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Ashktorab H, Oskrochi G, Challa SR, Chirumamilla LG, Saroya S, Dusmatova S, Shayegh N, Nair V, Senthilvelan K, Byer D, Morrison N, Grossi B, Barclay A, Smith T, Watson K, Rashid M, Rashid R, Deverapalli M, Latella G, Carethers JM, Youssef A, Brim H. Age, Gender, and Liver Enzyme Impact Hospital Stay in COVID-19 Minority Patient with Cancer in the USA: Does Race Matters in the Pandemic? Ann Clin Med Case Rep 2024; 13:7. [PMID: 38633403 PMCID: PMC11022387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Patients with cancer are known to have a poor prognosis when infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed in this study to assess health outcomes in COVID-19 patients with different cancers in comparison to non-cancer COVID-19 patients from different centers in the United States (US). We evaluated medical records of 1,943 COVID-19 Cancer patients from 3 hospitals admitted between December 2019 to October 2021 and compared them with non-cancer COVID-19 patients. Among 1,943 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 18.7% (n=364) have an active or previous history of cancer. Among these 364 cancer patients, 222 were African Americans (61.7%) and 121 were Caucasians (33.2%). Cancer patients had significantly longer hospitalization compared to controls (8.24 vs 6.7 days). Overall, Lung cancer is associated with high mortality. Patients with a previous history of cancer were more prone to death (p=0.04) than active cancer patients. In univariate and multivariate analyses, predictors of death among cancer patients were male sex, older age, presence of dyspnea, elevated troponin, elevated AST (0.001) and ALT (0.05), low albumin (p=0.04) and mechanical ventilation (p=0.001). Patients with a previous history of cancer were more prone to death when compared to active cancer COVID-19 patients. Early recognition of cancer COVID-19 patients' death-associated risk factors can help determine appropriate treatment and management plans for better prognosis and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, GI Division, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - G Oskrochi
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - S R Challa
- Department of Medicine, GI Division, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - L G Chirumamilla
- Department of Medicine, GI Division, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - S Saroya
- Department of Medicine, GI Division, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - S Dusmatova
- Department of Medicine, GI Division, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - N Shayegh
- Department of Medicine, GI Division, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - V Nair
- Department of Medicine, GI Division, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - K Senthilvelan
- Department of Medicine, GI Division, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - D Byer
- Department of Medicine, GI Division, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - N Morrison
- Department of Medicine, GI Division, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - B Grossi
- Department of Medicine, GI Division, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - A Barclay
- Department of Medicine, GI Division, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - T Smith
- Department of Medicine, GI Division, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - K Watson
- Department of Medicine, GI Division, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - M Rashid
- Department of Medicine, GI Division, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - R Rashid
- Department of Medicine, GI Division, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - M Deverapalli
- Department of Medicine, GI Division, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - G Latella
- Gastroenterology Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J M Carethers
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, USA
| | - A Youssef
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Human Genetics and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - H Brim
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington DC, USA
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Ashktorab H, Challa SR, Singh G, Nanduri S, Ibrahim M, Martirosyan Z, Whitsell P, Chirumamilla LG, Shayegh N, Watson K, Smith T, Ogwo V, Kolawole O, Littleton M, Morrison N, Nair V, Byer D, Dawodu DO, Lexima P, Rashid M, Deverapalli M, Atluri SM, Nezamloo A, Nasrin F, Kim RJA, Sherif Z, Oskrochi G, Carethers JM, Brim H. Gastrointestinal Manifestations and Their Association with Neurologic and Sleep Problems in Long COVID-19 Minority Patients: A Prospective Follow-Up Study. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:562-569. [PMID: 38135813 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08176-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-COVID is a condition post SARS-CoV-2 infection with persistent or recurring symptoms affecting multiple organs, and may involve viral persistence, changes to the microbiome, coagulopathies, and alterations to neuro-immune interactions. These factors can disrupt the Gut-Brain Axis, which is a complex system involving bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal (GI) system. As a result of these disruptions, individuals with long-COVID may develop post-infectious functional GI disorders, which can cause a range of symptoms affecting the digestive system. AIM To understand frequency of GI manifestations of Long-COVID and to determine association with sleep or neurological symptoms in a predominantly minority population. METHODS We included patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR (n = 747) who were hospitalized from Feb. 2020 to May 2021 at Howard University Hospital and followed between 6 and 12 months from discharge. GI, sleep, and neurological symptoms (via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scoring system) were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Linear regression analysis, χ2 and Fisher's exact test were utilized to determine the statistical significance of correlations of GI/Neuro/COVID. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 58, with 51.6% females and a predominant African American ethnicity (73.6%, n = 550). A total of 108 patients died during their initial hospital stay, with the remaining 639 patients followed-up. Three hundred fifty (350) patients responded to the questionnaire (57 patients died during the follow-up period). Overall, 39 (13.3%) patients reported GI-related symptoms, out of which 19 (6.4%) had persistent symptoms and 20 (6.8%) developed new onset GI symptoms. Nausea and vomiting were the most common 24/39 (61.5%), followed by abdominal pain 7/39 (18%), diarrhea 5/39 (12.8%), and others 3/39 (7.6%). Patients who presented with vomiting during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to have Long-COVID GI manifestations (P = 0.023). Use of ACE inhibitors, abnormal lymphocyte count and elevated ferritin are other variables that showed significant associations with Long-COVID GI manifestations (P = 0.03, 0.006 and 0.03, respectively). During follow-up, a total of 28 (9.5%) patients reported difficulty with sleep and 79 (27%) patients had abnormal MoCA assessment. With further analysis, there was a trend between presentation of GI symptoms on admission with abnormal MoCA assessment, and an association between abnormal LFTs and history of liver disease during hospitalization with subsequent sleep problems. Baseline characteristics, clinical comorbidities, other laboratory values, hospital length of stay, mechanical ventilation, medications during hospitalization, re-admission and Flu or COVID-19 vaccination have not shown any association with Long-COVID GI symptoms in our cohort. CONCLUSION Dyspeptic symptoms were common GI manifestations in the acute and post COVID periods. GI symptoms, abnormal LFTs and a history of liver disease during the acute infectious phase associates with abnormal MoCA and sleep problems during follow-up. Further large population studies are needed to determine if COVID-19 leads to a GI symptoms-associated Long-COVID phenotypes and other symptoms through the Gut-Brain-Axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ashktorab
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
- Howard University College of Medicine, 2041 Georgia Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC, 20060, USA.
| | | | - Gagan Singh
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sumant Nanduri
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Malika Ibrahim
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zara Martirosyan
- Howard University College of Medicine, 2041 Georgia Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC, 20060, USA
| | - Peter Whitsell
- Howard University College of Medicine, 2041 Georgia Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC, 20060, USA
| | - Lakshmi G Chirumamilla
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nader Shayegh
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kyra Watson
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tori Smith
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Valarie Ogwo
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, San Diego, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Oluwapelumi Kolawole
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Megan Littleton
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nicole Morrison
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vaisakh Nair
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Danae Byer
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dideolu O Dawodu
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patrice Lexima
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mudasir Rashid
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mrinalini Deverapalli
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Swetha Mynedi Atluri
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ali Nezamloo
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Farjana Nasrin
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rachel Ji-Aeh Kim
- GI Division, Department of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zaki Sherif
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gholamreza Oskrochi
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait
| | - John M Carethers
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - H Brim
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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Crunkhorn M, Toohey L, Etxebarria N, Drew M, Watson K, Charlton P. Injury epidemiology in elite triathletes: A 4 year prospective study. J Sci Med Sport 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.09.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Feliciotti I, Kolida S, Rastal B, Watson K. Structural and functional characterization of novel enzymes from targeted probiotic lactic bacterial strains for the production of new generation prebiotics. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322093512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Wadhwa M, Kang HN, Thorpe R, Knezevic I, Aprea P, Bielsky MC, Ekman N, Heim HK, Joung J, Kurki P, Lacana E, Njue C, Nkansah E, Savkina M, Thorpe R, Yamaguchi T, Wadhwa M, Wang J, Weise M, Wolff-Holz E, Allam M, Bahaa H, Sayed M, Al-Oballi A, Alshahrani A, Baek D, Kim J, Chua H, Gangakhedkar J, Jagtap MP, Lyaskovsky T, Okudaira S, Ondee W, Sotomayor P, Ricra JS, Uviase J, Ahmed F, Rajendran Y, Defendi HT, Cho SO, Qu A, Acha V, Gencoglu M, Ho K, Baldrighi M, Schiestl M, Watson K, Spitzer E, Chong S, Fukushima A, Kang HN, Knezevic I, Pante G, Simao M. WHO informal consultation on revision of guidelines on evaluation of similar biotherapeutic products, virtual meeting, 30 June – 2 July 2021. Biologicals 2022; 76:1-9. [PMID: 35466023 PMCID: PMC9109723 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The WHO informal consultation was held to promote the revision of WHO guidelines on evaluation of similar biotherapeutic products (SBPs) adopted by the Expert Committee on Biological Standardization (ECBS) in 2009. It was agreed in the past consultations that the evaluation principles in the guidelines are still valid, but a review was recommended to provide more clarity and case-by-case flexibility. The opportunity was therefore taken to review the experience and identify areas where the current guidance could be more permissive without compromising its basic principles, and where additional explanation could be provided regarding the possibility of reducing the amount of data needed for regulatory approval. The meeting participants applauded the leading role taken by the WHO in providing a much-needed streamlined approach for development and evaluation of SBPs which will provide efficient and cost-effective product development and increase patient access to treatments. It was recognized that the principles as currently described in the draft WHO guidelines are based on sound science and experience gained over the last fifteen years of biosimilar approvals. However, since these guidelines when finalised will constitute the global standard for biosimilar evaluation and assist national regulatory authorities in establishing revised guidance and regulatory practice in this complex area, it was felt that further revision and clarity on certain perspectives in specific areas was necessary to dispel uncertainties arising in the current revised version. This report describes the principles in the draft guidelines, including topics discussed and consensus reached. WHO guidelines serve as a basis for the development of national regulatory framework for biosimilars. Revision of guidelines is to provide more flexibility and clarification on data required for regulatory approval. Revised guidelines would contribute to improving consistency on regulatory decision and patient access to treatments.
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Watson K, Ong K, Korman I, Turner R, Vollenhoven B, Zander-Fox D, Liu Y. O-213 Slow day 5 development affects implantation potential of fresh transferred embryos but not birthweight once pregnancy occurs: A multi-center retrospective cohort study. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab128.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Does slow development of fresh transferred day 5 embryos lead to decreased implantation potential and birthweight?
Summary answer
Slow day 5 development was associated with reduced implantation potential when transferred fresh but the subsequent birthweight of the resulting baby was not impacted.
What is known already
Slow development of in vitro cultured cleavage stage embryos is associated with reduced blastocyst development and implantation rates. There is no current consensus regarding whether to transfer fresh slow developing day 5 embryos or to extend culture for a subsequent day with potential for cryopreservation. It is therefore important to understand the true prognosis of fresh transferred day 5 embryos at less advanced developmental stages. This would provide evidence based guidelines for the decision making process in regard to embryo transfer.
Study design, size, duration
This is a retrospective multi-center cohort study, including 1213 consecutive patients undergoing autologous oocyte in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment during 2016-2019,with fresh transfer of a single day 5 embryo (selection based on developmental stage and inner cell mass and trophectoderm morphology if blastocyst was at the ≥expanding stage). Cycle data were collected from 4 associated private clinics, with repeat cycles of same patients excluded to avoid clustering effect at statistical analysis.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Live birth and birthweight were followed up in all 1213 fresh day 5 SETs. Multiple regression (logistic or linear) was performed to investigate association between slow day 5 development (defined as ≤ early blastocyst) and (a)live birth, (b) birthweight, and (c) gestation-adjusted birthweight (Z score) to account for gestational age, gender and compared to embryos at ≥ expanded stage. Results were expressed as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI)or coefficients (β).
Main results and the role of chance
No implantation was achieved following single fresh transfer of day 5 embryos that failed to reach early blastocyst stage (n = 76) and were transferred as ≤ morula stage. Live birth rate was significantly lower following single day 5 fresh transfer of an early blastocyst (n = 237, 16%), in comparison to expanding (n = 329, 27%, P = 0.001), expanded(n = 392, 41%, P = 0.000), and hatching/hatched blastocysts (n = 169, 44%, P = 0.000). After adjusting for potential confounding factors including; maternal age, hours post insemination at day 5 assessment, number of oocytes collected, number of 2PN embryos, and number of embryos frozen; multiple logistic regression showed significantly reduced likelihood of live birth resulting from early blastocysts in reference to those at the expanding (aOR=0.584, 0.371-0.917, P = 0.020), expanded (aOR=0.322, 0.208-0.501, P = 0.000), or hatching/hatched stages (aOR=0.255, 0.147-0.443, P = 0.000). However, multivariate linear regression indicated that early blastocysts resulting in a live birth (n = 39) did not lead to altered birthweight (β=-9.091, P = 0.904; β=-34.960, P = 0.343; β=-26.074, P = 0.414; respectively) or Z score (β = 0.045, P = 0.706; β=-0.051, P = 0.426; β=-0.028, P = 0.506; respectively) in reference to the expanding (n = 90), expanded (n = 160), or hatching/hatched stages (n = 75).
Limitations, reasons for caution
The retrospective nature of this study does not allow controlling of unknown confounders. The 4 participating clinics are associated within the same network with shared protocols, therefore, results may not be generalized to other clinics with different settings.
Wider implications of the findings
The findings suggest no clinical value of fresh day 5 transfer of embryos ≤morula stage. Although early blastocysts implant at reduced rate, assuring birthweight outcomes suggest clinical value. Future studies intend to investigate slow growing day 5 fresh transfers versus embryos that were slow growing but transferred after day 6.
Trial registration number
NA
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Affiliation(s)
- K Watson
- Monash IVF Group, Embryology, Southport, Australia
| | - K Ong
- Monash IVF Gold Coast, Clinical, Southport, Australia
| | - I Korman
- Monash IVF Gold Coast, Clinical, Southport, Australia
| | - R Turner
- Monash IVF Auchenflower, Clinical, Brisbane, Australia
| | - B Vollenhoven
- Monash University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Zander-Fox
- Monash University, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Y Liu
- Monash IVF Gold Coast, Embryology, Southport, Australia
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Orevich LS, Watson K, Ong K, Korman I, Turner R, Liu Y. P–191 Time-lapse videography reveals morphometric and morphokinetic differences in the pronuclei of male and female human zygotes. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Do morphometric and morphokinetic profiles of pronuclei (PN) following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) vary between male and female human zygotes?
Summary answer
Male and female zygotes displayed different PN morphometrics and morphokinetics. Additionally, variations were identified between sperm-originated (SPN) and oocyte-originated (OPN) pronuclei.
What is known already
Previous studies have investigated the use of PN-associated parameters via static observations as indicators of zygote viability, including size equality or juxtaposition. However, recent clinical application of time-lapse videography (TLV) provides a novel opportunity to assess these pronuclear events with greater accuracy and precision of morphometric and morphokinetic measurement. A number of recent TLV studies have also investigated potential live birth prediction by such PN associated measures, however whether or not there are gender associated differences in such measures which could in turn confound live birth prediction is unknown. Study design, size, duration: This retrospective cohort study included 94 consecutive autologous single day 5 transfer cycles (either fresh or frozen) performed between January 2019 and March 2020. Only ICSI cycles (maternal age <40 years) leading to a singleton live birth (43 males and 51 females) were included for analysis. All oocytes were placed in the EmbryoScope incubator for culture immediately post sperm injection with all annotation performed retrospectively by one embryologist (L-SO).
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Timings included 2nd polar body extrusion (tPb2), SPN(tSPNa)/OPN(tOPNa) appearance (differentiated by proximity to Pb2) and PN fading (tPNF). Morphometrics were evaluated at 8 (stage 1), 4 (stage 2) and 0 hour before PNF (stage 3), measuring PN area (um2), PN juxtaposition, and nucleolus precursor body (NPB) arrangement. Means ± standard deviation were compared using student t test or logistic regression as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and proportional data by chi-squared analysis.
Main results and the role of chance
Logistic regression indicated that male zygotes had longer time intervals of tPb2_tSPNa than female zygotes (4.8±1.5 vs 4.2±1.0 h, OR = 1.442, 95% CI 1.009–2.061, p = 0.044), but not tPb2_tOPNa (4.7±1.8 vs 4.5±1.3 h, OR = 1.224, 95% CI 0.868–1.728, p = 0.250) and tPb2_tPNF (19.9±2.8 vs 19.1±2.3 h, OR = 1.136, 95% CI 0.957–1.347, p = 0.144). SPN increased in size from stage 1 through 2 to 3 (435.3±70.2, 506.7±77.3, and 556.3±86.4 um2, p = 0.000) and OPN did similarly (399.0±59.4, 464.3±65.2, and 513.8±63.5 um2, p = 0.000), with SPN being significantly larger than OPN at each stage (p < 0.05 respectively). However, relative size difference between SPN and OPN was similar between male and female zygotes at 3 stages (33.6±61.7 vs 38.6±50.8 um2, p = 0.664; 38.5±53.1 vs 45.7±71.9 um2, p = 0.585; 38.4±77.4 vs 45.8±63.9 um2, p = 0.615; respectively). More male than female zygotes reached central PN juxtaposition at stage 1 (77% vs 51%, p = 0.010), stage 2 (98% vs 86%, p = 0.048) and stage 3 (98% vs 86%, p = 0.048). Furthermore, more OPN showed aligned NPBs than in SPN at stage 1 (45% vs 29%, p = 0.023), but similar proportions at stage 2 (64% vs 50%, p = 0.056) and stage 3 (76% vs 72%, p = 0.618). There were no gender associated differences detected in NPB alignment in either SPN or OPN (p > 0.05 respectively).
Limitations, reasons for caution
The retrospective design does not allow for control of unknown confounders. Sample size is considered relatively small. PN area measurement may not truly represent volume as PN may not be perfectly spherical. Findings were based on women <40 years old so may not apply to older population.
Wider implications of the findings: These findings augment and extend previous studies investigating PN parameters via static observations. The reported variations between male and female embryos may confound live birth prediction when using pronuclei morphometrics and morphokinetics. Larger scaled studies are warranted to verify these findings.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Orevich
- Monash IVF Gold Coast, Embryology, Southport, Australia
| | - K Watson
- Monash IVF Gold Coast, Embryology, Southport, Australia
| | - K Ong
- Monash IVF Gold Coast, Medical, Southport, Australia
| | - I Korman
- Monash IVF Gold Coast, Medical, Southport, Australia
| | - R Turner
- Monash IVF Auchenflower, Medical, Auchenflower, Australia
| | - Y Liu
- Monash IVF Gold Coast, Embryology, Southport, Australia
- Edith Cowan University, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Joondalup, Australia
- Monash IVF Auchenflower, Embryology, Auchenflower, Australia
- University of Western Australia, School of Human Sciences, Crawley, Australia
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Crawford P, Kirkpatrick F, Galway O, Watson K. 576 ESTABLISHING VIRTUAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY ROUND IN BELFAST TRUST NURSING HOMES: PHARMACIST, NURSING & HEALTHCARE TEAM COLLABORATION. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab116.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
During the first covid surge, 25% of Belfast HSC Trust (BHSCT) care homes were affected, rising to 44% by surge 3, resulting in limited face to face access for healthcare professionals. Nursing home residents required medicine reviews post-covid infection to optimise medicines and reduce pill burden.
Method
The Care Home Nursing Support Team (CHNST), consultant pharmacist for older people and the lead care home pharmacist medicines optimisation older people (MOOP), rapidly established a multidisciplinary virtual round. Four main steps included:
An SOP was established to ensure consistent pathway for nursing home inclusion criteria and team roles. The inclusion group included residents who were furthest from their baseline including weight loss, swallowing difficulties, decreased mobility, altered sitting balance and polypharmacy.
The pharmacist developed a proforma template for completion by the nursing home staff to gather key information ahead of the round to improve efficiency eg swallow, renal function, pain, falls risk.
The care home resident was included on video link by ipad following careful consent processes. Benefits included enhanced assessment of frailty, mobility, dexterity and adherence.
Results
Conclusion
The multidisciplinary care home rounds provided an efficient means to collaborate with other professionals, while providing holistic & patient-focussed care. Plans are underway for development of an NI MOOP care home pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - O Galway
- Belfast Health & Social Care Trust
| | - K Watson
- Belfast Health & Social Care Trust
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Lauper K, Kearsley-Fleet L, Davies R, Watson K, Lunt M, Hyrich K. OP0241 SERIOUS INFECTION WITH TOCILIZUMAB COMPARED TO TNF-INHIBITORS AND OTHER BDMARDS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS: DOES LINE OF THERAPY MATTER? Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:In the real-world, tocilizumab is prescribed to a population of patients different from those prescribed TNF-inhibitors, often older with longer disease duration, worse functional status and more previous b- or tsDMARDs.Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate if and how the risk of serious infection on tocilizumab and other bDMARDs differs when stratifying by line of therapy in a real-world population of rheumatoid arthritis patients.Methods:We included patients registered in the BSRBR-RA treated with tocilizumab, etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, certolizumab, abatacept or rituximab, including biosimilars. Primary outcome was the occurrence of a serious infection (defined as infection requiring hospitalisation, intravenous antibiotics or resulting in death). Primary covariate of interest was line of therapy (from first to fifth line of therapy). Every change to another b- or tsDMARD was considered a new line of therapy, but not a change between a bio-original and a biosimilar.Hazard ratios (HR) of serious infections were estimated using an inverse probability weighted Cox regression, based on a propensity score including baseline patient and disease characteristics, and adjusting for time in study (see Table). The reference group was etanercept, which included the highest number of patients. Treatment exposure was analysed without and with stratification by line of therapy.Table.NETNTCZADAIFXCERTRTXABAN33,91610,6552,6327,8394,4301,6165,5561,188Patient-years19,1294,34214,5048,1352,72612,0091,686Infections8071926814817443374Incidence per 100 patient-years (95%CI)4.2 (3.9-4.5)4.4 (3.8-5.1)4.7 (4.4-5.1)5.9 (5.4-6.6)2.7 (2.2-3.4)3.6 (3.3-4.0)4.0 (3.2-5.1)Unadjusted HR (95%CI)Ref.1.0 (0.9-1.2)1.1 (1.0-1.2)1.4 (1.2-1.6)0.6 (0.5-0.8)0.9 (0.8-1.0)0.9 (0.7-1.2)Adjusted HR* (95% CI)All lines of therapy33,916Ref.1.2 (1.0-1.5)1.1 (1.0-1.3)1.3 (1.1-1.6)0.8 (0.6-1.0)1.0 (0.8-1.1)1.2 (0.8-1.7)1stline16,152Ref.0.9 (0.5-1.5)1.1 (1.0-1.3)1.3 (1.1-1.6)0.6 (0.5-0.9)1.6 (1.2-2.2)-2ndline10,378Ref.1.4 (1.0-2.0)1.1 (0.9-1.4)1.1 (0.7-1.6)0.9 (0.4-2.2)1.0 (0.8-1.2)0.9 (0.5-1.9)3rdline4,676Ref.1.4 (0.9-2.3)1.3 (0.8-2.2)0.9 (0.4-1.9)0.9 (0.3-2.9)0.8 (0.5-1.2)1.5 (0.7-2.9)4thline1,947Ref.1.0 (0.5-2.3)1.3 (0.4-3.7)1.4 (0.5-4.4)0.2 (0.0—2.1)1.0 (0.5.-2.2)0.9 (0.4-2.3)5thline763Ref.0.9 (0.2-3.5)2.5 (0.5-12.4)0.7 (0.1-7.1)3.3 (0.6-18.4)0.9 (0.2-3.5)0.8 (0.2-3.5)ABA, abatacept; ADA, adalimumab; CERT, certolizumab; ETN, etanercept; HR, hazard ratio; IFX, infliximab; RTX, rituximab; TCZ, tocilizumab*Adjusted using inverse probably weighting (with age, gender, concomitant steroids, concomitant DMARDs, comorbidities, seropositivity, smoking, disease duration, HAQ and DAS28 at baseline in the model) and time since study entry (categorised from 0 to 4, 0 starting just before or at the moment of entering study, 1 starting during the first year, 2 starting during the second year until 4 for the fourth year and more)Results:A total of 33,916 treatment courses were included (Table) contributing to 62,532 years of follow-up. Compared to etanercept, participants starting abatacept, tocilizumab and rituximab were older, had more previous bDMARDs, longer disease duration and more comorbidities. The crude HR of serious infections were higher with infliximab and adalimumab, lower with certolizumab and rituximab, and not significantly different for abatacept and tocilizumab compared to etanercept. After adjustment, HR of serious infections were higher with tocilizumab, adalimumab and infliximab. However, when stratified by line of therapy, HR were no longer significantly different compared to etanercept for tocilizumab, adalimumab and infliximab for most lines of therapy.Conclusion:Whilst initially there appears to be a difference in rates of serious infection between biologic therapies, line of therapy may be a confounding factor when comparing the risk of serious infections between bDMARDs.Disclosure of Interests:Kim Lauper Consultant of: Gilead-galapagos, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Lianne Kearsley-Fleet: None declared, Rebecca Davies: None declared, Kath Watson: None declared, Mark Lunt: None declared, Kimme Hyrich Consultant of: AbbVie, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, BMS
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Davies R, Vivekanantham A, Lunt M, Watson K, Hyrich K, Bluett J. SAT0103 THE EFFECT OF BODYWEIGHT ON RESPONSE TO INTRAVENOUS OR SUBCUTANEOUS TOCILIZUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Tocilizumab is an IL-6 receptor humanised monoclonal antibody treatment option in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have not responded or are intolerant of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or other biologics. Tocilizumab was available initially as an intravenous (IV) preparation, dosed according to weight, and more recently as a subcutaneous (SC) preparation given at 162mg/weekly irrespective of bodyweight.Obesity is highly prevalent in RA and there has been concern that starting or switching patients to SC tocilizumab could reduce its effectiveness in those patients with a higher body weight when compared to IV tocilizumab.Objectives:To investigate the relationship between bodyweight and DAS28 response at 6 months in tocilizumab naïve RA patients starting IV or SC tocilizumab.Methods:The study population comprised RA subjects recruited to the BSRBR-RA up to 30/11/2018 commencing IV or SC tocilizumab for the first time. Patients had to be tocilizumab naïve and have at least one six monthly study follow-up recorded after starting tocilizumab. Baseline characteristics at point of starting tocilizumab are described. Linear regression, fully adjusted for relevant confounders, was used to investigate the relationship between change in DAS28 score from baseline to six months and body weight per ten kilograms (kg), and in a separate analysis, as BMI category. Multiple imputation was used to handle missing data.Results:1241 patients starting tocilizumab (902 IV, 339 SC) were eligible for analysis. The median age was 59 years, majority were female, and had median disease duration of 11 years at baseline. Over seventy percent had prior biologic exposure. Median weight was 77kg for IV and 76kg for SC starters, and the majority of patients were categorised as normal weight (30% IV, 37% SC) or pre-obesity (31% IV & SC) according to BMI. Median DAS28 score was 5.8 (IV) and 5.5 (SC) at start of treatment with median improvement after 6-months of 1.50 and 2.02 units respectively. The fully adjusted linear regression model showed no association between body weight or BMI and change in DAS28 score at six months for patients starting IV or SC tocilizumab. (Table).TableBaseline VariableIntravenous TCZ patients (n=902)Subcutaneous TCZ patients (n=339)Age, median (IQR)58 (50-67)60 (51-70)Gender, n (%) female708 (78)233 (74)Disease duration, median (IQR) years11 (4-21)11 (4-21)DAS28 score, median (IQR)5.8 (5.1-6.6)5.5 (4.7-6.5)Change in DAS28 score, median (IQR)-1.50 (-3.10 - -0.23)-2.02 (-3.72- -0.37)Weight in KGs, median (IQR)77 (64-91)76 (64-88)Change in DAS28, coefficient (95% CI)Body weight per 10kgs*0.04 (-0.01-0.09)-0.005 (-0.11-0.10)BMI category*Normal weightrefrefUnderweight-0.41 (-1.27-0.46)0.08 (-1.62-1.77)Pre-obesity-0.26 (-0.57-0.05)0.02 (-0.44-0.48)Obesity class I, II & III-0.03 (-0.35-0.29)0.08 (-0.40-0.55)*Fully adjusted for age, gender, disease duration, baseline DAS28 score, baseline HAQ score, co-morbidities, and number of previous biologicsConclusion:Data from this study show that body weight does not appear to affect initial response to IV or SC tocilizumab. This is reassuring given that patients are likely to be given SC tocilizumab due to ease of administration and reduced hospital costs.Disclosure of Interests:Rebecca Davies: None declared, Arani Vivekanantham: None declared, Mark Lunt: None declared, Kath Watson: None declared, Kimme Hyrich Grant/research support from: Pfizer, UCB, BMS, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, James Bluett: None declared
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Lim D, Ambale-Ventakesh B, Ostovaneh M, Zghaib T, Ashikaga H, Wu C, Watson K, Hughes T, Shea S, Heckbert S, Bluemke D, Post W, Lima J. 4325Change in left atrial function predicts incident atrial fibrillation: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Longitudinal change in left atrial (LA) structure and function could be helpful in predicting risk for incident AF. We used cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to explore the relationship between change in LA structure and function and incident AF in a multi-ethnic population free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline.
Methods and results
In the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), 2338 participants, free at baseline of clinically recognized AF and cardiovascular disease, had LA volume and function assessed with CMR imaging, at baseline (2000–02), and at Exam 4 (2005–07) or 5 (2010–12). Free of AF, 124 participants developed AF over 3.8±0.9 years (to 2015) following the second imaging. In adjusted Cox regression models, an average annualized change in all LA parameters were significantly associated with an increased risk of AF. An annual decrease of 1–SD unit in total LA emptying fractions (LAEF) was most strongly associated with risk of AF after adjusting for AF clinical risk factors, baseline LA parameters and left ventricular mass-to-volume ratio (hazard ratio per SD=1.91,95% confidence interval=1.53–2.38, P<0.001). The addition of change in total LAEF to an AF risk score improved model discrimination and reclassification (net reclassification improvement=0.107, P=0.017; integrative discrimination index=0.049, P<0.001).
Model discrimination, NRI and IDI Model: CHARGE-AF risk factors# + Baseline LA variable + ΔLA variable CHARGE-AF ΔLAVImin (mL/m2/y) ΔTotal LAEF (%/y) ΔPeak LA Strain (%/y) C-statistic (95% CI) 0.757 (0.721–0.794) 0.787 (0.749–0.824) 0.779 (0.737–0.820) 0.770 (0.732–0.808) NRI† (p-value) – 0.000 (0.991) 0.107 (0.017) 0.017 (0.634) IDI (p-value) – 0.049 (<0.001) 0.049 (<0.001) 0.018 (<0.001) Calibration chi2* (p-value) 19.3 (0.02) 11.68 (0.232) 5.751 (0.765) 3.673 (0.932) AF: atrial fibrillation; LA: left atrium; EF: emptying fractions; Δ: annual change; VImin: minimum indexed volume; CI: confidence interval; NRI: net reclassification improvement; IDI: integrative discrimination index #CHARGE-AF risk factors: age, race, height, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, smoking status, diabetes, MI and CHF by the second imaging. † Categories for NRI: <2.5%, 2.5%-5% and >5%. *Model calibration: Grønnesby and Borgan's modified Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square statistic for survival analysis.
Kaplan-Meier curves of ΔTotal LAEF
Conclusion
In this multi-ethnic study population free of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline, a greater increase in LA volumes and decrease in LA function were associated with incident AF. The addition of change in total LAEF to risk prediction models for AF improved model discrimination and reclassification of AF risk.
Acknowledgement/Funding
This research was supported by contracts HHSN2682015ehz745.01623I,N01-HC-95159-69 from the NHLBI and UL1-TR-ehz745.016240,UL1-TR-001079,R01-HL-127659 from NIH
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lim
- Johns Hopkins University of Baltimore, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - B Ambale-Ventakesh
- Johns Hopkins University of Baltimore, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - M Ostovaneh
- Johns Hopkins University of Baltimore, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - T Zghaib
- Johns Hopkins University of Baltimore, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - H Ashikaga
- Johns Hopkins University of Baltimore, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - C Wu
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - K Watson
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - T Hughes
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, United States of America
| | - S Shea
- Columbia University, New York, United States of America
| | - S Heckbert
- University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - D Bluemke
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States of America
| | - W Post
- Johns Hopkins University of Baltimore, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - J Lima
- Johns Hopkins University of Baltimore, Baltimore, United States of America
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Massey-Chase R, Parkinson H, Heise R, Channon K, Watson K, Parker R, Linkson L, Elston C. P457 Co-producing a health and well-being assessment tool for adults with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kathuria-Prakash N, Moser DK, Alshurafa N, Watson K, Eastwood JA. Young African American women’s participation in an m-Health study in cardiovascular risk reduction: Feasibility, benefits, and barriers. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2019; 18:569-576. [DOI: 10.1177/1474515119850009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Young black women have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and thus identifying innovative prevention strategies is essential. A potential preventive strategy is mobile health; however, few studies have tested this strategy in young black women. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of a mobile health intervention through a digital application to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors in young black women, and identify benefits and barriers to participation. Methods: Forty black women aged 25–45 years completed four sessions of cardiovascular disease risk reduction education and a six-month smartphone cardiovascular disease risk reduction monitoring and coaching intervention, targeting heart-healthy behavior modifications. At follow-up, women responded to a semi-qualitative online survey assessing the user-friendliness and perceived helpfulness of the intervention. Results: Of 40 women, 38 completed the follow-up survey. Sixty per cent of participants reported that the applications were easy or very easy to maintain, 90% reported that the application was easy or very easy to use. Over 60% observed that their family’s nutrition improved “a lot” or “a medium amount,” and many participants noted positive changes in their children’s diets. Only 8% of participants cited time or cost required to prepare healthy foods as barriers to implementing dietary changes. Conclusions: The m-Health intervention was feasible as a means of cardiovascular disease risk reduction for young black women. In addition, we found that targeting women provided indirect benefits for other family members, especially children. Most of the participants did not encounter systemic barriers to participation, suggesting that mobile health interventions can be effective tools to improve health behaviors in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - DK Moser
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - N Alshurafa
- Department of Computer Science, University of California-Los Angeles, USA
| | - K Watson
- Department of Cardiology, University of California-Los Angeles, USA
| | - JA Eastwood
- School of Nursing, University of California-Los Angeles, USA
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Roat-Shumway S, Wroolie TE, Watson K, Schatzberg AF, Rasgon NL. Cognitive effects of mifepristone in overweight, euthymic adults with depressive disorders. J Affect Disord 2018; 239:242-246. [PMID: 30025313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that individuals with mood disorders have a higher prevalence of both hypercortisolemia and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is posited to contribute to the cognitive deficits observed in individuals who have depression. However, the mechanistic relationship between cortisol and insulin within the central nervous system remains to be further elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the antiglucocorticoid agent, mifepristone, on metabolic function and cognitive performance in individuals receiving treatment for depressive disorders who were euthymic at baseline. METHODS Participants were administered a 600 mg/day dose of mifepristone for 28 days. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and cognitive assessments measuring verbal memory and executive functioning were administered at baseline and after 28 days of treatment. RESULTS Improvements in attention and verbal learning were associated with reduction of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in response to mifepristone treatment. LIMITATIONS Limitations include the open-label design of this study and a small sample size. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study suggest that improvement in fasting plasma glucose levels, upon administration of mifepristone, is associated with the improvement in early input of verbal information. Further studies are warranted in order to better evaluate the use of mifepristone or other antiglucocorticoid agents in treatment of mood disorders characterized by metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roat-Shumway
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5723, United States
| | - T E Wroolie
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5723, United States
| | - K Watson
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5723, United States
| | - A F Schatzberg
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5723, United States
| | - N L Rasgon
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5723, United States.
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Dyson PA, Twenefour D, Breen C, Duncan A, Elvin E, Goff L, Hill A, Kalsi P, Marsland N, McArdle P, Mellor D, Oliver L, Watson K. Diabetes UK evidence-based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes. Diabet Med 2018; 35:541-547. [PMID: 29443421 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A summary of the latest evidence-based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes is presented. These guidelines are based on existing recommendations last published in 2011, and were formulated by an expert panel of specialist dietitians after a literature review of recent evidence. Recommendations have been made in terms of foods rather than nutrients wherever possible. Guidelines for education and care delivery, prevention of Type 2 diabetes, glycaemic control for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease risk management, management of diabetes-related complications, other considerations including comorbidities, nutrition support, pregnancy and lactation, eating disorders, micronutrients, food supplements, functional foods, commercial diabetic foods and nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners are included. The sections on pregnancy and prevention of Type 2 diabetes have been enlarged and the weight management section modified to include considerations of remission of Type 2 diabetes. A section evaluating detailed considerations in ethnic minorities has been included as a new topic. The guidelines were graded using adapted 'GRADE' methodology and, where strong evidence was lacking, grading was not allocated. These 2018 guidelines emphasize a flexible, individualized approach to diabetes management and weight loss and highlight the emerging evidence for remission of Type 2 diabetes. The full guideline document is available at www.diabetes.org.uk/nutrition-guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Dyson
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - C Breen
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, UK
| | - A Duncan
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - E Elvin
- Diabetes UK - Clinical Care, London, UK
| | - L Goff
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Hill
- NICHE, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Londonderry, UK
| | - P Kalsi
- Diabetes UK - Clinical Care, London, UK
| | | | - P McArdle
- Community Nutrition, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Mellor
- School of Life Sciences, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - L Oliver
- Nutrition and Dietetics, North Tyneside General Hospital North Shields, Tyne and Wear, London, UK
| | - K Watson
- Nutrition and Dietetics, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Judd A, Zangerle R, Touloumi G, Warszawski J, Meyer L, Dabis F, Mary Krause M, Ghosn J, Leport C, Wittkop L, Reiss P, Wit F, Prins M, Bucher H, Gibb D, Fätkenheuer G, Julia DA, Obel N, Thorne C, Mocroft A, Kirk O, Stephan C, Pérez-Hoyos S, Hamouda O, Bartmeyer B, Chkhartishvili N, Noguera-Julian A, Antinori A, d’Arminio Monforte A, Brockmeyer N, Prieto L, Rojo Conejo P, Soriano-Arandes A, Battegay M, Kouyos R, Mussini C, Tookey P, Casabona J, Miró JM, Castagna A, Konopnick D, Goetghebuer T, Sönnerborg A, Quiros-Roldan E, Sabin C, Teira R, Garrido M, Haerry D, de Wit S, Miró JM, Costagliola D, d’Arminio-Monforte A, Castagna A, del Amo J, Mocroft A, Raben D, Chêne G, Judd A, Pablo Rojo C, Barger D, Schwimmer C, Termote M, Wittkop L, Campbell M, Frederiksen CM, Friis-Møller N, Kjaer J, Raben D, Salbøl Brandt R, Berenguer J, Bohlius J, Bouteloup V, Bucher H, Cozzi-Lepri A, Dabis F, d’Arminio Monforte A, Davies MA, del Amo J, Dorrucci M, Dunn D, Egger M, Furrer H, Grabar S, Guiguet M, Judd A, Kirk O, Lambotte O, Leroy V, Lodi S, Matheron S, Meyer L, Miro JM, Mocroft A, Monge S, Nakagawa F, Paredes R, Phillips A, Puoti M, Rohner E, Schomaker M, Smit C, Sterne J, Thiebaut R, Thorne C, Torti C, van der Valk M, Wittkop L, Tanser F, Vinikoor M, Macete E, Wood R, Stinson K, Garone D, Fatti G, Giddy J, Malisita K, Eley B, Fritz C, Hobbins M, Kamenova K, Fox M, Prozesky H, Technau K, Sawry S, Benson CA, Bosch RJ, Kirk GD, Boswell S, Mayer KH, Grasso C, Hogg RS, Richard Harrigan P, Montaner JSG, Yip B, Zhu J, Salters K, Gabler K, Buchacz K, Brooks JT, Gebo KA, Moore RD, Moore RD, Rodriguez B, Horberg MA, Silverberg MJ, Thorne JE, Rabkin C, Margolick JB, Jacobson LP, D’Souza G, Klein MB, Rourke SB, Rachlis AR, Cupido P, Hunter-Mellado RF, Mayor AM, John Gill M, Deeks SG, Martin JN, Patel P, Brooks JT, Saag MS, Mugavero MJ, Willig J, Eron JJ, Napravnik S, Kitahata MM, Crane HM, Drozd DR, Sterling TR, Haas D, Rebeiro P, Turner M, Bebawy S, Rogers B, Justice AC, Dubrow R, Fiellin D, Gange SJ, Anastos K, Moore RD, Saag MS, Gange SJ, Kitahata MM, Althoff KN, Horberg MA, Klein MB, McKaig RG, Freeman AM, Moore RD, Freeman AM, Lent C, Kitahata MM, Van Rompaey SE, Crane HM, Drozd DR, Morton L, McReynolds J, Lober WB, Gange SJ, Althoff KN, Abraham AG, Lau B, Zhang J, Jing J, Modur S, Wong C, Hogan B, Desir F, Liu B, You B, Cahn P, Cesar C, Fink V, Sued O, Dell’Isola E, Perez H, Valiente J, Yamamoto C, Grinsztejn B, Veloso V, Luz P, de Boni R, Cardoso Wagner S, Friedman R, Moreira R, Pinto J, Ferreira F, Maia M, Célia de Menezes Succi R, Maria Machado D, de Fátima Barbosa Gouvêa A, Wolff M, Cortes C, Fernanda Rodriguez M, Allendes G, William Pape J, Rouzier V, Marcelin A, Perodin C, Tulio Luque M, Padgett D, Sierra Madero J, Crabtree Ramirez B, Belaunzaran P, Caro Vega Y, Gotuzzo E, Mejia F, Carriquiry G, McGowan CC, Shepherd BE, Sterling T, Jayathilake K, Person AK, Rebeiro PF, Giganti M, Castilho J, Duda SN, Maruri F, Vansell H, Ly PS, Khol V, Zhang FJ, Zhao HX, Han N, Lee MP, Li PCK, Lam W, Chan YT, Kumarasamy N, Saghayam S, Ezhilarasi C, Pujari S, Joshi K, Gaikwad S, Chitalikar A, Merati TP, Wirawan DN, Yuliana F, Yunihastuti E, Imran D, Widhani A, Tanuma J, Oka S, Nishijima T, Na S, Choi JY, Kim JM, Sim BLH, Gani YM, David R, Kamarulzaman A, Syed Omar SF, Ponnampalavanar S, Azwa I, Ditangco R, Uy E, Bantique R, Wong WW, Ku WW, Wu PC, Ng OT, Lim PL, Lee LS, Ohnmar PS, Avihingsanon A, Gatechompol S, Phanuphak P, Phadungphon C, Kiertiburanakul S, Sungkanuparph S, Chumla L, Sanmeema N, Chaiwarith R, Sirisanthana T, Kotarathititum W, Praparattanapan J, Kantipong P, Kambua P, Ratanasuwan W, Sriondee R, Nguyen KV, Bui HV, Nguyen DTH, Nguyen DT, Cuong DD, An NV, Luan NT, Sohn AH, Ross JL, Petersen B, Cooper DA, Law MG, Jiamsakul A, Boettiger DC, Ellis D, Bloch M, Agrawal S, Vincent T, Allen D, Smith D, Rankin A, Baker D, Templeton DJ, O’Connor CC, Thackeray O, Jackson E, McCallum K, Ryder N, Sweeney G, Cooper D, Carr A, Macrae K, Hesse K, Finlayson R, Gupta S, Langton-Lockton J, Shakeshaft J, Brown K, Idle S, Arvela N, Varma R, Lu H, Couldwell D, Eswarappa S, Smith DE, Furner V, Smith D, Cabrera G, Fernando S, Cogle A, Lawrence C, Mulhall B, Boyd M, Law M, Petoumenos K, Puhr R, Huang R, Han A, Gunathilake M, Payne R, O’Sullivan M, Croydon A, Russell D, Cashman C, Roberts C, Sowden D, Taing K, Marshall P, Orth D, Youds D, Rowling D, Latch N, Warzywoda E, Dickson B, Donohue W, Moore R, Edwards S, Boyd S, Roth NJ, Lau H, Read T, Silvers J, Zeng W, Hoy J, Watson K, Bryant M, Price S, Woolley I, Giles M, Korman T, Williams J, Nolan D, Allen A, Guelfi G, Mills G, Wharry C, Raymond N, Bargh K, Templeton D, Giles M, Brown K, Hoy J. Comparison of Kaposi Sarcoma Risk in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Adults Across 5 Continents: A Multiregional Multicohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65:1316-1326. [PMID: 28531260 PMCID: PMC5850623 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared Kaposi sarcoma (KS) risk in adults who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) across the Asia-Pacific, South Africa, Europe, Latin, and North America. METHODS We included cohort data of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adults who started ART after 1995 within the framework of 2 large collaborations of observational HIV cohorts. We present incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). RESULTS We included 208140 patients from 57 countries. Over a period of 1066572 person-years, 2046 KS cases were diagnosed. KS incidence rates per 100000 person-years were 52 in the Asia-Pacific and ranged between 180 and 280 in the other regions. KS risk was 5 times higher in South African women (aHR, 4.56; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 2.73-7.62) than in their European counterparts, and 2 times higher in South African men (2.21; 1.34-3.63). In Europe, Latin, and North America KS risk was 6 times higher in men who have sex with men (aHR, 5.95; 95% CI, 5.09-6.96) than in women. Comparing patients with current CD4 cell counts ≥700 cells/µL with those whose counts were <50 cells/µL, the KS risk was halved in South Africa (aHR, 0.53; 95% CI, .17-1.63) but reduced by ≥95% in other regions. CONCLUSIONS Despite important ART-related declines in KS incidence, men and women in South Africa and men who have sex with men remain at increased KS risk, likely due to high human herpesvirus 8 coinfection rates. Early ART initiation and maintenance of high CD4 cell counts are essential to further reducing KS incidence worldwide, but additional measures might be needed, especially in Southern Africa.
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Watson K, Blaskewicz Boron J, Myers S, Yentes J. INCREASED DIFFICULTY OF DUAL-MOTOR TASKS EFFECTS STEP LENGTH IN YOUNG AND OLDER HEALTHY ADULTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Watson
- Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - S. Myers
- Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - J. Yentes
- Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
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Stainton JJ, Charlesworth B, Haley CS, Kranis A, Watson K, Wiener P. Use of high-density SNP data to identify patterns of diversity and signatures of selection in broiler chickens. J Anim Breed Genet 2017; 134:87-97. [PMID: 27349343 PMCID: PMC5363361 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of broiler chickens over the last 70 years has been accompanied by large phenotypic changes, so that the resulting genomic signatures of selection should be detectable by current statistical techniques with sufficiently dense genetic markers. Using two approaches, this study analysed high-density SNP data from a broiler chicken line to detect low-diversity genomic regions characteristic of past selection. Seven regions with zero diversity were identified across the genome. Most of these were very small and did not contain many genes. In addition, fifteen regions were identified with diversity increasing asymptotically from a low level. These regions were larger and thus generally included more genes. Several candidate genes for broiler traits were found within these 'regression regions', including IGF1, GPD2 and MTNR1AI. The results suggest that the identification of zero-diversity regions is too restrictive for characterizing regions under selection, but that regions showing patterns of diversity along the chromosome that are consistent with selective sweeps contain a number of genes that are functional candidates for involvement in broiler development. Many regions identified in this study overlap or are close to regions identified in layer chicken populations, possibly due to their shared precommercialization history or to shared selection pressures between broilers and layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Stainton
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - B Charlesworth
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C S Haley
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Kranis
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Aviagen Ltd, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - P Wiener
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Rhodes D, Cheng AC, McLellan S, Guerra P, Karanfilovska D, Aitchison S, Watson K, Bass P, Worth LJ. Reducing Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections associated with peripheral intravenous cannulae: successful implementation of a care bundle at a large Australian health service. J Hosp Infect 2016; 94:86-91. [PMID: 27346623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (HA-SAB) results in morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs, and these infections are frequently regarded as preventable. AIM To implement a multi-modal prevention programme for improved processes regarding peripheral intravenous cannula (PIVC) insertion and maintenance, in order to reduce PIVC-associated HA-SAB events in a large Australian health service. METHODS Baseline clinical practice was evaluated for a 12-month pre-intervention period. Measures to reduce HA-SAB risk were introduced between January and September 2013: staff education, improved documentation (including phlebitis scoring), and availability of standardized equipment. Post-intervention auditing was performed during the 27 months following intervention. Baseline and post-intervention HA-SAB and PIVC-associated infection rates were compared. Interrupted time-series and Bayesian change-point analyses were applied to determine the impact of interventions and timing of change. FINDINGS Significantly improved documentation regarding PIVC insertion and management was observed in the post-intervention period, with fewer PIVCs left in situ for ≥4 days (2.6 vs 6.9%, P<0.05). During the baseline period a total of 68 HA-SAB events occurred [1.01/10,000 occupied bed-days (OBDs)] and 24 were PIVC-associated (35% of total, rate 0.39 per 10,000 OBDs). In the post-intervention period, a total of 83 HA-SAB events occurred (0.99 per 10,000 OBDs) and 12 were PIVC-associated (14.4% of total, rate 0.14 per 10,000 OBDs). PIVC-associated SAB rates were 63% lower in the post-intervention period compared to baseline (P=0.018) with a change point observed following full bundle implementation in October 2013. CONCLUSION A successful multi-modal hospital-wide campaign was introduced to reduce PIVC-associated SAB rates. Evaluation of cost-effectiveness and sustainability is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rhodes
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A C Cheng
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S McLellan
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Guerra
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D Karanfilovska
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Aitchison
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K Watson
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Bass
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - L J Worth
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Chadwick L, Kearsley-Fleet L, Brown N, Watson K, Lunt M, Symmons D, Hyrich K. FRI0107 No Increased Risk of High Grade Cervical Dysplasia in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Palmer AJR, Malak TT, Broomfield J, Holton J, Majkowski L, Thomas GER, Taylor A, Andrade AJ, Collins G, Watson K, Carr AJ, Glyn-Jones S. Past and projected temporal trends in arthroscopic hip surgery in England between 2002 and 2013. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2016; 2:e000082. [PMID: 27900161 PMCID: PMC5117047 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hip arthroscopy is increasingly adopted for the treatment of intra-articular and extra-articular pathologies. Studies from USA demonstrate a 365% increase in the number of procedures performed between 2004 and 2009 and 250% increase between 2007 and 2011. There is limited evidence of long-term efficacy for this procedure and hip arthroscopy is not universally funded across England. The aim of this study is to describe temporal trends in the adoption of hip arthroscopy in England between 2002 and 2013 and to forecast trends for the next 10 years. Methods A search of the Hospital Episodes Database was performed for all codes describing arthroscopic hip procedures with patient age, sex and area of residence. Results 11 329 hip arthroscopies were performed in National Health Service hospitals in England between 2002 and 2013. The number of hip arthroscopies performed increased by 727% (p<0.0001) during this period and is forecast to increase by 1388% in 2023. Females represent 60% of all patients undergoing hip arthroscopy (p<0.001). Median age category is 40–44 for females and 35–39 for males and average age decreased during the study period (p<0.0001). There is significant regional variation in procedure incidence. In the final year of this study the highest incidence was in the Southwest (8.63/100 000 population) and lowest in East Midlands (1.29/100 000 population). Conclusions The increase in number of hip arthroscopies performed in England reflects trends in USA and continued increases are forecast. Evidence from robust clinical trials is required to justify the increasing number of procedures performed and regional variation suggests potential inequality in the provision of this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J R Palmer
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - T T Malak
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - J Broomfield
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - J Holton
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - L Majkowski
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - G E R Thomas
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - A Taylor
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - A J Andrade
- Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS Trust , Reading , UK
| | - G Collins
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - K Watson
- Public Health England , Oxford , UK
| | - A J Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - S Glyn-Jones
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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Borowska D, Rothwell L, Bailey RA, Watson K, Kaiser P. Identification of stable reference genes for quantitative PCR in cells derived from chicken lymphoid organs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 170:20-4. [PMID: 26872627 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is a powerful technique for quantification of gene expression, especially genes involved in immune responses. Although qPCR is a very efficient and sensitive tool, variations in the enzymatic efficiency, quality of RNA and the presence of inhibitors can lead to errors. Therefore, qPCR needs to be normalised to obtain reliable results and allow comparison. The most common approach is to use reference genes as internal controls in qPCR analyses. In this study, expression of seven genes, including β-actin (ACTB), β-2-microglobulin (B2M), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), β-glucuronidase (GUSB), TATA box binding protein (TBP), α-tubulin (TUBAT) and 28S ribosomal RNA (r28S), was determined in cells isolated from chicken lymphoid tissues and stimulated with three different mitogens. The stability of the genes was measured using geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper software. The results from both geNorm and NormFinder were that the three most stably expressed genes in this panel were TBP, GAPDH and r28S. BestKeeper did not generate clear answers because of the highly heterogeneous sample set. Based on these data we will include TBP in future qPCR normalisation. The study shows the importance of appropriate reference gene normalisation in other tissues before qPCR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Borowska
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
| | - L Rothwell
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - R A Bailey
- Aviagen Ltd., Edinburgh EH28 8SZ, United Kingdom
| | - K Watson
- Aviagen Ltd., Edinburgh EH28 8SZ, United Kingdom
| | - P Kaiser
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
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Collins S, Watson K, Elston C, Gyi K. 249 Diabetes in cystic fibrosis – education (DICE) – the impact of a structured education programme for the management of cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) on quality of life. J Cyst Fibros 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(15)30424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hutchings P, Lee K, Watson K, Hayee B, Elston C. 216 Gastrostomy button primary placement using an endoscopically guided gastropexy technique in cystic fibrosis: A single centre's early experience. J Cyst Fibros 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(15)30392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wright A, Moss P, Watson K, Rue S, Jull G, Mandrusiak A, Reubenson A, Connaughton J, Redmond C, MacIntosh S, Alison J, Chipchase L, Clements T, Blackstock F, Morgan P, Laakso L, van der Zwan K, Corrigan R, Jones A, Teys P, Palmer T. A profession-wide collaboration to embed role-play simulation into Australian entry-level physiotherapy clinical training. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Finkel R, Day J, Chiriboga C, Vasjar J, Cook D, Watson K, Paulose S, McMillian L, Cruz R, Montes J, Vivo DD, Yamashita M, McGuire D, Alexander K, Norris D, Bennett C, Bishop K. G.O.17. Neuromuscul Disord 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.06.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Foster JD, Sample S, Kohler R, Watson K, Muir P, Trepanier LA. Serum biomarkers of clinical and cytologic response in dogs with idiopathic immune-mediated polyarthropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:905-11. [PMID: 24698600 PMCID: PMC4895454 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune‐mediated polyarthopathy (IMPA) is common in dogs, and is monitored by serial arthrocenteses. Hypothesis/Objectives Plasma C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and CXCL8 (interleukin‐8) would serve as noninvasive markers of joint inflammation in IMPA. Animals Nine client‐owned dogs with idiopathic IMPA; 6 healthy controls. Methods Prospective study. Plasma CRP, IL‐6, and CXCL8 were measured by ELISA at baseline, 2, and 4 weeks during treatment with prednisone at 50 mg/m2/day. Arthrocenteses, the canine brief pain inventory (CBPI), and accelerometry collars were used to assess joint inflammation, lameness, and mobility at all 3 time points. Results C‐reactive protein concentrations were higher in IMPA dogs (median 91.1 μg/mL, range 76.7–195.0) compared with controls (median <6.3 μg/mL, <6.3–13.7; P = .0035), and were significantly lower at week 2 (10.6 μg/mL, <6.3–48.8) and week 4 (<6.3 μg/mL, <6.3–24.4; P < .001). C‐reactive protein was correlated with median CBPI scores (r = 0.68; P = .0004), joint cellularity (r = 0.49, P = .011), and mobility by accelerometry (r = −0.42, P = .048). Plasma IL‐6 concentrations were also higher in IMPA dogs (median 45.9 pg/mL), compared with controls (median <15.7 pg/mL; P = .0008). IL‐6 was lower in IMPA dogs by week 4 (<15.7 pg/mL; P = .0099), and was modestly correlated with CBPI scores (r = 0.47, P = .023). CXCL8 did not differ significantly between IMPA and healthy dogs. Conclusions Plasma CRP and IL‐6 might be useful surrogate markers of synovial inflammation and disease activity in dogs with IMPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Foster
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Watson K, Rennison C, Gould F, Samuel J. Detection of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillus in Lung Transplant Patients Using a Lateral Flow Device. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Stokes
- Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center/Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Goldberg R, Temprosa M, Otvos J, Brunzell J, Marcovina S, Mather K, Arakaki R, Watson K, Horton E, Barrett-Connor E. Lifestyle and metformin treatment favorably influence lipoprotein subfraction distribution in the Diabetes Prevention Program. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:3989-98. [PMID: 23979954 PMCID: PMC3790618 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although intensive lifestyle change (ILS) and metformin reduce diabetes incidence in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), their effects on lipoprotein subfractions have not been studied. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to characterize the effects of ILS and metformin vs placebo interventions on lipoprotein subfractions in the Diabetes Prevention Program. DESIGN This was a randomized clinical trial, testing the effects of ILS, metformin, and placebo on diabetes development in subjects with IGT. PARTICIPANTS Selected individuals with IGT randomized in the Diabetes Prevention Program participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS Interventions included randomization to metformin 850 mg or placebo twice daily or ILS aimed at a 7% weight loss using a low-fat diet with increased physical activity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Lipoprotein subfraction size, density, and concentration measured by magnetic resonance and density gradient ultracentrifugation at baseline and 1 year were measured. RESULTS ILS decreased large and buoyant very low-density lipoprotein, small and dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and small high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and raised large HDL. Metformin modestly reduced small and dense LDL and raised small and large HDL. Change in insulin resistance largely accounted for the intervention-associated decreases in large very low-density lipoprotein, whereas changes in body mass index (BMI) and adiponectin were strongly associated with changes in LDL. Baseline and a change in adiponectin were related to change in large HDL, and BMI change associated with small HDL change. The effect of metformin to increase small HDL was independent of adiponectin, BMI, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION ILS and metformin treatment have favorable effects on lipoprotein subfractions that are primarily mediated by intervention-related changes in insulin resistance, BMI, and adiponectin. Interventions that slow the development of diabetes may also retard the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Goldberg
- MD, c/o The Diabetes Prevention Program Coordinating Center, Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, 6110 Executive Boulevard, Suite 750, Rockville, Maryland 20852.
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Mehta P, Holder S, Fisher B, Vincent T, Nadesalingam K, Maciver H, Shingler W, Bakshi J, Hassan S, D'Cruz D, Chan A, Litwic AE, McCrae F, Seth R, McCrae F, Nandagudi A, Jury E, Isenberg D, Karjigi U, Paul A, Rees F, O'Dowd E, Kinnear W, Johnson S, Lanyon P, Bakshi J, Stevens R, Narayan N, Marguerie C, Robinson H, Ffolkes L, Worsnop F, Ostlere L, Kiely P, Dharmapalaiah C, Hassan N, Nandagudi A, Bharadwaj A, Skibinska M, Gendi N, Davies EJ, Akil M, Kilding R, Ramachandran Nair J, Walsh M, Farrar W, Thompson RN, Borukhson L, McFadyen C, Singh D, Rajagopal V, Chan AML, Wearn Koh L, Christie JD, Croot L, Gayed M, Disney B, Singhal S, Grindulis K, Reynolds TD, Conway K, Williams D, Quin J, Dean G, Churchill D, Walker-Bone KE, Goff I, Reynolds G, Grove M, Patel P, Lazarus MN, Roncaroli F, Gabriel C, Kinderlerer AR, Nikiphorou E, Hall FC, Bruce E, Gray L, Krutikov M, Wig S, Bruce I, D'Agostino MA, Wakefield R, Berner Hammer H, Vittecoq O, Galeazzi M, Balint P, Filippucci E, Moller I, Iagnocco A, Naredo E, Ostergaard M, Gaillez C, Kerselaers W, Van Holder K, Le Bars M, Stone MA, Williams F, Wolber L, Karppinen J, Maatta J, Thompson B, Atchia I, Lorenzi A, Raftery G, Platt P, Platt PN, Pratt A, Turmezei TD, Treece GM, Gee AH, Poole KE, Chandratre PN, Roddy E, Clarson L, Richardson J, Hider S, Mallen C, Lieberman A, Prouse PJ, Mahendran P, Samarawickrama A, Churchill D, Walker-Bone KE, Ottery FD, Yood R, Wolfson M, Ang A, Riches P, Thomson J, Nuki G, Humphreys J, Verstappen SM, Chipping J, Hyrich K, Marshall T, Symmons DP, Roy M, Kirwan JR, Marshall RW, Matcham F, Scott IC, Rayner L, Hotopf M, Kingsley GH, Scott DL, Steer S, Ma MH, Dahanayake C, Scott IC, Kingsley G, Cope A, Scott DL, Dahanayake C, Ma MH, Scott IC, Kingsley GH, Cope A, Scott DL, Wernham A, Ward L, Carruthers D, Deeming A, Buckley C, Raza K, De Pablo P, Nikiphorou E, Carpenter L, Jayakumar K, Solymossy C, Dixey J, Young A, Singh A, Penn H, Ellerby N, Mattey DL, Packham J, Dawes P, Hider SL, Ng N, Humby F, Bombardieri M, Kelly S, Di Cicco M, Dadoun S, Hands R, Rocher V, Kidd B, Pyne D, Pitzalis C, Poore S, Hutchinson D, Low A, Lunt M, Mercer L, Galloway J, Davies R, Watson K, Dixon W, Symmons D, Hyrich K, Mercer L, Lunt M, Low A, Galloway J, Watson KD, Dixon WG, Symmons D, Hyrich KL, Low A, Lunt M, Mercer L, Bruce E, Dixon W, Hyrich K, Symmons D, Malik SP, Kelly C, Hamilton J, Heycock C, Saravanan V, Rynne M, Harris HE, Tweedie F, Skaparis Y, White M, Scott N, Samson K, Mercieca C, Clarke S, Warner AJ, Humphreys J, Lunt M, Marshall T, Symmons D, Verstappen S, Chan E, Kelly C, Woodhead FA, Nisar M, Arthanari S, Dawson J, Sathi N, Ahmad Y, Koduri G, Young A, Kelly C, Chan E, Ahmad Y, Woodhead FA, Nisar M, Arthanari S, Dawson J, Sathi N, Koduri G, Young A, Cumming J, Stannett P, Hull R, Metsios G, Stavropoulos Kalinoglou A, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJ, Nightingale P, Koutedakis Y, Kitas GD, Nikiphorou E, Dixey J, Williams P, Kiely P, Walsh D, Carpenter L, Young A, Perry E, Kelly C, de-Soyza A, Moullaali T, Eggleton P, Hutchinson D, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJ, Metsios G, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Sandoo A, Kitas GD, de Pablo P, Maggs F, Carruthers D, Faizal A, Pugh M, Jobanputra P, Kehoe O, Cartwright A, Askari A, El Haj A, Middleton J, Aynsley S, Hardy J, Veale D, Fearon U, Wilson G, Muthana M, Fossati G, Healy L, Nesbitt A, Becerra E, Leandro MJ, De La Torre I, Cambridge G, Nelson PN, Roden D, Shaw M, Davari Ejtehadi H, Nevill A, Freimanis G, Hooley P, Bowman S, Alavi A, Axford J, Veitch AM, Tugnet N, Rylance PB, Hawtree S, Muthana M, Aynsley S, Mark Wilkinson J, Wilson AG, Woon Kam N, Filter A, Buckley C, Pitzalis C, Bombardieri M, Croft AP, Naylor A, Zimmermann B, Hardie D, Desanti G, Jaurez M, Muller-Ladner U, Filer A, Neumann E, Buckley C, Movahedi M, Lunt M, Ray DW, Dixon WG, Burmester GR, Matucci-Cerinic M, Navarro-Blasco F, Kary S, Unnebrink K, Kupper H, Mukherjee S, Cornell P, Richards S, Rahmeh F, Thompson PW, Westlake SL, Javaid MK, Batra R, Chana J, Round G, Judge A, Taylor P, Patel S, Cooper C, Ravindran V, Bingham CO, Weinblatt ME, Mendelsohn A, Kim L, Mack M, Lu J, Baker D, Westhovens R, Hewitt J, Han C, Keystone EC, Fleischmann R, Smolen J, Emery P, Genovese M, Doyle M, Hsia EC, Hart JC, Lazarus MN, Kinderlerer AR, Harland D, Gibbons C, Pang H, Huertas C, Diamantopoulos A, Dejonckheere F, Clowse M, Wolf D, Stach C, Kosutic G, Williams S, Terpstra I, Mahadevan U, Smolen J, Emery P, Ferraccioli G, Samborski W, Berenbaum F, Davies O, Koetse W, Bennett B, Burkhardt H, Weinblatt ME, Fleischmann R, Davies O, Luijtens K, van der Heijde D, Mariette X, van Vollenhoven RF, Bykerk V, de Longueville M, Arendt C, Luijtens K, Cush J, Khan A, Maclaren Z, Dubash S, Chalam VC, Sheeran T, Price T, Baskar S, Mulherin D, Molloy C, Keay F, Heritage C, Douglas B, Fleischmann R, Weinblatt ME, Schiff MH, Khanna D, Furst DE, Maldonado MA, Li W, Sasso EH, Emerling D, Cavet G, Ford K, Mackenzie-Green B, Collins D, Price E, Williamson L, Golla J, Vagadia V, Morrison E, Tierney A, Wilson H, Hunter J, Ma MH, Scott DL, Reddy V, Moore S, Ehrenstein M, Benson C, Wray M, Cairns A, Wright G, Pendleton A, McHenry M, Taggart A, Bell A, Bosworth A, Cox M, Johnston G, Shah P, O'Brien A, Jones P, Sargeant I, Bukhari M, Nusslein H, Alten R, Galeazzi M, Lorenz HM, Boumpas D, Nurmohamed MT, Bensen W, Burmester GR, Peter HH, Rainer F, Pavelka K, Chartier M, Poncet C, Rauch C, Le Bars M, Lempp H, Hofmann D, Adu A, Congreve C, Dobson J, Rose D, Simpson C, Wykes T, Cope A, Scott DL, Ibrahim F, Schiff M, Alten R, Weinblatt ME, Nash P, Fleischmann R, Durez P, Kaine J, Delaet I, Kelly S, Maldonado M, Patel S, Genovese M, Jones G, Sebba A, Lepley D, Devenport J, Bernasconi C, Smart D, Mpofu C, Gomez-Reino JJ, Verma I, Kaur J, Syngle A, Krishan P, Vohra K, Kaur L, Garg N, Chhabara M, Gibson K, Woodburn J, Telfer S, Buckley F, Finckh A, Huizinga TW, Dejonckheere F, Jansen JP, Genovese M, Sebba A, Rubbert-Roth A, Scali JJ, Alten R, Kremer JM, Pitts L, Vernon E, van Vollenhoven RF, Sharif MI, Das S, Emery P, Maciver H, Shingler W, Helliwell P, Sokoll K, Vital EM. Case Reports * 1. A Late Presentation of Loeys-Dietz Syndrome: Beware of TGF Receptor Mutations in Benign Joint Hypermobility. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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O'Connor TM, Hilmers A, Watson K, Baranowski T, Giardino AP. Feasibility of an obesity intervention for paediatric primary care targeting parenting and children: Helping HAND. Child Care Health Dev 2013; 39:141-9. [PMID: 22066521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary care setting offers the opportunity to reach children and parents to encourage healthy lifestyle behaviours, and improve weight status among children. OBJECTIVE Test the feasibility of Helping HAND (Healthy Activity and Nutrition Directions), an obesity intervention for 5- to 8-year-old children in primary care clinics. METHODS A randomized controlled pilot study of Helping HAND, a 6-month intervention, targeted children with body mass index 85-99%tile and their parents. Intervention group attended monthly sessions and self-selected child behaviours and parenting practices to change. Control group received regular paediatric care and was wait-listed for Helping HAND. Session completion, participant satisfaction, child anthropometrics, dietary intake, physical activity, TV viewing and behaviour-specific parenting practices were measured pre and post intervention. RESULTS Forty parent-child dyads enrolled: 82.5% were Hispanic, 80% had a girl and 65% reported income ≤ $30, 000/year. There was 20% attrition from Helping HAND (attended <4/6 sessions). Families self-selected 4.35 (SD 1.75) behaviours to target during the 6-month programme and each of the seven behaviours was selected by 45-80% of the families. There were no between group differences in the child's body mass index z-score, dietary intake or physical activity post intervention. Intervention group viewed 14.9 (SE 2.3) h/week of TV post intervention versus control group 23.3 (SE 2.4) h/week (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Helping HAND is feasible, due to low attrition, good programme attendance, and clinically relevant improvements in some child and parenting behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M O'Connor
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Watson K, Farré MJ, Knight N. Strategies for the removal of halides from drinking water sources, and their applicability in disinfection by-product minimisation: a critical review. J Environ Manage 2012; 110:276-98. [PMID: 22810000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The presence of bromide (Br(-)) and iodide (I(-)) in source waters leads to the formation of brominated and iodinated disinfection by-products (DBPs), which are often more toxic than their chlorinated analogues. The increasing scarcity of water resources in Australia is leading to use of impaired and alternative water supplies with high bromide and iodide levels, which may result in the production of more brominated and iodinated DBPs. This review aims to provide a summary of research into bromide and iodide removal from drinking water sources. Bromide and iodide removal techniques have been broadly classified into three categories, namely; membrane, electrochemical and adsorptive techniques. Reverse osmosis, nanofiltration and electrodialysis membrane techniques are reviewed. The electrochemical techniques discussed are electrolysis, capacitive deionization and membrane capacitive deionization. Studies on bromide and iodide removal using adsorptive techniques including; layered double hydroxides, impregnated activated carbons, carbon aerogels, ion exchange resins, aluminium coagulation and soils are also assessed. Halide removal techniques have been compared, and areas for future research have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Watson
- School of Environment, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
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Watson K, Shaw G, Leusch FDL, Knight NL. Chlorine disinfection by-products in wastewater effluent: Bioassay-based assessment of toxicological impact. Water Res 2012; 46:6069-6083. [PMID: 22981491 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The potential ecological impact of disinfection by-products (DBPs) present in chlorinated wastewater effluents is not well understood. In this study, the chlorinated effluent of traditional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and advanced water reclamation plants (AWRPs) supplying highly-treated recycled water were analyzed for nitrosamines and trihalomethanes (THMs), and a battery of bioassays conducted to assess effluent toxicity. An increase in general toxicity from DBPs was revealed for all wastewaters studied using an in vitro bioluminescence assay. Examples of androgenic activity and estrogenic activity arising from DBPs at specific sampling sites were also observed. The in vivo model (Artemia franciscana) was generally not adversely affected by exposure to DBPs from any of the chlorinated wastewaters studied. The observed toxicity could not be related to the concentrations of THMs and nitrosamines present, indicating that DBPs not monitored in this study were responsible for this. This work highlights the complexity of DBPs mixtures formed in chlorinated wastewaters, illustrating that toxicity of wastewater DBPs cannot be predicted by chemical monitoring of THMs and nitrosamines. The results suggest bioassays may be particularly useful monitoring tools in assessing toxicity arising from DBPs of these complex waters. The research concludes that DBPs formed in the chlorinated wastewaters studied can be toxic and may have a deleterious impact on aquatic organisms that are exposed to them, and therefore, that chlorination or chlorination/dechlorination may not be adequate treatment strategies for the protection of receiving waters. Chlorinated wastewater toxicity (from DBPs) is not well-understood in the Australian context, and this study serves to advise regulators on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Watson
- Smart Water Research Centre, Griffith University, Southport, 4222 Queensland, Australia
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Heathfield S, Parker B, Zeef L, Bruce I, Alexander Y, Collins F, Stone M, Wang E, Williams AS, Wright HL, Thomas HB, Moots RJ, Edwards SW, Bullock C, Chapman V, Walsh DA, Mobasheri A, Kendall D, Kelly S, Bayley R, Buckley CD, Young SP, Rump-Goodrich L, Middleton J, Chen L, Fisher R, Kollnberger S, Shastri N, Kessler BM, Bowness P, Nazeer Moideen A, Evans L, Osgood L, Williams AS, Jones SA, Nowell MA, Mahadik Y, Young S, Morgan M, Gordon C, Harper L, Giles JL, Paul Morgan B, Harris CL, Rysnik OJ, McHugh K, Kollnberger S, Payeli S, Marroquin O, Shaw J, Renner C, Bowness P, Nayar S, Cloake T, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Buckley C, Barone F, Barone F, Nayar S, Cloake T, Lane P, Coles M, Buckley C, Williams EL, Edwards CJ, Cooper C, Oreffo RO, Dunn S, Crawford A, Wilkinson M, Le Maitre C, Bunning R, Daniels J, Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Le Maitre CL, Kollnberger S, Shaw J, Ridley A, Wong-Baeza I, McHugh K, Keidel S, Chan A, Bowness P, Gullick NJ, Abozaid HS, Jayaraj DM, Evans HG, Scott DL, Choy EH, Taams LS, Hickling M, Golor G, Jullion A, Shaw S, Kretsos K, Bari SF, Rhys-Dillon B, Amos N, Siebert S, Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Bunning RD, Haddock G, Cross AK, Le Maitre CL, Kate I, Phillips E, Cross A, Chiverton N, Haddock G, Bunning RAD, Le Maitre CL, Ceeraz S, Spencer J, Choy E, Corrigall V, Crilly A, Palmer H, Lockhart J, Plevin R, Ferrell WR, McInnes I, Hutchinson D, Perry L, DiCicco M, Humby F, Kelly S, Hands R, Buckley C, McInnes I, Taylor P, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Mehta P, Mitchell A, Tysoe C, Caswell R, Owens M, Vincent T, Hashmi TM, Price-Forbes A, Sharp CA, Murphy H, Wood EF, Doherty T, Sheldon J, Sofat N, Goff I, Platt PN, Abdulkader R, Clunie G, Ismajli M, Nikiphorou E, Young A, Tugnet N, Dixey J, Banik S, Alcorn D, Hunter J, Win Maw W, Patil P, Hayes F, Main Wong W, Borg FA, Dasgupta B, Malaviya AP, Ostor AJ, Chana JK, Ahmed AA, Edmonds S, Hayes F, Coward L, Borg F, Heaney J, Amft N, Simpson J, Dhillon V, Ayalew Y, Khattak F, Gayed M, Amarasena RI, McKenna F, Amarasena RI, McKenna F, Mc Laughlin M, Baburaj K, Fattah Z, Ng N, Wilson J, Colaco B, Williams MR, Adizie T, Dasgupta B, Casey M, Lip S, Tan S, Anderson D, Robertson C, Devanny I, Field M, Walker D, Robinson S, Ryan S, Hassell A, Bateman J, Allen M, Davies D, Crouch C, Walker-Bone K, Gainsborough N, Gullick NJ, Lutalo PM, Davies UM, Walker-Bone K, Mckew JR, Millar AM, Wright SA, Bell AL, Thapper M, Roussou T, Cumming J, Hull RG, Thapper M, Roussou T, McKeogh J, O'Connor MB, Hassan AI, Bond U, Swan J, Phelan MJ, Coady D, Kumar N, Farrow L, Bukhari M, Oldroyd AG, Greenbank C, McBeth J, Duncan R, Brown D, Horan M, Pendleton N, Littlewood A, Cordingley L, Mulvey M, Curtis EM, Cole ZA, Crozier SR, Georgia N, Robinson SM, Godfrey KM, Sayer AA, Inskip HM, Cooper C, Harvey NC, Davies R, Mercer L, Galloway J, Low A, Watson K, Lunt M, Symmons D, Hyrich K, Chitale S, Estrach C, Moots RJ, Goodson NJ, Rankin E, Jiang CQ, Cheng KK, Lam TH, Adab P, Ling S, Chitale S, Moots RJ, Estrach C, Goodson NJ, Humphreys J, Ellis C, Bunn D, Verstappen SM, Symmons D, Fluess E, Macfarlane GJ, Bond C, Jones GT, Scott IC, Steer S, Lewis CM, Cope A, Mulvey MR, Macfarlane GJ, Symmons D, Lovell K, Keeley P, Woby S, Beasley M, McBeth J, Viatte S, Plant D, Lunt M, Fu B, Parker B, Galloway J, Solymossy C, Worthington J, Symmons D, Dixey J, Young A, Barton A, Williams FM, Osei-Bordom DC, Popham M, MacGregor A, Spector T, Little J, Herrick A, Pushpakom S, Ennis H, McBurney H, Worthington J, Newman W, Ibrahim I, Plant D, Hyrich K, Morgan A, Wilson A, Isaacs J, Barton A, Sanderson T, Hewlett S, Calnan M, Morris M, Raza K, Kumar K, Cardy CM, Pauling JD, Jenkins J, Brown SJ, McHugh N, Nikiphorou E, Mugford M, Davies C, Cooper N, Brooksby A, Bunn D, Symmons D, MacGregor A, Dures E, Ambler N, Fletcher D, Pope D, Robinson F, Rooke R, Hewlett S, Gorman CL, Reynolds P, Hakim AJ, Bosworth A, Weaver D, Kiely PD, Skeoch S, Jani M, Amarasena R, Rao C, Macphie E, McLoughlin Y, Shah P, Else S, Semenova O, Thompson H, Ogunbambi O, Kallankara S, Patel Y, Baguley E, Jani M, Halsey J, Severn A, Bukhari M, Selvan S, Price E, Husain MJ, Brophy S, Phillips CJ, Cooksey R, Irvine E, Siebert S, Lendrem D, Mitchell S, Bowman S, Price E, Pease CT, Emery P, Andrews J, Bombardieri M, Sutcliffe N, Pitzalis C, Lanyon P, Hunter J, Gupta M, McLaren J, Regan M, Cooper A, Giles I, Isenberg D, Griffiths B, Foggo H, Edgar S, Vadivelu S, Coady D, McHugh N, Ng WF, Dasgupta B, Taylor P, Iqbal I, Heron L, Pilling C, Marks J, Hull R, Ledingham J, Han C, Gathany T, Tandon N, Hsia E, Taylor P, Strand V, Sensky T, Harta N, Fleming S, Kay L, Rutherford M, Nicholl K, Kay L, Rutherford M, Nicholl K, Eyre T, Wilson G, Johnson P, Russell M, Timoshanko J, Duncan G, Spandley A, Roskell S, Coady D, West L, Adshead R, Donnelly SP, Ashton S, Tahir H, Patel D, Darroch J, Goodson NJ, Boulton J, Ellis B, Finlay R, Lendrem D, Mitchell S, Bowman S, Price E, Pease CT, Emery P, Andrews J, Bombardieri M, Sutcliffe N, Pitzalis C, Lanyon P, Hunter J, Gupta M, McLaren J, Regan M, Cooper A, Giles I, Isenberg D, Vadivelu S, Coady D, McHugh N, Griffiths B, Foggo H, Edgar S, Ng WF, Murray-Brown W, Priori R, Tappuni T, Vartoukian S, Seoudi N, Picarelli G, Fortune F, Valesini G, Pitzalis C, Bombardieri M, Ball E, Rooney M, Bell A, Merida AA, Isenberg D, Tarelli E, Axford J, Giles I, Pericleous C, Pierangeli SS, Ioannou J, Rahman A, Alavi A, Hughes M, Evans B, Bukhari M, Parker B, Zaki A, Alexander Y, Bruce I, Hui M, Garner R, Rees F, Bavakunji R, Daniel P, Varughese S, Srikanth A, Andres M, Pearce F, Leung J, Lim K, Regan M, Lanyon P, Oomatia A, Petri M, Fang H, Birnbaum J, Amissah-Arthur M, Gayed M, Stewart K, Jennens H, Braude S, Gordon C, Sutton EJ, Watson KD, Gordon C, Yee CS, Lanyon P, Jayne D, Isenberg D, Rahman A, Akil M, McHugh N, Ahmad Y, Amft N, D'Cruz D, Edwards CJ, Griffiths B, Khamashta M, Teh LS, Zoma A, Bruce I, Dey ID, Kenu E, Isenberg D, Pericleous C, Garza-Garcia A, Murfitt L, Driscoll PC, Isenberg D, Pierangeli S, Giles I, Ioannou Y, Rahman A, Reynolds JA, Ray DW, O'Neill T, Alexander Y, Bruce I, Segeda I, Shevchuk S, Kuvikova I, Brown N, Bruce I, Venning M, Mehta P, Dhanjal M, Mason J, Nelson-Piercy C, Basu N, Paudyal P, Stockton M, Lawton S, Dent C, Kindness K, Meldrum G, John E, Arthur C, West L, Macfarlane MV, Reid DM, Jones GT, Macfarlane GJ, Yates M, Loke Y, Watts R, MacGregor A, Adizie T, Christidis D, Dasgupta B, Williams M, Sivakumar R, Misra R, Danda D, Mahendranath KM, Bacon PA, Mackie SL, Pease CT. Basic science * 232. Certolizumab pegol prevents pro-inflammatory alterations in endothelial cell function. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hammond C, Velard F, Ah Kioon MD, Come D, Hafsia N, Lin H, Ea HK, Liote F, Dudek M, Wallis GA, Paton K, Harris J, Kendall DA, Kelly S, Mercer L, Galloway J, Low A, Watson K, Lunt M, Dixon W, Symmons D, Hyrich K, Ntatsaki E, Watts RA, Mooney J, Scott DGI, Humphreys J, Verstappen SM, Marshall T, Lunt M, Hyrich K, Symmons DP, Khan A, Scott DL, Abraham A, Pearce MS, Mann KD, Francis RM, Birrell F, Moinzadeh P, Fonseca C, Hellmich M, Shah A, Chighizola C, Denton CP, Ong V, Croia C, Bombardieri M, Francesca A, Serafini B, Humby F, Kelly S, Migliorini P, Pitzalis C, Miles K, Heaney J, Sibinska Z, Salter D, Savill J, Gray D, Gray M, Jones GW, Greenhill CJ, Williams AS, Nowell MA, Jenkins BJ, Jones SA, McGovern J, Nguyen DX, Notley CA, Mauri C, Isenberg D, Ehrenstein M, Jacklin C, Bosworth AM, Bateman J, Allen M, Samani D, Davies D, Harris HE, Brannan S, Venters G, McQuillian A, Lovegrove F, Gibson J, Chinn D, Mclaren JS, Gordhan C, Stack RJ, Kumar K, Awad I, Raza K, Bacon P, Arkell P, Ryan S, Brownfield A, Packham J, Jacklin C, Bosworth AM, Wilkinson K, Roberts KJ, Moots RJ, Edwards SW, Headland SE, Perretti M, Norling L, Dalli J, Flower R, Serhan C, Perretti M, Naylor A, Azzam E, Smith S, Croft A, Duffield J, Huso D, Gay S, Ospelt C, Cooper M, Isacke C, Goodyear S, Rogers M, Buckley C, Greenhill CJ, Williams AS, Jones GW, Nowell MA, Moideen AN, Rosas M, Taylor PR, Humphreys IR, Jones SA, Vattakuzhi Y, Horwood NJ, Clark AR, Mueller AJ, Laird EG, Tew SR, Clegg PD, Orozco G, Eyre S, Bowes J, Flynn E, Barton A, Worthington J, Eyre S, Bowes J, Barton A, Amos C, Diogo D, Lee A, Padyukov L, Stahl EA, Martin J, Rantapaa-Dahlqvist S, Raychaudhuri S, Plenge R, Klareskog L, Gregersen P, Worthington J, Jani M, Chinoy H, Lamb J, Hazel P, Wedderburn L, Vencovsky J, Danko K, Lundberg I, O'Callaghan AS, Radstake T, Ollier WER, Cooper RG, Cobb J, Hinks A, Bowes J, Steel K, Sudman M, Marion MC, Keddache M, Wedderburn LR, Haas JP, Glass DN, Langefeld CD, Thomson W, Thompson SD, Cobb J, Hinks A, Flynn E, Hirani S, Patrick F, Kassoumeri L, Ursu S, Moncrieffe H, Bulatovic M, Bohm M, van Zelst B, Dolezalova P, de Jonge R, Wulffraat N, Newman S, Thomson W, Wedderburn L. Oral abstracts 7: Molecular mechanisms of disease--osteoarthritis * S1. Identification of novel osteoarthritis genes using zebrafish. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Backhouse MR, Vinall KA, Redmond A, Helliwell P, Keenan AM, Dale RM, Thomas A, Aronson D, Turner-Cobb J, Sengupta R, France B, Hill I, Flurey CA, Morris M, Pollock J, Hughes R, Richards P, Hewlett S, Ryan S, Lille K, Adams J, Haq I, McArthur M, Goodacre L, Birt L, Wilson O, Kirwan J, Dures E, Quest E, Hewlett S, Rajak R, Thomas T, Lawson T, Petford S, Hale E, Kitas GD, Ryan S, Gooberman-Hill R, Jinks C, Dziedzic K, Boucas SB, Hislop K, Rhodes C, Adams J, Ali F, Jinks C, Ong BN, Backhouse MR, White D, Hensor E, Keenan AM, Helliwell P, Redmond A, Ferguson AM, Douiri A, Scott DL, Lempp H, Halls S, Law RJ, Jones J, Markland D, Maddison P, Thom J, Law RJ, Thom JM, Maddison P, Breslin A, Kraus A, Gordhan C, Dennis S, Connor J, Chowdhary B, Lottay N, Juneja P, Bacon PA, Isaacs D, Jack J, Keller M, Tibble J, Haq I, Hammond A, Gill R, Tyson S, Tennant A, Nordenskiold U, Pease EE, Pease CT, Trehane A, Rahmeh F, Cornell P, Westlake SL, Rose K, Alber CF, Watson L, Stratton R, Lazarus M, McNeilly NE, Waterfield J, Hurley M, Greenwood J, Clayton AM, Lynch M, Clewes A, Dawson J, Abernethy V, Griffiths AE, Chamberlain VA, McLoughlin Y, Campbell S, Hayes J, Moffat C, McKenna F, Shah P, Rajak R, Williams A, Rhys-Dillon C, Goodfellow R, Martin JC, Rajak R, Bari F, Hughes G, Thomas E, Baker S, Collins D, Price E, Williamson L, Dunkley L, Youll MJ, Rodziewicz M, Reynolds JA, Berry J, Pavey C, Hyrich K, Gorodkin R, Wilkinson K, Bruce I, Barton A, Silman A, Ho P, Cornell T, Westlake SL, Richards S, Holmes A, Parker S, Smith H, Briggs N, Arthanari S, Nisar M, Thwaites C, Ryan S, Kamath S, Price S, Robinson SM, Walker D, Coop H, Al-Allaf W, Baker S, Williamson L, Price E, Collins D, Charleton RC, Griffiths B, Edwards EA, Partlett R, Martin K, Tarzi M, Panthakalam S, Freeman T, Ainley L, Turner M, Hughes L, Russell B, Jenkins S, Done J, Young A, Jones T, Gaywood IC, Pande I, Pradere MJ, Bhaduri M, Smith A, Cook H, Abraham S, Ngcozana T, Denton CP, Parker L, Black CM, Ong V, Thompson N, White C, Duddy M, Jobanputra P, Bacon P, Smith J, Richardson A, Giancola G, Soh V, Spencer S, Greenhalgh A, Hanson M, De Lord D, Lloyd M, Wong H, Wren D, Grover B, Hall J, Neville C, Alton P, Kelly S, Bombardieri M, Humby F, Ng N, Di Cicco M, Hands R, Epis O, Filer A, Buckley C, McInnes I, Taylor P, Pitzalis C, Freeston J, Conaghan P, Grainger A, O'Connor PJ, Evans R, Emery P, Hodgson R, Emery P, Fleischmann R, Han C, van der Heijde D, Conaghan P, Xu W, Hsia E, Kavanaugh A, Gladman D, Chattopadhyay C, Beutler A, Han C, Zayat AS, Conaghan P, Freeston J, Hensor E, Ellegard K, Terslev L, Emery P, Wakefield RJ, Ciurtin C, Leandro M, Dey D, Nandagudi A, Giles I, Shipley M, Morris V, Ioannou J, Ehrenstein M, Sen D, Chan M, Quinlan TM, Brophy R, Mewar D, Patel D, Wilby MJ, Pellegrini V, Eyes B, Crooks D, Anderson M, Ball E, McKeeman H, Burns J, Yau WH, Moore O, Foo J, Benson C, Patterson C, Wright G, Taggart A, Drew S, Tanner L, Sanyal K, Bourke BE, Lloyd M, Alston C, Baqai C, Chard M, Sandhu V, Neville C, Jordan K, Munns C, Zouita L, Shattles W, Davies U, Makadsi R, Griffith S, Kiely PD, Ciurtin C, Dimofte I, Dabu M, Dabu B, Dobarro D, Schreiber BE, Warrell C, Handler C, Coghlan G, Denton C, Ishorari J, Bunn C, Beynon H, Denton CP, Stratton R, George Malal JJ, Boton-Maggs B, Leung A, Farewell D, Choy E, Gullick NJ, Young A, Choy EH, Scott DL, Wincup C, Fisher B, Charles P, Taylor P, Gullick NJ, Pollard LC, Kirkham BW, Scott DL, Ma MH, Ramanujan S, Cavet G, Haney D, Kingsley GH, Scott D, Cope A, Singh A, Wilson J, Isaacs A, Wing C, McLaughlin M, Penn H, Genovese MC, Sebba A, Rubbert-Roth A, Scali J, Zilberstein M, Thompson L, Van Vollenhoven R, De Benedetti F, Brunner H, Allen R, Brown D, Chaitow J, Pardeo M, Espada G, Flato B, Horneff G, Devlin C, Kenwright A, Schneider R, Woo P, Martini A, Lovell D, Ruperto N, John H, Hale ED, Treharne GJ, Kitas GD, Carroll D, Mercer L, Low A, Galloway J, Watson K, Lunt M, Symmons D, Hyrich K, Low A, Mercer L, Galloway J, Davies R, Watson K, Lunt M, Dixon W, Hyrich K, Symmons D, Balarajah S, Sandhu A, Ariyo M, Rankin E, Sandoo A, van Zanten JJV, Toms TE, Carroll D, Kitas GD, Sandoo A, Smith JP, Kitas GD, Malik S, Toberty E, Thalayasingam N, Hamilton J, Kelly C, Puntis D, Malik S, Hamilton J, Saravanan V, Rynne M, Heycock C, Kelly C, Rajak R, Goodfellow R, Rhys-Dillon C, Winter R, Wardle P, Martin JC, Toms T, Sandoo A, Smith J, Cadman S, Nightingale P, Kitas G, Alhusain AZ, Verstappen SM, Mirjafari H, Lunt M, Charlton-Menys V, Bunn D, Symmons D, Durrington P, Bruce I, Cooney JK, Thom JM, Moore JP, Lemmey A, Jones JG, Maddison PJ, Ahmad YA, Ahmed TJ, Leone F, Kiely PD, Browne HK, Rhys-Dillon C, Wig S, Chevance A, Moore T, Manning J, Vail A, Herrick AL, Derrett-Smith E, Hoyles R, Moinzadeh P, Chighizola C, Khan K, Ong V, Abraham D, Denton CP, Schreiber BE, Dobarro D, Warrell CE, Handler C, Denton CP, Coghlan G, Sykes R, Muir L, Ennis H, Herrick AL, Shiwen X, Thompson K, Khan K, Liu S, Denton CP, Leask A, Abraham DJ, Strickland G, Pauling J, Betteridge Z, Dunphy J, Owen P, McHugh N, Abignano G, Cuomo G, Buch MH, Rosenberg WM, Valentini G, Emery P, Del Galdo F, Jenkins J, Pauling JD, McHugh N, Khan K, Shiwen X, Abraham D, Denton CP, Ong V, Moinzadeh P, Howell K, Ong V, Nihtyanova S, Denton CP, Moinzadeh P, Fonseca C, Khan K, Abraham D, Ong V, Denton CP, Malaviya AP, Hadjinicolaou AV, Nisar MK, Ruddlesden M, Furlong A, Baker S, Hall FC, Hadjinicolaou AV, Malaviya AP, Nisar MK, Ruddlesden M, Raut-Roy D, Furlong A, Baker S, Hall FC, Peluso R, Dario Di Minno MN, Iervolino S, Costa L, Atteno M, Lofrano M, Soscia E, Castiglione F, Foglia F, Scarpa R, Wallis D, Thomas A, Hill I, France B, Sengupta R, Dougados M, Keystone E, Heckaman M, Mease P, Landewe R, Nguyen D, Heckaman M, Mease P, Winfield RA, Dyke C, Clemence M, Mackay K, Haywood KL, Packham J, Jordan KP, Davies H, Brophy S, Irvine E, Cooksey R, Dennis MS, Siebert S, Kingsley GH, Ibrahim F, Scott DL, Kavanaugh A, McInnes I, Chattopadhyay C, Krueger G, Gladman D, Beutler A, Gathany T, Mudivarthy S, Mack M, Tandon N, Han C, Mease P, McInnes I, Sieper J, Braun J, Emery P, van der Heijde D, Isaacs J, Dahmen G, Wollenhaupt J, Schulze-Koops H, Gsteiger S, Bertolino A, Hueber W, Tak PP, Cohen CJ, Karaderi T, Pointon JJ, Wordsworth BP, Cooksey R, Davies H, Dennis MS, Siebert S, Brophy S, Keidel S, Pointon JJ, Farrar C, Karaderi T, Appleton LH, Wordsworth BP, Adshead R, Tahir H, Greenwood M, Donnelly SP, Wajed J, Kirkham B. BHPR research: qualitative * 1. Complex reasoning determines patients' perception of outcome following foot surgery in rheumatoid arhtritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Airflow obstruction is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in the general population. The affected vascular bed and contribution of emphysema to cardiovascular risk are unclear. We examined whether an obstructive pattern of spirometry and quantitatively defined emphysema were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid, peripheral and coronary circulations. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis recruited participants aged 45-84 yrs without clinical cardiovascular disease. Spirometry, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), ankle-brachial index (ABI) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) were measured using standard protocols. Percentage of emphysema-like lung was measured in the lung windows of cardiac computed tomography scans among 3,642 participants. Multiple linear regression was used to adjust for cardiac risk factors, including C-reactive protein. Decrements in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and FEV(1)/forced vital capacity ratio were associated with greater internal carotid IMT, particularly among smokers (p=0.03 and p<0.001, respectively) whereas percentage emphysema was associated with reduced ABI regardless of smoking history (p=0.004). CAC was associated with neither lung function (prevalence ratio for the presence of CAC in severe airflow obstruction 0.99, 95% CI 0.91-1.07) nor percentage emphysema. An obstructive pattern of spirometry and emphysema were associated distinctly and independently with subclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries and peripheral circulation, respectively, and were not independently related to CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Barr
- Dept of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Nishikawa M, Owaki H, Fuji T, Soliman MM, Ashcroft DM, Watson KD, Lunt M, Symmons D, Hyrich KL, Atkinson F, Malik S, Heycock C, Saravanan V, Rynne M, Hamilton J, Kelly C, Burmester G, Kary S, Unnebrink K, Guerette B, Oezer U, Kupper H, Dennison E, Jameson K, Hyrich K, Watson K, Landewe R, Keystone E, Smolen J, Goldring M, Guerette B, Patra K, Cifaldi M, van der Heijde D, Lloyd LA, Owen C, Breslin A, Ahmad Y, Emery P, Matteson EL, Genovese M, Sague S, Hsia EC, Doyle MK, Fan H, Elashoff M, Kirkham B, Wasco MC, Bathon J, Hsia EC, Fleischmann R, Genovese MC, Matteson EL, Liu H, Fleischmann R, Goldman J, Leirisalo-Repo M, Zanetakis E, El-Kadi H, Kellner H, Bolce R, Wang J, Dehoratius R, Decktor D, Kremer J, Taylor P, Mendelsohn A, Baker D, Kim L, Ritchlin C, Taylor P, Mariette X, Matucci Cerenic M, Pavelka K, van Vollenhoven R, Heatley R, Walsh C, Lawson R, Reynolds A, Emery P, Iaremenko O, Mikitenko G, Smolen J, van Vollenhoven R, Kavanaugh A, Luijtens K, van der Heijde D, Curtis J, van der Heijde D, Schiff M, Keystone E, Landewe R, Kvien T, Curtis J, Khanna D, Luijtens K, Furst D, Behrens F, Koehm M, Scharbatke EC, Kleinert S, Weyer G, Tony HP, Burkhardt H, Blunn KJ, Williams RB, Young A, McDowell J, Keystone E, Weinblatt M, Haraoui B, Guerette B, Mozaffarian N, Patra K, Kavanaugh A, Khraishi M, Alten R, Gomez-Reino J, Rizzo W, Schechtman J, Kahan A, Vernon E, Taylor M, Smolen J, Hogan V, Holweg C, Kummerfeld S, Teng O, Townsend M, van Laar JM, Gullick NJ, De Silva C, Kirkham BW, van der Heijde D, Landewe R, Guerette B, Roy S, Patra K, Keystone E, Emery P, Fleischmann R, van der Heijde D, Keystone E, Genovese MC, Conaghan PG, Hsia EC, Xu W, Baratelle A, Beutler A, Rahman MU, Nikiphorou E, Kiely P, Walsh DA, Williams R, Young A, Shah D, Knight GD, Hutchinson DG, Dass S, Atzeni F, Vital EM, Bingham SJ, Buch M, Beirne P, Emery P, Keystone E, Fleischmann R, Emery P, Dougados M, Williams S, Reynard M, Blackler L, Gullick NJ, Zain A, Oakley S, Rees J, Jones T, Mistlin A, Panayi G, Kirkham BW, Westhovens R, Durez P, Genant H, Robles M, Becker JC, Covucci A, Bathon J, Genovese MC, Schiff M, Luggen M, Le Bars M, Becker JC, Aranda R, Li T, Elegbe A, Dougados M, Smolen J, van Vollenhoven R, Kavanaugh A, Fichtner A, Strand V, Vencovsky J, van der Heijde D, Davies R, Galloway J, Watson KD, Lunt M, Hochberg M, Westhovens R, Aranda R, Kelly S, Khan N, Qi K, Pappu R, Delaet I, Luo A, Torbeyns A, Moreland L, Cohen R, Gujrathi S, Weinblatt M, Bykerk VP, Alvaro-Gracia J, Andres Roman Ivorra J, Nurmohamed MT, Pavelka K, Bernasconi C, Stancati A, Sibilia J, Ostor A, Strangfeld A, Eveslage M, Listing J, Herzer P, Liebhaber A, Krummel-Lorenz B, Zink A, Haraoui B, Emery P, Mozaffarian N, Guerette B, Kupper H, Patra K, Keystone E, Genovese MC, Breedveld FC, Emery P, Cohen SB, Keystone E, Matteson EL, Burke L, Chai A, Reiss W, Sweetser M, Shaw T, Ellis SD, Ehrenstein MR, Notley CA, Yazici Y, Curtis J, Ince A, Baraf H, Malamet R, Chung CY, Kavanaugh A, Hughes C, Faurholm B, Dell'Accio F, Manzo A, Seed M, Eltawil N, Marrelli A, Gould D, Subang C, Al-Kashi A, De Bari C, Winyard P, Chernajovsky Y, Nissim A, van Vollenhoven R, Emery P, Bingham C, Keystone E, Fleischmann RM, Furst DE, Macey KM, Sweetser MT, Lehane P, Farmer P, Long SG, Kremer JM, Furst DE, Burgos-Vargas R, Dudler J, Mela CM, Vernon E, Fleischmann RM, Wegner N, Lugli H, Quirke AM, Guo Y, Potempa J, Venables P. Rheumatoid arthritis - treatment: 180. Utility of Body Weight Classified Low-Dose Leflunomide in Japanese Rheumatoid Arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ickinger C, Musenge E, Tikly M, Barnes J, Donnison C, Scott M, Bartholomew P, Rynne M, Hamilton J, Saravanan V, Heycock C, Kelly C, de la Torre I, Moura RA, Leandro M, Edwards J, Cambridge G, de la Torre I, Leandro M, Edwards J, Cambridge G, Daniels LE, Gullick NJ, Rees JD, Kirkham BW, Daniels LE, Gullick NJ, Kirkham BW, Rees J, Scott IC, Johnson D, Scott DL, Kingsley G, Ma MH, Cope AP, Scott DL, Kirkham BW, Brode S, Nisar MK, Ostor AJ, Gullick NJ, Oakley SP, Rees JD, Jones T, Mistlin A, Panayi GS, Kirkham BW, El Miedany Y, Palmer D, Porkodi R, Rajendran P, Waller R, Williamson L, Collins D, Price E, Juarez MJ, El Miedany Y, El Gaafary M, Youssef S, Palmer D, El Miedany Y, El Gaafary M, Palmer D, El Miedany Y, El Gaafary M, Palmer D, El Miedany Y, Palmer D, Cramp F, Hewlett S, Almeida C, Kirwan J, Choy E, Chalder T, Pollock J, Christensen R, Mirjafari H, Verstappen S, Bunn D, Edlin H, Charlton-Menys V, Pemberton P, Marshall T, Wilson P, Lunt M, Symmons D, Bruce IN, Bell C, Rowe IF, Jayakumar K, Norton SJ, Dixey J, Williams P, Young A, Kurunadalingam H, Parwaiz I, Kumar K, Howlett K, Hands B, Raza K, Pitzalis C, Buckley C, Kelly S, Filer A, Wheater G, Hogan VE, Onno Teng Y, Tekstra J, Tuck SP, Lafeber FP, Huizinga TW, Bijlsma JW, Francis RM, Datta HK, van Laar J, Pratt AG, Charles PJ, Choudhury M, Wilson G, Venables PJ, Isaacs J, Raza K, Kumar K, Stack R, Kwiatkowska B, Rantapaa-Dahlqvist S, Saxne T, Sidiropoulos P, Kteniadaki E, Misirlaki C, Mann H, Vencovsky J, Ciurea A, Tamborrini G, Kyburz D, Bastian H, Burmester GR, Detert J, Buckley CD, Sheehy C, Shipman A, Stech I, Mukhtyar C, Atzeni F, Sitia S, Tomasoni L, Gianturco L, Ricci C, Sarzi-Puttini P, De Gennaro Colonna V, Turiel M, Galloway J, Low A, Mercer LK, Dixon W, Ustianowski A, Watson K, Lunt M, Fisher B, Plant D, Lundberg K, Charles PJ, Barton A, Venables P, Pratt AG, Lorenzi AR, Wilson G, Platt PN, Isaacs J. Rheumatoid arthritis - clinical aspects: 134. Predictors of Joint Damage in South Africans with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Edwards C, Metcalfe D, Burr A, Watson K, Steward FCN, Jepson MH, van Zwanenberg TD. Influence of patient age on drug costs: An investigation to validate the prescribing unit. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7174.1991.tb00540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The costs of 15,226 drug items prescribed by 22 doctors in two UK health centres were analysed with respect to patients' age and gender. For patients aged 65 and over, average drug costs per practice patient at the health centres were, respectively, 3.6 and 5.2 times greater, and the number of prescribed items 3.3 and 5.6 times greater, than for patients under 65. When analysed in 10 patient-age bands, there was a gradual increase in the number of prescribed items and average costs from the age of 35 to 74 years at each centre. Items and costs decreased for patients aged 75 and over. The increase in costs was the consequence of a general increase in prescribed items throughout the major therapeutic groups. The findings suggest that the prescribing unit, which is a weighting factor for age currently employed to standardise populations when making interpractice comparisons of prescribing costs, may not be wholly appropriate and could conceal important differences in some patient groups, especially the middle age ranges of 35 to 64 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Edwards
- Wolfson Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU
| | - D Metcalfe
- Pharmacy Practice Unit, Sunderland Polytechnic, Sunderland
| | - A Burr
- Pharmacy Practice Unit, Sunderland Polytechnic, Sunderland
| | - K Watson
- Pharmacy, Pallion Health Centre, Sunderland
| | | | - M H Jepson
- Pharmacy Practice Research Group, Aston University, Birmingham
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Bass P, Rhodes D, Watson K, Spelman D, Kennon J, Cheng A, Land G, Kehoe R, Harrington G. P18.03 Impact of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate impregnated wash cloths on vancomycin resistant Enterococci acquisition in high risk patients in Australia. J Hosp Infect 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(10)60193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Davis L, Ware RS, McCann D, Keogh S, Watson K. Factors influencing paediatric nurses' responses to medication administration. BMJ Qual Saf 2010; 19:e4. [DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2008.028852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Strangfeld A, Hyrich K, Askling J, Arkema E, Davies R, Listing J, Neovius M, Simard J, Symmons D, Watson K, Zink A. Detection and evaluation of a drug safety signal concerning pancreatic cancer: lessons from a joint approach of three European biologics registers. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 50:146-51. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mercer LK, Dixon WG, Watson KD, Galloway J, Lunt M, Symmons DP, Hyrich KL, Galloway J, Hyrich K, Mercer L, Dixon W, Ustianowski A, Watson K, Lunt M, Symmons D, Mirjafari H, Lunt M, Charlton-Menys V, Bunn D, Edlin H, Marshall T, Wilson P, Symmons DP, Bruce IN, Goodson NJ, Morgan K, Marks J, Symmons DP, Gullick N, Oakley S, Jones T, Mistlin A, Rees J, Gibson T, Panayi G, Kirkham B, Ma MH, Ibrahim F, Pollard L, Fekete Z, Kingsley GH, Scott DL. Concurrent Oral 7 - Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinical Aspects [OP48-OP53]: OP48. The Risk of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in Patients Receiving Anti-TNF Therapies for Rheumatoid Athritis: Results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Westlake SL, Colebatch AN, Baird J, Kiely P, Quinn M, Choy E, Ostor AJ, Edwards CJ, Jankowska B, Uchmanowicz I, Polanski J, Dudek K, Suresh R, Horwood N, Sandoo A, van Zanten JV, Smith JP, Carroll D, Toms TE, Kitas GD, Chitale S, Estrach C, Thompson R, Sathyamurthy S, Goodson N, Toms TE, Panoulas VF, Douglas KM, Kitas GD, Abozaid HS, Fathi NA, Scott DL, Steer S, Galloway J, Dixon W, Mercer L, Watson K, Mark L, Hyrich K, Symmons D, Hirsch G, Klocke R, Toberty E, Coulson E, Saravanan V, Heycock C, Rynne M, Hamilton J, Kelly C, Tsang R, Coulson E, Saravanan V, Heycock C, Hamilton J, Kelly C, El Miedany Y, Palmer D, Collins D, Arnold T, Juarez M, Waller R, Williamson L, Price E, Suppiah R, Doyle A, Rai R, Dalbeth N, Lobo M, Braun J, McQueen F, Cader Z, Filer A, Buckley CD, Raza K, Mirjafari H, Farragher T, Verstappen SM, Bunn D, Charlton-Menys V, Marshall T, Symmons DP, Bruce IN, Steven R, Crilly A, Lockhart JC, Ferrell WR, McInnes IB, Ahmed U, Rabbani N, Filer A, Watts R, Raza K, Thornalley P, Nikiphorou E, Young A, Kiely P, Walsh D, Williams R, Iskandar M, Farragher T, Bunn D, Symmons D, El Miedany Y, El Gaafary M, Palmer D, Filer A, de Pablo P, Allen G, Nightingale P, Jordan A, Jobanputra P, Buckley C, Raza K, Gordon R, Snowden N, Gwynne C, Amos N, Camilleri J, El Miedany Y, El Gaafary M, Youssef S, Palmer D, Silburn S, Pullar T, Vinod K, Fardon T, Scott IC, Kingsley G, Scott DL, Koduri G, Norton S, Young A, Cox N, Prouse P, Dixey J, Williams P, Jones N, Suppiah R, Newton J, Litwic AE, Ledingham JM, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Metsios GS, Panoulas VF, Koutedakis Y, Kitas GD, Ramachandran Nair J, Mewar D, Long KS, Coulson E, Saravanan V, Heycock C, Hamilton J, Kelly C, El Miedany Y, Youssef S, Palmer D. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinical Aspects [322-355]: 322. The Effect of Biologics on Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Literature Review. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lloyd M, Makadsi R, Ala A, Connor P, Gwynne C, Rhys Dillon B, Lawson T, Emery P, Mease PJ, Rubbert-Roth A, Curtis JR, Muller-Ladner U, Gaylis N, Armstrong GK, Reynard M, Tyrrell H, Joshi N, Loke Y, MacGregor A, Malaiya R, Rachapalli SM, Parton T, King L, Parker G, Nesbitt A, Schiff M, Sheikzadeh A, Formosa D, Domanska B, Morgan D, van Vollenhoven R, Cifaldi M, Roy S, Chen N, Gotlieb L, Malaise M, Langtree M, Lam M, Malipeddi A, Hassan W, El Miedany Y, El Gaafary M, Palmer D, Dutta S, Breslin A, Ahmad Y, Morcos PN, Zhang X, Grange S, Schmitt C, Malipeddi AS, Neame R, Isaacs JD, Olech E, Tak PP, Deodhar A, Keystone E, Emery P, Yocum D, Hessey E, Read S, Blunn KJ, Williams RB, McDowell JA, Rees DH, Young A, Marks JL, Westlake SL, Baird J, Kiely PD, Ostor AJ, Quinn MA, Taylor PC, Edwards CJ, Vagadia V, Bracewell C, McKay N, Collini A, Kidd E, Wright D, Watson K, Williams E, Mossadegh S, Ledingham J, Combe B, Schwartzman S, Massarotti E, Keystone EC, Luijtens K, van der Heijde D, Mariette X, Kivitz A, Isaacs JD, Stohl W, Tak PP, Jones R, Jahreis A, Armstrong G, Shaw T, Westhovens R, Strand V, Keystone EC, Purcaru O, Khanna D, Smolen J, Kavanaugh A, Keystone EC, Fleischmann RM, Emery P, Dougados M, Baldassare AR, Armstrong GK, Linnik M, Reynard M, Tyrrell H, McInnes IB, Combe B, Burmester G, Schiff M, Keiserman M, Codding C, Songcharoen S, Berman A, Nayiager S, Saldate C, Aranda R, Becker JC, Zhao C, Le Bars M, Dougados M, Burmester GR, Kary S, Unnebrink K, Guerette B, Oezer U, Kupper H, Dougados M, Keystone EC, Guerette B, Patra K, Lavie F, Gasparyan AY, Sandoo A, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Kitas GD, Dubash SR, Linton S, Emery P, Genovese MC, Fleischmann RM, Matteson EL, Hsia EC, Xu S, Doyle MK, Rahman MU, Keystone E, Curtis J, Fleischmann R, Mease P, Khanna D, Smolen J, Coteur G, Combe B, van Vollenhoven R, Smolen J, Schiff M, Fleischmann R, Combe B, Goel N, Desai C, Curtis J, Keystone E, Emery P, Choy E, Van Vollenhoven R, Keystone E, Furie R, Blesch A, Wang CD, Curtis JR, Hughes LD, Young A, Done DJ, Treharne G, van Vollenhoven RF, Emery P, Bingham CO, Keystone EC, Fleischmann RM, Furst DE, Macey K, Sweetster MT, Lehane PB, Farmer P, Long SG, Kremer JM, Russell AS, Emery P, Abud-Mendoza C, Szechinski J, Becker JC, Wu G, Westhovens R, Keystone EC, Kavanaugh A, van der Heijde D, Sinisi S, Guerette B, Keystone EC, Fleischmann R, Smolen J, Strand V, Landewe R, Combe B, Mease P, Ansari Z, Goel N, van der Heijde D, Emery P, Alavi A, Fitzgerald O, Collins ES, Fraser O, Tarelli E, Ng VC, Breshnihan B, Veale DJ, Axford JS, Aletaha D, Alasti F, Smolen JS, Keystone EC, Schiff MH, Rovensky J, Taylor M, John AK, Balbir-Gurman A, Hughes LD, Young A, John Done D, Treharne GJ, Ezard C, Willott R, Butt S, Gadsby K, Deighton C, Tsuru T, Terao K, Suzaki M, Nakashima H, Akiyama A, Nishimoto N, Smolen J, Wordsworth P, Doyle MK, Kay J, Matteson EL, Landewe R, Hsia E, Zhou Y, Rahman MU, Van Vollenhoven R, Siri D, Furie R, Krasnow J, Alecock E, Alten R, Nishimoto N, Kawata Y, Aoki C, Mima T, van Vollenhoven RF, Nishimoto N, Yamanaka H, Woodworth T, Schiff MH, Taylor A, Pope JE, Genovese MC, Rubbert A, Keystone EC, Hsia EC, Buchanan J, Klareskog L, Murphy FT, Wu Z, Parasuraman S, Rahman MU, Kay J, Wordsworth P, Doyle MK, Smolen J, Buchanan J, Matteson EL, Hsia EC, Landewe R, Zhou Y, Shreekant P, Rahman MU, Smolen JS, Gomez-Reino JJ, Davies C, Alecock E, Rubbert-Roth A, Emery P. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Treatment [151-201]: 151. Should we be Looking More Carefully for Methotrexate Induced Liver Disease? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Harrison MJ, Davies LM, Bansback NJ, McCoy MJ, Verstappen SMM, Watson K, Symmons DPM. The comparative responsiveness of the EQ-5D and SF-6D to change in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Qual Life Res 2009; 18:1195-205. [PMID: 19777373 PMCID: PMC2761817 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-009-9539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Comparative evidence regarding the responsiveness of the EQ-5D and SF-6D in arthritis patients is conflicting and insufficient across the range of disease severity. We examined the comparative responsiveness of the EQ-5D and SF-6D in cohorts of patients with early inflammatory disease through to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Responsiveness was tested using the effect size (ES) and standardised response mean (SRM). Correlation of change in EQ-5D and SF-6D with disease specific measures was tested using Pearson correlations and the Steiger's Z test. Treatment response and self-reported change were used as anchors of important change. RESULTS The EQ-5D was more responsive to deterioration (ES ratio (EQ-5D/SF-6D): 1.6-3.0) and the SF-6D more responsive to improvement (ES ratio (SF-6D/EQ-5D): 1.1-1.8) in health. The SF-6D did not respond well to deterioration in patients with established severe RA (ES and SRM 0.08). The EQ-5D provided larger absolute mean change estimates but with greater variance compared to the SF-6D. CONCLUSIONS The comparative responsiveness of the EQ-5D and SF-6D differs according to the direction of change. The level of mean change of the EQ-5D relative to the SF-6D has implications for cost-effectiveness analysis. Use of the SF-6D in patients with severe progressive disease may be inappropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Harrison
- ARC Epidemiology Unit, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - L. M. Davies
- Health Economics Research at Manchester, Health Methodology Research Group, School of Community Based Medicine, University of Manchester, 1st Floor, University Place Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - N. J. Bansback
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St Paul’s Hospital, 620B - 1081, Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6 Canada
| | - M. J. McCoy
- ARC Epidemiology Unit, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - S. M. M. Verstappen
- ARC Epidemiology Unit, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - K. Watson
- ARC Epidemiology Unit, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - D. P. M. Symmons
- ARC Epidemiology Unit, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - The British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register Control Centre Consortium, on behalf of the BSRBR
- ARC Epidemiology Unit, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
- Health Economics Research at Manchester, Health Methodology Research Group, School of Community Based Medicine, University of Manchester, 1st Floor, University Place Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, St Paul’s Hospital, 620B - 1081, Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6 Canada
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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McCown∗ S, Ringler J, Watson K, Cassill B, Stine J, Lawrence L. Sampling Factors Affecting Carbohydrate Measurements in Pasture Grasses. J Equine Vet Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2009.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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