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Marcink TC, Zipursky G, Cheng W, Stearns K, Stenglein S, Golub K, Cohen F, Bovier F, Pfalmer D, Greninger AL, Porotto M, des Georges A, Moscona A. Subnanometer structure of an enveloped virus fusion complex on viral surface reveals new entry mechanisms. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade2727. [PMID: 36763666 PMCID: PMC9917000 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Paramyxoviruses-including important pathogens like parainfluenza, measles, and Nipah viruses-use a receptor binding protein [hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) for parainfluenza] and a fusion protein (F), acting in a complex, to enter cells. We use cryo-electron tomography to visualize the fusion complex of human parainfluenza virus 3 (HN/F) on the surface of authentic clinical viruses at a subnanometer resolution sufficient to answer mechanistic questions. An HN loop inserts in a pocket on F, showing how the fusion complex remains in a ready but quiescent state until activation. The globular HN heads are rotated with respect to each other: one downward to contact F, and the other upward to grapple cellular receptors, demonstrating how HN/F performs distinct steps before F activation. This depiction of viral fusion illuminates potentially druggable targets for paramyxoviruses and sheds light on fusion processes that underpin wide-ranging biological processes but have not been visualized in situ or at the present resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C. Marcink
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gillian Zipursky
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenjing Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle Stearns
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shari Stenglein
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kate Golub
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frances Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Bovier
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Pfalmer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander L. Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Amedee des Georges
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
- PhD Programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Moscona
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Ng D, Pinharanda A, Vogt MC, Litwin-Kumar A, Stearns K, Thopte U, Cannavo E, Enikolopov A, Fiederling F, Kosmidis S, Noro B, Rodrigues-Vaz I, Shayya H, Andolfatto P, Peterka DS, Tabachnik T, D’Armiento J, Goldklang M, Bendesky A. WHotLAMP: A simple, inexpensive, and sensitive molecular test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257464. [PMID: 34529736 PMCID: PMC8445428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, epidemiological control of the virus is still challenging due to slow vaccine rollouts, incomplete vaccine protection to current and emerging variants, and unwillingness to get vaccinated. Therefore, frequent testing of individuals to identify early SARS-CoV-2 infections, contact-tracing and isolation strategies remain crucial to mitigate viral spread. Here, we describe WHotLAMP, a rapid molecular test to detect SARS-CoV-2 in saliva. WHotLAMP is simple to use, highly sensitive (~4 viral particles per microliter of saliva) and specific, as well as inexpensive, making it ideal for frequent screening. Moreover, WHotLAMP does not require toxic chemicals or specialized equipment and thus can be performed in point-of-care settings, and may also be adapted for resource-limited environments or home use. While applied here to SARS-CoV-2, WHotLAMP can be modified to detect other pathogens, making it adaptable for other diagnostic assays, including for use in future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ng
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ana Pinharanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Merly C. Vogt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ashok Litwin-Kumar
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Kyle Stearns
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Urvashi Thopte
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Enrico Cannavo
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Felix Fiederling
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Stylianos Kosmidis
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Barbara Noro
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ines Rodrigues-Vaz
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Hani Shayya
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Peter Andolfatto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Darcy S. Peterka
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Tanya Tabachnik
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeanine D’Armiento
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Center for LAM and Rare Lung Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Monica Goldklang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Center for LAM and Rare Lung Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Andres Bendesky
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
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Gerber A, Goldklang M, Stearns K, Ma X, Xiao R, Zelonina T, D'Armiento J. Attenuation of pulmonary injury by an inhaled MMP inhibitor in the endotoxin lung injury model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L1036-L1047. [PMID: 33026238 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00420.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by pulmonary edema and poor gas exchange resulting from severe inflammatory lung injury. Neutrophilic infiltration and increased pulmonary vascular permeability are hallmarks of early ARDS and precipitate a self-perpetuating cascade of inflammatory signaling. The biochemical processes initiating these events remain unclear. Typically associated with extracellular matrix degradation, recent data suggest matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are regulators of pulmonary inflammation. To demonstrate that inhalation of a broad MMP inhibitor attenuates LPS induced pulmonary inflammation. Nebulized CGS27023AM (CGS) was administered to LPS-injured mice. Pulmonary CGS levels were examined by mass spectroscopy. Inflammatory scoring of hematoxylin-eosin sections, examination of vascular integrity via lung wet/dry and bronchoalveolar lvage/serum FITC-albumin ratios were performed. Cleaved caspase-3 levels were also assessed. Differential cell counts and pulse-chase labeling were utilized to determine the effects of CGS on neutrophil migration. The effects of CGS on human neutrophil migration and viability were examined using Boyden chambers and MTT assays. Nebulization successfully delivered CGS to the lungs. Treatment decreased pulmonary inflammatory scores, edema, and apoptosis in LPS treated animals. Neutrophil chemotaxis was reduced by CGS treatment, with inhalation causing significant reductions in both the total number and newly produced bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells infiltrating the lung. Mechanistic studies on cells isolated from humans demonstrate that CGS-treated neutrophils exhibit decreased chemotaxis. The protective effect observed following treatment with a nonspecific MMP inhibitor indicates that one or more MMPs mediate the development of pulmonary edema and neutrophil infiltration in response to LPS injury. In accordance with this, inhaled MMP inhibitors warrant further study as a potential new therapeutic avenue for treatment of acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gerber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Monica Goldklang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kyle Stearns
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Xinran Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Tina Zelonina
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeanine D'Armiento
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Goldklang MP, Tekabe Y, Zelonina T, Trischler J, Xiao R, Stearns K, Rodriguez K, Shields A, Romanov A, D'Armiento JM, Johnson LL. Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging of RAGE in smoking-induced lung injury. Respir Res 2019; 20:116. [PMID: 31182072 PMCID: PMC6558785 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) initiates pro-inflammatory pathways resulting in lung destruction. We hypothesized that RAGE directed imaging demonstrates increased lung uptake in smoke-exposure. Methods After exposure to room air or to cigarette smoke for 4-weeks or 16-weeks, rabbits were injected with 99mTc-anti-RAGE F(ab’)2 and underwent Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging. Lung radiotracer uptake was calculated as percent injected dose (%ID). Lungs were dissected for gamma well counting and histological analysis. Results 99mTc-anti-RAGE F(ab’)2 SPECT/CT imaging demonstrated increased lung expression of RAGE with smoke exposure compared to room air control at 4-weeks: Room air right (R) 0.75 ± 0.38%ID, left (L) 0.62 ± 0.32%ID vs. Smoke exposed R 0.17 ± 0.03, L 0.17 ± 0.02%ID (p = 0.02 and 0.028, respectively). By 16-weeks of smoke exposure, the uptake decreased to 0.19 ± 0.05%ID R and 0.17 ± 0.05%ID L, significantly lower than 4-week imaging (p = 0.0076 and 0.0129 respectively). Staining for RAGE confirmed SPECT results, with the RAGE ligand HMGB1 upregulated in the macrophages of 4-week smoke-exposed rabbits. Conclusions RAGE-directed imaging identified pulmonary RAGE expression acutely in vivo in an animal model of emphysema early after smoke exposure, with diminution over time. These studies document the extent and time course of RAGE expression under smoke exposure conditions and could be utilized for disease monitoring and examining response to future RAGE-targeted therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-019-1064-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica P Goldklang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yared Tekabe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tina Zelonina
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordis Trischler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle Stearns
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alexander Shields
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Romanov
- Institute for Comparative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeanine M D'Armiento
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Lynne L Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Goldklang MP, Tekabe Y, Zelonina T, Trischler J, Xiao R, Stearns K, Romanov A, Muzio V, Shiomi T, Johnson LL, D'Armiento JM. Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging in a Rabbit Model of Emphysema Reveals Ongoing Apoptosis In Vivo. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:848-857. [PMID: 27483341 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0407oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of lung disease is limited by the inability to visualize ongoing pathological processes. Molecular imaging that targets cellular processes related to disease pathogenesis has the potential to assess disease activity over time to allow intervention before lung destruction. Because apoptosis is a critical component of lung damage in emphysema, a functional imaging approach was taken to determine if targeting apoptosis in a smoke exposure model would allow the quantification of early lung damage in vivo. Rabbits were exposed to cigarette smoke for 4 or 16 weeks and underwent single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography scanning using technetium-99m-rhAnnexin V-128. Imaging results were correlated with ex vivo tissue analysis to validate the presence of lung destruction and apoptosis. Lung computed tomography scans of long-term smoke-exposed rabbits exhibit anatomical similarities to human emphysema, with increased lung volumes compared with controls. Morphometry on lung tissue confirmed increased mean linear intercept and destructive index at 16 weeks of smoke exposure and compliance measurements documented physiological changes of emphysema. Tissue and lavage analysis displayed the hallmarks of smoke exposure, including increased tissue cellularity and protease activity. Technetium-99m-rhAnnexin V-128 single-photon emission computed tomography signal was increased after smoke exposure at 4 and 16 weeks, with confirmation of increased apoptosis through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and increased tissue neutral sphingomyelinase activity in the tissue. These studies not only describe a novel emphysema model for use with future therapeutic applications, but, most importantly, also characterize a promising imaging modality that identifies ongoing destructive cellular processes within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valeria Muzio
- 4 Preclinical Pharmacology R&D, Advanced Accelerator Applications (Italy), Saint-Genis-Pouilly, Italy
| | | | | | - Jeanine M D'Armiento
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology.,2 Department of Medicine.,5 Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and
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Abstract
We introduce ARhT (Automated Relearning hand Therapy), a portable hand therapy system that enables a user to perform physical therapy at the comfort of their own home. This reduces rehabilitation time, enhances the user experience, reduces cost and provides accountability to physical therapy sessions. ARhT complements traditional therapy methods by interacting with the user in real time and providing the patient user friendly instructions, feedback, and progress tracking. The therapist pre-selects the hand gestures that comprise every workout and can view session information on a patient to patient basis within a standalone web application. ARhT incorporates a data acquisition subsystem which houses EMG sensors and a custom computation and communication board. The sensor data is transmitted to an Android smartphone that determines the user performance and interacts with the user through a graphical user interface. Our results show that our system recognizes hand therapy gestures with over 95% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bercht
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Kalan M, Hosein H, Fogel R, Stearns K, Kulig K, Paulson R, Sokol R. Volumetric Measurement of Pituitary Adenomas Using the Slice-O-Matic Software Program, a Novel Approach to Evaluation of Pituitary Tumors. Fertil Steril 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.01.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Stearns K, Goetinck PF. Stimulation of chondroitin sulfate synthesis by beta-D-xyloside in chondrocytes of the proteoglycan deficient mutant nanomelia. J Cell Physiol 1979; 100:33-8. [PMID: 468919 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The potential of nanomelic chondrocytes to synthesize chondroitin sulfate was investigated by providing the mutant cells with p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xyloside, a compound which acts as an artificial acceptor for glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Under these conditions the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate in nanomelic and normal chondrocytes is comparable. The chondroitin sulfate synthesized by the mutant is indistinguishable in molecular size and composition from that synthesized by similarly treated normal chondrocytes.
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Stearns K, Borkowski JG. The development of conservation and horizontal-vertical space perception in mental retardates. Am J Ment Defic 1969; 73:785-90. [PMID: 5780064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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