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Saxena K, Roverato ND, Reithmann M, Mah MM, Schregle R, Schmidtke G, Silbern I, Urlaub H, Aichem A. FAT10 is phosphorylated by IKKβ to inhibit the antiviral type-I interferon response. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202101282. [PMID: 37940187 PMCID: PMC10631552 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IFN-I secretion provides a rapid host defense against infection with RNA viruses. Within the host cell, viral RNA triggers the activation of the RIG-I signaling pathway, leading to the production of IFN-I. Because an exaggerated IFN-I response causes severe tissue damage, RIG-I signaling is tightly regulated. One of the factors that control the IFN-I response is the ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10, which is induced by TNF and IFNγ and targets covalently FAT10-linked proteins for proteasomal degradation. However, the mechanism of how FAT10 modulates IFN-I secretion remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we provide strong evidence that FAT10 is phosphorylated by IκB kinase β (IKKβ) upon TNF stimulation and during influenza A virus infection on several serine and threonine residues. FAT10 phosphorylation increases the binding of FAT10 to the TRAF3-deubiquitylase OTUB1 and its FAT10-mediated activation. Consequently, FAT10 phosphorylation results in a low ubiquitylation state of TRAF3, which is unable to maintain interferon regulatory factor 3 phosphorylation and downstream induction of IFN-I. Taken together, we reveal a mechanism of how phosphorylation of FAT10 limits the production of tissue-destructive IFN-I in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Saxena
- https://ror.org/0546hnb39 Department of Biology, Division of Immunology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nicola Domenico Roverato
- https://ror.org/0546hnb39 Department of Biology, Division of Immunology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Melody Reithmann
- https://ror.org/0546hnb39 Department of Biology, Division of Immunology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mei Min Mah
- https://ror.org/0546hnb39 Department of Biology, Division of Immunology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Richard Schregle
- https://ror.org/0546hnb39 Department of Biology, Division of Immunology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- https://ror.org/030dhdf69 Biotechnology Institute Thurgauhttps://ror.org/0546hnb39 at The University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Gunter Schmidtke
- https://ror.org/0546hnb39 Department of Biology, Division of Immunology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ivan Silbern
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytics, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytics, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Aichem
- https://ror.org/0546hnb39 Department of Biology, Division of Immunology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- https://ror.org/030dhdf69 Biotechnology Institute Thurgauhttps://ror.org/0546hnb39 at The University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
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Kumar B, Tanwar S, Ganta S, Saxena K, Patel K, Asha K. INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF NICOTINE FROM CIGARETTES ON THE GROWTH OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS: REVIEW. Georgian Med News 2023:183-188. [PMID: 38325321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Separating aneurysmal arterial disease from atherosclerosis and further occlusive artery conditions, it is a vascular degenerative disorder. Within the vascular tree, there is a regionalization of the propensity to produce aneurysms and the different locations result in different clinical processes. As the predominant risk factor for ubrenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), smoking is one of the most common manifestations of aneurysmal illness. For AAA compared to atherosclerosis, smoking is a far bigger risk factor. Along with contributing to the pathophysiology of AAA, smoking raises the likelihood that established AAA will rupture as well as its rate of expansion. The development of improved models for animals that are reliant on smoke or smoke constituents is helping to determine the mechanistic connection between AAA and smoking. According to the processes, there are long-lasting changes in the function of inflammatory and vascular smooth muscle cells. Focused on AAA, this review looks at the medical, epidemiology and mechanical evidence that links smoking to aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kumar
- 1School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
| | - S Tanwar
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - Sh Ganta
- 3Department of Community Medicine, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Saxena
- 4Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Patel
- 5Department of Gynaecology, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - K Asha
- 6Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
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Smit E, Felip E, Uprety D, Nakagawa K, Paz-Ares L, Pacheco J, Li B, Planchard D, Baik C, Goto Y, Murakami H, Saltos A, Saxena K, Shiga R, Cheng Y, Yan Q, Feng W, Jänne P. 975P Trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients (pts) with HER2-overexpressing (HER2-OE) metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Results from the DESTINY-Lung01 trial. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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4
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Li B, Smit E, Goto Y, Nakagawa K, Goto K, Mazieres J, Uprety D, Bazhenova L, Saltos A, Felip E, Pacheco J, Pérol M, Paz-Ares L, Saxena K, Shiga R, Cheng Y, Yan Q, Planchard D, Jänne P. 976P Phase II trial of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in patients (Pts) with HER2-mutated (HER2m) metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Registrational data from DESTINY-Lung01. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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5
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Saxena K, Subbalakshmi AR, Kulkarni P, Jolly MK. Cancer: More than a geneticist's Pandora's box. J Biosci 2022; 47:21. [PMID: 36210746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite identical genetic constitution, a cancer cell population can exhibit phenotypic variations termed as nongenetic/ non-mutational heterogeneity. Such heterogeneity - a ubiquitous nature of biological systems - has been implicated in metastasis, therapy resistance and tumour relapse. Here, we review the evidence for existence, sources and implications of non-genetic heterogeneity in multiple cancer types. Stochasticity/noise in transcription, protein conformation and/or external microenvironment can underlie such heterogeneity. Moreover, the existence of multiple possible cell states (phenotypes) as a consequence of the emergent dynamics of gene regulatory networks may enable reversible cell-state transitions (phenotypic plasticity) that can facilitate adaptive drug resistance and higher metastatic fitness. Finally, we highlight how computational and mathematical models can drive a better understanding of non-genetic heterogeneity and how a systemslevel approach integrating mathematical modeling and in (vitro/in vivo) experiments can map the diverse phenotypic repertoire and identify therapeutic vulnerabilities of an otherwise clonal cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Saxena
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
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6
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Harris E, Myers H, Saxena K, Mitchell-Heggs R, Kind P, Chattarji S, Morris R. Experiential modulation of social dominance in a SYNGAP1 rat model of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7733-7748. [PMID: 34672048 PMCID: PMC7614819 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of developmental brain disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are being achieved through human neurogenetics such as, for example, identifying de novo mutations in SYNGAP1 as one relatively common cause of ASD. A recently developed rat line lacking the calcium/lipid binding (C2) and GTPase activation protein (GAP) domain may further help uncover the neurobiological basis of deficits in children with ASD. This study focused on social dominance in the tube test using Syngap+/Δ-GAP (rats heterozygous for the C2/GAP domain deletion) as alterations in social behaviour are a key facet of the human phenotype. Male animals of this line living together formed a stable intra-cage hierarchy, but they were submissive when living with wild-type (WT) cage-mates, thereby modelling the social withdrawal seen in ASD. The study includes a detailed analysis of specific behaviours expressed in social interactions by WT and mutant animals, including the observation that when the Syngap+/Δ-GAP mutants that had been living together had separate dominance encounters with WT animals from other cages, the two higher ranking Syngap+/Δ-GAP rats remained dominant whereas the two lower ranking mutants were still submissive. Although only observed in a small subset of animals, these findings support earlier observations with a rat model of Fragile X, indicating that their experience of winning or losing dominance encounters has a lasting influence on subsequent encounters with others. Our results highlight and model that even with single-gene mutations, dominance phenotypes reflect an interaction between genotypic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Harris
- Edinburgh Neuroscience, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, U.K
| | - H. Myers
- Edinburgh Neuroscience, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, U.K
| | - K. Saxena
- Edinburgh Neuroscience, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, U.K
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, U.K
| | - R. Mitchell-Heggs
- Edinburgh Neuroscience, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, U.K
| | - P. Kind
- Edinburgh Neuroscience, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, U.K
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, U.K
| | - S Chattarji
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, U.K
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, National Centre for Biological Sciences and Institute for Stem Cell Science & Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - R.G.M. Morris
- Edinburgh Neuroscience, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, 1 George Square, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, U.K
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, U.K
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7
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Smit E, Li B, Mazieres J, Planchard D, Nakagawa K, Goto K, Paz-Ares L, Novello S, Yang JH, Ahn MJ, Liu G, O'Byrne K, Aregay M, Shiga R, Saxena K, Meinhardt G, Jänne P. 1361TiP Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in patients (pts) with HER2-mutated (HER2m) metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A phase (ph) II study (DESTINY-Lung02). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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8
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Kubatova N, Qureshi NS, Altincekic N, Abele R, Bains JK, Ceylan B, Ferner J, Fuks C, Hargittay B, Hutchison MT, de Jesus V, Kutz F, Wirtz Martin MA, Meiser N, Linhard V, Pyper DJ, Trucks S, Fürtig B, Hengesbach M, Löhr F, Richter C, Saxena K, Schlundt A, Schwalbe H, Sreeramulu S, Wacker A, Weigand JE, Wirmer-Bartoschek J, Wöhnert J. 1H, 13C, and 15N backbone chemical shift assignments of coronavirus-2 non-structural protein Nsp10. Biomol NMR Assign 2021; 15:65-71. [PMID: 33159807 PMCID: PMC7648550 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The international Covid19-NMR consortium aims at the comprehensive spectroscopic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA elements and proteins and will provide NMR chemical shift assignments of the molecular components of this virus. The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes approximately 30 different proteins. Four of these proteins are involved in forming the viral envelope or in the packaging of the RNA genome and are therefore called structural proteins. The other proteins fulfill a variety of functions during the viral life cycle and comprise the so-called non-structural proteins (nsps). Here, we report the near-complete NMR resonance assignment for the backbone chemical shifts of the non-structural protein 10 (nsp10). Nsp10 is part of the viral replication-transcription complex (RTC). It aids in synthesizing and modifying the genomic and subgenomic RNAs. Via its interaction with nsp14, it ensures transcriptional fidelity of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and through its stimulation of the methyltransferase activity of nsp16, it aids in synthesizing the RNA cap structures which protect the viral RNAs from being recognized by the innate immune system. Both of these functions can be potentially targeted by drugs. Our data will aid in performing additional NMR-based characterizations, and provide a basis for the identification of possible small molecule ligands interfering with nsp10 exerting its essential role in viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kubatova
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - N S Qureshi
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - N Altincekic
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - R Abele
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biocentre, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - J K Bains
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - B Ceylan
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - J Ferner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - C Fuks
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - B Hargittay
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - M T Hutchison
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - V de Jesus
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - F Kutz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - M A Wirtz Martin
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - N Meiser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - V Linhard
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - D J Pyper
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - S Trucks
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - B Fürtig
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - M Hengesbach
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany.
| | - F Löhr
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - C Richter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - K Saxena
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - A Schlundt
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - H Schwalbe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany.
| | - S Sreeramulu
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - A Wacker
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - J E Weigand
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr 10, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Wirmer-Bartoschek
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - J Wöhnert
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M, Germany
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Nakagawa K, Nagasaka M, Felip E, Pacheco J, Baik C, Goto Y, Saltos A, Li B, Udagawa H, Gadgeel S, Murakami H, Planchard D, Bazhenova L, Paz-Ares L, Perol M, Mazieres J, Barlesi F, Saxena K, Shiga R, Acharyya S, Cheng Y, Shahidi J, Jänne P, Smit E. OA04.05 Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in HER2-Overexpressing Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Interim Results of DESTINY-Lung01. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Smit E, Nakagawa K, Nagasaka M, Felip E, Goto Y, Li B, Pacheco J, Murakami H, Barlesi F, Saltos A, Perol M, Udagawa H, Saxena K, Shiga R, Guevara F, Acharyya S, Shahidi J, Planchard D, Jänne P. MA11.03 Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in HER2-Mutated Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Interim Results of DESTINY-Lung01. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Aggarwal A, Saxena K, Palekar TJ, Rathi M. Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization in adhesive capsulitis: A randomized clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 26:435-442. [PMID: 33992280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shoulder adhesive capsulitis is a common pathology in middle aged population, physical therapy being the mainstay treatment for it. Various conventional treatment modalities have been proven to help in this condition. Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) is a considerably new technique, which is being used widely for various sports related injuries for a faster recovery. This study proposes to evaluate the effect of IASTM as an added treatment for improving pain, range of motion and functional ability in patients with adhesive capsulitis. METHOD 30 shoulders were randomly allocated into two groups- Group A (IASTM + conventional treatment) and Group B (conventional treatment). Treatment was given for 12 sessions, 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Participants were evaluated pre treatment, post 6th session and post 12th session. Outcome measures was Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Shoulder Pain And Disability Index, Shoulder Range of Motion, Apley's scratch test. RESULTS Pain and Disability scale had shown improvement within the group only. However, in experimental group significant improvement was seen in active and passive mobility including functional performance. CONCLUSION IASTM along with conventional protocol was able to improve mobility and function among adhesive capsulitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Aggarwal
- Dr. D.Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Pimpri, Pune, India.
| | - Kritika Saxena
- Dr. D.Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | | | - Manisha Rathi
- Dr. D.Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Pimpri, Pune, India
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Yoshino T, Siena S, Di Bartolomeo M, Raghav K, Masuishi T, Loupakis F, Kawakami H, Yamaguchi K, Nishina T, Fakih M, Elez E, Rodriguez J, Ciardiello F, Saxena K, Yamamoto E, Kobayashi K, Bako E, Okuda Y, Grothey A. 84MO A phase II, multicenter, open-label study of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd; DS-8201) in patients with HER2-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): DESTINY-CRC01. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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13
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Saxena K, Jolly MK, Balamurugan K. Hypoxia, partial EMT and collective migration: Emerging culprits in metastasis. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100845. [PMID: 32781367 PMCID: PMC7419667 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular biological process involved in migration of primary cancer cells to secondary sites facilitating metastasis. Besides, EMT also confers properties such as stemness, drug resistance and immune evasion which can aid a successful colonization at the distant site. EMT is not a binary process; recent evidence suggests that cells in partial EMT or hybrid E/M phenotype(s) can have enhanced stemness and drug resistance as compared to those undergoing a complete EMT. Moreover, partial EMT enables collective migration of cells as clusters of circulating tumor cells or emboli, further endorsing that cells in hybrid E/M phenotypes may be the 'fittest' for metastasis. Here, we review mechanisms and implications of hybrid E/M phenotypes, including their reported association with hypoxia. Hypoxia-driven activation of HIF-1α can drive EMT. In addition, cyclic hypoxia, as compared to acute or chronic hypoxia, shows the highest levels of active HIF-1α and can augment cancer aggressiveness to a greater extent, including enriching for a partial EMT phenotype. We also discuss how metastasis is influenced by hypoxia, partial EMT and collective cell migration, and call for a better understanding of interconnections among these mechanisms. We discuss the known regulators of hypoxia, hybrid EMT and collective cell migration and highlight the gaps which needs to be filled for connecting these three axes which will increase our understanding of dynamics of metastasis and help control it more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Saxena
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Kuppusamy Balamurugan
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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14
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Cantini F, Banci L, Altincekic N, Bains JK, Dhamotharan K, Fuks C, Fürtig B, Gande SL, Hargittay B, Hengesbach M, Hutchison MT, Korn SM, Kubatova N, Kutz F, Linhard V, Löhr F, Meiser N, Pyper DJ, Qureshi NS, Richter C, Saxena K, Schlundt A, Schwalbe H, Sreeramulu S, Tants JN, Wacker A, Weigand JE, Wöhnert J, Tsika AC, Fourkiotis NK, Spyroulias GA. 1H, 13C, and 15N backbone chemical shift assignments of the apo and the ADP-ribose bound forms of the macrodomain of SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 3b. Biomol NMR Assign 2020; 14:339-346. [PMID: 32803496 PMCID: PMC7428200 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes for approximately 30 proteins. Within the international project COVID19-NMR, we distribute the spectroscopic analysis of the viral proteins and RNA. Here, we report NMR chemical shift assignments for the protein Nsp3b, a domain of Nsp3. The 217-kDa large Nsp3 protein contains multiple structurally independent, yet functionally related domains including the viral papain-like protease and Nsp3b, a macrodomain (MD). In general, the MDs of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV were suggested to play a key role in viral replication by modulating the immune response of the host. The MDs are structurally conserved. They most likely remove ADP-ribose, a common posttranslational modification, from protein side chains. This de-ADP ribosylating function has potentially evolved to protect the virus from the anti-viral ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs), which in turn are triggered by pathogen-associated sensing of the host immune system. This renders the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp3b a highly relevant drug target in the viral replication process. We here report the near-complete NMR backbone resonance assignment (1H, 13C, 15N) of the putative Nsp3b MD in its apo form and in complex with ADP-ribose. Furthermore, we derive the secondary structure of Nsp3b in solution. In addition, 15N-relaxation data suggest an ordered, rigid core of the MD structure. These data will provide a basis for NMR investigations targeted at obtaining small-molecule inhibitors interfering with the catalytic activity of Nsp3b.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cantini
- Magnetic Resonance Center - CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - L Banci
- Magnetic Resonance Center - CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy.
| | - N Altincekic
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J K Bains
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Dhamotharan
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Fuks
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B Fürtig
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - B Hargittay
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Hengesbach
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M T Hutchison
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S M Korn
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Kubatova
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Kutz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - V Linhard
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F Löhr
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Meiser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D J Pyper
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N S Qureshi
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Richter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Saxena
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Schlundt
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - H Schwalbe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - S Sreeramulu
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J-N Tants
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Wacker
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J E Weigand
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 10, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Wöhnert
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A C Tsika
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - N K Fourkiotis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - G A Spyroulias
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
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15
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Saxena K, Srikrishnan S, Celia-Terrassa T, Jolly MK. OVOL1/2: Drivers of Epithelial Differentiation in Development, Disease, and Reprogramming. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 211:183-192. [PMID: 32932250 DOI: 10.1159/000511383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OVOL proteins (OVOL1 and OVOL2), vertebrate homologs of Drosophila OVO, are critical regulators of epithelial lineage determination and differentiation during embryonic development in tissues such as kidney, skin, mammary epithelia, and testis. OVOL can inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition and/or can promote mesenchymal-epithelial transition. Moreover, they can regulate the stemness of cancer cells, thus playing an important role during cancer cell metastasis. Due to their central role in differentiation and maintenance of epithelial lineage, OVOL overexpression has been shown to be capable of reprogramming fibroblasts to epithelial cells. Here, we review the roles of OVOL-mediated epithelial differentiation across multiple contexts, including embryonic development, cancer progression, and cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Saxena
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Toni Celia-Terrassa
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India,
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16
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Schlundt A, Wirtz MA, Knezic B, Hengesbach M, Fürtig B, Weigand JE, Wöhnert J, Ferner J, Saxena K, Wacker A, Richter C, Sreeramulu S, Wirmer-Bartoschek J, Schwalbe H. Gemeinschaftlich in Krisenzeiten: NMR-Strukturbiologie gegen COVID-19. Biospektrum 2020; 26:440-441. [PMID: 32834541 PMCID: PMC7318729 DOI: 10.1007/s12268-020-1396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Zentrum für Biomolekulare Magnetische Resonanz (BMRZ), Universität Frankfurt a. M., Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt a. M., Deutschland
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Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity is a major ongoing challenge in the effective therapeutic targeting of cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that a fraction of cells within a tumor termed Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are primarily responsible for this diversity resulting in therapeutic resistance and metastasis. Adding to this complexity, recent studies have shown that there can be different subpopulations of CSCs with varying biochemical and biophysical traits resulting in varied dissemination and drug-resistance potential. Moreover, cancer cells can exhibit a high level of plasticity or the ability to dynamically switch between CSC and non-CSC states or among different subsets of CSCs. In addition, CSCs also display extensive metabolic plasticity. The molecular mechanisms underlying these different interconnected axes of plasticity has been under extensive investigation and the trans-differentiation process of Epithelial to Mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been identified as a major contributing factor. Besides genetic and epigenetic factors, CSC plasticity is also shaped by non-cell-autonomous effects such as the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we discuss the latest developments in decoding mechanisms and implications of CSC plasticity in tumor progression at biochemical and biophysical levels, and the latest in silico approaches being taken for characterizing cancer cell plasticity. These efforts can help improve existing therapeutic approaches by taking into consideration the contribution of cellular plasticity/heterogeneity in enabling drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana P. Thankamony
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Kritika Saxena
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Reshma Murali
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Radhika Nair
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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18
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Saxena K, Subbalakshmi AR, Jolly MK. Phenotypic heterogeneity in circulating tumor cells and its prognostic value in metastasis and overall survival. EBioMedicine 2019; 46:4-5. [PMID: 31399383 PMCID: PMC6712058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Saxena
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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19
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Saxena K, Jolly MK. Acute vs. Chronic vs. Cyclic Hypoxia: Their Differential Dynamics, Molecular Mechanisms, and Effects on Tumor Progression. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E339. [PMID: 31382593 PMCID: PMC6722594 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia has been shown to increase the aggressiveness and severity of tumor progression. Along with chronic and acute hypoxic regions, solid tumors contain regions of cycling hypoxia (also called intermittent hypoxia or IH). Cyclic hypoxia is mimicked in vitro and in vivo by periodic exposure to cycles of hypoxia and reoxygenation (H-R cycles). Compared to chronic hypoxia, cyclic hypoxia has been shown to augment various hallmarks of cancer to a greater extent: angiogenesis, immune evasion, metastasis, survival etc. Cycling hypoxia has also been shown to be the major contributing factor in increasing the risk of cancer in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Here, we first compare and contrast the effects of acute, chronic and intermittent hypoxia in terms of molecular pathways activated and the cellular processes affected. We highlight the underlying complexity of these differential effects and emphasize the need to investigate various combinations of factors impacting cellular adaptation to hypoxia: total duration of hypoxia, concentration of oxygen (O2), and the presence of and frequency of H-R cycles. Finally, we summarize the effects of cycling hypoxia on various hallmarks of cancer highlighting their dependence on the abovementioned factors. We conclude with a call for an integrative and rigorous analysis of the effects of varying extents and durations of hypoxia on cells, including tools such as mechanism-based mathematical modelling and microfluidic setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Saxena
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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20
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Saxena K. Prostatic adenocarcinoma with mandibular metastasis. J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jomr.jomr_3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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21
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Saxena K, Webster J, Hallas-Potts A, Mackenzie R, Spooner PA, Thomson D, Kind P, Chattarji S, Morris RGM. Correction to 'Experiential contributions to social dominance in a rat model of fragile-X syndrome'. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.1334. [PMID: 30051859 PMCID: PMC6030536 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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22
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Saxena K, Webster J, Hallas-Potts A, Mackenzie R, Spooner PA, Thomson D, Kind P, Chattarji S, Morris RGM. Experiential contributions to social dominance in a rat model of fragile-X syndrome. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20180294. [PMID: 29899064 PMCID: PMC6015851 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Social withdrawal is one phenotypic feature of the monogenic neurodevelopmental disorder fragile-X. Using a 'knockout' rat model of fragile-X, we examined whether deletion of the Fmr1 gene that causes this condition would affect the ability to form and express a social hierarchy as measured in a tube test. Male fragile-X 'knockout' rats living together could successfully form a social dominance hierarchy, but were significantly subordinate to wild-type animals in mixed group cages. Over 10 days of repeated testing, the fragile-X mutant rats gradually showed greater variance and instability of rank during their tube-test encounters. This affected the outcome of future encounters with stranger animals from other cages, with the initial phenotype of wild-type dominance lost to a more complex picture that reflected, regardless of genotype, the prior experience of winning or losing. Our findings offer a novel insight into the complex dynamics of social interactions between laboratory living groups of fragile-X and wild-type rats. Even though this is a monogenic condition, experience has an impact upon future interactions with other animals. Gene/environment interactions should therefore be considered in the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saxena
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- The Patrick Wild Centre, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - J Webster
- Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - A Hallas-Potts
- Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - R Mackenzie
- Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - P A Spooner
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - D Thomson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - P Kind
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- The Patrick Wild Centre, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - S Chattarji
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- The Patrick Wild Centre, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - R G M Morris
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- The Patrick Wild Centre, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, Edinburgh Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India
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Takedani H, Solimeno L, Saxena K, Kalweit L, Mathew P. The Haemophilia Joint Visualizer: development of a personalized, interactive, web-based tool to help improve adherence to prophylaxis. Haemophilia 2017; 23:e155-e158. [PMID: 28111841 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Takedani
- Research Hospital of the Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L Solimeno
- IRCCS Cà Granda Foundation Maggiore Hospital of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - K Saxena
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ, USA
| | - L Kalweit
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ, USA
| | - P Mathew
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ, USA.,University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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24
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Saxena K, Lalezari S, Oldenburg J, Tseneklidou-Stoeter D, Beckmann H, Yoon M, Maas Enriquez M. Efficacy and safety of BAY 81-8973, a full-length recombinant factor VIII: results from the LEOPOLD I trial. Haemophilia 2016; 22:706-12. [PMID: 27339736 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION BAY 81-8973 (Kovaltry(®) ) is a full-length, unmodified recombinant human factor VIII (FVIII) with the same amino acid sequence as sucrose-formulated recombinant FVIII and is produced using additional advanced manufacturing technologies. AIM To demonstrate efficacy and safety of BAY 81-8973 for treatment of bleeds and as prophylaxis based on two different potency assignments. METHODS In LEOPOLD I (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01029340), males aged 12-65 years with severe haemophilia A and ≥150 exposure days received BAY 81-8973 20-50 IU kg(-1) two or three times per week for 12 months. Potency was based on chromogenic substrate assay per European Pharmacopoeia and label adjusted to mimic one-stage assay potency. Patients were randomized for potency sequence and crossed over potency groups after 6 months, followed by an optional 12-month extension. Primary efficacy endpoint was annualized bleeding rate (ABR). Patients also received BAY 81-8973 during major surgeries. RESULTS Sixty-two patients received BAY 81-8973 prophylaxis and were included in the analysis. Median ABR was 1.0 (quartile 1, 0; quartile 3, 5.1) without clinically relevant differences between potency periods. Median ABR was similar for twice-weekly vs. three times-weekly dosing (1.0 vs. 2.0). Haemostasis was maintained during 12 major surgeries. Treatment-related adverse event (AE) incidence was ≤7% overall; no patient developed inhibitors. One patient with risk factors for cardiovascular disease developed a myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS BAY 81-8973 was efficacious in preventing and treating bleeding episodes, irrespective of the potency assignment method, with few treatment-related AEs. Caution should be used when treating older patients with cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saxena
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - S Lalezari
- National Haemophilia Centre, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | | | | | - M Yoon
- Bayer Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Pawar A, Meier JA, Dasgupta A, Diwanji N, Deshpande N, Saxena K, Buwa N, Inchanalkar S, Schwartz MA, Balasubramanian N. Ral-Arf6 crosstalk regulates Ral dependent exocyst trafficking and anchorage independent growth signalling. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1225-1236. [PMID: 27269287 PMCID: PMC4973806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Integrin dependent regulation of growth factor signalling confers anchorage dependence that is deregulated in cancers. Downstream of integrins and oncogenic Ras the small GTPase Ral is a vital mediator of adhesion dependent trafficking and signalling. This study identifies a novel regulatory crosstalk between Ral and Arf6 that controls Ral function in cells. In re-adherent mouse fibroblasts (MEFs) integrin dependent activation of RalA drives Arf6 activation. Independent of adhesion constitutively active RalA and RalB could both however activate Arf6. This is further conserved in oncogenic H-Ras containing bladder cancer T24 cells, which express anchorage independent active Ral that supports Arf6 activation. Arf6 mediates active Ral-exocyst dependent delivery of raft microdomains to the plasma membrane that supports anchorage independent growth signalling. Accordingly in T24 cells the RalB-Arf6 crosstalk is seen to preferentially regulate anchorage independent Erk signalling. Active Ral we further find uses a Ral-RalBP1-ARNO-Arf6 pathway to mediate Arf6 activation. This study hence identifies Arf6, through this regulatory crosstalk, to be a key downstream mediator of Ral isoform function along adhesion dependent pathways in normal and cancer cells. Ral mediates Arf6 activation downstream of integrins and oncogenic Ras. Arf6 mediates Ral-exocyst dependent delivery of raft microdomains. Active Ral supports anchorage independent Arf6 activation in bladder cancer T24 cells. Ral-Arf6 crosstalk in T24 cells regulates anchorage independent Erk signalling. A Ral-RalBP1-ARNO-Arf6 pathway mediates the Ral-Arf6 crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Pawar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jeremy A Meier
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Anwesha Dasgupta
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha Diwanji
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha Deshpande
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kritika Saxena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Natasha Buwa
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddhi Inchanalkar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Martin Alexander Schwartz
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 George Street, 7th Floor, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Nagaraj Balasubramanian
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India.
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Saxena K, Mody B, Rathore A. Cone beam computed tomography guided surgical stent: A preimplant planning procedure, a pilot study. J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/2321-3841.196347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Jauhari H, Grover R, Nanda O, Saxena K. Efficient quasi-solid state dye sensitized solar cell using succinonitrile : thiourea based electrolyte composition. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13667b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SEM micrograph of the optimized electrolyte with SCN : TU. Inset shows the current density–voltage characteristics of the DSSCs with reference and optimized electrolytes, A1 and A2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Jauhari
- Amity Institute of Advanced Research and Studies (Materials and Devices)
- Amity Institute of Renewable and Alternative Energy Amity University
- Noida
- India
| | - R. Grover
- Amity Institute of Advanced Research and Studies (Materials and Devices)
- Amity Institute of Renewable and Alternative Energy Amity University
- Noida
- India
| | - O. Nanda
- Amity Institute of Advanced Research and Studies (Materials and Devices)
- Amity Institute of Renewable and Alternative Energy Amity University
- Noida
- India
| | - K. Saxena
- Amity Institute of Advanced Research and Studies (Materials and Devices)
- Amity Institute of Renewable and Alternative Energy Amity University
- Noida
- India
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Croteau SE, Saxena K, Neufeld EJ. Correlation between dispensed and prescribed doses of factor products for bleeding disorders: can a small, centre‐based pharmacy hit the mark? Haemophilia 2014; 21:190-195. [PMID: 25311503 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Croteau
- Dana‐Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - K. Saxena
- Dana‐Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - E. J. Neufeld
- Dana‐Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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Leissinger C, Josephson CD, Granger S, Konkle BA, Kruse-Jarres R, Ragni MV, Journeycake JM, Valentino L, Key NS, Gill JC, McCrae KR, Neufeld EJ, Manno C, Raffini L, Saxena K, Torres M, Marder V, Bennett CM, Assmann SF. Rituximab for treatment of inhibitors in haemophilia A. A Phase II study. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:445-58. [PMID: 24919980 DOI: 10.1160/th14-01-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of antibodies against infused factor VIII (FVIII) in patients with haemophilia A is a serious complication leading to poorly controlled bleeding and increased morbidity. No treatment has been proven to reduce high titre antibodies in patients who fail immune tolerance induction or are not candidates for it. The Rituximab for the Treatment of Inhibitors in Congenital Hemophilia A (RICH) study was a phase II trial to assess whether rituximab can reduce anamnestic FVIII antibody (inhibitor) titres. Male subjects with severe congenital haemophilia A and an inhibitor titre ≥5 Bethesda Units/ml (BU) following a FVIII challenge infusion received rituximab 375 mg/m² weekly for weeks 1 through 4. Post-rituximab inhibitor titres were measured monthly from week 6 through week 22 to assess treatment response. Of 16 subjects who received at least one dose of rituximab, three (18.8%) met the criteria for a major response, defined as a fall in inhibitor titre to <5 BU, persisting after FVIII re-challenge. One subject had a minor response, defined as a fall in inhibitor titre to <5 BU, increasing to 5-10 BU after FVIII re-challenge, but <50% of the original peak inhibitor titre. Rituximab is useful in lowering inhibitor levels in patients, but its effect as a solo treatment strategy is modest. Future studies are indicated to determine the role of rituximab as an adjunctive therapy in immune tolerisation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Granger
- Suzanne Granger, MS, New England Research Institutes, Inc., 480 Pleasant St., Watertown, MA 02472, USA, Tel.: +1 617 972 3319, Fax: +1 617 926 8246, E-mail:
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Ljung R, Karim FA, Saxena K, Suzuki T, Arkhammar P, Rosholm A, Giangrande P. 40K glycoPEGylated, recombinant FVIIa: 3-month, double-blind, randomized trial of safety, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy in hemophilia patients with inhibitors. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:1260-8. [PMID: 23578227 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 40K glycoPEGylated, recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) bypassing agent (N7-GP) with a prolonged half-life (15 h) compared with rFVIIa was developed as a potential candidate for bleed-preventive regimens in patients with hemophilia and inhibitors. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy of multiple doses of N7-GP in congenital hemophilia A and B patients with high-titer inhibitors. PATIENTS/METHODS In this global, prospective, randomized, double-blinded, phase 2 trial, 25, 100 or 200 μg kg(-1) N7-GP was administered intravenously once every second day during a 3-month, bleed-preventive regimen and compared with a preceding 3-month observation period with on-demand treatment of bleeds with rFVIIa. The primary endpoint was adverse events; secondary endpoints were evaluation of immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics and efficacy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Overall, 23 patients were randomized and dosed (n = 8/7/8 for 25/100/200 μg kg(-1) ). N7-GP was well tolerated, with a low frequency of adverse events. No serious adverse events, immunogenic or thromboembolic events related to N7-GP were reported. The pharmacokinetic properties of N7-GP were similar to those reported in phase 1. The annualized bleeding rate (ABR) decreased in the treatment period vs. the observation period at all N7-GP dose levels. However, a dose-response relationship in the reduction could not be established in the N7-GP dose range evaluated. The ABR was also reduced at two dose levels during the last part of the observation period, and increased notably in the follow-up period irrespective of previous N7-GP dose. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ( REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00951405).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ljung
- Department of Paediatrics and Malmö Centre for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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Joseph S, Verma S, Sahoo M, Dixit S, Verma A, Kushwaha V, Saxena K, Sharma A, Saxena J, Murthy P. Sensitization with anti-inflammatory BmAFI of Brugia malayi allows L3 development in the hostile peritoneal cavity of Mastomys coucha. Acta Trop 2011; 120:191-205. [PMID: 21875568 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Filarial parasites survive by inducing tolerance in host but the antigens and mechanisms involved are not clear. Recently we found that BmAFI, a Sephadex G-200 eluted fraction of Brugia malayi adult worm extract, stimulates IL-10 release from THP-1 cells. In the present study, we determined the SDS-PAGE profile of BmAFI and infective 3rd stage larva (L3), investigated the effect of pre-sensitization of host with BmAFI on the survival and development of L3 in the non-permissive peritoneal cavity (p.c.) of the permissive host Mastomys coucha and in the p.c. of non-permissive Swiss mice, and studied immunological correlates for the observed effects. The parasite development and burden in p.c., was determined in sensitized infected M. coucha and Swiss mice and the release of TGF-β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ and NO, cellular proliferative response to Con A and BmAFI and levels of IgG subclasses and IgE were determined in sensitized infected M. coucha. Cellular proliferative response to Con A and BmAFI, mRNA expression of GATA-3, CTLA-4 and T-bet were determined in sensitized Swiss mice. In addition, the parasitological parameter was also studied in BmAFI-sensitized M. coucha exposed to the infection by standard subcutaneous (s.c.) route to assess whether sensitization enhances the intensity of infection. BmAFI-sensitization permitted survival of L3 and their development to adult stage by day 60 p.i. in the p.c. of M. coucha; in non-sensitized animals L3 could molt to L4 only and no parasite could be recovered beyond day 30 p.i. In M. coucha that received infection by s.c. route, pre-sensitization with BmAFI enhanced the microfilaraemia and adult worm recovery. In sensitized Swiss mice L3 could successfully molt to L4 in p.c. with improved recovery of parasite. BmAFI sensitization upregulated TGF-β and IL-10 release, IgG1 and IgG2b levels, GATA-3 and CTLA-4 mRNA expression, suppressed the cellular proliferative response and downregulated Con A stimulated response, IgE, IL-13, IFN-γ and NO responses. Immunoblot analysis showed that the BmAFI antiserum also strongly reacts with some L3 molecules. The results show, for the first time, that sensitization with the anti-inflammatory BmAFI which shares some of its molecules with those in L3, facilitates parasite survival in the non-permissive p.c. of the permissive host M. coucha, render a non-permissive Swiss mouse partially permissive to infection and enhances parasite load in M. coucha receiving the infection through permissive s.c. route by evoking a modified Th2 type of response and anti-inflammatory milieu. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory BmAFI fraction facilitates survival of B. malayi infection even in non-permissive environment.
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Murthy PK, Saxena K, Lakshmi V, Kushwaha V, Verma SK, Sharma RK. Antifilarial activity of gum from Moringa oleifera Lam. on human lymphatic filaria Brugia malayi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4103/2229-5186.93025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bhagwat AG, Saxena K, Narang S, Jain S. 'Universal' leak test? Anaesth Intensive Care 2008; 36:912-913. [PMID: 19117091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Verma A, Saxena K, Dhawan SK, Sharma RK, Sharma CP, Kamalasanan MN, Chandra S. Soluble substituted poly-p-phenylenes--a new material for application in light-emitting diodes: synthesis and characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2001; 96:215-23. [PMID: 11783888 DOI: 10.1385/abab:96:1-3:215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Poly-p-phenylenes have attracted a great deal of attention with respect to their applications in displays, light-emitting devices, and batteries. However, the polymer poly-p-phenylene obtained by the Kovacic method is insoluble and intractable. The present study reports the preparation of soluble poly(p-phenylenes) by polymerization of derivatives of benzene in the presence of a specific aromatic nuclei. The resultant copolymer so obtained is soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform and toluene. Preliminary studies have indicated that the polymer shows orange photoluminescence and electroluminescence when a potential of 7-10 V is applied to the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Verma
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Division, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
After deacylation of bovine brain sulfatide under mild alkaline conditions and reacylation using palmitoyl chloride (, Chem. Phys. Lipids. 34:41-53), the anionic glycosphingolipid N-palmitoyl galactosulfatide (C16:0-GalSulf) has been synthesized. By differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), anhydrous C16:0-GalSulf exhibits an endothermic transition, T(M) = 93 degrees C (DeltaH = 5. 5 kcal/mol C16:0-GalSulf) on heating. With increasing hydration (50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0; 50 mM NaCl), T(M) decreases, reaching a limiting value of 49 degrees C (DeltaH = 8.2 kcal/mol C16:0-GalSulf) at 20 wt% buffer. X-ray diffraction data have been recorded over the hydration range 0-62% at temperatures below (20 degrees C) and above (60 degrees C) T(M). At 20 degrees C, sharp wide-angle reflections at approximately 1/4.4 A(-1), approximately 1/4.1 A(-1), and approximately 1/3.8 A(-1) indicate the presence of an ordered-chain gel phase, whereas at 60 degrees C a broad reflection at 1/4.5 A(-1) characteristic of a melted-chain phase is observed. Lamellar diffraction patterns consistent with the presence of bilayer phases are observed at both temperatures. At 60 degrees C, in the liquid-crystalline L(alpha) phase, the bilayer periodicity increases with hydration, in both water and 100 mM Na(+) buffer. Interestingly, in the gel phase at 20 degrees C, the bilayer periodicity (d = 64 A) is insensitive to hydration (over the range 30-60 wt%) with either water or buffer. The continuous swelling behavior exhibited by the L(alpha) bilayer phase of C16:0-GalSulf is typical of lipids bearing a net negative charge and confirms that the presence of 100 mM Na(+) is insufficient to shield the charge contributed by the sulfate group. In contrast, the lack of continuous swelling behavior of the bilayer gel phase of C16:0-GalSulf is unusual and resembles that of Na(+) soaps. Thus, presumably, alterations in the surface charge characteristics of the C16:0-GalSulf bilayer occur on hydrocarbon chain melting and lead to major changes in lipid hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saxena
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Advanced Biomedical Research, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction have been used to study the structural and thermal properties of totally synthetic D-erythro-N-palmitoyl-lactosyl-C(18)-sphingosine (C16:0-LacCer). Over the temperature range 0-90 degrees C, fully hydrated C16:0-LacCer shows complex thermal transitions characteristic of polymorphic behavior of exclusively bilayer phases. On heating at 5 degrees C/min, hydrated C16:0-LacCer undergoes a complex two-peak endothermic transition with maxima at 69 degrees C and 74 degrees C and a total enthalpy of 14.6 kcal/mol C16:0-LacCer. At a slower heating rate (1.5 degrees C/min), two endothermic transitions are observed at 66 degrees C and 78 degrees C. After cooling to 0 degrees C, the subsequent heating run shows three overlapping endothermic transitions at 66 degrees C, 69 degrees C, and 71.5 degrees C, followed by a chain-melting endothermic transition at 78 degrees C. Two thermal protocols were used to completely convert C16:0-LacCer to its stable, high melting temperature (78 degrees C) form. As revealed by x-ray diffraction, over the temperature range 20-78 degrees C this stable phase exhibits a bilayer structure, periodicity d approximately 65 A with an ordered chain packing mode. At the phase transition (78 degrees C) chain melting occurs, and C16:0-LacCer converts to a liquid crystalline bilayer (L(alpha)) phase of reduced periodicity d approximately 59 A. On cooling from the L(alpha) phase, C16:0-LacCer converts to metastable bilayer phases undergoing transitions at 66-72 degrees C. These studies allow comparisons to be made with the behavior of the corresponding C16:0-Cer (. J. Lipid Res. 36:1936-1944) and C16:0-GluCer and C16:0-GalCer (. J. Lipid Res. 40:839-849). Our systematic studies are aimed at understanding the role of oligosaccharide complexity in regulating glycosphingolipid structure and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saxena
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Advanced Biomedical Research, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118 USA
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Poy F, Yaffe MB, Sayos J, Saxena K, Morra M, Sumegi J, Cantley LC, Terhorst C, Eck MJ. Crystal structures of the XLP protein SAP reveal a class of SH2 domains with extended, phosphotyrosine-independent sequence recognition. Mol Cell 1999; 4:555-61. [PMID: 10549287 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
SAP, the product of the gene mutated in X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP), consists of a single SH2 domain that has been shown to bind the cytoplasmic tail of the lymphocyte coreceptor SLAM. Here we describe structures that show that SAP binds phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated SLAM peptides in a similar mode, with the tyrosine or phosphotyrosine residue inserted into the phosphotyrosine-binding pocket. We find that specific interactions with residues N-terminal to the tyrosine, in addition to more characteristic C-terminal interactions, stabilize the complexes. A phosphopeptide library screen and analysis of mutations identified in XLP patients confirm that these extended interactions are required for SAP function. Further, we show that SAP and the similar protein EAT-2 recognize the sequence motif TIpYXX(V/I).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Poy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Saxena K, Duclos RI, Zimmermann P, Schmidt RR, Shipley GG. Structure and properties of totally synthetic galacto- and gluco-cerebrosides. J Lipid Res 1999; 40:839-49. [PMID: 10224153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural and thermal properties of aqueous dispersions of the totally synthetic cerebrosides, D-erythro-N-palmitoyl galactosyl- and glucosyl-C18-sphingosine (C16:0-GalCer and C16:0-GluCer, respectively) have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction. Over the temperature range 0-100 degrees C, both C16:0-GalCer and C16:0-GluCer show complex thermal transitions characteristic of polymorphic behavior of exclusively bilayer phases. On heating, hydrated C16:0-GalCer undergoes an exothermic bilayer-bilayer transition at 59 degrees C to produce a stable bilayer crystal form. X-ray diffraction at 70 degrees C reveals a bilayer structure with an ordered hydrocarbon chain-packing arrangement. This ordered bilayer phase undergoes an endothermic chain-melting transition at 85 degrees C to the bilayer liquid crystalline state. Similar behavior is exhibited by hydrated C16:0-GluCer which undergoes the exothermic transition at 49 degrees C and a chain-melting transition at 87 degrees C. The exothermic transitions observed on heating hydrated C16:0-GalCer and C16:0-GluCer are irreversible and dependent upon previous chain melting, prior cooling rate, and time of incubation at low temperatures. Thus, the structure and properties of totally synthetic C16:0-GalCer and C16:0-GluCer with identical sphingosine (C18:1) and fatty acid (C16:0) chains are quite similar, suggesting that the precise isomeric structure of the linked sugar plays only a minor role in regulating the properties of hydrated cerebrosides. Further, these studies indicate that the complex thermal behavior and bilayer phase formation exhibited by these single-sugar cerebrosides are intrinsic properties and not due to the heterogeneity of the sphingosine base found in natural and partially synthetic cerebrosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saxena
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Center for Advanced Biomedical Research, Boston University School of Medicine, 80 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118-2394, USA
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Abstract
Our knowledge of the large family of proteins that contain the WD repeat continues to accumulate. The WD-repeat proteins are found in all eukaryotes and are implicated in a wide variety of crucial functions. The solution of the three-dimensional structure of one WD-repeat protein and the assumption that the structure will be common to all members of this family has allowed subfamilies of WD-repeat proteins to be defined on the basis of probable surface similarity. Proteins that have very similar surfaces are likely to have common binding partners and similar functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Smith
- Boston University, Biomolecular Engineering Research Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Saxena K, Drosou V, Maier E, Benz R, Ludwig B. Ion selectivity reversal and induction of voltage-gating by site-directed mutations in the Paracoccus denitrificans porin. Biochemistry 1999; 38:2206-12. [PMID: 10026305 DOI: 10.1021/bi982296f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The porin from Paracoccus denitrificans, a slightly anion specific outer membrane pore protein, was expressed in Escherichia coli, isolated from inclusion bodies, and refolded in the presence of urea and detergents. The purified recombinant protein was reconstituted into black lipid bilayer membranes and showed no difference in its functional properties in comparison to the native porin isolated from P.denitrificans membranes. To investigate the molecular basis of its ion selectivity and voltage-gating, a series of site-directed mutants was constructed, comprising acidic residues located on the third extracellular loop (L3), which forms the constriction zone of the channel, and basic residues along the opposing barrel wall. Measurements using zero-current membrane potentials indicated that the selectivity changed drastically from a slight anion to a distinct cation selectivity with the exchange of residues R29 and R31 by glutamate, whereas replacements on the L3 loop went largely unaffected. However, when assaying the voltage-dependent closure of channels, only mutations located on the L3 loop showed an effect, in contrast to the voltage-independent recombinant and native Paracoccus porin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saxena
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Frankfurt, Germany
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Panchenko MP, Saxena K, Li Y, Charnecki S, Sternweis PM, Smith TF, Gilman AG, Kozasa T, Neer EJ. Sites important for PLCbeta2 activation by the G protein betagamma subunit map to the sides of the beta propeller structure. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:28298-304. [PMID: 9774453 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.43.28298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The betagamma subunits of the heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) that couple heptahelical, plasma membrane-bound receptors to intracellular effector enzymes or ion channels directly regulate several types of effectors, including phospholipase Cbeta and adenylyl cyclase. The beta subunit is made up of two structurally different regions: an N-terminal alpha helix followed by a toroidal structure made up of 7 blades, each of which is a twisted beta sheet composed of four anti-parallel beta strands (Wall, M. A., Coleman, D. E., Lee, E., Iñiguez-Lluhi, J. A., Posner, B. A., Gilman, A. G., and Sprang, S. R. (1995) Cell 83, 1047-1058; Lambright, D. G., Sondek, J., Bohm, A., Skiba, N. P., Hamm, H. E., and Sigler, P. B. (1996) Nature 379, 311-319). We have previously shown that sites for activation of PLCbeta2, PLCbeta3, and adenylyl cyclase II overlap on the "top" surface of the propeller, where Galpha also binds (Li, Y., Sternweis, P. M., Charnecki, S., Smith, T. F., Gilman, A. G., Neer, E. J., and Kozasa, T. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 16265-16272). The present study was undertaken to identify the regions on the side of the torus that might be important for effector interactions. We made mutations in each of the outer beta strands of the G protein beta1 propeller, as well as mutations in the loops that connect the outer strands to the adjacent beta strands. Our results suggest that activation of PLCbeta2 involves residues in the outer strands of blades 2, 6, and 7 of the propeller. We tested three of the mutations that most severely affected PLCbeta2 activity against two forms of adenylyl cyclase (ACI and ACII). Both inhibition of ACI and activation of ACII were unaffected by these mutations, suggesting that if ACI and ACII contact the outer strands, the sites of contact are different from those for PLCbeta2. We propose that distinct sets of contacts along the sides of the propeller will define the specificity of the interaction of betagamma with effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Panchenko
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor plays a key role in maintaining circulating and cellular cholesterol homeostasis. The LDL receptor is a transmembrane glycoprotein whose biochemical and genetic properties have been extensively studied notably by Brown, Goldstein and colleagues [Brown, M. S., & Goldstein, J. L., (1986) Science 232, 34-47]. However, few if any structural studies of the LDL receptor have been reported, and details of its secondary and tertiary structure are lacking. In an attempt to determine the low-resolution structure of the LDL receptor, we have purified the receptor from bovine adrenal cortices using modifications of the method of Schneider et al. [Schneider, W. J., Goldstein, J. L., & Brown, M. S. (1985) Methods in Enzymol.109, 405-417]. Using circular dichroism, the secondary structure of the detergent-solubilized bovine LDL receptor at 25 degrees C was shown to be 19% alpha-helix, 42% beta-sheet, and 39% random coil. Interestingly, the detergent-solubilized receptor appeared to be quite resistant to changes in secondary structure over the temperature range 10-90 degrees C, with only minor but reversible changes being observed. In contrast, a more pronounced unfolding of the detergent-solubilized receptor was observed in the presence of guanidinium hydrochloride. Using the complete sequence of the human LDL receptor, sequence analysis by the Chou-Fasman prediction algorithm showed quite good agreement with the experimentally determined secondary structure of the bovine LDL receptor at 25 degrees C. Finally, the purified, bovine LDL receptor was reconstituted into large unilamellar vesicles of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine using a procedure exploiting preformed vesicles and detergent dialysis. We showed previously using negative stain electron microscopy that reconstituted vesicles bind LDL. Now, using cryoelectron microscopy of frozen hydrated reconstituted vesicles evidence of an extended, stick-like morphology (length approximately 120 A) for the extracellular domain of the LDL receptor has been obtained. Successful purification of the receptor, its incorporation into single bilayer vesicles, and its direct visualization by cryoelectron microscopy pave the way for more detailed structural studies of the LDL receptor and the receptor-LDL complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saxena
- Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Center for Advanced Biomedical Research, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Abstract
Bacterial porins facilitate the passive uptake of small solutes across the outer membrane of the cell. The channel properties and the primary structure of the porin from Paracoccus denitrificans were investigated. As judged from single-channel conductance experiments, this porin forms trimeric pores that show no ion selectivity in potassium chloride solution, which indicates that the charges within or near the channel are balanced. Based on peptide fragment sequence, the gene porG, which codes for this general pore protein, was cloned and analyzed. Its primary translation product contains a 20-residue signal sequence, followed by the 295 amino acids of the mature protein with a molecular mass of 31.9 kDa. Sequence alignments with porins from Rhodopseudomonas blastica and Rhodobacter capsulatus and secondary structure predictions suggest a typical rigid barrel structure consisting of 16 antiparallel beta-strands.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saxena
- Molekulare Genetik, Institut für Biochemie, Biozentrum der Universität Frankfurt, Germany
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45
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine: (1) whether a lumbar puncture (LP) is indicated in asymptomatic full-term newborns delivered by mothers at risk of intrapartum sepsis; and (2) whether gentamicin improves bacterial coverage for such newborns when used with ampicillin. DESIGN A retrospective chart review from 1987 through 1993 of all newborns with positive blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid cultures in the first 7 days of life. METHODS Pregnant women were screened in the second trimester for group B streptococci and given ampicillin during labor if two or more risk factors were present: group B streptococci colonization, maternal fever or leukocytosis, rupture of membranes at more than 18 hours, foul-smelling amniotic fluid, and fetal tachycardia. After sepsis evaluation (LP, blood culture, white blood cell count, and differential), asymptomatic infants received ampicillin and gentamicin for 48 to 72 hours unless cultures grew pathogens. RESULTS Of approximately 24 452 full-term births in 7 years, 7% (1712) had evaluations for symptoms of sepsis, and 14% (3423) were asymptomatic but had evaluations for maternal risk factors. There were 11 cases of meningitis, all involving symptomatic newborns; 10 of these 11 had positive blood cultures for the same organism. In asymptomatic infants, none of the 3423 had meningitis (95% confidence interval, 0 to 0.0008), although 35 grew contaminants. Of 73 pathogens isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid, 7 (9.5%) were resistant to ampicillin. Addition of gentamicin provided coverage for only 2 of these 7 pathogens. Of 5135 infants who received ampicillin and gentamicin, only 2 required gentamicin for improved coverage. CONCLUSIONS (1) LP is unnecessary in asymptomatic full-term newborns. (2) Empiric coverage for asymptomatic newborns with maternal risk factors need not include gentamicin at all hospitals, because it only improved the coverage of ampicillin alone from 90% to 93% of pathogens, but it exposed more than 5000 infants to the side effects of gentamicin. (3) The presence of leukopenia (<5000 white blood cells/mm) is highly predictive of bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University at MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
The crystal structure of a non-specific porin from Paracoccus denitrificans at 3.1 A resolution has been solved by molecular replacement using the porin from Rhodopseudomonas blastica as the search model. Paracoccus porin is very similar to other non-specific porins of known structure: a trimer of 16 stranded beta-barrels each with a central pore constricted by a long extracellular loop folding back against the barrel wall. The distinctive distribution of charged residues of this non-specific porin contributes to understanding the relation between structure and ion selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hirsch
- Universität Konstanz, Fakultät für Biologie, Germany
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47
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Saxena K, Gaitatzes C, Walsh MT, Eck M, Neer EJ, Smith TF. Analysis of the physical properties and molecular modeling of Sec13: A WD repeat protein involved in vesicular traffic. Biochemistry 1996; 35:15215-21. [PMID: 8952469 DOI: 10.1021/bi961616x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
WD repeat proteins are a family of proteins that contain a series of highly conserved internal repeat motifs, usually ending with WD (Trp-Asp). The G beta subunit of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein is a member of this family, and its crystal structure has been recently solved at high resolution (Wall et al. (1995) Cell 83, 1047-1058; Sondek et al. (1996) Nature 379, 369-374). Based on the coordinates of G beta, we have constructed a model for the structure of Sec13, a 33 kDa WD repeat protein from Saccharomyces cerevesiae essential for vesicular traffic. The model has been tested using a combination of biophysical and biochemical methods. Sec13 was expressed in Escherichia coli as a hexa-His-tagged protein (H6Sec13) and purified to homogeneity. In contrast to some other WD repeat proteins that are unable to fold into monomeric structures when expressed in E. coli, H6Sec13 was soluble and monomeric in the absence of detergent. The far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectra of H6Sec13 indicated less than 10% alpha-helix consistent with the model which predicts primarily beta-sheets. H6Sec13 shows a cooperative and irreversible thermal denaturation curve consistent with a tightly packed structure. The CD spectrum shows an unusual positive ellipticity at 229 nm that was attributed to interactions of surface tryptophans since the 229 nm maximum could be abolished by modification of 6.3 +/- 0.3 (n = 3) tryptophans (out of 15 total in the molecule) with N-bromosuccinimide. Our model predicts that three sets of tryptophans are clustered near the surface. As predicted by the model, purified H6Sec13 was completely resistant to trypsin digestion. The concordance of the model of Sec13 presented in this paper with the biochemical and biophysical studies suggests that this model can be useful as a guide to further experiments designed to elucidate the function of Sec13 in vesicular traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saxena
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Saxena K, Henry TR, Solem LE, Wallace KB. Enhanced induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition following acute menadione administration. Arch Biochem Biophys 1995; 317:79-84. [PMID: 7872807 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1995.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition in vitro is well-characterized and widely implicated in the mechanism of oxidant-induced cell death. Despite an abundance of in vitro evidence, implication of mitochondrial dysfunction in the mechanism of chemical toxicity in vivo awaits demonstration of the induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition in tissues from intoxicated animals. Menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), an agent known to induce the permeability transition in isolated liver mitochondrial in vitro, was administered as a single bolus to adult male rats, and hepatic mitochondria were isolated 24 h later. Mitochondria from menadione-treated rats exhibited an increased sensitivity to calcium-induced inhibition of state 3 respiration and loss of respiratory control, as well as a greater sensitivity to calcium-induced calcium release that was inhibited by cyclosporine A. Associated with this was the depolarization of membrane potential and swelling of mitochondria from menadione-treated animals, but not control animals. Both the calcium-dependent depolarization and swelling of mitochondria from menadione-treated rats were inhibited by adding either cyclosporine A or ruthenium red. The results are consistent with the induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition and provide the first evidence for the manifestation of an increased sensitivity to this response as a result of chemical exposure in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Duluth 55812-2487
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Saxena K, Singhal KC. Evaluation of PGE2 gel for cervical ripening and induction of labour. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1994; 38:193-6. [PMID: 7814081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In a prospective study a single dose PGE2 gel 0.5 mg was given in 97 Low Bishop Score subjects, 12 hrs prior to indicated oxytocin or PGE2 tab induction for cervical ripening. Analysis of 97 subjects shows that it is very highly effective. 56 primi and 21 multi delivered spontaneously with gel administration only while 4 primi and 2 multi delivered vaginally following oxytocin and 3 more cases delivered vaginally following PGE2 tab administration and fewer caesarian section (11) were performed. The endo cervical administration of PGE2 was well tolerated and systemic PGE2 effects were minimal.
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Maheshwari V, Tyagi SP, Saxena K, Tyagi N, Sharma R, Aziz M, Hameed F. Surface epithelial tumours of the ovary. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1994; 37:75-85. [PMID: 8088904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface epithelial tumours (SET) constituted 65.7% of all the ovarian tumours. Benign tumours were 182 (71.9%), of low malignant potential (LMP) 11 (4.4%) and frank malignant 60 (23.7%). Maximum number of cases, 102 (40.3%) belonged to 3rd decade. Mean age for serous cystoma was 31.5% years as compared to 30.8 years for mucinous cystoma. The commonest presenting feature was the abdominal lump observed in 182 cases (71.9%) and pain in abdomen in 120 (47.4%). Serous cystomas were t he most frequent tumours and comprised of 32.21% of all the ovarian tumours or 46.01% of all the SET or 65.56% of all the cystic SET. Seventeen (11.7%) of serous tumours were bilateral. Mucinous cystomas constituted 14.55% of all the ovarian tumours or 30.8% of all the SET. These tumours were bulky (78.6%; 15 cm diameter) and multilocular (83.9%). Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma was the commonest malignant epithelial tum our (36.6%). Endometroid carcinoma comprised 3.65% of all the SET or 8.4% of all the ovarian malignancy. Squamous metaplasia was seen in one case whereas 2 cases were of mesodermal mixed tumour with heterologous element as rhabdomyosarcoma. Clear cell carcinoma, Brenner tumour and unclassified group constituted 0.79%, 1.18% and 1.58% of all SET respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Maheshwari
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University
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