Psychometric Properties of the Traditional Chinese Version of the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths-Trauma Comprehensive

OBJECTIVE

To determine the internal consistency, construct validity, and scaling properties of the traditional Chinese version of the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths-Trauma Comprehensive (TC-CANS-Trauma).

METHODS

66 male and 62 female children, adolescents, and young adults aged 3 to 22 years who were referred to trauma treatment service were selected by convenience sampling. The original English version of the CANS-Trauma was translated to traditional Chinese by a medical professional, back-translated to English by a clinical psychologist, and then cross-checked by another psychologist to ensure consistency. Chinese wordings were adjusted to maintain the conceptual rather than literal meaning. Participants were assessed using the TC-CANS-Trauma as well as the traditional Chinese version of the Life Events Checklist (LEC), the Children's Impact of Event Scale-Revised (CHIES-R), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Impact Component (SDQ-Impact), and the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC). Internal consistency of eight primary domains of the TC-CANS-Trauma was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. Construct (convergent and divergent) validity of five of these domains with the LEC, the CHIES-R, the SDQ-Impact, and the PSOC was assessed. Rasch modelling was used to evaluate the scaling properties of the eight primary domains of the TC-CANS-Trauma.

RESULTS

Internal consistency of the eight primary domains of the TC-CANS-Trauma was satisfactory, with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.63 to 0.90. Construct (convergent and divergent) validity of five of these domains with the LEC, the CHIES-R, the SDQ-Impact, and the PSOC was good. In Rasch modelling, most TC-CANS-Trauma domains showed good item separation values. Infit and outfit statistics of most domain items were <2 indicating good item fitness in their respective domains. For person separation, all domains of the TC-CANS-Trauma did not have a sufficient discriminability to identify high and low performers.

CONCLUSIONS

The TC-CANS-Trauma is valid for comprehensive assessment of trauma-related domains among Hong Kong children and adolescents. Its ratings can be used to guide the levels of clinical intervention required. Clinicians are recommended to implement the TC-CANS-Trauma to facilitate trauma-informed practice in Hong Kong.

Lipoadenoma of the parotid gland with probable striated duct differentiation

We report an example of lipoadenoma of the parotid gland, a previously undescribed tumor of the salivary gland. It is a well-circumscribed tumor comprising an intimate admixture of mature fat cells and branching narrow tubules. The tubules were elongated and had small or absent lumina, resulting in a remarkable Sertoliform pattern. They were lined by columnar cells, which were supported by a basal cell layer. The latter cells lacked evidence of myoepithelial differentiation but were best highlighted by immunostaining for high molecular-weight cytokeratin (34 beta E12). Comparison with the normal salivary gland components showed the greatest homology of the neoplastic tubules with the striated duct, which normally has an incomplete basal cell layer. The latter phenomenon is under-recognized, with some current textbooks still describing the presence of a single cell type only in the striated duct of the salivary gland.