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Zengeler KE, Lukens JR. Microglia pack a toolbox for life. Trends Immunol 2024:S1471-4906(24)00068-1. [PMID: 38616144 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
After decades of being overlooked, a recent wave of studies have explored the roles of microglia in brain health and disease. Microglia perform important physiological functions to set up and maintain proper neural network functions, as well as orchestrate responses to toxic stimuli to limit harm. Many microglial transcriptional programs, extracellular sensing molecules, and functional outputs are seen throughout life. A stark example is the similarity of microglial responses to stressors during neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. The same themes often match that of other tissue-resident macrophages, presenting an opportunity to apply known concepts as therapeutics develop. We argue that microglial signaling during development and neurologic disease overlap with one another and with other tissue-resident macrophage pathways, in part due to similar sensed stimuli and a conserved sensome of receptors and signaling molecules, akin to a toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine E Zengeler
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - John R Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Zengeler KE, Lukens JR. Misguided antibodies change the course of brain development. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1833-1835. [PMID: 36973346 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine E Zengeler
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - John R Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Zengeler KE, Shapiro DA, Bruch KR, Lammert CR, Ennerfelt H, Lukens JR. SSRI treatment modifies the effects of maternal inflammation on in utero physiology and offspring neurobiology. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:80-97. [PMID: 36343752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations to the in utero environment can dramatically change the trajectory of offspring neurodevelopment. Insults commonly encountered in modern human life such as infection, toxins, high-fat diet, prescription medications, and others are increasingly linked to behavioral alterations in prenatally-exposed offspring. While appreciation is expanding for the potential consequence that these triggers can have on embryo development, there is a paucity of information concerning how the crucial maternal-fetal interface (MFI) responds to these various insults and how it may relate to changes in offspring neurodevelopment. Here, we found that the MFI responds both to an inflammatory state and altered serotonergic tone in pregnant mice. Maternal immune activation (MIA) triggered an acute inflammatory response in the MFI dominated by interferon signaling that came at the expense of ordinary development-related transcriptional programs. The major MFI compartments, the decidua and the placenta, each responded in distinct manners to MIA. MFIs exposed to MIA were also found to have disrupted sex-specific gene expression and heightened serotonin levels. We found that offspring exposed to MIA had sex-biased behavioral changes and that microglia were not transcriptionally impacted. Moreover, the combination of maternal inflammation in the presence of pharmacologic inhibition of serotonin reuptake further transformed MFI physiology and offspring neurobiology, impacting immune and serotonin signaling pathways alike. In all, these findings highlight the complexities of evaluating diverse environmental impacts on placental physiology and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine E Zengeler
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Daniel A Shapiro
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Katherine R Bruch
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Catherine R Lammert
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Hannah Ennerfelt
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John R Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Ennerfelt H, Frost EL, Shapiro DA, Holliday C, Zengeler KE, Voithofer G, Bolte AC, Lammert CR, Kulas JA, Ulland TK, Lukens JR. SYK coordinates neuroprotective microglial responses in neurodegenerative disease. Cell 2022; 185:4135-4152.e22. [PMID: 36257314 PMCID: PMC9617784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have begun to reveal critical roles for the brain's professional phagocytes, microglia, and their receptors in the control of neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) and myelin debris accumulation in neurodegenerative disease. However, the critical intracellular molecules that orchestrate neuroprotective functions of microglia remain poorly understood. In our studies, we find that targeted deletion of SYK in microglia leads to exacerbated Aβ deposition, aggravated neuropathology, and cognitive defects in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Disruption of SYK signaling in this AD model was further shown to impede the development of disease-associated microglia (DAM), alter AKT/GSK3β-signaling, and restrict Aβ phagocytosis by microglia. Conversely, receptor-mediated activation of SYK limits Aβ load. We also found that SYK critically regulates microglial phagocytosis and DAM acquisition in demyelinating disease. Collectively, these results broaden our understanding of the key innate immune signaling molecules that instruct beneficial microglial functions in response to neurotoxic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ennerfelt
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Training Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Frost
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Daniel A Shapiro
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Coco Holliday
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kristine E Zengeler
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Training Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Gabrielle Voithofer
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ashley C Bolte
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Catherine R Lammert
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Joshua A Kulas
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Tyler K Ulland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - John R Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Training Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Zengeler KE, Lukens JR. Taking the parkin brakes off of neuronal NLRP3 drives inflammasome activation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Neuron 2022; 110:2356-2358. [PMID: 35926449 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 is a central driver of neurodegeneration thought to function mainly in microglia. In this issue of Neuron, Panicker et al. (2022) find that NLRP3 is a parkin substrate that contributes significantly to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis by acting in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine E Zengeler
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - John R Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Zengeler KE, Lukens JR. Maternal inflammation is hard for offspring to stomach. Immunity 2022; 55:6-8. [PMID: 35021058 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders often experience comorbid gastrointestinal distress and dysregulated immune responses, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this issue of Immunity, Kim et al. utilize a murine maternal immune activation model of autism and find that inflammation can alter the microbiota of mothers, which postnatally primes offspring CD4+ T cells and increases susceptibility to intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine E Zengeler
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - John R Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine E Zengeler
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
| | - John R Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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Cheema MS, Good KV, Kim B, Soufari H, O’Sullivan C, Freeman ME, Stefanelli G, Casas CR, Zengeler KE, Kennedy AJ, Eirin Lopez JM, Howard PL, Zovkic IB, Shabanowitz J, Dryhurst DD, Hunt DF, Mackereth CD, Ausió J. Deciphering the Enigma of the Histone H2A.Z-1/H2A.Z-2 Isoforms: Novel Insights and Remaining Questions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051167. [PMID: 32397240 PMCID: PMC7290884 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The replication independent (RI) histone H2A.Z is one of the more extensively studied variant members of the core histone H2A family, which consists of many replication dependent (RD) members. The protein has been shown to be indispensable for survival, and involved in multiple roles from DNA damage to chromosome segregation, replication, and transcription. However, its functional involvement in gene expression is controversial. Moreover, the variant in several groups of metazoan organisms consists of two main isoforms (H2A.Z-1 and H2A.Z-2) that differ in a few (3–6) amino acids. They comprise the main topic of this review, starting from the events that led to their identification, what is currently known about them, followed by further experimental, structural, and functional insight into their roles. Despite their structural differences, a direct correlation to their functional variability remains enigmatic. As all of this is being elucidated, it appears that a strong functional involvement of isoform variability may be connected to development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjinder S. Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada; (M.S.C.); (K.V.G.); (B.K.); (C.O.); (M.E.F.); (P.L.H.); (D.D.D.)
| | - Katrina V. Good
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada; (M.S.C.); (K.V.G.); (B.K.); (C.O.); (M.E.F.); (P.L.H.); (D.D.D.)
| | - Bohyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada; (M.S.C.); (K.V.G.); (B.K.); (C.O.); (M.E.F.); (P.L.H.); (D.D.D.)
| | - Heddy Soufari
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Univ. Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, F-33607 Pessac, France; (H.S.); (C.D.M.)
- Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA Laboratory, Univ. Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Connor O’Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada; (M.S.C.); (K.V.G.); (B.K.); (C.O.); (M.E.F.); (P.L.H.); (D.D.D.)
| | - Melissa E. Freeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada; (M.S.C.); (K.V.G.); (B.K.); (C.O.); (M.E.F.); (P.L.H.); (D.D.D.)
| | - Gilda Stefanelli
- Department of Neurosciences & Mental Health, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (G.S.); (I.B.Z.)
| | - Ciro Rivera Casas
- Environmental Epigenetics Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International UniversityNorth Miami, FL 33181, USA; (C.R.C.); (J.M.E.L.)
| | - Kristine E. Zengeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bates College, 2 Andrews Road, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA; (K.E.Z.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Andrew J. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bates College, 2 Andrews Road, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA; (K.E.Z.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Jose Maria Eirin Lopez
- Environmental Epigenetics Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International UniversityNorth Miami, FL 33181, USA; (C.R.C.); (J.M.E.L.)
| | - Perry L. Howard
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada; (M.S.C.); (K.V.G.); (B.K.); (C.O.); (M.E.F.); (P.L.H.); (D.D.D.)
| | - Iva B. Zovkic
- Department of Neurosciences & Mental Health, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (G.S.); (I.B.Z.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Shabanowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (J.S.); (D.F.H.)
| | - Deanna D. Dryhurst
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada; (M.S.C.); (K.V.G.); (B.K.); (C.O.); (M.E.F.); (P.L.H.); (D.D.D.)
| | - Donald F. Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (J.S.); (D.F.H.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Cameron D. Mackereth
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Univ. Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, F-33607 Pessac, France; (H.S.); (C.D.M.)
- Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA Laboratory, Univ. Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Juan Ausió
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada; (M.S.C.); (K.V.G.); (B.K.); (C.O.); (M.E.F.); (P.L.H.); (D.D.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-250-721-8863; Fax: +1-250-721-8855
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