes. Our results provide further evidence that the left SMG is a nodal point for short-term auditory storage and demonstrate the potential of tDCS to influence cognitive performance and to causally examine hypotheses derived from neuroimaging studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl D. Lerud
- Department of Neurology and Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center – UMass Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Bradley W. Vines
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anant B. Shinde
- Department of Neurology and Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center – UMass Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Applied Life Sciences, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gottfried Schlaug
- Department of Neurology and Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center – UMass Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Applied Life Sciences, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chan AS, Lee TL, Hamblin MR, Cheung MC. Photobiomodulation Enhances Memory Processing in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1471-1480. [PMID: 33998541 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies of photobiomodulation (PBM) in patients with cognitive or psychological disorders (including traumatic brain injury, stroke, and dementia) have yielded some encouraging results. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a single stimulation on memory in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS After PBM, hemodynamic changes, as a measure of functional brain activity, were evaluated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Eighteen subjects who met the criteria of MCI were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. A single real or sham PBM session was administered to the forehead of each patient in the experimental and control groups, respectively. All subjects performed a visual memory span test before and after the stimulation, and their hemodynamic responses during the tasks were measured using fNIRS. RESULTS The results showed that among the MCI subjects, only those who received PBM, but not those who received the sham stimulation, demonstrated significant improvement in the visual memory performance and a reduction in the hemodynamic response during the tasks. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that PBM may reduce the cognitive efforts needed to complete tasks that require high memory loads, and thus improve the cognitive performance of individuals with MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz-Lok Lee
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Mei-Chun Cheung
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Barnett MD, Childers LG, Parsons TD. A Virtual Kitchen Protocol to Measure Everyday Memory Functioning for Meal Preparation. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050571. [PMID: 33946770 PMCID: PMC8146022 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed the Virtual Kitchen Protocol (VKP), a virtual reality-based measure of everyday memory functioning for meal preparation tasks. We investigated the construct validity of the VKP by comparing the performance of young adults (n = 41) and older adults without (n = 52) and with (n = 7) a neurocognitive diagnosis, as well as by examining correlations with standardized measures of verbal and visual memory. The results show that young adults had higher recall than older adults and that the VKP was sensitive to neurocognitive impairment among older adults. The VKP demonstrated moderate to high correlations with other memory tests. These results support the construct validity of the VKP and suggest that it holds promise as a virtual reality-based measure of memory for meal preparation tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Barnett
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, The University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Boulevard, Tyler, TX 75799, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucas G. Childers
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, The University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Boulevard, Tyler, TX 75799, USA;
| | - Thomas D. Parsons
- iCenter for Affective Neurotechnologies (iCAN), College of Information, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dopamine transporter gene (DAT1), striatal network dysfunction, and visual memory deficits have been consistently reported to be associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to examine the effects of the DAT1 rs27048 (C)/rs429699 (T) haplotype on striatal functional connectivity and visual memory performance in youths with ADHD. METHOD After excluding those who had excessive head motion, a total of 96 drug-naïve youths with ADHD and 114 typically developing (TD) youths were assessed with the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and the delayed matching to sample (DMS) task for visual memory. We examined the effects of ADHD, DAT1 CT haplotype, and the ADHD × CT haplotype interaction on the functional connectivity of five striatal seeds. We also correlated visual memory performance with the functional connectivity of striatal subregions, which showed significant diagnosis × genotype interactions. RESULTS Compared with TD youths, ADHD youths showed significant hypoconnectivity of the left dorsal caudate (DC) with bilateral sensorimotor clusters. Significant diagnosis × genotype interactions were found in the connectivity between the left DC and the right sensorimotor cluster, and between the right DC and the left dorsolateral prefrontal/bilateral anterior cingulate clusters. Furthermore, the connectivity of the left DC showing significant diagnosis × genotype interactions was associated with DMS performance in youths with ADHD who carried the DAT1 CT haplotype. CONCLUSIONS A novel gene-brain-behavior association between the left DC functional connectivity and visual memory performance in ADHD youths with the DAT1 rs27048 (C)/rs429699 (T) haplotype suggests a differential effect of DAT1 genotype altering specific brain function causing neuropsychological dysfunction in ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yung Shang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kaufmann D, Sollmann N, Kaufmann E, Veggeberg R, Tripodis Y, Wrobel PP, Kochsiek J, Martin BM, Lin AP, Coleman MJ, Alosco ML, Pasternak O, Bouix S, Stern RA, Shenton ME, Koerte IK. Age at First Exposure to Tackle Football is Associated with Cortical Thickness in Former Professional American Football Players. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3426-3434. [PMID: 33676369 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Younger age at first exposure (AFE) to repetitive head impacts while playing American football increases the risk for later-life neuropsychological symptoms and brain alterations. However, it is not known whether AFE is associated with cortical thickness in American football players. Sixty-three former professional National Football League players (55.5 ± 7.7 years) with cognitive, behavioral, and mood symptoms underwent neuroimaging and neuropsychological testing. First, the association between cortical thickness and AFE was tested. Second, the relationship between clusters of decreased cortical thickness and verbal and visual memory, and composite measures of mood/behavior and attention/psychomotor speed was assessed. AFE was positively correlated with cortical thickness in the right superior frontal cortex (cluster-wise P value [CWP] = 0.0006), the left parietal cortex (CWP = 0.0003), and the occipital cortices (right: CWP = 0.0023; left: CWP = 0.0008). A positive correlation was found between cortical thickness of the right superior frontal cortex and verbal memory (R = 0.333, P = 0.019), and the right occipital cortex and visual memory (R = 0.360, P = 0.012). In conclusion, our results suggest an association between younger AFE and decreased cortical thickness, which in turn is associated with worse neuropsychological performance. Furthermore, an association between younger AFE and signs of neurodegeneration later in life in symptomatic former American football players seems likely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Kaufmann
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80337 Munich, Germany.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Sollmann
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80337 Munich, Germany.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaufmann
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80337 Munich, Germany.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Rosanna Veggeberg
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Pawel P Wrobel
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80337 Munich, Germany.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Janna Kochsiek
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80337 Munich, Germany.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brett M Martin
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alexander P Lin
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael J Coleman
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael L Alosco
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Robert A Stern
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Boston University CTE Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA 02301, USA
| | - Inga K Koerte
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80337 Munich, Germany.,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Paxton JL, Resch ZJ, Cation B, Lapitan F, Obolsky MA, Calderone V, Fink JW, Lee RC, Soble JR, Pliskin NH. The relationship between neuropsychological dispersion, processing speed and memory after electrical injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2021; 43:144-155. [PMID: 33648409 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2021.1889989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies of neuropsychological performance in electrical injury (EI) patients have produced evidence of deficits in various cognitive domains, but studies have yet to investigate relationships among performance in cognitive domains post-EI. This study examined whether dispersion among neuropsychological test scores was associated with injury parameters and neuropsychological performance in EI patients. Additionally, we examined whether dispersion, processing speed and/or executive abilities explain variance in episodic verbal and visual memory performance among EI patients.Method: Data from 52 post-acute EI patients undergoing outpatient evaluation with objectively-verified valid neuropsychological test performance were examined. Tests included measures of verbal and visual memory, processing speed, and executive functioning. Dispersion was calculated from executive functioning and processing speed scores.Results: Dispersion was not related to mean performance or injury characteristics, but was significantly negatively correlated with performance on a test of processing speed, suggesting that increased dispersion is associated with reduced cognitive efficiency post-EI. Delayed visual memory was related to both dispersion scores and processing speed. Stepwise regression equations predicting delayed memory determined that processing speed most significantly predicted delayed visual memory, even after controlling for immediate visual memory. No significant relationships emerged between verbal memory and non-memory neuropsychological scores.Conclusions: This is the first study to examine neuropsychological dispersion and relationships among domains of cognitive functioning in EI. Current results suggested that neuropsychological dispersion is not a marker of general functioning or severity of injury in EI patients, but may represent more specific processing speed abilities. Processing speed predicts delayed visual memory performance in EI patients, which should be considered in interpreting test scores during evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Paxton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zachary J Resch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bailey Cation
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Franchezka Lapitan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maximillian A Obolsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, Roosevelt University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Veroly Calderone
- The Chicago Electrical Trauma Rehabilitation Institute (CETRI), Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph W Fink
- The Chicago Electrical Trauma Rehabilitation Institute (CETRI), Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Raphael C Lee
- The Chicago Electrical Trauma Rehabilitation Institute (CETRI), Chicago, IL, USA.,Departments of Surgery, Medicine and Organismal Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason R Soble
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neil H Pliskin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Chicago Electrical Trauma Rehabilitation Institute (CETRI), Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shi H, Li M, Shi J, Zhang D, Fan Z, Zhang M, Liu L. Self-Assembled Peptide Nanofibers with Voltage-Regulated Inverse Photoconductance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:1057-1064. [PMID: 33378176 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inverse photoconductance is an uncommon phenomenon observed in selective low-dimensional materials, in which the electrical conductivity of the materials decreases under light illumination. The unique material property holds great promise for biomedical applications in photodetectors, photoelectric logic gates, and low-power nonvolatile memory, which remains a daunting challenge. Especially, tunable photoconductivity for biocompatible materials is highly desired for interfacing with biological systems but is less explored in organic materials. Here, we report nanofibers self-assembled with cyclo-tyrosine-tyrosine (cyclo-YY) having voltage-regulated inverse photoconductance and photoconductance. The peptide nanofibers can be switched back and forth by a bias voltage for imitating biological sensing in artificial vision and memory devices. A peptide optoelectronic resistive random access memory (PORRAM) device has also been fabricated using the nanofibers that can be electrically switched between long-term and short-term memory. The underlying mechanism of the reversible photoconductance is discussed in this paper. Due to the inherent biocompatibility of peptide materials, the reversible photoconductive nanofibers may have broad applications in sensing and storage for biotic and abiotic interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minglin Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Instrumentation and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou 350108, China
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jialin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dindong Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kim BM, Kim MS, Kim JS. Alterations of Functional Connectivity During the Resting State and Their Associations With Visual Memory in College Students Who Binge Drink. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:600437. [PMID: 33424567 PMCID: PMC7793784 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.600437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the characteristics of neural oscillation and functional connectivity (FC) in college students engaging in binge drinking (BD) using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG). Also, the associations of visual memory, evaluated by the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT), and neural oscillation with FC during the resting state were investigated. The BD (n = 35) and non-BD (n = 35) groups were selected based on scores of the Korean version of the Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) Identification Test and the Alcohol Use Questionnaire. EEG was performed for 6 min while the participants rested with eyes closed. The theta, lower-alpha, and upper alpha powers did not differ between the BD and non-BD groups. Concerning FC, the BD group exhibited stronger theta coherence than that of the non-BD group, and in the lower and upper alpha bands, the BD group showed stronger coherence in some areas but weaker coherence in others compared with the non-BD group. However, these significant results were not observed after Bonferroni correction. The BD group showed significantly lower delayed recall scores on the RCFT than did the non-BD group. A positive correlation between the left prefrontal-parietal-occipital midline connection and performance on the delayed recall of the RCFT was observed in the BD group. The present results could suggest that binge drinkers have alterations in brain FC, which may be related to their visual memory deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Mi Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Sun Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - June Sic Kim
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Walø-Syversen G, Kvalem IL, Kristinsson J, Eribe IL, Rø Ø, Brunborg C, Dahlgren CL. Visual, Verbal and Everyday Memory 2 Years After Bariatric Surgery: Poorer Memory Performance at 1-Year Follow-Up. Front Psychol 2021; 11:607834. [PMID: 33488469 PMCID: PMC7820680 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe obesity has been associated with reduced performance on tests of verbal memory in bariatric surgery candidates. There is also some evidence that bariatric surgery leads to improved verbal memory, yet these findings need further elucidation. Little is known regarding postoperative memory changes in the visual domain and how patients subjectively experience their everyday memory after surgery. The aim of the current study was to repeat and extend prior findings on postoperative memory by investigating visual, verbal, and self-reported everyday memory following surgery, and to examine whether weight loss and somatic comorbidity predict memory performance. The study was a prospective, observational study in which participants (n = 48) underwent cognitive testing at baseline, 1 and 2 years after bariatric surgery. Repeated measures analyses of variance revealed significantly poorer visual and verbal memory performance at the 1-year follow-up, with performance subsequently returning to baseline levels after 2 years. Verbal learning and self-reported everyday memory did not show significant postoperative changes. Memory performance at 1 year was not significantly predicted by weight loss, changes in C-reactive protein levels or postoperative somatic comorbidity (Type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, and hypertension). The study demonstrated poorer visual and verbal memory performance at 1-year follow-up that returned to baseline levels after 2 years. These findings are in contrast to most previous studies and require further replication, however, the results indicate that postoperative memory improvements following bariatric surgery are not universal. Findings suggest that treatment providers should also be aware of patients potentially having poorer memory at 1 year following surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gro Walø-Syversen
- Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jon Kristinsson
- Centre for Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger L Eribe
- Centre for Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Rø
- Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Lindvall Dahlgren
- Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kuhbandner C. Real-World Objects Are Represented in Visual Long-Term Memory Both as Unbound Features and as Bound Objects. Front Psychol 2020; 11:580667. [PMID: 33364997 PMCID: PMC7751091 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.580667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
47
|
Abstract
Environment-adaptable photonic-electronic-coupled devices can help overcome major challenges related to the extraction of highly specific angular information, such as human visual perception. However, a true implementation of such a device has rarely been investigated thus far. Herein, we provide an approach and demonstrate a proof-of-concept solid-state semiconductor-based highly transparent, optical-electrical-coupled, self-adaptive angular visual perception system that can fulfill the versatile criteria of the human vision system. Specifically, all of the primitive functions of visual perception, such as broad angular sensing, processing, and manifold memory storage, are demonstrated and comodulated using optical and electric pulses. This development represents an essential step forward in the fabrication of an environment-adaptable artificial angular perception framework with deep implications in the fields of optoelectronics, artificial eyes, and memory storage applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseong Lim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwan Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungtak Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Thomschewski A, Gerner N, Langthaler PB, Trinka E, Bathke AC, Fell J, Höller Y. Automatic vs. Manual Detection of High Frequency Oscillations in Intracranial Recordings From the Human Temporal Lobe. Front Neurol 2020; 11:563577. [PMID: 33192999 PMCID: PMC7604344 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.563577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High frequency oscillations (HFOs) have attracted great interest among neuroscientists and epileptologists in recent years. Not only has their occurrence been linked to epileptogenesis, but also to physiologic processes, such as memory consolidation. There are at least two big challenges for HFO research. First, detection, when performed manually, is time consuming and prone to rater biases, but when performed automatically, it is biased by artifacts mimicking HFOs. Second, distinguishing physiologic from pathologic HFOs in patients with epilepsy is problematic. Here we automatically and manually detected HFOs in intracranial EEGs (iEEG) of patients with epilepsy, recorded during a visual memory task in order to assess the feasibility of the different detection approaches to identify task-related ripples, supporting the physiologic nature of HFOs in the temporal lobe. Methods: Ten patients with unclear seizure origin and bilaterally implanted macroelectrodes took part in a visual memory consolidation task. In addition to iEEG, scalp EEG, electrooculography (EOG), and facial electromyography (EMG) were recorded. iEEG channels contralateral to the suspected epileptogenic zone were inspected visually for HFOs. Furthermore, HFOs were marked automatically using an RMS detector and a Stockwell classifier. We compared the two detection approaches and assessed a possible link between task performance and HFO occurrence during encoding and retrieval trials. Results: HFO occurrence rates were significantly lower when events were marked manually. The automatic detection algorithm was greatly biased by filter-artifacts. Surprisingly, EOG artifacts as seen on scalp electrodes appeared to be linked to many HFOs in the iEEG. Occurrence rates could not be associated to memory performance, and we were not able to detect strictly defined "clear" ripples. Conclusion: Filtered graphoelements in the EEG are known to mimic HFOs and thus constitute a problem. So far, in invasive EEG recordings mostly technical artifacts and filtered epileptiform discharges have been considered as sources for these "false" HFOs. The data at hand suggests that even ocular artifacts might bias automatic detection in invasive recordings. Strict guidelines and standards for HFO detection are necessary in order to identify artifact-derived HFOs, especially in conditions when cognitive tasks might produce a high amount of artifacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aljoscha Thomschewski
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Department of Mathematics, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria,Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria,*Correspondence: Aljoscha Thomschewski
| | - Nathalie Gerner
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Patrick B. Langthaler
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Department of Mathematics, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Arne C. Bathke
- Department of Mathematics, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria,Intelligent Data Analytics Lab Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jürgen Fell
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yvonne Höller
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Powell J, Blake L, Wyman-Chick K, Daniel M. Brief visuospatial memory test-revised normative data and form equivalency for adults ages 80-89. Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 36:1589-1598. [PMID: 33019876 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2020.1824279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide normative data and examine form equivalency of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) in a sample of 9th decade adults. Method: The sample was comprised of 90 healthy individuals ages 80-84 (n = 42) and 85-89 (n = 48). The average years of education was 14.8 (2.4). The BVMT-R Forms 1 and 4 were administered in a counterbalanced order, one week apart. Form equivalency was conducted utilizing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: There were no significant gender, education, or MMSE differences between the two age groups or between the counterbalanced subgroups. There were no significant differences between Forms 1 and 4 for the 80-84 age group. However, BVMT-R Form 1 Trial 1 and Total Recall raw scores were significantly higher than those for Form 4 in the 85-89 age group. Conclusions: Individuals in their early 80s obtained comparable scores on Forms 1 and 4 of the BVMT-R; however, individuals in their late 80 s showed more difficulty learning and recalling information presented in Form 4 compared to Form 1. It is recommended that clinicians consider form-specific normative data with this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Powell
- Clinical Psychology, Midwestern University College of Health Sciences, Glendale, AZ, USA.,Banner Sun Health Research Institute Cleo Roberts Center, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Lauren Blake
- Clinical Psychology, Midwestern University College of Health Sciences, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Kathryn Wyman-Chick
- HealthPartners Center for Memory and Aging, Saint Paul, MN, USA.,HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Daniel
- Pacific University School of Professional Psychology, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Karmakar S, Sarkar S. Beneficial aspects of autism stemming from enhanced visuospatial skills: Result from a comparative study in India. Indian J Psychiatry 2020; 62:540-543. [PMID: 33678835 PMCID: PMC7909016 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_667_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a relatively common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, associated with restrictive and repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities. However, there are various positive character traits among individuals suffering from ASD - they are generally honest, decisive, and nonjudgmental. They are also reported to have excellent attention to details, which have been ascribed to their enhanced visual search skills. AIM Our study was undertaken to assess these visuospatial perception skills among children with autism and compare the results with that of typically developing (TD) children in the Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 47 children with ASD and 47 age-, gender-, and education-matched TD children were assessed using tests for disjunctive and conjunction search, real-world visual search, and visual working memory. RESULTS Children with ASD performed significantly better than the TD children in tests for visual search and were comparable in the test for visual working memory. CONCLUSION Our study showed that children with autism have enhanced visual skills, and this quality can be honed further and be utilized in jobs that require good observation skills and attention to details.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Karmakar
- Department of Psychiatry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sharmila Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|