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Chandan K, Saadeh R, Qazza A, Karthik K, Varun Kumar RS, Kumar RN, Khan U, Masmoudi A, Abdou MMM, Ojok W, Kumar R. Predicting the thermal distribution in a convective wavy fin using a novel training physics-informed neural network method. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7045. [PMID: 38528081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57772-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Fins are widely used in many industrial applications, including heat exchangers. They benefit from a relatively economical design cost, are lightweight, and are quite miniature. Thus, this study investigates the influence of a wavy fin structure subjected to convective effects with internal heat generation. The thermal distribution, considered a steady condition in one dimension, is described by a unique implementation of a physics-informed neural network (PINN) as part of machine-learning intelligent strategies for analyzing heat transfer in a convective wavy fin. This novel research explores the use of PINNs to examine the effect of the nonlinearity of temperature equation and boundary conditions by altering the hyperparameters of the architecture. The non-linear ordinary differential equation (ODE) involved with heat transfer is reduced into a dimensionless form utilizing the non-dimensional variables to simplify the problem. Furthermore, Runge-Kutta Fehlberg's fourth-fifth order (RKF-45) approach is implemented to evaluate the simplified equations numerically. To predict the wavy fin's heat transfer properties, an advanced neural network model is created without using a traditional data-driven approach, the ability to solve ODEs explicitly by incorporating a mean squared error-based loss function. The obtained results divulge that an increase in the thermal conductivity variable upsurges the thermal distribution. In contrast, a decrease in temperature profile is caused due to the augmentation in the convective-conductive variable values.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chandan
- Department of Mathematics, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rania Saadeh
- Faculty of Science, Zarqa University, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan.
| | - Ahmad Qazza
- Faculty of Science, Zarqa University, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan
| | - K Karthik
- Department of Studies in Mathematics, Davangere University, Davangere, Karnataka, 577002, India
| | - R S Varun Kumar
- Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - R Naveen Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Umair Khan
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Sakarya University, Serdivan/Sakarya, 54050, Turkey
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Byblos, 1401, Lebanon
| | - Atef Masmoudi
- College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Modather M Abdou
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
| | - Walter Ojok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Muni University, P.O Box 725, Arua, Uganda
| | - Raman Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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Poornima BS, Sarris IE, Chandan K, Nagaraja K, Kumar RSV, Ben Ahmed S. Evolutionary Computing for the Radiative-Convective Heat Transfer of a Wetted Wavy Fin Using a Genetic Algorithm-Based Neural Network. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:574. [PMID: 38132513 PMCID: PMC10741923 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8080574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary algorithms are a large class of optimization techniques inspired by the ideas of natural selection, and can be employed to address challenging problems. These algorithms iteratively evolve populations using crossover, which combines genetic information from two parent solutions, and mutation, which adds random changes. This iterative process tends to produce effective solutions. Inspired by this, the current study presents the results of thermal variation on the surface of a wetted wavy fin using a genetic algorithm in the context of parameter estimation for artificial neural network models. The physical features of convective and radiative heat transfer during wet surface conditions are also considered to develop the model. The highly nonlinear governing ordinary differential equation of the proposed fin problem is transmuted into a dimensionless equation. The graphical outcomes of the aspects of the thermal profile are demonstrated for specific non-dimensional variables. The primary observation of the current study is a decrease in temperature profile with a rise in wet parameters and convective-conductive parameters. The implemented genetic algorithm offers a powerful optimization technique that can effectively tune the parameters of the artificial neural network, leading to an enhanced predictive accuracy and convergence with the numerically obtained solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. S. Poornima
- Department of Mathematics, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru 560035, Karnataka, India; (B.S.P.); (K.C.); (K.V.N.); (R.S.V.K.)
| | - Ioannis E. Sarris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece
| | - K. Chandan
- Department of Mathematics, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru 560035, Karnataka, India; (B.S.P.); (K.C.); (K.V.N.); (R.S.V.K.)
| | - K.V. Nagaraja
- Department of Mathematics, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru 560035, Karnataka, India; (B.S.P.); (K.C.); (K.V.N.); (R.S.V.K.)
| | - R. S. Varun Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru 560035, Karnataka, India; (B.S.P.); (K.C.); (K.V.N.); (R.S.V.K.)
| | - Samia Ben Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia;
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Chandan K, Mohanan G, Unnikrishnan J, Job S. Relevance of sonological evaluation in medial knee injuries and its comparison with magnetic resonance imaging findings – A prospective study. J Orthop Dis Traumatol 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/jodp.jodp_23_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Arya A, Chandan K, Kumar S, Kumar R, Verma P. Functional outcome of mid-shaft clavicle fracture treated with precontoured superior plate placement: A retrospective study. J Orthop Dis Traumatol 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jodp.jodp_5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Chandan K, Arya A, Kumarverma P, Kumar S. “To compare the relative effectiveness of intralesional steroid versus platelet-rich plasma injection among 80 patients in plantar fasciitis: A prospective study”. J Orthop Traumatol Rehabil 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jotr.jotr_27_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Chandan K, Unnikrishnan J, Bindulal VA. Posteromedial tibial plateau fractures – Functional outcome of posteromedial buttress plating with precontoured locking plate using modified lobenhoffer approach. J Orthop Dis Traumatol 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jodp.jodp_22_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Yadav A, Singh PK, Yadav N, Kaushik R, Chandan K, Chandra A, Singh S, Garg S, Gupta PC, Sinha DN, Mehrotra R. Smokeless tobacco control in India: policy review and lessons for high-burden countries. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 5:bmjgh-2020-002367. [PMID: 32665375 PMCID: PMC7365431 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the magnitude of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use in India and identified policy gaps to ascertain the priorities for SLT control in India and other high SLT burden countries in the Southeast Asia region. We reviewed and analysed the legal and policy framework to identify policy gaps, options and priority areas to address the SLT burden in India and lessons thereof. In India, 21.4% adults, including 29.6% of men, 12.8% of women, use SLT while more than 0.35 million Indians die every year due to SLT use. SLT use remains a huge public health concern for other countries in the region as well. Priority areas for SLT control should include: constant monitoring, increasing taxes and price of SLT products, strengthening and strict enforcement of existing laws, integration of SLT cessation with all health and development programmes, banning of advertisement and promotion of SLT, increasing age of access to tobacco up to 21 years, introducing licensing for the sale of SLT, standardising of SLT packaging and preventing SLT industry interference in the implementation of SLT control policies besides a committed multistakeholder approach for effective policy formulation and enforcement. SLT control in India and the other high SLT burden countries, especially in the Southeast Asia region, should focus on strengthening and implementing the above policy priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Yadav
- WHO FCTC Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Division of Preventive Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nisha Yadav
- Harlal School of Law, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kaushik
- Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kumar Chandan
- WHO FCTC Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anshika Chandra
- WHO FCTC Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shalini Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suneela Garg
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Prakash C Gupta
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Ravi Mehrotra
- India Cancer Research Consortium, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Chandan K, Kumar R, Ranjan R, Amar R. Functional outcome of intra-articular fracture of distal end of radius treated by open reduction and internal fixation with locking distal radius system. J Orthop Dis Traumatol 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jodp.jodp_39_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
Background & objectives: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption is a global health issue with about 350 million users and numerous adverse health consequences like oral cancer and myocardial disorders. Hence, cessation of SLT use is as essential as smoking cessation. An update on the available literature on SLT cessation intervention studies is provided here. Methods: Through an extensive literature search on SLT cessation intervention studies, using keywords such as smokeless tobacco, cessation, interventions, quitlines, brief advice, nicotine replacement therapy, nicotine gum, nicotine lozenge, nicotine patch, bupropion, varenicline, mHealth, etc., 59 eligible studies were selected. Furthermore, efficacy of the interventions was assessed from the reported risk ratios (RRs) [confidence intervals (CIs)] and quit rates. Results: Studies were conducted in Scandinavia, India, United Kingdom, Pakistan and the United States of America, with variable follow up periods of one month to 10 years. Behavioural interventions alone showed high efficacy in SLT cessation; most studies were conducted among adults and showed positive effects, i.e. RR [CI] 0.87 [0.7, 1.09] to 3.84 [2.33, 6.33], quit rate between 9-51.5 per cent, at six months. Regular telephone support/quitlines also proved beneficial. Among pharmacological modalities, nicotine lozenges and varenicline proved efficacious in SLT cessation. Interpretation & conclusions: Globally, there is limited information available on SLT cessation intervention trials, research on which must be encouraged, especially in the low-resource, high SLT burden countries; behavioural interventions are most suitable for such settings. Appropriate training/sensitization of healthcare professionals, and school-based SLT use prevention and cessation programmes need to be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Tanya Nethan
- Division of Clinical Oncology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
| | | | - Kumar Chandan
- WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
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Chandan K, Yadav A, Chandra A, Mehrotra R. Using Social Media as an Effective Tool for Motivating Cancer Prevention. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.80500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer is among leading cause of death (8.8 million) worldwide. Around 14.2 million new cases were recorded in 2012 and increasing each year. On the other hand there are about 2.8 billion users of different social media platforms (i.e., 37% of the world population). This tremendous power of social media can be used for disseminating effective information and communication on cancer prevention more efficiently (i.e., in less time to more people) to create awareness against the disease. Tobacco, alcohol and food industry have been using social media for aggressive advertising and marketing of their products. There is an urgent need to maximally use this medium of communication for advancing cancer prevention globally. Aim: To assess the role of social media in implementing effective health promotion strategies to advance cancer prevention. Methods: Extensive Web search has been done on the way social media (e.g., Facebook) is used for advancing public health communication and how it has been leveraged in the field of cancer prevention. Several Facebook pages and groups, YouTube channels were analyzed thoroughly. Various reports and articles on social media have been reviewed and analyzed. Results: Social media has been found very effective in terms of engaging greater number of population globally. Many Facebook pages and groups are available that provide information regarding specific cancer or provide support for cancer survivors. Several informative videos related to cancer prevention and survivors' stories are broadcast on various YouTube channels run by individuals, government, and nongovernment organizations. There have been many Instagram accounts on cancer but many of them don't provide relevant information on cancer prevention. However, genuine and relevant information are available through several Twitter handles. These social media platforms have very high penetration power. Facebook, YouTube, Instagram and Twitter have monthly reach to more than 1871, 1000, 500 and 263 million users respectively. This large number of user base can become a great source of spreading information on various aspects of cancer prevention through a comprehensive social media campaign. Conclusion: Social media platforms improve outreach and can also help carrying the relevant preventive health messages on cancer prevention, not only for the cancer patient but the public at large. Social media will help in amplifying the messages to the global mass while motivating prevention and health promotion to achieve public health objectives.
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Chandra A, Yadav A, Chandan K, Mehrotra R. Regulatory Compliance: A Challenge for Unbranded Smokeless Tobacco Products. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.79402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) is available in many forms in India and is widely used by all social groups. SLT market in India is the world largest market. Over the last 2 decades, the SLT industry in India has grown immensely, mostly in cottage industry sector and unorganized sector. Several SLT products are self-made or mixed by users themselves. This presents a great challenge for regulation of such unbranded and loose products. Cancer of the oral cavity and the pharynx are a major public health problem in India. At least 90% of these cancers are caused by SLT products use. Aim: To study the challenges for unbranded SLT products in implementing the mandated regulatory compliances under the Indian Tobacco Control Law that applies to all tobacco products. Methods: The information on unbranded/loose SLT products was collected through literature search, field trips, discussions with SLT product vendors and with community members of different age group. Results: Several types of unbranded SLT products are sold both in urban and rural India. These unbranded products vary from state to state. In some cases they vary from 1 place to another within a state. Most of the unbranded products do not comply with the legal mandates of the Indian tobacco control (COTPA) and food safety (FSSA) laws that regulate sale of tobacco products. The biggest fall-out of unbranded sale is that there is no pictorial health warnings to warn the users about the ill effects of these SLT products as required under section 7 of COTPA. In addition these products also do not mention the minimum requirement of the packaging and labeling under the legal metrology law. In absence of the pictorial health warnings these SLT products become more accessible and affordable to minors. The FSSA prohibits use of tobacco and nicotine as ingredient in any food item, however, most of the unbranded SLT products are sold with added flavorings, condiments and spices which are classified as food. Conclusion: Strict implementation of the mandated regulatory provisions is needed to check the unrestricted sale of unbranded products. Noncompliant unbranded/loose SLT products should be confiscated as per the prescriptions of the existing tobacco control and food safety laws. Findings from this paper calls for development of policies that will prevent sale of unbranded/loose SLT products in India to protect the unsuspecting youth and other vulnerable group of population from these cancer traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Chandra
- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, Gautam Budh Nagar, Noida, India
| | - A. Yadav
- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, Gautam Budh Nagar, Noida, India
| | - K. Chandan
- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, Gautam Budh Nagar, Noida, India
| | - R. Mehrotra
- Indian Council of Medical Research- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Gautam Budh Nagar, Noida, India
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Saraf DS, Mehrotra R, Chandan K, Sinha DN, Yadav A. A review of trade practices of smokeless tobacco products in terms of prohibition on sale, manufacturing & importation in Framework Convention on Tobacco Control ratified Parties. Indian J Med Res 2018; 148:90-97. [PMID: 30264757 PMCID: PMC6172913 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2027_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Over the past decade, the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) has served as a powerful tool to initiate and advance global tobacco control efforts. However, the control strategies have mainly targeted demand-side measures. The goal of a tobacco-free world by 2040 cannot be achieved if the supply-side measures are not addressed. This analysis was undertaken to examine the tobacco control legislations of various Parties ratifying WHO FCTC with an objective to ascertain the status of prohibition of importation, sale and manufacturing of smokeless tobacco products. METHODS All 180 Parties to WHO FCTC were included for the study. A comprehensive database of all the parties to FCTC was created and tobacco control legislations and regulations of all parties were studied in detail. RESULTS Overall, the sale of smokeless tobacco (SLT) products was prohibited in 45 Parties. Eleven Parties prohibited manufacturing of SLT products and six Parties imposed a ban on importation of SLT products. Australia, Bhutan, Singapore and Sri Lanka banned all three. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive tobacco control strategy with effective tobacco cessation programme should complement strong legal actions such as prohibition on trade in SLT products to meet the public health objective of such laws and regulations. In addition, multisectoral efforts are needed for effective implementation of such restrictions imposed by the governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh Saraf
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
| | - Kumar Chandan
- WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
| | | | - Amit Yadav
- WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
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Yadav A, Chandan K, Sinha DN, Mehrotra R, Chandra A. Protection from exposure to second hand SLT use in public places - spitting a public health concern or a public nuisance? Tob Induc Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.18332/tid/84503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Sinha DN, Grover S, Kaur H, Chandan K, Gupta PC, Mehrotra R. Global policy progress in Article 13 of World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) on Cigarettes (CIG) and Smokeless Tobacco (SLT). Tob Induc Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.18332/tid/84083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Nethan S, Sinha D, Chandan K, Mehrotra R. Article 14 of WHO FCTC: gaps in implementation & recommendations. Tob Induc Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.18332/tid/84092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Yadav A, Sinha DN, Chandan K, Mehrotra R. Urgent need for implementing media education campaigns and health warnings in Parties with high burden of SLT use. Tob Induc Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.18332/tid/84076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ravi P, Chandan K, Grover S, Chandra A, Sinha D, Mehrotra R. Marketing of Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) products through internet among the WHO FCTC ratified countries. Tob Induc Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.18332/tid/84481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Sumitha A, Geetha M, Shashikala G, Somashekar H, Chandan K. Efficacy and safety of 1% terbinafine hydrochloride versus 2% sertaconazole cream in the treatment of tinea corporis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20150020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chandan K, van Iersel MP, Aladjem MI, Kohn KW, Luna A. PathVisio-Validator: a rule-based validation plugin for graphical pathway notations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 28:889-90. [PMID: 22199389 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The PathVisio-Validator plugin aims to simplify the task of producing biological pathway diagrams that follow graphical standardized notations, such as Molecular Interaction Maps or the Systems Biology Graphical Notation. This plugin assists in the creation of pathway diagrams by ensuring correct usage of a notation, and thereby reducing ambiguity when diagrams are shared among biologists. Rulesets, needed in the validation process, can be generated for any graphical notation that a developer desires, using either Schematron or Groovy. The plugin also provides support for filtering validation results, validating on a subset of rules, and distinguishing errors and warnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Chandan
- Keshav Memorial Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Prajakta D, Ratnesh J, Chandan K, Suresh S, Grace S, Meera V, Vandana P. Curcumin loaded pH-sensitive nanoparticles for the treatment of colon cancer. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2010; 5:445-55. [PMID: 20201417 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2009.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The investigation was aimed at designing pH-sensitive, polymeric nanoparticles of curcumin, a natural anti-cancer agent, for the treatment of colon cancer. The objective was to enhance the bioavailability of curcumin, simultaneously reducing the required dose through selective targeting to colon. Eudragit S100 was chosen to aid targeting since the polymer dissolves at colonic pH to result in selective colonic release of the entrapped drug. Solvent emulsion-evaporation technique was employed to formulate the nanoparticles. Various process parameters were optimized and the optimized formulation was evaluated for particle size distribution and encapsulation efficiency before subjecting to freeze-drying. The freeze dried product was characterized for particle size, drug content, DSC studies, particle morphology. Anti-cancer potential of the formulation was demonstrated by MTT assay in HT-29 cell line. Nanometric, homogeneous, spherical particles were obtained with encapsulation efficiency of 72%. Freeze-dried nanoparticles exhibited a negative surface charge, drug content of > 99% and presence of drug in amorphous form which may result in possible enhanced absorption. MTT assay demonstrated almost double inhibition of the cancerous cells by nanoparticles, as compared to curcumin alone, at the concentrations tested. Enhanced action may be attributed to size influenced improved cellular uptake, and may result in reduction of overall dose requirement. Results indicate the potential for in vivo studies to establish the clinical application of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandekar Prajakta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N.P Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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