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Bontempo L, Camin F, Paolini M, Micheloni C, Laursen KH. Multi-isotopic signatures of organic and conventional Italian pasta along the production chain. J Mass Spectrom 2016; 51:675-683. [PMID: 27457424 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The variability of stable isotope ratios (δ(2) H, δ(13) C, δ(15) N, δ(18) O and δ(34) S) along the production chain of pasta (durum wheat, flour and pasta) produced by using both conventional and organic farming systems in four Italian regions in 2 years was investigated. The aim was to evaluate if and how the farming system and geographical origin affect stable isotope ratios determined along the production chain. Irrespective of the processing technology, 65% of the samples were correctly classified according to the farming system and 98% were correctly classified regarding the geographical region. When considering both farming system and geographical region simultaneously, 80% of the samples were correctly classified. The measured isotope parameters were thus primarily affected by the geographical origin. In conclusion, it is expected that the use of these parameters will allow the development of analytical control procedures that can be used to check the geographical origin of Italian organic and conventional pasta and its raw materials. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bontempo
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - F Camin
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - M Paolini
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2A, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - C Micheloni
- AIAB - Associazione Italiana per l'Agricoltura Biologica, largo D. Frisullo, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - K H Laursen
- Plant and Soil Science Section and Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Pavlovic J, Samardzic J, Kostic L, Laursen KH, Natic M, Timotijevic G, Schjoerring JK, Nikolic M. Silicon enhances leaf remobilization of iron in cucumber under limited iron conditions. Ann Bot 2016; 118:271-80. [PMID: 27371693 PMCID: PMC4970368 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Retranslocation of iron (Fe) from source tissues enhances plant tolerance to Fe deficiency. Previous work has shown that silicon (Si) can alleviate Fe deficiency by enhancing acquisition and root to shoot translocation of Fe. Here the role of Si in Fe mobilization in older leaves and the subsequent retranslocation of Fe to young leaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants growing under Fe-limiting conditions was investigated. METHODS Iron ((57)Fe or naturally occurring isotopes) was measured in leaves at different positions on plants hydroponically growing with or without Si supply. In parallel, the concentration of the Fe chelator nicotianamine (NA) along with the expression of nicotianamine synthase (NAS) involved in its biosynthesis and the expression of yellow stripe-like (YSL) transcripts mediating Fe-NA transport were also determined. KEY RESULTS In plants not receiving Si, approximately half of the total Fe content remained in the oldest leaf. In contrast, Si-treated plants showed an almost even Fe distribution among leaves with four different developmental stages, thus providing evidence of enhanced Fe remobilization from source leaves. This Si-stimulated Fe export was paralleled by an increased NA accumulation and expression of the YSL1 transporter for phloem loading/unloading of the Fe-NA complex. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that Si enhances remobilization of Fe from older to younger leaves by a more efficient NA-mediated Fe transport via the phloem. In addition, from this and previous work, a model is proposed of how Si acts to improve Fe homeostasis under Fe deficiency in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pavlovic
- Plant Nutrition Research Group, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Samardzic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444-A, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Kostic
- Plant Nutrition Research Group, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristian H Laursen
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Natic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Timotijevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444-A, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jan K Schjoerring
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miroslav Nikolic
- Plant Nutrition Research Group, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
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Schiller M, Hegelund JN, Pedas P, Kichey T, Laursen KH, Husted S, Schjoerring JK. Barley metallothioneins differ in ontogenetic pattern and response to metals. Plant Cell Environ 2014; 37:353-367. [PMID: 23808399 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The barley genome encodes a family of 10 metallothioneins (MTs) that have not previously been subject to extensive gene expression profiling. We show here that expression of MT1a, MT2b1, MT2b2 and MT3 in barley leaves increased more than 50-fold during the first 10 d after germination. Concurrently, the root-specific gene MT1b1 was 1000-fold up-regulated. Immunolocalizations provided the first evidence for accumulation of MT1a and MT2a proteins in planta, with correlation to transcript levels. In developing grains, MT2a and MT4 expression increased 4- and 300-fold over a 28-day-period after pollination. However, among the MT grain transcripts MT2c was the most abundant, whereas MT4 was the least abundant. Excess Cu up-regulated three out of the six MTs expressed in leaves of young barley plants. In contrast, most MTs were down-regulated by excess Zn or Cd. Zn starvation led to up-regulation of MT1a, whereas Cu starvation up-regulated MT2a, which has two copper-responsive elements in the promoter. Arabidopsis lines constitutively overexpressing barley MT2a showed increased sensitivity to excess Cd and Zn but no Cu-induced response. We suggest that barley MTs are differentially involved in intracellular homeostasis of essential metal ions and that a subset of barley MTs is specifically involved in Cu detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Schiller
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsensvej, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pavlovic J, Samardzic J, Maksimović V, Timotijevic G, Stevic N, Laursen KH, Hansen TH, Husted S, Schjoerring JK, Liang Y, Nikolic M. Silicon alleviates iron deficiency in cucumber by promoting mobilization of iron in the root apoplast. New Phytol 2013; 198:1096-1107. [PMID: 23496257 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
· Root responses to lack of iron (Fe) have mainly been studied in nutrient solution experiments devoid of silicon (Si). Here we investigated how Si ameliorates Fe deficiency in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) with focus on the storage and utilization of Fe in the root apoplast. · A combined approach was performed including analyses of apoplastic Fe, reduction-based Fe acquisition and Fe-mobilizing compounds in roots along with the expression of related genes. · Si-treated plants accumulated higher concentrations of root apoplastic Fe, which rapidly decreased when Fe was withheld from the nutrient solution. Under Fe-deficient conditions, Si also increased the accumulation of Fe-mobilizing compounds in roots. Si supply stimulated root activity of Fe acquisition at the early stage of Fe deficiency stress through regulation of gene expression levels of proteins involved in Fe acquisition. However, when the period of Fe deprivation was extended, these reactions further decreased as a consequence of Si-induced enhancement of the Fe status of the plants. · This work provides new evidence for the beneficial role of Si in plant nutrition and clearly indicates that Si-mediated alleviation of Fe deficiency includes an increase of the apoplastic Fe pool in roots and an enhancement of Fe acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pavlovic
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research - IMSI, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Samardzic
- Institute for Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444-A, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vuk Maksimović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research - IMSI, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Timotijevic
- Institute for Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444-A, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Stevic
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research - IMSI, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristian H Laursen
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas H Hansen
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Husted
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan K Schjoerring
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Miroslav Nikolic
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research - IMSI, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mark AB, Kápolna E, Laursen KH, Halekoh U, Rasmussen SK, Husted S, Larsen EH, Bügel S. Consumption of organic diets does not affect intake and absorption of zinc and copper in men – evidence from two cross-over trials. Food Funct 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30247k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kápolna E, Laursen KH, Husted S, Larsen EH. Bio-fortification and isotopic labelling of Se metabolites in onions and carrots following foliar application of Se and 77Se. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Persson DP, Hansen TH, Laursen KH, Husted S, Schjoerring JK. ICP-MS and LC-ICP-MS for analysis of trace element content and speciation in cereal grains. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 860:193-211. [PMID: 22351179 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-594-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements are unevenly distributed and speciated throughout the cereal grain. The germ and the outer layers of the grain have the highest concentrations of trace elements. A large fraction of the trace elements is therefore lost during the milling process. The bioavailability of the remaining trace elements is very low. This is usually ascribed to the formation of poorly soluble complexes with the phosphorus storage compound phytic acid. Hence, analysis of the total concentration of trace elements in grain tissues must be combined with a speciation analysis in order to assess their contribution to human nutrition. This chapter deals with the fractionation of anatomically very different cereal tissues. Procedures for microscaling of digestion procedures are outlined together with requirements for the use of certified reference materials in elemental profiling of grain tissue fractions. Methods for extraction and analysis of complexes containing trace elements in the grain tissue fractions are described. Finally, the chapter concludes with criteria for choice of chromatographic methods and setting of ICP-MS instrument parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Persson
- Plant and Soil Science Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Laursen KH, Schjoerring JK, Olesen JE, Askegaard M, Halekoh U, Husted S. Multielemental fingerprinting as a tool for authentication of organic wheat, barley, faba bean, and potato. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:4385-4396. [PMID: 21417209 DOI: 10.1021/jf104928r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The multielemental composition of organic and conventional winter wheat, spring barley, faba bean, and potato was analyzed with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and -mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The crops were cultivated in two years at three geographically different field locations, each accommodating one conventional and two organic cropping systems. The conventional system produced the highest harvest yields for all crops except the nitrogen-fixing faba bean, whereas the dry matter content of each crop was similar across systems. No systematic differences between organic and conventional crops were found in the content of essential plant nutrients when statistically analyzed individually. However, chemometric analysis of multielemental fingerprints comprising up to 14 elements allowed discrimination. The discrimination power was further enhanced by analysis of up to 25 elements derived from semiquantitative ICP-MS. It is concluded that multielemental fingerprinting with semiquantitative ICP-MS and chemometrics has the potential to enable authentication of organic crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian H Laursen
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hansen TH, Laursen KH, Persson DP, Pedas P, Husted S, Schjoerring JK. Micro-scaled high-throughput digestion of plant tissue samples for multi-elemental analysis. Plant Methods 2009; 5:12. [PMID: 19781097 PMCID: PMC2761891 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-5-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative multi-elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry depends on a complete digestion of solid samples. However, fast and thorough sample digestion is a challenging analytical task which constitutes a bottleneck in modern multi-elemental analysis. Additional obstacles may be that sample quantities are limited and elemental concentrations low. In such cases, digestion in small volumes with minimum dilution and contamination is required in order to obtain high accuracy data. RESULTS We have developed a micro-scaled microwave digestion procedure and optimized it for accurate elemental profiling of plant materials (1-20 mg dry weight). A commercially available 64-position rotor with 5 ml disposable glass vials, originally designed for microwave-based parallel organic synthesis, was used as a platform for the digestion. The novel micro-scaled method was successfully validated by the use of various certified reference materials (CRM) with matrices rich in starch, lipid or protein. When the micro-scaled digestion procedure was applied on single rice grains or small batches of Arabidopsis seeds (1 mg, corresponding to approximately 50 seeds), the obtained elemental profiles closely matched those obtained by conventional analysis using digestion in large volume vessels. Accumulated elemental contents derived from separate analyses of rice grain fractions (aleurone, embryo and endosperm) closely matched the total content obtained by analysis of the whole rice grain. CONCLUSION A high-throughput micro-scaled method has been developed which enables digestion of small quantities of plant samples for subsequent elemental profiling by ICP-spectrometry. The method constitutes a valuable tool for screening of mutants and transformants. In addition, the method facilitates studies of the distribution of essential trace elements between and within plant organs which is relevant for, e.g., breeding programmes aiming at improvement of the micronutrient density in edible plant parts. Compared to existing vial-in-vial systems, the new method developed here represents a significant methodological advancement in terms of higher capacity, reduced labour consumption, lower material costs, less contamination and, as a consequence, improved analytical accuracy following micro-scaled digestion of plant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Hansen
- Plant and Soil Science Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kristian H Laursen
- Plant and Soil Science Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Daniel P Persson
- Plant and Soil Science Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Pai Pedas
- Plant and Soil Science Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Søren Husted
- Plant and Soil Science Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jan K Schjoerring
- Plant and Soil Science Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Husted S, Laursen KH, Hebbern CA, Schmidt SB, Pedas P, Haldrup A, Jensen PE. Manganese deficiency leads to genotype-specific changes in fluorescence induction kinetics and state transitions. Plant Physiol 2009; 150:825-33. [PMID: 19369593 PMCID: PMC2689976 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.134601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes display a marked difference in their ability to tolerate growth at low manganese (Mn) concentrations, a phenomenon designated as differential Mn efficiency. Induction of Mn deficiency in two genotypes differing in Mn efficiency led to a decline in the quantum yield efficiency for both, although faster in the Mn-inefficient genotype. Leaf tissue and thylakoid Mn concentrations were reduced under Mn deficiency, but no difference between genotypes was observed and no visual Mn deficiency symptoms were developed. Analysis of the fluorescence induction kinetics revealed that in addition to the usual O-J-I-P steps, clear K and D steps were developed in the Mn-inefficient genotype under Mn deficiency. These marked changes indicated damages to photosystem II (PSII). This was further substantiated by state transition measurements, indicating that the ability of plants to redistribute excitation energy was reduced. The percentage change in state transitions for control plants with normal Mn supply of both genotypes was 9% to 11%. However, in Mn-deficient leaves of the Mn-inefficient genotypes, state transitions were reduced to less than 1%, whereas no change was observed for the Mn-efficient genotypes. Immunoblotting and the chlorophyll a/b ratio confirmed that Mn deficiency in general resulted in a significant reduction in abundance of PSII reaction centers relative to the peripheral antenna. In addition, PSII appeared to be significantly more affected by Mn limitation than PSI. However, the striking genotypic differences observed in Mn-deficient plants, when analyzing state transitions and fluorescence induction kinetics, could not be correlated with specific changes in photosystem proteins. Thus, there is no simple linkage between protein expression and the differential reduction in state transition and fluorescence induction kinetics observed for the genotypes under Mn deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Husted
- Plant and Soil Science Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Persson DP, Hansen TH, Laursen KH, Schjoerring JK, Husted S. Simultaneous iron, zinc, sulfur and phosphorus speciation analysis of barley grain tissues using SEC-ICP-MS and IP-ICP-MS. Metallomics 2009; 1:418-26. [DOI: 10.1039/b905688b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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