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Gouveia-Eufrasio L, de Freitas GJC, Costa MC, Peres-Emidio EC, Carmo PHF, Rodrigues JGM, de Rezende MC, Rodrigues VF, de Brito CB, Miranda GS, de Lima PA, da Silva LMV, Oliveira JBS, da Paixão TA, da Glória de Souza D, Fagundes CT, Peres NTDA, Negrão-Correa DA, Santos DA. The Th2 Response and Alternative Activation of Macrophages Triggered by Strongyloides venezuelensis Is Linked to Increased Morbidity and Mortality Due to Cryptococcosis in Mice. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:968. [PMID: 37888224 PMCID: PMC10607621 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis that causes pneumonia and meningoencephalitis. Strongyloidiasis is a chronic gastrointestinal infection caused by parasites of the genus Strongyloides. Cryptococcosis and strongyloidiasis affect the lungs and are more prevalent in the same world regions, i.e., Africa and tropical countries such as Brazil. It is undeniable that those coincidences may lead to the occurrence of coinfections. However, there are no studies focused on the interaction between Cryptococcus spp. and Strongyloides spp. In this work, we aimed to investigate the interaction between Strongyloides venezuelensis (Sv) and Cryptococcus gattii (Cg) in a murine coinfection model. Murine macrophage exposure to Sv antigens reduced their ability to engulf Cg and produce reactive oxygen species, increasing the ability of fungal growth intracellularly. We then infected mice with both pathogens. Sv infection skewed the host's response to fungal infection, increasing lethality in a murine coinfection model. In addition to increased NO levels and arginase activity, coinfected mice presented a classic Th2 anti-Sv response: eosinophilia, higher levels of alternate activated macrophages (M2), increased concentrations of CCL24 and IL-4, and lower levels of IL-1β. This milieu favored fungal growth in the lungs with prominent translocation to the brain, increasing the host's tissue damage. In conclusion, our data shows that primary Sv infection promotes Th2 bias of the pulmonary response to Cg-infection and worsens its pathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Gouveia-Eufrasio
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (L.G.-E.); (N.T.d.A.P.)
| | - Gustavo José Cota de Freitas
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (L.G.-E.); (N.T.d.A.P.)
| | - Marliete Carvalho Costa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (L.G.-E.); (N.T.d.A.P.)
| | - Eluzia Castro Peres-Emidio
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (L.G.-E.); (N.T.d.A.P.)
| | - Paulo Henrique Fonseca Carmo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (L.G.-E.); (N.T.d.A.P.)
| | - João Gustavo Mendes Rodrigues
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Esquistossomose, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (D.A.N.-C.)
| | - Michelle Carvalho de Rezende
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Esquistossomose, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (D.A.N.-C.)
| | - Vanessa Fernandes Rodrigues
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Esquistossomose, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (D.A.N.-C.)
| | - Camila Bernardo de Brito
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (D.d.G.d.S.); (C.T.F.)
| | - Guilherme Silva Miranda
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Esquistossomose, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (D.A.N.-C.)
| | - Pâmela Aparecida de Lima
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (T.A.d.P.)
| | - Lívia Mara Vitorino da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (L.G.-E.); (N.T.d.A.P.)
| | - Jefferson Bruno Soares Oliveira
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (T.A.d.P.)
| | - Tatiane Alves da Paixão
- Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório de Patologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (T.A.d.P.)
| | - Daniele da Glória de Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (D.d.G.d.S.); (C.T.F.)
| | - Caio Tavares Fagundes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (D.d.G.d.S.); (C.T.F.)
| | - Nalu Teixeira de Aguiar Peres
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (L.G.-E.); (N.T.d.A.P.)
| | - Deborah Aparecida Negrão-Correa
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Esquistossomose, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (D.A.N.-C.)
| | - Daniel Assis Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (L.G.-E.); (N.T.d.A.P.)
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Gouveia-Eufrasio L, Ribeiro NQ, Santos JRA, da Costa MC, Emídio ECP, de Freitas GJC, do Carmo PHF, Miranda BA, de Oliveira JCMD, da Silva LMV, Teixeira Leocádio VA, Randi Magalhães VC, Penido I, Pereira LS, Rabelo LF, de Almeida Faria FA, Teixeira Dutra MR, Aspahan M, de Paula L, da Silva DI, Tavares Melo MG, de Andrade Zambelli VA, Gomes Faraco AA, da Costa César I, Alves GP, da Cunha Melo LF, de Aguiar Peres NT, Santos DA. Randomized, phase 1/2, double-blind pioglitazone repositioning trial combined with antifungals for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis - PIO study. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 22:100745. [PMID: 33997457 PMCID: PMC8099743 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptococcosis affects more than 220,000 patients/year, with high mortality even when the standard treatment [amphotericin B (AMB), 5-flucytosin (5-FC) and fluconazole] is used. AMB presents high toxicity and 5-FC is not currently available in Brazil. In a pre-clinical study, pioglitazone (PIO - an antidiabetic drug) decreased AMB toxicity and lead to an increased mice survival, reduced morbidity and fungal burden in brain and lungs. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PIO combined with standard antifungal treatment for human cryptococcosis. Methods A phase 1/2, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial will be performed with patients from Belo Horizonte, Brazil. They will be divided into three groups (placebo, PIO 15 mg/day or PIO 45 mg/day) and will receive an additional pill during the induction phase of cryptococcosis' treatment. Our hypothesis is that treated patients will have increased survival, so the primary outcome will be the mortality rate. Patients will be monitored for survival, side effects, fungal burden and inflammatory mediators in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The follow up will occur for up 60 days. Conclusions We expect that PIO will be an adequate adjuvant to the standard cryptococcosis' treatment. Trial registration ICTRP/WHO (and International Clinical Trial Registry Plataform (ICTRP/WHO) (http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=RBR-9fv3f4), RBR-9fv3f4 (http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9fv3f4). UTN Number: U1111-1226-1535. Ethical approvement number: CAAE 17377019.0.0000.5149.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Gouveia-Eufrasio
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Noelly Queiroz Ribeiro
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marliete Carvalho da Costa
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elúzia Castro Peres Emídio
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo José Cota de Freitas
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Fonseca do Carmo
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Alves Miranda
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Maia Dornelas de Oliveira
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lívia Mara Vitorino da Silva
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Augusto Teixeira Leocádio
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Caroline Randi Magalhães
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Indiara Penido
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Soares Pereira
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lívia Frota Rabelo
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Rita Teixeira Dutra
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maíra Aspahan
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ludmila de Paula
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Dirce Inês da Silva
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcia Gregory Tavares Melo
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Isabela da Costa César
- Departamento de produtos farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Glauciene Prado Alves
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Nalu Teixeira de Aguiar Peres
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Assis Santos
- Mycology Lab, Departamento de Microbiolgia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Souza GÁAD, de Almeida AC, Xavier MADS, da Silva LMV, Sousa CN, Sanglard DA, Xavier AREDO. Characterization and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to beta-lactams isolated from the milk of cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. Vet World 2019; 12:1931-1939. [PMID: 32095043 PMCID: PMC6989334 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1931-1939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The term ESKAPE, recognized by the WHO, is an acronym, which refers to the pathogens Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp., which is extremely virulent and multidrug-resistant. Although the term is used to designate nosocomial pathogens, in a milking environment, strains of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus have been isolated from cattle diagnosed with clinical and subclinical mastitis. Resistant strains may be involved in the transfer of genes conferring resistance to beta-lactam antimicrobials among the species of microorganisms related to mastitis etiology. This study aimed to trace the phenotypic and genotypic profiles of susceptibility to beta-lactams in S. aureus isolated from milk of cattle diagnosed with subclinical mastitis obtained from different rural properties located in the North of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen microorganisms previously identified as S. aureus isolated from milk of cattle diagnosed with subclinical mastitis were submitted to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF), mass spectrometry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for microbial species confirmation. The S. aureus beta-lactams antimicrobial phenotypic resistance profile was investigated by disk diffusion method. PCR methods were also performed to investigate the S. aureus genotypic beta-lactams resistance profile. For this purpose, bla Z, mec A, mec ALGA251, bla Oxa23, and bla KPC genes were screened among S. aureus isolates. The genetic diversity of S. aureus by fingerprint random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR was also performed in this study. RESULTS All isolates showed phenotypic resistance to at least three beta-lactams, among which was meropenem. None of the isolates tested positive for the genes mec ALGA251, bla Oxa23, and bla KPC; however, the presence of the genes bla Z and mecA was detected among the isolates. The fingerprint analysis divided isolates into two distinct groups and 15 different subgroups. Despite the presence of clonality among the isolates, the PCR-RAPD analysis unveiled a heterogeneous profile with genetic diversity among the S. aureus isolates. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified beta-lactams resistant S. aureus strains isolated from the milk of cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. The S. aureus beta-lactams resistance was investigated using a phenotypic and genotypic approach. We believe that molecular epidemiology, improved knowledge, and genetic basis of resistance to beta-lactams might assist in asserting guidelines for better management practices of dealing with subclinical mastitis and mapping of origin of resistant pathogens in the studied Brazilian area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geziella Áurea Aparecida Damasceno Souza
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Center for Research in Agrarian Sciences, Laboratory of Animal Health, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anna Christina de Almeida
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Center for Research in Agrarian Sciences, Laboratory of Animal Health, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro Aparecido de Sousa Xavier
- State University of Montes Claros, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Microbiology Laboratory, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lívia Mara Vitorino da Silva
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Center for Research in Agrarian Sciences, Laboratory of Animal Health, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cintya Neves Sousa
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Center for Research in Agrarian Sciences, Laboratory of Animal Health, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Demerson Arruda Sanglard
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Center for Research in Agrarian Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Almeida ACD, Morão RP, Martins ER, Fonseca FSAD, Souza CND, Prates JPB, Oliveira FDD, Silva LMVD. Atividade antisséptica do óleo essencial de Lippia origanoides Cham. (Alecrim-pimenta) na presença de leite bovino. Pesq Vet Bras 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016000900018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Resumo: Objetivou-se determinar atividade antisséptica do óleo essencial de Lippia origanoides na presença de leite bovino. A composição química do óleo essencial de alecrim pimenta foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM), sendo detectados 53 compostos, dos quais 16 foram identificados (>0,1% área total). O carvacrol (32,7%), p-cimeno (23%), timilmetil éter, cariofileno (7,98%) e o γ-terpineno (5,40%) foram os componentes mais abundantes. A concentração inibitória mínima para Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e E. coli ATCC 8739 foi de 60μL/mL, enquanto para Salmonella Choleraesuis ATCC 35640 foi de 90μL/mL. A concentração bactericida mínima foi de 120μL/mL para as três bactérias. Avaliou-se a atividade antisséptica do óleo essencial na concentração de 120μL/mL na presença de leite bovino sobre as mesmas cepas bacterianas. O óleo em estudo apresentou efeito inibitório do crescimento das cepas em diferentes tempos de ação (p<0,05). S. aureus apresentou maiores índices de inibição após 5 min de contato e Escherichia coli e Salmonella Choleraesuis após 15 min. O óleo essencial de alecrim-pimenta revelou ser um potencial antimicrobiano natural, mesmo na presença de matéria orgânica constituída de uma matriz nutricional complexa que é o leite bovino.
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